To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Northern Seven Years' War.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Northern Seven Years' War'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 44 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Northern Seven Years' War.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
WAGNER, MEGAN JENNIFER. "THE SEVEN YEARS WAR: GLOBAL CONFLICT AND THE COLONIAL PERSPECTIVE." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192269.
Full text
2
Skabelund, Andrew G. "Governing Gorée: France in West Africa Following the Seven Years' War." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3655.
Full textAbstract:
In 1763, France had just suffered a devastating loss to the British in the Seven Years' War. In almost an instant, France's claims to West Africa shrank to the tiny island of Gorée off the coast of Senegal and a few trading posts on the mainland. This drastic reversal of fortunes forced France to reevaluate its place in the world and rethink its overall imperial objectives and colonial strategies, and in an effort to regroup, the French Empire sent a new governor, Pierre François Guillaume Poncet de la Rivière, on a mission to regain its foothold in West Africa. From this tiny island, France eventually succeeded in overturning its devastating losses and establishing itself as the dominant force in the region over the next two centuries, so deeply ingraining its influence into the core of West Africa that its imperial influence is still felt today.Despite France's future success, Poncet's tenure as governor was fraught with mismanagement and poor planning. Poncet believed he had the full backing of the Duc de Choiseul, but Poncet's excessive zeal, inability to effectively employ and listen to subordinates, and rash interactions with the British undermined the French presence in the region and ultimately led to his dismissal. Poncet's governorship sheds new light on Choiseul's goals for the Senegambia region and his underestimation of what it took to establish a strong presence.
3
Magennis, Eoin. "Politics and government in Ireland during the Seven Years War, 1756-63." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363033.
Full text
4
Gee, Austin. "English provincial newspapers and the politics of the Seven Years' War, 1756-1763." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2091.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the treatment of the national political events of the Seven Years' War by six provincial newspapers. It seeks to establish the connections between the reporting of those political issues and provincial political opinion. In doing so, it attempts to answer whether there existed a distinctive provincial 'political consciousness'. Only comment and reporting in provincial newspapers on national issues is studied, with reference to the reaction of some London newspapers to the same issues. Local politics are dealt with only incidentally. It is argued that to understand the significance of newspaper comment it is first necessary to take account of the limitations of the evidence: the way the newspapers were produced, the audience for which they were intended, and the potential size and breadth of that audience. The conclusion is drawn that a picture of provincial political opinion, although a distorted one, can be formed from the contents of the newspapers. Those contents show that the six papers differed significantly from their metropolitan counterparts only in few instances, and that generally they presented what can be described as an 'opposition version of politics'. Nevertheless, signs of the emergence of provincial political independence are apparent in the provincial newspapers of the war period. It is suggested further that this growing articulacy points to the emergence of a distinctive provincial political identity. These conclusions add to the wider view of national politics in the l750s and l760s. There is evidence for the survival of
local political divisions on party lines in provincial cities at a time when it has been suggested party divisions had disappeared in high politics. Additionally, the evidence of the six newspapers supports the picture of the growth of a wider 'political nation' during the 1750s and its active and independent interest in political issues before the Wilkes and North American stamp tax controversies of the 1760s.
5
Ward, Matthew Charles. "La guerre sauvage: The Seven Years' War on the Virginia and Pennsylvania frontier." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623829.
Full textAbstract:
The Seven Years' War on the Virginia and Pennsylvania frontier was a devastating struggle. About two thousand colonists died, almost as many were captured, and tens of thousands fled for safety in the east. The British and their colonists proved unable to mount an effective military defence: colonial forces proved unfit for warfare in the frontier environment and military efforts resulted only in intense discord between civil and military authorities. as a result of the destruction of the raids both Virginia and Pennsylvania were unable to contribute to the war effort in the northern theater, on the St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain, and Acadia.;The French and their Indian allies achieved this success with few resources. The French were unable to commit over a few hundred men to the Ohio Valley, while the Indians experienced an acute shortage of arms and supplies caused by the disruption of their traditional trading network. to achieve their success the French and their Indian allies did not raid randomly, but with an intentional strategy and with specific targets.;The Indians who fought on both sides, fought, not as European pawns, but with their own specific war-aims: the Susquehanna Delawares sought independence from Iroquois overlordship; the Cherokees joined the Virginians in an attempt to break the South Carolinian control of their trade; the Ohio Indians struggled to keep European settlements out of the Ohio Valley.;Eventual success for the British in the theater was achieved not by the superiority of their forces in the theater--in each regular battle British troops were routed, at Fort Necessity, Braddock's Field, and Major Grant's defeat outside Fort Duquesne in 1758--but through attrition caused by British superiority in other theaters. In particular British naval superiority deprived the French, and in turn their Indian allies, of needed supplies.
6
Apthorp, Kirrily. "AS GOOD AS AN ARMY: Mapping Smallpox during the Seven Years’ War in North America." Thesis, Department of History, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7975.
Full textAbstract:
There is substantial evidence that smallpox was widespread in North American during the Seven Years’ War. However, there have been no attempts to determine the extent to which it occurred. This thesis will map outbreaks of smallpox from the beginning stages of the conflict in 1752 through to the close of the Anglo-Indian War in 1765. It aims to demonstrate the far-reaching nature of a smallpox epidemic that lasted the duration of the war, and during other periods of intense conflict. After a preliminary consideration of effects the epidemic had on the war, it is clear that future studies are required to determine its full impact.
7
Oliphant, John Stuart. "Great Britain and the Cherokee Nation : war and peace on the Anglo-Cherokee frontier 1756-1763." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265823.
Full text
8
Charters, Erica M. "Disease, war, and the imperial state : the health of the British armed forces during the Seven Years War, 1756-63." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440644.
Full text
9
Kasecamp, Emily Hager PhD. "COMPANY, COLONY, AND CROWN: THE OHIO COMPANY OF VIRGINIA, EMPIRE BUILDING, AND THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR, 1747-1763." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1574777293217054.
