Academic literature on the topic 'Northern Seven Years' War'
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Journal articles on the topic "Northern Seven Years' War"
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Salvucci, Richard J. "From Settler to Citizen: New Mexican Economic Development and the Creation of Vecino Society, 1750–1820. By Ross Frank. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. Pp. xxiv, 329. $45.00." Journal of Economic History 61, no. 4 (December 2001): 1138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701005769.
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The first Spanish expedition into New Mexico took place in 1598 under Juan de Oñate. Less than a century later, Spanish settlers were expelled from Santa Fe during the Pueblo revolt of 1680 and the Crown was unable to reestablish control until 1692. New Mexico thereafter remained little more than an insecure settlement on the northern edge of Spain's American empire. Like that of the other frontier marches, New Mexico's status changed dramatically after 1750, when Spain, impelled by growing foreign pressure, sought to strengthen the defensive margins of its possessions. New Mexico, Cuba, and the Argentine colony, for example, all received renewed attention in Madrid. Their subsequent development was dramatically altered by the metropolitan response to the Seven Years War (1756–1763), measures known collectively as the Bourbon reforms.
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Arulananthan, Ashani, Venura Herath, Sivashanthini Kuganathan, Anura Upasanta, and Akila Harishchandra. "The Status of the Coral Reefs of the Jaffna Peninsula (Northern Sri Lanka), with 36 Coral Species New to Sri Lanka Confirmed by DNA Bar-Coding." Oceans 2, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 509–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oceans2030029.
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Sri Lanka, an island nation located off the southeast coast of the Indian sub-continent, has an unappreciated diversity of corals and other reef organisms. In particular, knowledge of the status of coral reefs in its northern region has been limited due to 30 years of civil war. From March 2017 to August 2018, we carried out baseline surveys at selected sites on the northern coastline of the Jaffna Peninsula and around the four largest islands in Palk Bay. The mean percentage cover of live coral was 49 ± 7.25% along the northern coast and 27 ± 5.3% on the islands. Bleaching events and intense fishing activities have most likely resulted in the occurrence of dead corals at most sites (coral mortality index > 0.33). However, all sites were characterised by high values of diversity (H’ ≥ 2.3) and evenness (E ≥ 0.8). The diversity index increased significantly with increasing coral cover on the northern coast but showed the opposite trend on the island sites. One hundred and thirteen species of scleractinian corals, representing 16 families and 39 genera, were recorded, as well as seven soft coral genera. Thirty-six of the scleractinian coral species were identified for the first time on the island of Sri Lanka. DNA barcoding using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) was employed to secure genetic confirmation of a few difficult-to-distinguish new records: Acropora aspera, Acropora digitifera, Acropora gemmifera, Montipora flabellata, and Echinopora gemmacea.
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Ashworth, John. "The Democratic-Republicans before the Civil War: Political Ideology and Economic Change." Journal of American Studies 20, no. 3 (December 1986): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800012731.
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When James K. Polk entered the White House in March 1845 all but a small minority of politicians acted and voted in accordance with the stated principles of one of two major parties. These parties were emphatically national in scope; each won support from all sections of the Union. Sixteen years later when it was the turn of Abraham Lincoln to enter the White House the situation was dramatically altered. Seven states from the Deep South had left the Union, four of the Upper South states were soon to follow. As the firing began at Fort Sumter, northerners of all parties rallied to the defence of the Union. A party system genuinely national in scope had been supplanted by sectional conflict that was about to erupt into Civil War.A key stage in this process occurred when northern Democrats challenged what seemed to be the increasingly evident southern dominance of their party. For many Democrats disillusionment did not come until close to the end of the decade. These Democrats remained within their party and supported Douglas in 1860. They were nevertheless by this time bitter in their denunciations of the South and the resolute defenders of the Union in the aftermath of secession.
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Wubs-Mrozewicz, Justyna, and Alain Wijffels. "Diplomacy and Advocacy." Tijdschrift voor rechtsgeschiedenis 84, no. 1-2 (June 14, 2016): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-08412p01.
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Against the background of the Northern Seven Years’ War, a Dutch fleet carrying salt from France to the Baltic was arrested in 1564 by the Danish authorities in the Sound, and only allowed to proceed after declaring under oath that they would not sell their cargo to Denmark’s enemy. Afterwards, having reached the Baltic, the fleet encountered a Swedish man-of-war which (according to the Dutchmen) forced them to sail to Stockholm, where the salt was sold at a fixed price. The fleet then sailed to Danzig, where the ships and goods were seized. The incident appears to have played a part in the closure of the Sound to Dutch trade by the Danish Crown, which tried to put pressure on the rulers of the Netherlands for their support in his war efforts. A practical solution to the diplomatic crisis was worked out in setting up a trial opposing the king of Denmark to the skippers of the seized ships before the municipal authorities of Danzig, a city under the overlordship of the King of Poland, who was allied to Denmark in the war against Sweden, while Danzig itself endeavoured to avoid any direct involvement in the warfare. The lawsuit followed the format of civil law procedure. The memorandum and rejoinders, together with a consilium to which a subscriptio by several law professors of Louvain was added, document how a political and diplomatic dispute could be defused and managed through quasi-judicial proceedings and legal arguments. An interim decree of the Danzig authorities discharged the Dutch skippers (1565) and that provisional outcome was eventually confirmed by the king of Poland’s final decision (1567).
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Schramm, Stine, Jannie Nielsen, Felix O. Kaducu, Ceaser L. Okumu, Emilio Ovuga, and Morten Sodemann. "Post-conflict household structures and underweight: a multilevel analysis of a community-based study in northern Uganda." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 15 (June 18, 2018): 2725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018001581.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations between household-level characteristics and underweight in a post-conflict population.DesignNutritional status of residents in the Gulu Health and Demographic Surveillance Site was obtained during a community-based cross-sectional study, ~6 years after the civil war. Household-level factors included headship, polygamy, household size, child-to-adult ratio, child crowding, living with a stunted or overweight person, deprived area, distance to health centre and socio-economic status. Multilevel logistic regression models examined associations of household and community factors with underweight, calculating OR, corresponding 95 % CI and intraclass correlation coefficients. Effect modification by gender and age was examined by interaction terms and stratified analyses.SettingRural post-conflict area in northern Uganda.SubjectsIn total, 2799 households and 11 312 individuals were included, representing all age groups.ResultsLiving in a female-headed v. male-headed household was associated (OR; 95 % CI) with higher odds for underweight among adult men (2·18; 1·11, 4·27) and girls <5 years (1·51; 0·97, 2·34), but lower odds among adolescent women aged 13–19 years (0·46; 0·22, 0·97). Higher odds was seen for residents living in deprived areas (1·37; 0·97, 1·94), with increasing distance to health services (P-trend <0·05) and among adult men living alone v. living in an average-sized household of seven members (3·23; 1·22, 8·59). Residents living in polygamous households had lower odds for underweight (0·79; 0·65, 0·97).ConclusionsThe gender- and age-specific associations between household-level factors and underweight are likely to reflect local social capital structures. Adapting to these is crucial before implementing health and nutrition interventions.
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Lydon, Jane. "‘Little Gunshots, but with the blaze of lightning’: Xavier Herbert, Visuality and Human Rights." Cultural Studies Review 23, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/csr.v23i2.5820.
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Xavier Herbert published his bestseller Capricornia in 1938, following two periods spent in the Northern Territory. His next major work, Poor Fellow My Country (1975), was not published until thirty-seven years later, but was also set in the north during the 1930s. One significant difference between the two novels is that by 1975 photo-journalism had become a significant force for influencing public opinion and reforming Aboriginal policy. Herbert’s novel, centring upon Prindy as vulnerable Aboriginal child, marks a sea change in perceptions of Aboriginal people and their place in Australian society, and a radical shift toward use of photography as a means of revealing the violation of human rights after World War II. In this article I review Herbert’s visual narrative strategies in the context of debates about this key historical shift and the growing impact of photography in human rights campaigns. I argue that Poor Fellow My Country should be seen as a textual re-enactment, set in Herbert’s and the nation’s past, yet coloured by more recent social changes that were facilitated and communicated through the camera’s lens. Like all re-enactments, it is written in the past conditional: it asks, what if things had been different? It poses a profound challenge to the state project of scientific modernity that was the Northern Territory over the first decades of the twentieth century.