Full text
10
Wills, George. "'Not in Glorious Battle Slain’: Disease and Death in the Royal Navy’s Western Squadron during the Seven Years’ War." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35268.
Full textAbstract:
The Seven Years’ War represented a period of great mobilization of British sailors and soldiers. Not only did men need to be found to man the ships and garrison the forts in the Western Squadron and North America, but they also needed to be fed and kept healthy during the conflict. Due to poor living conditions aboard Royal Navy ships, expeditions to North America were met with disease that would drastically reduce the numbers of able seamen. This was compounded by demobilization that followed the War of the Austrian Succession, forcing the British forces to rely on impressment to augment their troop numbers. Though there was a concerted effort to take healthy men with seafaring knowledge, local magistrates and constabularies saw this as an opportunity to rid their towns of the unwanted, and the demands of manning an ever growing Navy forced the Admiralty to take the sick and infirm. British prisons during this time were rife with typhus and smallpox, and the guardships that the impressed men would travel to were also areas of infections. The Royal Navy vessels were typically overfilled with men, and the tight living conditions encouraged the diseases to spread, creating ships that were not a wartime asset, but a liability to arrive in friendly ports in North America. There, the infection would spread to the local population, causing continued manning problems for the British during the conflict, and strained relations between the Admiralty and local governors. The infected troops limited British military effectiveness, and threatened the success of operations, as seen in the delay of the siege of Louisbourg in 1757, and the defeat of the British forces outside Quebec City in 1760. The experience with disease within a wartime context allowed Britain’s emerging medical class to publish important research, leading to positive changes to shipboard hygiene and medicine by the end of the eighteenth century.
11
Camenzind, Krista. "From the holy experiment to the Paxton boys : violence, manhood, and race in Pennsylvania during the Seven Years' War /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3071053.
Full text
12
Yagi, George. "A study of Britain's military failure during the initial stages of the Seven Years' War in North America, 1754-1758." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438342.
Full text
13
Lynch, Robert John. "The Northern IRA and the early years of partition 1920-22." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1517.
Full textAbstract:
The years i 920-22 constituted a period of unprecedented conflct and political change in Ireland. It began with the onset of the most brutal phase of the War ofIndependence and culminated in the effective miltary defeat of the Republican IRA in the Civil War. Occurring alongside these dramatic changes in the south and west of Ireland was a far more fundamental conflict in the north-east; a period of brutal sectarian violence which marked the early years of partition and the establishment of Northern Ireland. Almost uniquely the IRA in the six counties were involved in every one of these conflcts and yet it can be argued was on the fringes of all of them. The period i 920-22 saw the evolution of the organisation from a peripheral curiosity during the War of independence to an idealistic symbol for those wishing to resolve the fundamental divisions within the Sinn Fein movement which developed in the first six months of i 922. The story of the Northern IRA's collapse in the autumn of that year demonstrated dramatically the true nature of the organisation and how it was their relationship to the various protagonists in these conflcts, rather than their unceasing but fruitless war against partition, that defined its contribution to the Irish revolution.
14
Downing, Brandon C. "“`An Extream Bad Collection of Broken Innkeepers, Horse Jockeys, and Indian Traders’: How Anarchy, Violence, and Resistance in Eighteenth-Century Pennsylvania Transformed Provincial Society”." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1423580910.
Full text
15
Weyant, Thomas Bradley. ""Your Years Here Have Been Most Unreal": Political and Social Activism during the Vietnam War Era at Northern Appalachian Universities." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1459955464.
Full text
16
Shovlin, Ian David. "Overseas violence and the Seven Years' War : alleged atrocities committed by non-Europeans as a subject for public discussion in British news commentary, 1754-1764." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12740/.
Full textAbstract:
This study re-examines British press coverage of violent overseas episodes that took place in North America and India during the Seven Years' War, 1754-1764. Focussing on news commentary relating to alleged atrocities committed by non-European forces, this research explores the complex public dialogue that emerged in the immediate aftermath of those circumstances. Acts of perceived savagery instigated by native populations against Britons living or stationed overseas, became a prominent and lucrative source of material for the mid-eighteenth century news industry. Press attention afforded to events such as the British defeat at Monongahela in 1755, the Black Hole of Calcutta in 1756, or the massacre at Patna in 1763, satisfied a growing appetite for macabre tales of suffering inflicted upon Britons on the world stage. They also served, however, as discursive platforms for commentators to promote their own, often critical, views concerning issues associated with territorial expansion overseas. Whereas existing studies have mainly approached this area from a post-Seven Years' War perspective, by focussing on the dynamic and distinctive news polemic produced during the conflict itself, this research shows the period 1754-1764 to be more than just a precursor for a later culture of public engagement.
17
Parr, Adam. "John Clarke's 'Military Institutions of Vegetius' and Joseph Amiot's 'Art Militaire des Chinois' : translating classical military theory in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1485839/.
Full textAbstract:
Following the Seven Years’ War, John Clarke, a British Marine, and Joseph Amiot, a French ex-Jesuit missionary in Peking, translated two classical texts on military theory, respectively Vegetius’ Epitoma Rei Militaris and the Sunzi bingfa: the two texts that formed the model for subsequent writing on the art of war within their respective traditions. While the translators were half a world apart, their literary projects were a common response to inter-related events: in both cases, an attempt to bolster the author’s personal position, promote his profession and demonstrate the utility of both. The connections between the men offer the opportunity for comparative historical and textual analysis that throws light on the military and political developments of the late Enlightenment. The translators selected the source texts for their relevance to their audience and to the strategic dilemmas faced by Britain and France. For Clarke, these included empire, the professionalization of the army and the strategic role of the monarch. For Amiot, social stability, the monarchy and France’s prestige. Clarke’s personal goals were achieved but his thinking on the professionalization and use of the army was not to be heeded until after the American Revolution. Amiot’s work was co-opted into the narrative of political reform that led to the French Revolution. In view of these political, military and literary developments, it is no coincidence that the Epitoma and the Sunzi were brought together in France in the 1770s with the first attempts to articulate and define the term ‘strategy’. This research combines textual readings, comparative analysis and consideration of new primary materials and existing scholarship. The resulting study proposes new insights into the way political, military and literary ideas and events coalesced in the aftermath of the first global war; and the role of translation in the genre of military theory.
18
West, Jenny. "The supply of gunpowder to the ordnance office in the mid-eighteenth century : with specific reference to supply, distribution, and legislation during the Seven Years War." Thesis, University of London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287083.
Full text
19
McLeod, Anne Byrne. "The mid-eighteenth century navy from the perspective of Captain Thomas Burnett and his peers." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/120046.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the concerns of mid-eighteenth century naval captains through the careers of Captain Thomas Burnett and the cohort of thirty five officers who were posted captain in 1757 soon after the start of the Seven Years' War. A subsidiary cohort, that of the 129 lieutenants who were, like Burnett, first commissioned in 1744 is used as a control against which to measure the statistical worth of the smaller cohort. Examination of the day to day concerns of the captains has been made possible through the rich and varied resource of their letters to the Admiralty, which have hitherto been little used as a source by historians. Despite the formality of these letters not merely the concerns but also the personalities and characters of the writers are vividly conveyed. After tracing the career of Thomas Burnett this thesis examines the 1757 cohort and its progression to the rank of master and commander. At this point the correspondence with the Admiralty begins. The influences, 'interest' and formative experiences behind their appointments are considered. The duties of the mid-eighteenth century captain are outlined, as their relationship with the Admiralty is analysed and the extent to which they were kept under strict Admiralty control by precedent and financial scrutiny is demonstrated. All aspects of manning are shown to dominate the daily concerns of captains. The extent to which 'interest' or chance gave them the opportunity to display their professional expertise and increase their standing within the active naval corps is weighed. Tracking this cohort beyond the war into the years of peace and subsequent wars has revealed the extent to which the timing of being made post captain was crucial and that 'interest' was more significant than merit in accelerating and promoting active careers.
20
Karhapää, Henna Veera. "Graphic satire and the rise and fall of the First British Empire : political prints from the Seven Years' War to the Treaty of Paris, c. 1756-1783." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7509/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the early stages of the transformation of emblematic political prints into political caricature from the beginning of the Seven Years' War (1756) to the Treaty of Paris, which ended the American Revolutionary War (1783). Both contextual and iconographical issues are investigated in relation to the debates occasioned by Britain's imperial project, which marked a period of dramatic expansion during the Seven Years' War, and ended with the loss of the American colonies, consequently framing this thesis as a study of political prints during the rise and fall of the so-called 'First British Empire'. Previous studies of eighteenth-century political prints have largely ignored the complex and lengthy evolutionary process by which the emblematic mode amalgamated with caricatural representation, and have consequently concluded that political prints excluded emblems entirely by the end of the 1770s. However, this study emphasizes the significance of the Wilkite movement for the promotion and preservation of emblems, and investigates how pictorial political argument was perceived and received in eighteenth-century British society, arguing that wider tastes and opinions regarding the utilization of political prints gradually shifted to accept both modes of representation. Moreover, the marketplace, legal status, topicality, and manufacturing methods of political prints are analyzed in terms of understanding the precarious nature of their consumption and those that endeavoured to engage in political printmaking. The evolution, establishment, and subsequent appropriation of pictorial tropes is discussed from the early modern period to the beginning of the so-called Golden Age of caricature, while tracing the adaptation of representational models in American colonial prints that employed emblems already entrenched in British pictorial political debate. Political prints from the two largest print collections, the British Museum and the Lewis Walpole Library at Yale are consulted, along with a number of eighteenth-century newspapers and periodicals, to develop the earlier research by M. Dorothy George, Charles Press, Herbert Atherton, Diana Donald, Amelia Rauser, and Eirwen Nicholson.
21
Martin, Nicola. "The cultural paradigms of British imperialism in the militarisation of Scotland and North America, c.1745-1775." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28516.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines militarisation in Scotland and North America from the Jacobite Uprising of 1745-46 to the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in 1775. Employing a biographical, case study approach, it investigates the cultural paradigms guiding the actions and understandings of British Army officers as they waged war, pacified hostile peoples, and attempted to assimilate 'other' population groups within the British Empire. In doing so, it demonstrates the impact of the Jacobite Uprising on British imperialism in North America and the role of militarisation in affecting the imperial attitudes of military officers during a transformative period of imperial expansion, areas underexplored in the current historiography. It argues that militarisation caused several paradigm shifts that fundamentally altered how officers viewed imperial populations and implemented empire in geographical fringes. Changes in attitude led to the development of a markedly different understanding of imperial loyalty and identity. Civilising savages became less important as officers moved away from the assimilation of 'other' populations towards their accommodation within the empire. Concurrently, the status of colonial settlers as Britons was contested due to their perceived disloyalty during and after the French and Indian War. 'Othering' colonial settlers, officers questioned the sustainability of an 'empire of negotiation' and began advocating for imperial reform, including closer regulation of the thirteen colonies. And, as the colonies appeared to edge closer to rebellion, those officers drew upon prior experiences in Scotland and North America to urge the military pacification of a hostile population group to ensure imperial security. Militarisation, therefore, provides important insights into how cultural imperialism was implemented in Scotland and how it was transferred and adapted to North America. Further, it demonstrates the longer-term interactions and understandings that influenced transformations in eighteenth-century imperial policy.
22
Hanke, René. "Brühl und das Renversement des alliances : die antipreußische Außenpolitik des Dresdener Hofes 1744-1756 /." Berlin [u.a.] : Lit, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015468625&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full text
23
Wallace, Jessica Lynn. ""Building Forts in Their Heart": Anglo-Cherokee Relations on the Mid-Eighteenth-Century Southern Frontier." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1404334391.
Full text
24
Towne, Erik L. "“British in Thought and Deed:” Henry Bouquet and the Making of Britain’s American Empire." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1213231212.