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Satskyi, Pavlo. "Projects waterways seas in the Soviet Union at the Dnipro as an extension of the concept Intermarium after World War II." European Historical Studies, no. 5 (2016): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2016.05.97-111.
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The author of the article has been analysing the problems, which had important significance for the new and modern history and for the system of international relations in the Central Europe, i.e. the realisation of the project of uniting of the Baltic and Black Seas as a single political project. It was the well-known idea of the Intermarium, which was popular in the political history for a number of decades and was used by the Polish foreign policy. However, a similar idea was also born in Russia during the Seven Years’ War in the years of 1756-1763. The idea of uniting of the Baltic and Black Seas in terms of the single political 111 project was also relevant in the 20th century before the beginning of the World War II.However, after the end of the war it has gained new technocratic meaning in theUSSR. In USSR the project of the uniting the Baltic and Black Seas was being implemented, into which this country had a relatively easy exit after the integration of the Baltic states by means of the creation of water transport route from the Dnieper. The beginning of the realisation of this idea was building of The Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station and the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimea channels. In terms of the realisation of this project there were also plans to create the connection of the Dnieper channel with the Azov Sea. In the process of the discussions related to the question of the expediency of building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimea channels, which took place in 1952, the building of the channel uniting Dnieper with the Azov Sea remained among the top questions for discussions. But there was one controversial question related to the orientation of the before mentioned channel, i.e. according to the Meridian or parallelly, that is parallelly to the Sivash, which separated the Crimea from the mainland. In 1954 the Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR suggested the project of the uniting of the Baltic Sea with the Black Sea in terms of the creating of the Waterways System in the European part of the USSR. All technical projects related to the uniting of the Baltic Sea with the Black Sea with the help of highways remained to be the ideas only. However, one can notice the strategical importance of the development of these ideas and the geopolitical role of the Dnieper river and Sivash, which are strategically interrelated projects.
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BROWN, GARY, and STEFAN POREMBSKI. "Phytogenic hillocks and blow-outs as ‘safe sites’ for plants in an oil-contaminated area of northern Kuwait." Environmental Conservation 27, no. 3 (September 2000): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900000278.
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Towards the end of the Gulf War in 1991, the retreating Iraqi forces destroyed numerous oil installations in Kuwait, causing widespread oil pollution to extended areas of the desert ecosystem. Vegetation development in an oil-contaminated area of northern Kuwait, where the natural vegetation is dominated by the dwarf shrub Haloxylon salicornicum, was studied seven years after the release of the oil. Some sites of the study area were largely unaffected, whereas others were contaminated to varying degrees by oil. Tar-like oil tracks accounted for the largest proportion of contaminated ground, and these remained largely unvegetated. However, a number of Haloxylon shrubs survived the oil contamination mainly due to the presence of phytogenic hillocks around their bases. These phytogenic hillocks provided ‘safe sites’ for a number of plant species. This also applied to blow-outs, former phytogenic hillocks on the oil tracks that had been subject to severe sand deflation in recent years. Species composition on both the phytogenic hillocks and in the blow-outs was very similar to that of the control area. Laboratory studies showed that the seed bank under the oil tracks had been annihilated. The number of seedlings emerging from soil samples was lower on the phytogenic hillocks and blow-outs than in the control areas. We conclude that recolonization of oil tracks will gradually take place as the hard surface of the tracks begins to disintegrate, or in part becomes covered by sand. The break-up of the track surface has already begun to a limited extent, mainly due to factors such as off-road driving, large herds of grazing animals, burrowing animals (lizards, rodents) and colonies of ants. It is suggested that a specific programme aimed at breaking up the hard surface and allowing it to become mixed with uncontaminated sand would probably greatly enhance recolonization.
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Nicolaus, Peter. "The Lost Sanjaq." Iran and the Caucasus 12, no. 2 (2008): 217–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338408x406029.
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AbstractThe seven sanjaqs, or sacred images of Malak Tawus, are the most concrete expression of Yezidism and considered the holiest of the holy ritual objects of that religion. Only a handful of non-Yezidis have ever seen one, and very little is known about them. The latter holds, in particular, true with regard to the so-called Moskovi-sanjaq. Before World War I it was sent to the Russian Empire (East Anatolia and the Transcaucasus) every year, but was reported lost in 1914.Based on numerous interviews with Yezidis in Armenia, as well as on official correspondence between British, Iraqi, and Soviet authorities, the first part of the article reconstructs the odyssey of the Moskovi-sanjaq and the seven priests (qewwals) carrying it. It confirms that after 16 years of wandering through the Transcaucasus, five of the seven qewwals were eventually able to return via Odessa and London to the Yezidi heartland in Northern Iraq, but concludes that the Moskovi-sanjaq was ultimately lost in Georgia—confiscated by the Soviet authorities.The second part of the paper describes the history of a second sanjaq, which the author discovered in a village near Yerevan, secretly kept and protected from the prying eyes of non-Yezidis by a sheikhly family. Although all tales and myths, explaining how this second sanjaq arrived in Armenia, are examined and analysed, the origin of that sacred image remains mysterious. The article further paints a detailed picture of the cult, which evolved around the sacred image in Armenia as well as of the—sometimes savage—fights over its possession and the struggle of the keepers of the sanjaq with the Soviet authorities. In addition to interviews with eyewitnesses, the author bases his findings on court decisions and minutes of the councils of Yezidi elders, as well as information found at Yezidi graveyards.
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Lapeña, José Florencio. "On the Brink: The Climate and Nature Crisis and Risks of Nuclear War." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 38, no. 2 (November 20, 2023): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v38i2.2225.
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The Russian military invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, and Hamas’ terror attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, signaled the beginning of two of the most recent wars to make international headlines. To date, over 110 armed conflicts are taking place: over 45 in the Middle East and North Africa (Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Syria, Turkey, Yemen, Western Sahara); over 35 in Africa (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan); 21 in Asia (Afghanistan, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, the Philippines); seven in Europe (Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan); and six in Latin America (three each in Mexico and Colombia); with two more international armed conflicts (between India and Pakistan, and between India and China) in Asia.1 This list does not even include such problematic situations as those involving China and the South East Asia region.
As though these situations of armed violence were not enough, mankind has already passed or is on the verge of passing several climate tipping points – a recent review lists nine Global core tipping elements (and their tipping points) - the Greenland Ice Sheet (collapse); West Antarctic Ice Sheet (collapse); Labrador-Irminger Seas / SPG Convection (collapse); East Antarctic Subglacial Basins (collapse); Amazon Rainforest (dieback); Boreal Permafrost (collapse); Atlantic M.O. Circulation (collapse); Arctic Winter Sea Ice (collapse); and East Antarctic Ice Sheet (collapse); and seven Regional impact tipping elements (and their tipping points) – Low-latitude Coral Reefs (die-off); Boreal Permafrost (abrupt thaw); Barents Sea Ice (abrupt loss); Mountain Glaciers (loss); Sahel and W. African Monsoon (greening); Boreal Forest (southern dieback); and Boreal Forest (northern expansion).2 Closer to home, how can we forget the disaster and devastation wrought by Super Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) 10 years ago to date?