Full text
25
Marston, Daniel P. "Swift and bold : the 60th Regiment and warfare in North America, 1755-1765." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29505.pdf.
Full text
26
Franklin, Marianne. "Blood and water; the archaeological excavation and historical analysis of the Wreck of the Industry, a North-American transport sloop chartered by the British army at the end of the Seven Years' War: British colonial navigation and trade to supply Spanish Florida in the eighteenth century." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3304.
Full textAbstract:
In the 10-mer RNA duplex model system a 4-isocyano TEMPO spin-label is individually attached to one strand and two strands are annealed to measure distances. This methodology is limited to systems in which two oligonucleotides are annealed together. To circumvent this limitation and also to explore single-strand dynamics a new methodology was implemented, double spin-labeling. Double spin-labeled single-stranded RNA was investigated as a single-strand and within a duplex via MALDI-TOF-MS, EPR spectroscopy and RP-HPLC. A double spin-labeling strategy in this work will be applicable to large complex RNAs like Group I intron of Tetrahymena thermophilia. Captain Daniel Lawrence, was one of four sloops detailed to serve as a transport to
supply the British Florida garrisons. The Industry ran aground on the bar outside of
St. Augustine's harbour on May 6, 1764. The transport was carrying six-pound
cannons, ammunition and artificer's tools.
Further investigation of documents describing eighteenth-century trade and
shipping to St. Augustine led to the discovery that the Lawrence family of sea
captains provided a vital link between British New York and Spanish St. Augustine.
An examination of the materials recovered from Site 8SJ3478 sheds light on exactly
what a particular vessel carried during a period of transition in Florida's history.
27
Mézin-Bourgninaud, Véronique. "Les gouverneurs des colonies sous l’administration royale, de 1763 à 1792." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040089.
Full textAbstract:
Le personnel des gouverneurs des colonies sous la période royale regroupe les gouverneurs généraux et particuliers qui administrent les colonies françaises de 1763 à 1792 sous l’autorité de la couronne. Le gouverneur est un homme de guerre, choisis par le ministre de la Marine et nommé par le roi. Il s’agit pour lui de défendre un empire, de contrôler les pratiques locales et de veiller à l’exécution des lois du royaume. La nature de la charge et l’étendue des pouvoirs s’adaptent aux circonstances locales, sans oublier la personnalité et l’envergure du titulaire, sa position sociale, les cumuls de fonctions dont il peut bénéficier. Si la place de premier personnage de la colonie, l’appartenance à l’élite administrative et la prérogative de représentant du roi laissent supposer un poste brillant, la réalité est moins reluisante. L’autorité du gouverneur est affaiblie par de nombreux obstacles à un exercice efficace du pouvoir. Le gouverneur tente d’asseoir sa puissance sur d’autres marqueurs distinctifs, mais la réalité de la charge reste peu enviable, faite d’un mélange d’insalubrité et de déplacements, en proie à la méfiance des élites locales ou des autres administrateurs métropolitains. Les compensations financières et l’argument de promettre une place plus avantageuse après le gouvernement sont de plus en plus illusoires au fur et à mesure que le climat se complique à l’approche de la Révolution. La charge de gouverneur des colonies, poste de passage dans une carrière à forte dimension coloniale, est une charge isolée des cercles d’influence de la cour, atypique dans son recrutement et limitée dans les perspectives de carrière qu’elle offre à la fin du XVIIIe siècleThe executive staff of colonial governors under royal period comprises governors-general and individuals who rule the French colonies from 1763 to 1792 by appointment of the crown. The governor is a man of war, appointed by the King on the advice of the Navy Minister. It is for him to defend an Empire, to control local customs and to enforce royal laws. The importance of the position and the range of power that comes with it depend on local circumstances, not to mention the personality and the scale of the holder, his social ranking, and the combining of functions he can benefit from. If being the ruler of the colony, being part of the administrative elite and representing the King suggest both a prestigious and exotic job, reality is less rosy. The governor's authority has to face numerous obstacles, which results in the weakening of the effective ruling of the country. The governor tries to assert power over other distinctive markers, however the office remains unenviable, as it implies squalor and constant travel and is plagued by distrust of local elites or other metropolitan administrators. The financial perks and the promise of a more prestigious position after serving as Colonial governor are increasingly unrealistic as the French Revolution approaches. The office of Colonial governor, one of several steps in a colonial career, is actually isolated from the power and influence which rule the court, atypical in its appointment and provides very few career opportunities
28
Ternat, François. "Inscrire la paix dans les espaces lointains. Histoire diplomatique d’un entre-deux-guerres : les négociations franco-britanniques de 1748 à 1756." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040247.