Whether international or non-international, armed conflicts raise the risk of nuclear war. Russia has already “rehearsed its ability to deliver a ‘massive’ nuclear strike,” conducting “practical launches of ballistic and cruise missiles,” and stationed a first batch of tactical nuclear weapons in Belarus,3 and the possibility of nuclear escalation in Ukraine cannot be overestimated.4 Meanwhile, in a rare public announcement, the U.S. Central Command revealed that an Ohio- class submarine (560 feet long, 18,750 tons submerged and carrying as many as 154 Tomahawk cruise missiles) had arrived in the Middle East on November 5, 2023.5 Indeed, “the danger is great and growing,” as “any use of nuclear weapons would be catastrophic for humanity.”6
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Northern Seven Years' War"
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WAGNER, MEGAN JENNIFER. "THE SEVEN YEARS WAR: GLOBAL CONFLICT AND THE COLONIAL PERSPECTIVE." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192269.
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Skabelund, Andrew G. "Governing Gorée: France in West Africa Following the Seven Years' War." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3655.
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In 1763, France had just suffered a devastating loss to the British in the Seven Years' War. In almost an instant, France's claims to West Africa shrank to the tiny island of Gorée off the coast of Senegal and a few trading posts on the mainland. This drastic reversal of fortunes forced France to reevaluate its place in the world and rethink its overall imperial objectives and colonial strategies, and in an effort to regroup, the French Empire sent a new governor, Pierre François Guillaume Poncet de la Rivière, on a mission to regain its foothold in West Africa. From this tiny island, France eventually succeeded in overturning its devastating losses and establishing itself as the dominant force in the region over the next two centuries, so deeply ingraining its influence into the core of West Africa that its imperial influence is still felt today.Despite France's future success, Poncet's tenure as governor was fraught with mismanagement and poor planning. Poncet believed he had the full backing of the Duc de Choiseul, but Poncet's excessive zeal, inability to effectively employ and listen to subordinates, and rash interactions with the British undermined the French presence in the region and ultimately led to his dismissal. Poncet's governorship sheds new light on Choiseul's goals for the Senegambia region and his underestimation of what it took to establish a strong presence.
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Magennis, Eoin. "Politics and government in Ireland during the Seven Years War, 1756-63." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363033.
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Gee, Austin. "English provincial newspapers and the politics of the Seven Years' War, 1756-1763." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2091.
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This thesis examines the treatment of the national political events of the Seven Years' War by six provincial newspapers. It seeks to establish the connections between the reporting of those political issues and provincial political opinion. In doing so, it attempts to answer whether there existed a distinctive provincial 'political consciousness'. Only comment and reporting in provincial newspapers on national issues is studied, with reference to the reaction of some London newspapers to the same issues. Local politics are dealt with only incidentally. It is argued that to understand the significance of newspaper comment it is first necessary to take account of the limitations of the evidence: the way the newspapers were produced, the audience for which they were intended, and the potential size and breadth of that audience. The conclusion is drawn that a picture of provincial political opinion, although a distorted one, can be formed from the contents of the newspapers. Those contents show that the six papers differed significantly from their metropolitan counterparts only in few instances, and that generally they presented what can be described as an 'opposition version of politics'. Nevertheless, signs of the emergence of provincial political independence are apparent in the provincial newspapers of the war period. It is suggested further that this growing articulacy points to the emergence of a distinctive provincial political identity. These conclusions add to the wider view of national politics in the l750s and l760s. There is evidence for the survival of
local political divisions on party lines in provincial cities at a time when it has been suggested party divisions had disappeared in high politics. Additionally, the evidence of the six newspapers supports the picture of the growth of a wider 'political nation' during the 1750s and its active and independent interest in political issues before the Wilkes and North American stamp tax controversies of the 1760s.
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Ward, Matthew Charles. "La guerre sauvage: The Seven Years' War on the Virginia and Pennsylvania frontier." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623829.
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The Seven Years' War on the Virginia and Pennsylvania frontier was a devastating struggle. About two thousand colonists died, almost as many were captured, and tens of thousands fled for safety in the east. The British and their colonists proved unable to mount an effective military defence: colonial forces proved unfit for warfare in the frontier environment and military efforts resulted only in intense discord between civil and military authorities. as a result of the destruction of the raids both Virginia and Pennsylvania were unable to contribute to the war effort in the northern theater, on the St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain, and Acadia.;The French and their Indian allies achieved this success with few resources. The French were unable to commit over a few hundred men to the Ohio Valley, while the Indians experienced an acute shortage of arms and supplies caused by the disruption of their traditional trading network. to achieve their success the French and their Indian allies did not raid randomly, but with an intentional strategy and with specific targets.;The Indians who fought on both sides, fought, not as European pawns, but with their own specific war-aims: the Susquehanna Delawares sought independence from Iroquois overlordship; the Cherokees joined the Virginians in an attempt to break the South Carolinian control of their trade; the Ohio Indians struggled to keep European settlements out of the Ohio Valley.;Eventual success for the British in the theater was achieved not by the superiority of their forces in the theater--in each regular battle British troops were routed, at Fort Necessity, Braddock's Field, and Major Grant's defeat outside Fort Duquesne in 1758--but through attrition caused by British superiority in other theaters. In particular British naval superiority deprived the French, and in turn their Indian allies, of needed supplies.
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Apthorp, Kirrily. "AS GOOD AS AN ARMY: Mapping Smallpox during the Seven Years’ War in North America." Thesis, Department of History, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7975.
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There is substantial evidence that smallpox was widespread in North American during the Seven Years’ War. However, there have been no attempts to determine the extent to which it occurred. This thesis will map outbreaks of smallpox from the beginning stages of the conflict in 1752 through to the close of the Anglo-Indian War in 1765. It aims to demonstrate the far-reaching nature of a smallpox epidemic that lasted the duration of the war, and during other periods of intense conflict. After a preliminary consideration of effects the epidemic had on the war, it is clear that future studies are required to determine its full impact.
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Oliphant, John Stuart. "Great Britain and the Cherokee Nation : war and peace on the Anglo-Cherokee frontier 1756-1763." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265823.
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Charters, Erica M. "Disease, war, and the imperial state : the health of the British armed forces during the Seven Years War, 1756-63." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440644.
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Kasecamp, Emily Hager PhD. "COMPANY, COLONY, AND CROWN: THE OHIO COMPANY OF VIRGINIA, EMPIRE BUILDING, AND THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR, 1747-1763." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1574777293217054.
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Wills, George. "'Not in Glorious Battle Slain’: Disease and Death in the Royal Navy’s Western Squadron during the Seven Years’ War." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35268.
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The Seven Years’ War represented a period of great mobilization of British sailors and soldiers. Not only did men need to be found to man the ships and garrison the forts in the Western Squadron and North America, but they also needed to be fed and kept healthy during the conflict. Due to poor living conditions aboard Royal Navy ships, expeditions to North America were met with disease that would drastically reduce the numbers of able seamen. This was compounded by demobilization that followed the War of the Austrian Succession, forcing the British forces to rely on impressment to augment their troop numbers. Though there was a concerted effort to take healthy men with seafaring knowledge, local magistrates and constabularies saw this as an opportunity to rid their towns of the unwanted, and the demands of manning an ever growing Navy forced the Admiralty to take the sick and infirm. British prisons during this time were rife with typhus and smallpox, and the guardships that the impressed men would travel to were also areas of infections. The Royal Navy vessels were typically overfilled with men, and the tight living conditions encouraged the diseases to spread, creating ships that were not a wartime asset, but a liability to arrive in friendly ports in North America. There, the infection would spread to the local population, causing continued manning problems for the British during the conflict, and strained relations between the Admiralty and local governors. The infected troops limited British military effectiveness, and threatened the success of operations, as seen in the delay of the siege of Louisbourg in 1757, and the defeat of the British forces outside Quebec City in 1760. The experience with disease within a wartime context allowed Britain’s emerging medical class to publish important research, leading to positive changes to shipboard hygiene and medicine by the end of the eighteenth century.
Books on the topic "Northern Seven Years' War"
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Erik. Erik XIV: Oratio de iniusto bello regis Daniae anno 1563 contra regem Sueciae Ericum 14 gesto. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 2003.