Full textAbstract:
Guerres et paix ont jalonné le duel franco-britannique, une des trames essentielles des relations internationales au XVIIIe siècle. Or c’est ce même siècle des Lumières qui a célébré l’idée d’équilibre européen, d’équilibre des puissances, pour limiter les conflits et « préserver la paix ». Le présent travail se situe pendant la courte période de paix qui sépare deux conflits européens majeurs où s’affrontèrent la Grande-Bretagne et la France, la guerre de Succession d’Autriche (1740-1748) et la guerre de Sept Ans (1756-1763). Il s’agit d’étudier, au milieu du siècle, les pratiques de la paix, utilisées ou révélées à l’occasion des négociations franco-anglaises sur les limites territoriales étendues aux espaces maritimes et coloniaux, et de s’interroger sur les représentations diplomatiques et les visions géostratégiques du monde qui guidèrent, à la cour de Versailles comme à celle de Saint-James, l’action politique des diplomates dans la sphère colonialeThe Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle which ended the War of Austrian Succession in 1748 threw into relief the linkage between the europeans and colonial issues. It returned the european claims in North America and in the West Indies to the statu quo ante bellum settled by the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713. A boundary commission was established to study the claims, to determine what areas were considered as belonging to the British or to the French Crowns, and to define clear boundaries separating the colonial dominions. Not solely episode of the Anglo-French rivalry, these inter-war years took place in the middle of the Age of Enlightenment, which celebrated the idea of balance of powers. Despite their failure, these negotiations could be envisaged as attempts to regulate colonial and maritime disputes by international agreements and as experiences by both Courts of a far diplomacy
29
Genêt, Stéphane. "Renseignement militaire et actions secrètes de la guerre de succession d’Autriche au traité de Paris (1740-1763)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040174.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail aborde la question du renseignement militaire de la guerre de succession d’Autriche (1740) au traité de Paris (1763). Le renseignement militaire est d’abord replacé dans la réflexion stratégique de la période qui l’évoque peu tout en soulignent paradoxalement l’importance pour les armées. Les différentes sources de l’information militaire constituent la seconde partie. L’espion d’armée, figure méconnue de la période joue un rôle quotidien auprès des armées d’Ancien Régime. Situé à la marge de la société civile et de la sphère militaire, attiré par le gain mais aussi par le goût de l’aventure, une reconnaissance sociale ou incité par un patriotisme naissant, l’espion prend des risques pour satisfaire un commanditaire. La troisième partie s’intéresse au secret militaire, difficile à préserver et dévoilé dans une logique de réseau, à différentes échelles et selon des organisations plus ou moins complexes. L’espion s’inscrit dans un rapport personnel avec un supérieur dont il est le « client ». L’étude s’intéresse dans un dernier temps à la transmission et la protection du renseignement obtenu. Les risques sont divers (interception postale mais surtout espions ennemis). La conclusion pose la question de l’efficacité du renseignement militaire, peu décisif du fait des contraintes logistiques et de la méfiance généralisée sur les informations et sur les acteurs qui les collectent. Dans une période de structuration de l’armée et de centralisation du pouvoir politique, le renseignement militaire oppose un fonctionnement décentralisé. La nécessité d’une information fiable entraîne une militarisation des civils, transformant ces derniers en auxiliaires de renseignementThis work tackles the question of the military intelligence from the war of Austrian succession (1740) to the treaty of Paris (1763). The military intelligence is initially replaced in the strategic thinking of the period which evokes it little while paradoxically highlighting its importance for the armies. The various sources of military information are the second part. The army Spy, unrecognized figure of the period, plays a daily role within the armies of the Ancien Regime. Located at the margins of society and the military sphere, attracted by profit but also by the sense of adventure, social recognition or induced by a nascent patriotism, the spy takes risks to satisfy a sleeping partner. The third part focuses on the military secret, hard to preserve and unveiled in logic of networks, at different scales and in a more or less complex organizations. The spy takes part of a personal relationship with a supervisor whom he is the "client." The study examines in a final time the transmission and protection of information obtained. The risks are varied (postal interception but especially enemy spies). The conclusion raises the question of the effectiveness of the military information, not very decisive because of the logistic constraints and widespread distrust about information and the actors who collect them. In a period of structuring of the army and centralization of political power, military intelligence is in contrary a decentralized operation. The need for reliable information leads to a militarization of civilians, transforming them into auxiliary information
30
Mézin-Bourgninaud, Véronique. "Les gouverneurs des colonies sous l’administration royale, de 1763 à 1792." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040089.
Full textAbstract:
Le personnel des gouverneurs des colonies sous la période royale regroupe les gouverneurs généraux et particuliers qui administrent les colonies françaises de 1763 à 1792 sous l’autorité de la couronne. Le gouverneur est un homme de guerre, choisis par le ministre de la Marine et nommé par le roi. Il s’agit pour lui de défendre un empire, de contrôler les pratiques locales et de veiller à l’exécution des lois du royaume. La nature de la charge et l’étendue des pouvoirs s’adaptent aux circonstances locales, sans oublier la personnalité et l’envergure du titulaire, sa position sociale, les cumuls de fonctions dont il peut bénéficier. Si la place de premier personnage de la colonie, l’appartenance à l’élite administrative et la prérogative de représentant du roi laissent supposer un poste brillant, la réalité est moins reluisante. L’autorité du gouverneur est affaiblie par de nombreux obstacles à un exercice efficace du pouvoir. Le gouverneur tente d’asseoir sa puissance sur d’autres marqueurs distinctifs, mais la réalité de la charge reste peu enviable, faite d’un mélange d’insalubrité et de déplacements, en proie à la méfiance des élites locales ou des autres administrateurs métropolitains. Les compensations financières et l’argument de promettre une place plus avantageuse après le gouvernement sont de plus en plus illusoires au fur et à mesure que le climat se complique à l’approche de la Révolution. La charge de gouverneur des colonies, poste de passage dans une carrière à forte dimension coloniale, est une charge isolée des cercles d’influence de la cour, atypique dans son recrutement et limitée dans les perspectives de carrière qu’elle offre à la fin du XVIIIe siècleThe executive staff of colonial governors under royal period comprises governors-general and individuals who rule the French colonies from 1763 to 1792 by appointment of the crown. The governor is a man of war, appointed by the King on the advice of the Navy Minister. It is for him to defend an Empire, to control local customs and to enforce royal laws. The importance of the position and the range of power that comes with it depend on local circumstances, not to mention the personality and the scale of the holder, his social ranking, and the combining of functions he can benefit from. If being the ruler of the colony, being part of the administrative elite and representing the King suggest both a prestigious and exotic job, reality is less rosy. The governor's authority has to face numerous obstacles, which results in the weakening of the effective ruling of the country. The governor tries to assert power over other distinctive markers, however the office remains unenviable, as it implies squalor and constant travel and is plagued by distrust of local elites or other metropolitan administrators. The financial perks and the promise of a more prestigious position after serving as Colonial governor are increasingly unrealistic as the French Revolution approaches. The office of Colonial governor, one of several steps in a colonial career, is actually isolated from the power and influence which rule the court, atypical in its appointment and provides very few career opportunities
31
Ternat, François. "Inscrire la paix dans les espaces lointains. Histoire diplomatique d’un entre-deux-guerres : les négociations franco-britanniques de 1748 à 1756." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040247.