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1531-1593, Lauterbach Johann, Sommer Anton F. W, Fischer Peter -1595, and Wechel Johann 1549-1593, eds. Rerum danicarum descriptio: 1593. Wien: Im Selbstverlag, 2006.
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Bogusław, Dybaś, and Ziemlewska Anna, eds. Wojny północne w XVI-XVIII wieku: W czterechsetlecie bitwy pod Kircholmem. Toruń: Tow. Nauk. w Toruniu, 2007.
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de Bruyn, Frans, and Shaun Regan, eds. The Culture of the Seven Years' War. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442696341.
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Schumann, Matt. The Seven Years War: A transatlantic history. New York, NY: Routledge, 2008.
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Schumann, Matt. The Seven Years War: A transatlantic history. New York, NY: Routledge, 2008.
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Museum, Canadian War, ed. The Canadian Iroquois and the Seven Years' War. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2012.
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Duffy, Christopher. The Austrian army in the Seven Years War. Rosemont, Ill: Emperor's Press, 2000.
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Harrer, Heinrich. Seven years in Tibet. New York, NY: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Northern Seven Years' War"
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Pintér, Tibor. "Cabo Delgado, the northern coastal part of Mozambique." In Green and Digital Transitions, 67–78. Szeged, Hungary: Szegedi Tudományegyetem, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/gtk.gdtgiss.2024.4.
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The importance of Mozambique's northern coastal province of Cabo Delgado has increased with the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war, although it was no less important before. In the last ten years, large reserves of natural gas and gemstones have been discovered and the last few years have seen the rise of a jihadist movement under the aegis of the Islamic State. Russian aggression has increased Europe's appetite for natural gas in its desire to reduce Russian energy dependence. The discovery of natural gas in Mozambique has created huge opportunities for the poor country, as international gas companies have invested heavily in Cabo Delgado. Although the past and present of the region is very chaotic and unstable, the future could be prosperous if the problems highlighted in this study are mitigated.
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Spinage, C. A. "From Seven Years War to Crimean War." In Cattle Plague, 133–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8901-7_8.
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Powell, Martyn J. "Ireland and the Seven Years War." In Britain and Ireland in the Eighteenth-Century Crisis of Empire, 48–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230286290_3.
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Wilson, Peter H. "The war in western and northern Germany 1621–9." In The Thirty Years War, 84–99. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06977-1_7.
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Garrigus, John D. "Reform and Revolt after the Seven Years’ War." In Before Haiti, 109–39. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403984432_5.
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"The German Hanse and the Seven Years' War of the North." In Germany's Northern Challenge, 88–102. BRILL, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004475700_011.
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Schroeder, Paul w. "The European System,1763–1787." In The Transformation Of European Politics 1763 –1848, 3–52. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198221197.003.0001.
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Abstract The period after the Peace of Paris which concluded the Seven Years’ War (1756-63) has often been described as one of relative stability. Certainly this is what many Europeans needed and wanted. The great world war of fifty years before, the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-14), had ended the threat of the hegemony of Louis XIV’s France in Europe and had established a recognizable balance of power. Despite the efforts of some British and French statesmen to establish a durable peace by a system of collective security, however, old contests had continued after the Peace of Utrecht-Rastatt and new ones developed in the succeeding decades, involving Northern Europe, Italy, Germany, the Near East, the Polish succession, the Austrian succession, India, and the New World. A climax to forty years of indecisive balance-of-power struggle was reached in the Seven Years’ War of1756-63. Even wider and bloodier than the War of the Spanish Succession, it ended with all the belligerents tired of fighting and some of them exhausted. The outcome was decisive in both the maritime and Continental theatres, though in different ways. Britain clearly defeated France and Spain in the contest for colonies and control of the seas.
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Davis, Paul K. "Toulon." In Besieged, 195–98. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195219302.003.0058.
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Abstract England as a hero and went on to redeem himself in an outstanding performance in India soon afterward. The English public was tired of the war by this time. When the news of Yorktown reached London, The government was unable to survive. In the spring of 1782 the newly elected leadership offered to negotiate a peace and talks began in Paris in September. They went on for a year before the Treaty of Paris of 1783 was signed. In this the London government recognized American independence, established The borders of the United States as the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes to The northern border of Florida. In return for assistance rendered the Revolution by the Spanish (particularly their governor in New Orleans Bernardo De Galvez) the Spanish received Florida, which They had surrendered to The English in the Treaty of Paris 1763 at the end of the French and Indian/Seven Years War.
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Jackson, Peter. "The Mongol Westward Advance (1219–53)." In The Mongols and the Islamic World. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300125337.003.0004.
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This chapter examines Mongol expansion in Western Asia during the period 1219–1253. Following the reduction of the nomadic tribes of the eastern steppe, Chinggis Khan turned his attention to the Jurchen-Jin empire in northern China. In the mid-twelfth century the Jin emperor had been hostile to the Mongols. The war against the Jurchen-Jin ended after the last vestiges of the Jin state vanished completely in 1234, seven years after Chinggis Khan's death. The chapter first provides a background on Chinggis Khan's conflict with the Khwārazmshāhs before discussing the Mongol campaigns in the eastern Islamic lands in 616–621/1219–1224. It also considers Mongol operations in Western Asia during the period 1229–1252, the Mongol art of war, and Muslims' support for the Mongol invaders.
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McLaughlin, Greg, and Stephen Baker. "‘Every man an emperor’: the British press, Bloody Sunday and the image of the British Army1." In The Northern Ireland Troubles in Britain. Manchester University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719096310.003.0014.
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On 30 January 1972, men of the 1st Parachute Regiment of the British Army opened fire on civil rights marchers in Derry, Northern Ireland, killing 13 unarmed and innocent civilians. The event was reported worldwide and was to seen in hindsight as a significant turning point in the conflict in Northern Ireland; the moment when a struggle for civil rights gave way to a war between the IRA and the British state. Yet, as the textual analysis in this chapter shows, the official story of Bloody Sunday was based almost entirely on army lies and propaganda and on the flawed Widgery Report of 19 April 1972, which exonerated the paratroopers and their officers and cast doubt on the innocence of the victims. Newspaper coverage at the time showed a determination to recover the image and reputation of the Army in the wake of the killings. Indeed, even after the Saville Report 38 years later, which vindicated the victims and cast blame solely on the British army, sections of the British press were reluctant to let go of the official version. The explanation for this, we argue, has more to do with a deep-seated, cultural and ideological predisposition than with propaganda or the normative routines of commercial journalism.
Conference papers on the topic "Northern Seven Years' War"
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de Oliveira, Ana Julia Juliano, Giulia Alencar Romano, Maria Eduarda Santiago de Oliveira Pires, Ana Luísa Sousa Tatesuji, Denis Carlos dos Santos, Jéssica Kirsch Micheletti, Berlis Ribeiro dos Santos Menossi, Fabrício José Jassi, and João Paulo Freitas. "Relationship between catastrophizing and pain intensity in university students with chronic nonspecific low back pain." In VI Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvimulti2024-054.
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Low back pain is pain in the posterior aspect of the body between the lower margin of the twelfth rib and the lower gluteal folds, and can radiate to the lower limbs. Classified by the American Physical Therapy Association's Clinical Practice Guideline as acute (up to six weeks) or chronic (more than six weeks). Studies show that 41.2% of university students suffer from low back pain exacerbated by biopsychosocial factors, such as catastrophizing, affecting their daily life. Therefore, the aim of this studywas to identify whether there is a relationship between catastrophizing and the intensity of chronic nonspecific low back pain in university students. This is an analytical cross-sectional study, approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Northern Paraná (Opinion: 6,082,631; CAAE 68394522.3.0000.8123). The sample consisted of 40 students from the State University of Northern Paraná (UENP), Jacarezinho campus -PR. All data collection took place in person at the university's physiotherapy clinic. Initially, the intensity of low back pain was measured using the Numerical Pain Scale (NDS) and later the Pain Catastrophizing Scale(PCS) was applied, which would evaluate catastrophizing of university students with the presence of nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP). The study included 40 university students with a mean age of 21 years, 70% of whom were women. Previous studies have shown that psychological aspects influence pain intensity and disability more than anatomical factors, corroborating the data found in our study, since there was a significant (moderate) correlation (p≤0.05) between pain intensity andthe B-PCS questionnaire score, suggesting that the higher the pain intensity, the higher the level of catastrophizing of university students. Thus, it is concluded that catastrophizing is related to pain intensity in university students with chronic nonspecific low back pain. These findings highlight the importance of addressing psychosocial factors in the treatment of patients with low back pain
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Ryabov, S. M. "“Discourse on the overthrow of the king of Sweden” of Charles de Danzay: source on the history of the Baltic question 60-70 years of the XVI Century." In VIII Information school of a young scientist. Central Scientific Library of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32460/ishmu-2020-8-0032.
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“Discourse on the overthrow of the king of Sweden” was written by the French diplomat resident in Copenhagen Charles de Danzay in 1568. It tells about the events of the overthrow of the Swedish monarch Eric XIV that occurred in the same 1568 by his brothers: Dukes Karl and Johan. Danzay in his “Discourse” gives estimates of the regime of Eric XIV. The work allows us to compare it with The Opritchnina regime of Ivan IV the terrible. The article also discusses the “Muscovite plot” related to the overthrow of Eric XIV: the so-called “the case of Katerina Jagiellonka”. In addition, the topic of Franch presence in the Baltic is briefly touched upon. In the article, the author comes to the conclusion that “Discourse” Danzay is a valuable source on the history of Sweden and Russia, the Baltic question in the XVI century Northern Seven years' war, which can shed light on many until today the dark questions.
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Duarte, Jose R., Filipa Duarte, Bruno Fernandes, Zeljka Devedzic, Johann Stampler, and Blaz Mulavec. "A Holistic Digital Design Approach for a Metro Project in Portugal." In IABSE Congress, New Delhi 2023: Engineering for Sustainable Development. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newdelhi.2023.0552.
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<p>The Ruby Line Porto is a new 6.5 km metro project connecting the urban areas of Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia in northern Portugal to be built in the upcoming years till 2025.</p><p>The authors have been responsible for the design of six main work packages including the new track, new roads, five viaducts, three underpasses, one pedestrian overpass, one top-down tunnel, multiple retaining walls, and the structures of seven new stations and platforms. Due to multiple collaboration needs with other parties, a consistent digital BIM workflow with a common data structure and alignment of sub-models was of utmost importance for delivering the project successfully.</p><p>The introduction and application of a new software tool was predestined for this ambitious plan to model the quite different parts of the project in a common digital environment. The paper shows, which techniques offered by the software had to be used for successful modeling.</p>
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Kobayashi, T., M. Kato, H. Sori, Y. Sasai, M. Sato, T. Inada, K. Harada, and T. Okada. "Sustainable Progression of Technology Education for Atomic Energy Engineering in Tsuyama National College of Technology." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16567.
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This study describes the achievements of a program that provides technology education about low-level radiation to develop practical core engineers. An education program starting at an early age and continuous and consistent educational agendas through seven years of college has been constructed in collaboration with regional organizations. Subjects relating to atomic energy or nuclear engineering were regrouped as “Subjects Related to Atomic Power Education” for most grades in each department. These subjects were included in the syllabus and the student guide book to emphasize a continuous and consistent policy throughout the seven-year period of college study, comprising the five-year system and the additional two-year advanced course. Furthermore, the content of lectures, experiments, and internships was enriched and realigned in collaboration with the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Okayama University, and Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Additional educational materials were developed from inspection visits by teaching staff to atomic energy facilities were also used in the classes. Two student experiment textbooks were developed to promote two of the subjects related to atomic energy: “Cloud Chamber Experiment” and “A Test of γ-ray Inverse Square Law.” In addition to the expansion and rearrangement of atomic power education, research on atomic power conducted for graduation thesis projects was undertaken to enhance educational and research activities. Some examples are as follows: “Study on the Relation between γ Dose Rate and Rainfall in Northern Okayama Area,” “Remote Sensing of Radiation Dose Rate by Customizing an Autonomous Robot,” and “Nuclear Reaction Analysis for Composition Measurement of BN Thin Films.” It should be noted that an atomic-energy-related education working group has been in place officially to continue the above activities in the college since 2011. In consequence, although government subsidy has been decreasing, both human and material resources have been enhanced, and many students with a satisfactory understanding of atomic energy are being developed. This program was partially funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan.
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Natsvaladze, Mamuka. "THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR AND CAUCASIAN OUTLINES OF THE GREAK PROJECT." In DÉBATS SCIENTIFIQUES ET ORIENTATIONS PROSPECTIVES DU DÉVELOPPEMENT SCIENTIFIQUE. European Scientific Platform, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/logos-01.10.2021.v2.26.
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Oliveira Neto, José Marcílio de, and Pablo Tavares Antunes Oliveira. "Teacher awareness of the use of games within the high school classroom." In V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-141.
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Currently, teachers observe the change in the profile of students as never before. This happens due to the speed of change, which worsened especially after the Second World War. Recently, enormous changes have occurred in society as a whole. It can be observed that changes have become intense, drastic and rapid, especially with the evolution of electronic machines, communication and technology. We live in a reality of increasingly rapid changes, where situations and events that took years to happen now occur in a few months or just a few days. We live in an environment most recently designated as VUCA which is an acronym for Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous .
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Altoé, Isadora Laguila, and Bruna Galan Gomes. "Comparative epidemiological analysis of dengue cases in the state of Paraná in 2023 and 2024." In IV Seven International Congress of Health. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeivsevenhealth-023.
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Introduction: Dengue is an acute febrile and infectious disease, which can manifest itself in a benign or severe form. It is caused by an arbovirus and is transmitted by Aedes aegypti. There are four serotypes: DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4. The main symptoms are high fever, myalgia, retro-orbital pain, headache and rash. Dengue is a challenge for public health and an epidemic, even in Paraná. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of documented probable cases of dengue fever in the state of Paraná, from January to December 2023 and January to April 2024. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative epidemiological study based on secondary data obtained from the Ministry of Health's Unified Health System Information Technology Department (DATASUS/MS). Results and Discussion: In the epidemiological year 2023, 211,022 probable cases of dengue were reported in Paraná. In 2024 (up to April this year), there were 421,455 cases, an increase of 99.72%. It can be inferred that the number of cases has practically doubled, with only 1/3 of the epidemiological year 2024 having elapsed. In 2023, 6,285 cases required hospitalization and in 2024, 14,192. Although the proportional increase was not significant (2023: 2.97%; 2024: 3.36%), more beds were needed, as there was an increase of almost 126%. In both 2023 and 2024, the northern macro-region was home to the majority of cases. However, the macro-region with the highest proportional increase was the northwest (2023: 15.05%; 2024: 21.19%). In 2023, 75.35% of cases progressed to cure and 0.06% to death. In 2024, 65.72% were cured and 0.05% died. It is therefore important to continuously monitor treatment and the quality of patient care. Conclusion: The need for constant monitoring of cases and prevention measures is emphasized, given that those affected by the arbovirus are steadily increasing compared to the previous year.
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Kindinov, Mikhail Alexandrovich. "FRENCH FACTOR IN RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY IN THE MID. XVIII CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SEVEN YEARS WAR 1756-1763)." In Историческая наука и историческое образование в условиях глобальных трансформаций. Екатеринбург: [б.и.], 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54351/978-5-7186-1774-0_2021_25_11.
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Kindinov, Mikhail Alexandrovich. "FRENCH FACTOR IN RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY IN THE MID. XVIII CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SEVEN YEARS WAR 1756-1763)." In Историческая наука и историческое образование в условиях глобальных трансформаций. Екатеринбург: [б.и.], 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26170/978-5-7186-1774-0_2021_25_11.