Full textAbstract:
Guerres et paix ont jalonné le duel franco-britannique, une des trames essentielles des relations internationales au XVIIIe siècle. Or c’est ce même siècle des Lumières qui a célébré l’idée d’équilibre européen, d’équilibre des puissances, pour limiter les conflits et « préserver la paix ». Le présent travail se situe pendant la courte période de paix qui sépare deux conflits européens majeurs où s’affrontèrent la Grande-Bretagne et la France, la guerre de Succession d’Autriche (1740-1748) et la guerre de Sept Ans (1756-1763). Il s’agit d’étudier, au milieu du siècle, les pratiques de la paix, utilisées ou révélées à l’occasion des négociations franco-anglaises sur les limites territoriales étendues aux espaces maritimes et coloniaux, et de s’interroger sur les représentations diplomatiques et les visions géostratégiques du monde qui guidèrent, à la cour de Versailles comme à celle de Saint-James, l’action politique des diplomates dans la sphère colonialeThe Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle which ended the War of Austrian Succession in 1748 threw into relief the linkage between the europeans and colonial issues. It returned the european claims in North America and in the West Indies to the statu quo ante bellum settled by the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713. A boundary commission was established to study the claims, to determine what areas were considered as belonging to the British or to the French Crowns, and to define clear boundaries separating the colonial dominions. Not solely episode of the Anglo-French rivalry, these inter-war years took place in the middle of the Age of Enlightenment, which celebrated the idea of balance of powers. Despite their failure, these negotiations could be envisaged as attempts to regulate colonial and maritime disputes by international agreements and as experiences by both Courts of a far diplomacy
32
Genêt, Stéphane. "Renseignement militaire et actions secrètes de la guerre de succession d’Autriche au traité de Paris (1740-1763)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2010. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2010PA040174.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail aborde la question du renseignement militaire de la guerre de succession d’Autriche (1740) au traité de Paris (1763). Le renseignement militaire est d’abord replacé dans la réflexion stratégique de la période qui l’évoque peu tout en soulignent paradoxalement l’importance pour les armées. Les différentes sources de l’information militaire constituent la seconde partie. L’espion d’armée, figure méconnue de la période joue un rôle quotidien auprès des armées d’Ancien Régime. Situé à la marge de la société civile et de la sphère militaire, attiré par le gain mais aussi par le goût de l’aventure, une reconnaissance sociale ou incité par un patriotisme naissant, l’espion prend des risques pour satisfaire un commanditaire. La troisième partie s’intéresse au secret militaire, difficile à préserver et dévoilé dans une logique de réseau, à différentes échelles et selon des organisations plus ou moins complexes. L’espion s’inscrit dans un rapport personnel avec un supérieur dont il est le « client ». L’étude s’intéresse dans un dernier temps à la transmission et la protection du renseignement obtenu. Les risques sont divers (interception postale mais surtout espions ennemis). La conclusion pose la question de l’efficacité du renseignement militaire, peu décisif du fait des contraintes logistiques et de la méfiance généralisée sur les informations et sur les acteurs qui les collectent. Dans une période de structuration de l’armée et de centralisation du pouvoir politique, le renseignement militaire oppose un fonctionnement décentralisé. La nécessité d’une information fiable entraîne une militarisation des civils, transformant ces derniers en auxiliaires de renseignementThis work tackles the question of the military intelligence from the war of Austrian succession (1740) to the treaty of Paris (1763). The military intelligence is initially replaced in the strategic thinking of the period which evokes it little while paradoxically highlighting its importance for the armies. The various sources of military information are the second part. The army Spy, unrecognized figure of the period, plays a daily role within the armies of the Ancien Regime. Located at the margins of society and the military sphere, attracted by profit but also by the sense of adventure, social recognition or induced by a nascent patriotism, the spy takes risks to satisfy a sleeping partner. The third part focuses on the military secret, hard to preserve and unveiled in logic of networks, at different scales and in a more or less complex organizations. The spy takes part of a personal relationship with a supervisor whom he is the "client." The study examines in a final time the transmission and protection of information obtained. The risks are varied (postal interception but especially enemy spies). The conclusion raises the question of the effectiveness of the military information, not very decisive because of the logistic constraints and widespread distrust about information and the actors who collect them. In a period of structuring of the army and centralization of political power, military intelligence is in contrary a decentralized operation. The need for reliable information leads to a militarization of civilians, transforming them into auxiliary information
33
Rode, Iris de. "Francois-Jean de Chastellux (1734-1788) : un soldat philosophe dans le monde atlantique à l’époque des Lumières." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080080.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse biographique étudie le rôle du chevalier puis marquis François-Jean de Chastellux dans la diffusion transatlantique des idées et des pratiques des Lumières entre son départ pour l’Amérique en 1780 et sa mort en 1788. Dans notre recherche la phase antérieure à la « période atlantique » de Chastellux est incluse, pour permettre de mieux saisir les origines de ses échanges. Pour l’analyse de son rôle, nous avons emprunté des outils d’analyse de la théorie des transferts culturels. Pour cette étude nous nous sommes principalement basés sur ses archives privées inédites. Dans celle-ci nous montrons que Chastellux est un exemple de soldat-philosophe du dix-huitième siècle. Par sa famille maternelle, il était, dès son plus jeune âge, familier avec la mouvance des Lumières. Il a appliqué certaines idées sur l’égalité et le bonheur au sein de son régiment pendant et après la guerre de Sept Ans. En parallèle, il évoluait comme un « homme de lettres », membre de l’Académie française, qui s’était donné comme mission de diffuser le plus de « lumières » possible dans son réseau composé de la haute aristocratie, l’armée et de la République des Lettres. En 1780, pendant « l’expédition particulière » en Amérique, Chasttellux était le major général de l’armée franco-américaine dans la guerre d’Indépendance américaine. En tant que soldat-philosophe, il était à même de remplir cette mission également outre-Atlantique. Après la guerre, alors qu’il est rentré à Paris, Chastellux, maintenant marquis, est resté en contact avec des américains. Chastellux servait ainsi d’intermédiaire entre la France et l’Amérique jusqu’à sa mort soudaine en 1788This dissertation studies the role of François-Jean de Chastellux in the spread of enlightened ideas and practices in the Atlantic world between 1780 and 1788, his departure from France to America until his death. Our research covers much of his life before this "Atlantic period", to examine the origins of his transatlantic exchanges. As a result, we have written a biography of Chastellux and made use of tools of the theory of cultural transfers. We have had access to the private, unpublished, archive of Chastellux, which contains over 4000 folios. Based on this material, we are able to demonstrate that he was an example of a soldier-philosopher. Because of his family background, he became familiar with Enlightenment thinking. Thereafter, when entering the French army, he applied several Enlightenment ideas within his own regiment during and after the Seven Years War, and thus represented the "Military Enlightenment". In parallel, he evolved into a man of letters and was elected to the Académie Française. He conceived his mission in life as the duty to disseminate enlightened ideas and practices throughout his network, composed of members of the French court, the army and philosophers. In 1780, during the American War of Independence, he served as a major general. As a soldier-philosopher, he was in a position to accomplish his mission in America. After the war, back in Paris, the now marquis Chastellux stayed in touch with Americans. By his correspondence and publications Chastellux played a role as a bridge between France and America, until he died, in 1788
34
Bollettino, Maria Alessandra. "Slavery, war, and Britain's Atlantic empire : black soldiers, sailors, and rebels in the Seven Years' War." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-12-543.