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Ananyeva, Nataliya. "Adventures of Ensign Klimov as a Model of 18th Century Memoirs." In Tenth Rome Cyril-Methodian Readings. Indrik, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/91674-576-4.01.
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The paper explores the polonisms and toponyms that func-tion in the memoirs of the junior offi cer of the Russian army Alexei Klimov, who was captured by the Prussian during the Seven Years War (1756–1763), who became a forced soldier of the Prussian army and spent more that thirty years in a foreign land. Memoirs of participants in hostilities – a popular genre of Slavic memoirs of 17–18th centures, which include, in particular, the Polish „Pamiętniki” of Jan Chrysostom Pasek.
Reports on the topic "Northern Seven Years' War"
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Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Isle Royale National Park. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295506.
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Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Isle Royale National Park (ISRO). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at ISRO in 2015. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. The monitoring program detected all seven species of frog and toad known to occur at ISRO in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Green Frog and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled, and Wood Frog at six sites. Gray Treefrog, Mink Frog, and Boreal Chorus Frog were found at only one or two sites each. Northern Leopard Frog has yet to be confirmed at ISRO in this GLKN monitoring program. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance (as opposed to occupancy) across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. There were no significant data collection issues in 2019. Three units stopped collecting data early but these data gaps did not compromise sampling rigor or analysis. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was often exceeded by 1 April in 2019, making 15 March a start date for data collection may be considered if park personnel feel snow and ice cover would be reduced enough by that date as well. We do recommend making sure that temperature logger solar shields in future are not hanging in such a manner as to be banging against anything in a breeze, as this contaminates the soundscape
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Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295512.
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Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at SLBE in 2013. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. The monitoring program detected five of the six species of frog and toad known to occur at SLBE in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Gray Treefrog, Green Frog and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled. Wood Frog was found at one new site, and Northern Leopard Frog was not confirmed in 2019 but was detected at five sites in 2018. There were no significant data collection issues in 2019 except for late deployment of SLBE11, which limited data analyses for this site. Remaining sites successfully collected data as programmed. Cumulative data collection result summaries since inception are provided in appendices. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was often exceeded by 1 April in 2019, making 15 March a start date for data collection may be considered if park personnel feel snow and ice cover would be reduced enough by that date as well.
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Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295509.
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Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PIRO). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at PIRO in 2013. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. The monitoring program detected five of the six species of frog and toad known to occur at PIRO in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Gray Treefrog, Green Frog, and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled. Wood Frog was found at five sites. Mink Frog is known to occur at Sand Point but has never been confirmed at sites monitored by this GLKN program. Additional species of potential occurrence remain hypothetical (i.e., Northern Leopard Frog). The only significant data collection issue in 2019 was at PIRO02, where the equipment recorded only intermittently resulting in only partial data analysis possible. Remaining sites successfully collected data as programmed. Cumulative program result summaries since inception are provided in appendices. Temperature logs in 2019 showed that the threshold of ≥40°F was uniformly exceeded by 1 May, hence we recommend making 10 April the target start date for data collection in future. This could be accomplished by fall deployment of recorders on delayed starts. We also recommend making sure that recorders are mounted 6–10 feet high to better survey the soundscape with less interference from foliage, and that temperature loggers be placed within solar shields.
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Casper, Gary, Stfani Madau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Mississippi National River and Recreation Area. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295507.
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Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Mississippi National River and Recreation Area (MISS). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at MISS in 2015. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. Eight of the nine species of frog and toad known to occur at MISS were found in 2019. The most well distributed species were Eastern American Toad, Gray Treefrog, Green Frog, and Northern Leopard Frog. Rarer are Blanchard’s Cricket Frog, Cope’s Gray Treefrog, Wood Frog, and Boreal Chorus Frog. American Bullfrog has not yet been detected on GLKN monitored sites but has been recently confirmed nearby (Pigs Eye Lake). Two of the ten sites—MISS02, MISS04—were not sampled in 2019 due to flooding, and occupancy of early calling species at MISS06 was determined inconclusive due to a late sampling start. MISS07 was also deployed late and results may contain some false absences due to late sampling. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance (as opposed to occupancy) across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. There were some data collection issues in 2019, with two ARS units not deployed and two others with late start dates. This did reduce our ability to assess some sites and species. Summaries of 2019 data are shown in Appendices A, B and C, and cumulative data collection result summaries are provided in Appendix E. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was already exceeded by 1 April in 2019, we recommend a 15 March start date for future data collection.
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Peitz, David, and Naomi Reibold. Bird community monitoring at George Washington Carver National Monu-ment, Missouri: Status report 2008–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287852.
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Breeding bird surveys were initiated on George Washington Carver National Monument, Missouri, in 2008 to assess temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of birds on the park and to improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as invasive plant species control and tree thinning, on bird populations. Birds were sampled using point counts with 70 variable circular plots located on a systematic grid of 100 x 100-m cells (originating from a random start point). All birds seen or heard on a plot during a 5-min sampling period were recorded. In the 13 years since initiating our breeding bird surveys on the park, birds were surveyed on as many of the 70 variable circular plots as possible each year, resulting in 520 cumulative plot visits. Surveys have yielded records for 100 different species of birds. Ninety-seven of the species recorded are classified as permanent or summer residents to the area, two are classified as transients in the area, and one as a winter resident to the area. Six breeding species recorded are considered species of conservation concern for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, the bird conservation region in which George Washington Carver National Monument is located. Of the 97 breeding species recorded, ten species in grassland habitat and six in woodland habitat occurred in numbers large enough to calculate annual abundances with some degree of confidence. Trends in abundance were classified as uncertain for most species, which means that there were no significant increases or decreases, but it is not certain that trends were < 5% per year. The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) in woodland habitat was stable. The Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) in grassland habitat was in moderate decline, and the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) in grassland habitat was in steep decline. Comparing population trends (i.e., changes in population size over time) on the park with regional trends for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region suggests that the bird community at George Washington Carver National Monument is faring similarly to that of the region as a whole. Trends in the park’s popula-tions of Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla) and Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) in grassland habitat and Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) in woodland habitat were uncertain, whereas they declined significantly in the larger region, which could be a result of management on George Washington Carver National Monument. Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) population trends, while uncertain in grassland habitat on the park, increased significantly in the region. The Red-bellied Woodpecker utilizes trees for foraging, which are sparse in the grassland habitat on the park. Declining diversity and richness values suggest that park habitat is declining in its ability to meet the requirements of many of the park’s breeding bird species. This decline in species richness could reflect habitat management practices, but it could also reflect the influences of larger-scale factors such as weather or climatic conditions on vegetation. Therefore, continued monitoring of birds and their habitats on George Washington Carver National Monument as management and weather and climatic conditions change is essential for park management.
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Whitaker, Stephen. Rocky intertidal community monitoring at Channel Islands National Park: 2018–19 annual report. National Park Service, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299674.
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Channel Islands National Park includes the five northern islands off the coast of southern California (San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa, and Santa Barbara Islands) and the surrounding waters out one nautical mile. There are approximately 176 miles of coastline around the islands, about 80% of which is composed of rock. The diversity and undisturbed nature of the tidepools of this rocky coastline were recognized as special features of the islands in the enabling legislation. To conserve these communities unimpaired for future generations, the National Park Service has been monitoring the rocky intertidal communities at the islands since 1982. Sites were established between 1982 and 1998. Site selection considered visitation, accessibility, presence of representative organisms, wildlife disturbance, and safety. This report summarizes the 2018–2019 sampling year efforts (from November 2018 to April 2019) and findings of the Channel Islands National Park Rocky Intertidal Community Monitoring Program. Specific monitoring objectives are 1) to determine the long-term trends in percent cover of key sessile organisms in the rocky intertidal ecosystem, and 2) to determine population dynamics of black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii), owl limpets (Lottia gigantea), and ochre sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus). Objectives were met by monitoring percent cover of core species in target intertidal zones using photoplots and transects, and by measuring size frequency and abundance of black abalone, owl limpets, and sea stars using fixed plots or timed searches. Twelve key species or assemblages, as well as the substrate, tar, have been monitored twice per year at 21 sites on the five park islands as part of the rocky intertidal community monitoring program. Fixed photoplots were used to monitor the percent cover of thatched and acorn barnacles (Tetraclita rubescens, Balanus glandula/Chthamalus spp., respectively), mussels (Mytilus californianus), rockweeds (Silvetia compressa, and Pelvetiopsis californica (formerly Hesperophycus californicus), turfweed (Endocladia muricata), goose barnacles (Pollicipes polymerus) and tar. Point-intercept transects were used to determine the percent cover of surfgrass (Phyllospadix spp.). Information about size distribution (i.e., “size frequency” data) was collected for owl limpets in circular plots. Size distribution and relative abundance of black abalone and ochre sea stars were determined using timed searches. The maximum number of shorebirds and pinnipeds seen at one time were counted at each site. The number of concession boat visitors to the Anacapa tidepools was collected and reported. All sites were monitored in 2018–2019. This was the third year that we officially reduced our sampling interval from twice per year (spring and fall) to once in order to streamline the program and allow for the implementation of additional protocols. Weather conditions during the site visits were satisfactory, but high wind coupled with strong swell and surge limited or prevented the completion of some of the abalone and sea star searches. The percent cover for most key species or assemblages targeted in the photoplots was highly variable among sites. Mussel (Mytilus californianus) cover remained below average at Anacapa and Santa Barbara Islands. Record or near record low abundances for Mytilus were measured at Middle West Anacapa (Anacapa Island), Harris Point (San Miguel Island), Prisoner’s Harbor (Santa Cruz Island), and Sea Lion Rookery (Santa Barbara Island) sites. The only site that appeared to have above average Mytilus cover was Scorpion Rock on Santa Cruz Island. All other sites had mussel cover near or below the long-term mean. Qualitatively, Mytilus recruitment appeared low at most sites. Both rockweed species, Silvetia compressa and Pelvetiopsis californica (formerly Hesperophycus californicus), continued to decrease markedly in abundance this year at the majority of sites compared to combined averages for previous years. Fossil Reef and Northwest-Talcott on Santa Rosa Island, Sea Lion Rookery on Santa Barbara Island, and South Frenchy’s Cove on Anacapa Island were the only sites that supported Silvetia cover that was near the long-term mean. No sites exhibited above average cover of rockweed. Extremely high levels of recruitment for Silvetia and Pelvetiopsis were documented at many sites. Most sites exhibited marked declines in S. compressa abundances beginning in the early 2000s, with little recovery observed for the rockweed through this year. Barnacle (Chthamalus/Balanus spp.) cover fell below the long-term means at all islands except Anacapa, where barnacle cover was slightly above average. Endocladia muricata abundances remained comparable to the grand mean calculated for previous years at Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa Islands, while cover of the alga decreased slightly below the long-term means at Anacapa and San Miguel Islands. Black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) abundances at the islands remain less than one percent of 1985 population levels. Zero abalone were found throughout the entire site at Landing Cove on Santa Barbara Island and South Frenchy’s Cove on Anacapa Island. Above average abundances relative to the long-term mean generated from post-1995 data were observed at all but five sites. Juvenile black abalone were seen at all islands except Santa Barbara. Ochre sea star (Pisaster ochraceus) populations crashed in 2014 at all monitoring sites due to Sea Star Wasting Syndrome, an illness characterized by a suite of symptoms that generally result in death. The mortality event was widely considered to be the largest mortality event for marine diseases ever seen. Beginning in June 2013, the disease swiftly and significantly impacted P. ochraceus (among other species of sea stars) populations along the North American Pacific coast from Alaska to Baja California, Mexico. By the beginning of 2014, P. ochraceus abundances had declined by >95% at nearly all Channel Islands long-term intertidal monitoring sites, in addition to numerous other locations along the West Coast. At various times during the past decade, extremely high abundances (~ 500 P. ochraceus) have been observed at multiple sites, and most locations have supported >100 sea stars counted during 30-minute site-wide searches. This year, abundances ranged 0–13 individuals per site with all but one site having fewer than 10 P. ochraceus seen during routine searches. Insufficient numbers of sea stars were seen to accurately estimate the size structure of P. ochraceus populations. Only two juveniles (i.e., <50 mm) were observed at all sites combined. Giant owl limpet densities in 2018–2019 were comparable or slightly above the long-term mean at seven sites. Exceptionally high densities were measured at Northwest-Talcott on Santa Rosa Island, Otter Harbor on San Miguel Island, and Willows Anchorage on Santa Cruz Island. The sizes of L. gigantea this year varied among sites and islands. The smallest L. gigantea were observed at Otter Harbor followed closely by Willows Anchorage and Anacapa Middle West, and the largest were seen at Northwest-Talcott. Temporally, the mean sizes of L. gigantea in 2018–2019 decreased below the long-term mean at each island except Anacapa. Surfgrasses (Phyllospadix spp.) are typically monitored biannually at two sites each on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands. Beginning in 2015, all transects at each of the monitoring sites were only sampled once per year. At East Point on Santa Rosa Island, the conditions were not conducive to sampling the surfgrass transects, but qualitatively, percent cover of surfgrass appeared to be near 100% on all three transects. Relative to past years, cover of surfgrass increased above the long-term mean at Fraser Cove on Santa Cruz Island, fell slightly below the mean at Trailer on Santa Cruz Island, and remained approximately equivalent to the mean at the two Santa Rosa Island sites. Overall, the abundance and diversity of shorebirds in 2018–2019 at all sites appeared similar to observations made in recent years, with the exception of elevated numbers of brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) observed at East Point on Santa Rosa Island. Black oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) were the most ubiquitous shorebird seen at all sites. Black turnstones (Arenaria melanocephala) were not common relative to past years. Pinniped abundances remained comparable in 2018–2019 to historical counts for all three species that are commonly seen at the islands. Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) were seen in the vicinity of eight sites this year. As in past years, harbor seals were most abundant at Otter Harbor and Harris Point on San Miguel Island. Elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) were seen at six sites during the year, where abundances ranged 1–5 individuals per location. California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) were common at Santa Barbara Island; 117 individuals were observed at Sea Lion Rookery. Sea lion abundances were higher than usual at Harris Point (N = 160) and Otter Harbor (N = 82) on San Miguel Island. Relative to past years, abundances this year were considered average at other locations.
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Weissinger, Rebecca. Evaluation of hanging-garden endemic-plant monitoring at Southeast Utah Group national parks, 2013–2020. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294868.