Full textAbstract:
This work is a social and cultural history of the participation of enslaved and free Blacks in the Seven Years’ War in British America. It is, as well, an intellectual history of the impact of Blacks’ wartime actions upon conceptions of race, slavery, and imperial identity in the British Atlantic world. In addition to offering a fresh analysis of the significance of Britain’s arming of Blacks in the eighteenth century, it represents the first sustained inquiry into Blacks’ experience of this global conflict. It contends that, though their rhetoric might indicate otherwise, neither race nor enslaved status in practice prevented Britons from arming Blacks. In fact, Blacks played the most essential role in martial endeavors precisely where slavery was most fundamental to society. The exigencies of worldwide war transformed a local reliance upon black soldiers for the defense of particular colonies into an imperial dependence upon them for the security of Britain’s Atlantic empire. The events of the Seven Years’ War convinced many Britons that black soldiers were effective and even indispensable in the empire’s tropical colonies, but they also confirmed that not all Blacks could be trusted with arms. This work examines “Tacky’s revolt,” during which more than a thousand slaves exploited the wartime diffusion of Jamaica’s defensive forces to rebel, as a battle of the Seven Years’ War. The experience of insecurity and insurrection during the conflict caused some Britons to question the imperial value of the institution of slavery and to propose that Blacks be transformed from a source of vulnerability as slaves to the key to the empire’s strength in the southern Atlantic as free subjects. While martial service offered some Blacks a means to gain income, skills, a sense of satisfaction, autonomy, community, and even (though rarely) freedom, the majority of Blacks did not personally benefit from their contributions to the British war effort. Despite the pragmatic martial antislavery rhetoric that flourished postwar, in the end the British armed Blacks to perpetuate slavery, not to eradicate it, and an ever more regimented reliance upon black soldiers became a lasting legacy of the Seven Years’ War.text
35
Flannery, Kristie Patricia. "Loyalty, disobedience, and the myth of the Black Legend in the Philippines during the Seven Years War." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26397.
Full textAbstract:
This paper interrogates the nature of loyalty and disloyalty to Spain in the Philippines during the British occupation of Manila in 1762-1764. It examines the identity and motivations of the thousands of soldiers who joined Simón de Anda’s army that mobilized against the British invaders, as well the Indigenous people who rose up in rebellion in the provinces to the north of Manila during this period, in order to preserve Spanish colonial rule. It also considers the nature of infidelity to Spain in the occupied Philippines. This paper argues that, in a large part due to the cohesiveness of Catholicism among converted Indians, the Spanish empire in the Philippines proved remarkably resilient under the pressure of invasion and occupation. The Black Legend blinded the British to the complexities of the real balance of power in in Manila and the Philippines during the Seven Years War.text
36
Agostini, Thomas. ""Cousins in Arms" : experience and the formation of a British-American identity among regular and provincial soldiers during the Seven Years' War /." Diss., 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3048942.
Full text
37
Tanganelli, Andrea. "Il contributo della Toscana e della Lombardia allo sforzo bellico asburgico durante la guerra dei sette anni." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1189997.
Full textAbstract:
TARGET: With the social, politic and military history of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and of the Hapsburg Lombardy on the background, the goals of this dissertation are two. The first is reconstructing the history of the two units from the creation, passing trough the years on campaign, till the end of the Seven Years’ War.
The second is the analysis of the social aspects of the two regiments, starting from the officer down to the soldiers. Their personal and service data, for each rank are put together for identyfing common trends and differences between the units and other armies of the XVIIIth century. Important will be the investigation of the national origin of men in every rank, for the impact of the enlistment in the two territory and for verifying the circulation of military manpower.
Strictly linked to the national origin is the reconstruction of the jobs conducted by non-commissioned officers and soldiers before joining the army. Starting from this information will be checked the possibility of describing the Tuscan and Lombard society, veryfing also if the presence of some profession is linked to the crisis of some manufacturing sector.
METHOD: The research is mainly based on archive sources, collected between Florence, Bologna, Milan and Vienna. Nevertheless all the work is supported by a vast bibliography in italian, english and german concerning social, economical, political and military history of Tuscany, Lombardy and Hapsburg Empire. The dissertation is divided in 5 chapters: 1) storiography on Tuscan military, Austrian military presence in Lombardy, Seven Years’ War and analysis on archive sources; 2) political, social and military background of Tuscany since 1737 and creation of the Toscanische Infanterie Regiment; 3) political, social and military background of Lombardy since 1740 and creation of the Clerici Regiment; 4) analysis of the partecipation of the two regiment in the war; 5) comparison and processing of origin, age, service and profession of officers, non-commissioned officers and soldiers.