Full textAbstract:
Hanging gardens are the most common type of spring at Arches National Park (NP) and Natural Bridges National Monument (NM). They are also present at Canyonlands National Park, but hanging gardens are rare off the Colorado Plateau. Their cliffside setting provides stable access to water without flood disturbance. This combination provides unique habitat that is rich in endemic plant species. The diffuse, seeping emergence of water makes measuring springflow impossible at most sites. Park managers have an interest in monitoring hanging gardens—especially as the climate warms and aridity and water demand both increase. The Northern Colorado Plateau Net-work (NCPN) proposed methods for monitoring seven perennial endemic-plant species at hanging gardens as indicators of spring health and proxies for water availability. Because hanging gardens occur on bedrock outcrops, systematic or random sampling was not possible due to safety concerns and potential resource damage on steep, wet slopes. Examining eight years (2013–2020) of data, this report evaluates the suitability of endemic-plant count data at hanging gardens as a monitoring indicator. It also provides our first evaluation of status and trends at NCPN hanging gardens. The seven species included in monitoring were Rydberg’s thistle (Cirsium rydbergii), Kachina daisy (Erigeron kachinensis), alcove death camas (Zigadenus vaginatus), alcove bog orchid (Habenaria zothecina), cave primrose (Primula specuicola), alcove columbine (Aquilegia micrantha), and Eastwood’s monkeyflower (Mimulus eastwoodiae). Six of the seven species were found at each park. Up to 500 individuals of each species were counted at 42 hanging gardens in Arches NP, 14 hanging gardens in Natural Bridges NM, and 3 hanging gardens in Canyonlands NP. Larger populations were divided into count classes of 501–1,000, 1,001–10,000, and more than 10,000 individuals. Counts from two independent observers and from back-to-back years of sampling were compared for repeatability. Repeatability in count classes was less than 50% for Kachina daisy and Eastwood’s monkeyflower, which both propagate vegetatively via ramets and/or stolons. Repeatability was greater than 90% for only one species, Rydberg’s thistle. The remaining species were categorized in different classes between 15–40% of the time. Independent-observer comparisons were only available for 6.6% of the dataset, but these observations suggested that (1) observer bias was present and (2) the observer with more experience working in hanging gardens generally had higher counts than the observer with less experience in this system. Although repeatability was variable, it was within the range reported by other studies for most species. The NCPN, in discussion with park staff, has elected to make some modifications to the protocol but will continue using endemic plant counts as an indicator of hanging-garden health to maintain a biological variable as a complement to our physical-response data. This is due to their high value to park biodiversity and the difficulty of developing a more robust approach to monitoring in these sites. Endemic-plant monitoring will continue for the five species with the highest repeatability during pilot monitoring and will focus on detecting changes in smaller populations. Most hanging gardens have more than one endemic species present, so several populations can be tracked at each site. Our period of record is relatively brief, and the distribution of endemic-plant populations in different count classes at these sites has not yet shown any statistical trends over time. Be-cause of the large count classes, our methods are more sensitive to showing change in smaller populations (fewer than 500 individuals). Small populations are also of greatest concern to park managers because of their vulnerability to declines or extirpation due to drought. Over-all, more sites had endemic-plant populations of fewer than 100 individuals at the end...
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Davis, Molly. Plant community composition and structure monitoring at Scotts Bluff National Monument: 2022 data report. National Park Service, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295542.
Full textAbstract:
This report presents the results of vegetation monitoring efforts in 2022 at Scotts Bluff National Monument (SCBL) by the Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN) and Fire Ecology Program (NGPFire). NGPN began vegetation monitoring at SCBL in 2011, and this was the twelfth year of combined monitoring efforts between NGPN and NGPFire at SCBL. NGPN did not visit SCBL in 2020 or 2021 due to travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, NGPFire was able to do vegetation monitoring at SCBL during these two years. Crew members from NGPN visited eight long-term monitoring plots to collect data on the plant communities at SCBL. This work is part of a long-term monitoring effort designed to provide a better understanding of the condition of the vegetation community and how it changes over time. NGPN staff measured species richness, herb-layer height, native and non-native species abundance, ground cover, and site disturbance at each of the plots. In plots where woody species were present, tree regeneration, tall shrub density, tree density, and woody fuel loads were also measured. The NGPFire crew visited an additional seven plots in the Eagle Rock and North Platte burn units to better understand the effects of prescribed fire on vegetation. The NGPFire crew measured herb-layer height, native and non-native species abundance, ground cover, and site disturbance at each of the plots. The NGPFire crew conducted one prescribed fire in 2022, in the Eagle Rock burn unit, on April 25, 2022. In 2022, the monitoring crews identified 73 unique plant species in 15 monitoring plots. Of those species, 12 were exotic species. Two species considered rare in Nebraska were observed in the plots, including spotted fritillary, Fritillaria atropurpurea. At every plot except for two, the absolute cover of native species was greater than the absolute cover of exotic species. Monitoring crews collected tree regeneration data in three plots and found one species of seedling (chokecherry) and one species of adult tree (Rocky Mountain juniper). Ground disturbances, observed in fourteen of the fifteen plots, included animal use, prescribed fire, erosion, and soil disturbance
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Kopp, Gregory A., David Sills, Emilio S. Hong, and Joanne Kennell. Northern Tornadoes Project. Northern Tornadoes Flyover Project: Summary Technical Report of the Year 1 Pilot Study. Western Libraries, Western University, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/ntpr181.
Full textAbstract:
12 January 2018 The objectives of the Year 1 Pilot Study were to (i) develop a methodology for determining tornado occurrence in Northern Ontario, and (ii) obtain research quality data for at least one event. Because of the isolation of many regions, the approach assumed the use of radar data analysis combined with aerial surveys. These objectives were achieved. Aerial surveys were conducted for a total of seven events in Ontario and southern Quebec and 15 confirmed or probable tornadoes identified. Archival geo-tagged imagery was obtained for six of these events. Ten confirmed or probable tornadoes were identified in Ontario, five of which were not in the OSPC database. In addition, 5 tornadoes were confirmed in Quebec. For the 2017 season, the OSPC had a list of 10 verified tornadoes, as of December 21, 2017. The pilot project raises this number to 15. In total, 4 EF2 tornadoes and 1 EF3 tornado were identified via aerial photography. The remainder were EF1 or EF0. UPDATE – 23 April 2018 Based on the analysis of newly available Planet.com high-resolution satellite imagery and related tools, several events were reassessed and a number of additional tornadoes were discovered. Overall, an additional three tornadoes were added to 2017 count. The updated events are listed in a revised 2017 summary table appended at the end of this document.
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Kalen, Nicholas. Bats of Colonial National Historical Park following white-nose syndrome. National Park Service, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299226.
Full textAbstract:
I conducted bat surveys at Colonial National Historical Park to assess the status of bat communities following potential impacts of white-nose syndrome (WNS) since its arrival in Virginia in 2009. This disease, caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has severely reduced populations of several bat species in the eastern United States, threatening some with regional extirpation. In the East, most-affected species include the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), the federally-endangered northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) and Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) (USFWS 2007, USFWS 2022a), as well as the tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus), which has been proposed for endangered status (USFWS 2022b). I sampled sites in Yorktown and Jamestown Island with acoustic bat detectors from the spring of 2019 through the spring of 2021 and conducted capture surveys using mist nets in 2019 and 2021 to characterize seasonal occurrence of bat species with a focus on documenting WNS-imperiled species. Surveys also sought to document potential over-wintering of bats at COLO, especially northern long-eared bats, which occur year-round in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Acoustic results identified the presence of eleven bat species by echolocation calls: big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), southeastern bat (Myotis austroriparius), little brown bat, northern long-eared bat, Indiana bat, evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), tricolored bat, and Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). Acoustic results included diagnostic echolocation calls of little brown, northern long-eared, and Indiana bats, however, presence should be interpreted with caution due to similarities of call structures among Myotis spp. bats. Capture surveys documented seven species: big brown, eastern red, hoary, silver-haired, southeastern, evening, and tricolored bats. To examine habitat associations of bat species, I used generalized linear mixed models of a selection of variable candidates: habitat type, distance to water, minimum nightly temperature, and nightly precipitation to predict summer activity by significant predictors. Activity of hoary, silver-haired, little brown, evening, tricolored, and Mexican free-tailed bats was highest in open habitats. Big brown bat and Indiana bat identifications were most associated with forest habitats. Eastern red bat activity was high in both forest and open sites. Southeastern bat activity was highest in wetland sites and was largely confined to these habitats. Northern long-eared bat activity was not significantly different among habitat types. To examine seasonality in bat species occurrence, I modeled acoustic activity in passes/night by Julian date using generalized additive models. Activity of big brown, eastern red, hoary, little brown, northern long-eared, tricolored, evening, and Mexican free-tailed bats was highest during summer. Silver-haired bat activity was highest in March indicative of seasonal migration. Hoary and Mexican free-tailed bat also exhibited high activity on several nights in the spring suggestive of migratory movement. Dormant season results suggest some winter occurrence for all identified bat species except Indiana bats. Very few characteristic calls of northern long-eared bats were observed from December through February, suggesting they winter locally in far lower abundances than in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina to the south.