CONCLUSIONS: Thanks to archive source and old but important bibliographical sources the history of this two regiment has been enlarged. There is still a lot to do, because of the hugeness of document conserved in the Wien Kriegsarchiv, of which I could only see a small part. Regarding the social and human aspects of this research, it was possible to trace back 3411 names for Toscanischen Regiment and 4631 for Clerici Regiment, unfortunately not all accompanied with the same amount of information about age, origin, service status and profession. Nevertheless the collected data have allowed to answer to the main question of the research with a “yes, but”. This because of the lack, in the austrian musterlisten, of two of the most important professional category: farmers and day workers.
38
Borovský, Jiří. "K analýze vojenského významu olomoucké pevnosti v období válek o rakouské dědictví a sedmileté války." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354360.
Full textAbstract:
Military Importance Analysis of the Olomouc fortress in the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War Jiří Borovský Abstract The thesis focuses on a role played by the city of Olomouc during the War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748) and the Seven Years' War (1756-1763). Between 1741-1742, almost all Moravian territory became an operational space for armies of the Prussian king Friedrich II. The Prussians took the city of Olomouc, too, and made it their most important military and logistic base within the occupied territories. As soon as the War of Austrian Succession was over, the fortress of Olomouc was rebuilt fundamentally: It took a mere decade of an immense building activity and Olomouc became the most modern bastion fortification in the whole Danubian Monarchy. Shortly after the works had been finished in 1758, the Prussians invaded Moravia again in order to seize the city again. The author analyses both Prussian campaigns to Moravia. The thesis mainly deals with the conditions that involved both Austrian and Prussian parties at the beginning of the war. It draws comparison between both armies involved, and between the actual results of the wars, too. In particular, the author focuses on the comparison of the role of the fortress during the two conflicts as well as on the differences...
39
Ansorgová, Kristýna. "František Filip ze Šternberka jako císařský vyslanec v Polsku a Sasku v letech 1749 - 1764." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-436337.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim of this thesis is to introduce personality and works of imperial diplomat Franz Philip of Sternberg, who was appointed as imperial plenipotentiary at the court of Augustus III in 1749 and who spent there fifteen years. For those purposes, we are first presenting available literature concerning imperial diplomacy and diplomacy in Poland and Saxony in the 2nd half of the 18th century. Sources regarding other diplomats dwelling in Poland and Saxony by that times are also described. Next, we outlined historical sources available for the study of Sternbergs' diplomatic mission. Afterward, we introduced Franz Philip of Sternberg and his prepositions for his position as an imperial diplomat. Based on historical sources, we reconstructed Sternbergs' stay in Saxony and later in Poland, to where he resettled, altogether with Polish-Saxony royal court, after the reversal of longstanding alliances and the beginning of the Seven Years' War. For the reconstruction, we used mainly official diplomatic sources - instructions and relations, which are subsequently, together with diplomatic sources, subjected to diplomatic analysis. Based on unofficial correspondence, we have shown the social network of Franz Philip of Sternberg during his diplomatic stay in Poland and Saxony. In the end, we concluded on...
40
Jalbert, Andréanne. "Bougainville, Lévis, Vaudreuil : trajets dans les historiographies de la guerre de Sept Ans." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13696.
Full textAbstract:
Les études sur la mémoire, qui connaissent une grande popularité depuis les années 1980, ont mené à un intérêt pour l’histoire de l’histoire et pour la création de figures héroïques. Ce mémoire de maîtrise s’inscrit dans ces courants de recherche en étudiant le sort qu’une historiographie plurinationale a réservé à trois officiers français du théâtre nord-américain de la guerre de Sept Ans. Nous observerons comment les ouvrages britanniques, français, américains, canadiens-anglais et canadiens-français ont traité de Vaudreuil, Bougainville et Lévis. Nous pourrons ainsi exploiter la richesse de l’historiographie relative à cette guerre, qui date du XVIIIe siècle jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Il s’agira de suivre les regards croisés que les historiens des différentes époques et allégeances nationales ont porté sur nos personnages. C’est que ces trois hommes incarnent trois postures que l’historiographie interprétera de façon variable. En effet, comme cette production historique est surtout marquée par des rivalités entre les personnages qui prennent des allures de conflits nationaux, nos héros seront surtout jugés selon une perspective nationale. Vaudreuil, le gouverneur canadien né dans la colonie y devient donc le champion de son «pays», Bougainville, le métropolitain critique des conditions coloniales, futur navigateur et homme des Lumières, est jugé en fonction de ses propos sur le Canada, alors que Lévis, le métropolitain discret dans ses écrits, sera surtout jugé en fonction de sa victoire à Sainte-Foy en 1760.Very popular since the 1980s, studies on collective memory have stimulated interest in historiography and especially in the construction of heroic figures. The thesis follows this trend in studying how a multinational historiography treated three French officers of the Seven Years’ War’s North American theatre. We observe how Vaudreuil, Bougainville and Lévis have fared at the hands of historians from Great Britain, France, the United States and English and French Canada, from the eighteenth century to the present. The purpose of the study is to isolate the varying perspectives from which historians of different times and national allegiance have examined the three figures. In the end, the three men were seen to incarnate three contrasting, variously interpreted postures. Since historians were particularly sensitive to what they saw as national conflicts, they judged their heroes accordingly. Vaudreuil, the Canadian-born governor of Canada, thus became the champion of his “country”; Bougainville, French-born future navigator and protagonist of the Enlightenment who wrote disparagingly about the colony, was judged on these opinions; while Lévis, a Frenchman who was more discreet in his writings, was evaluated above all as the victor of the battle of Sainte-Foy in 1760.
41
Švehelka, Ondřej. "Na okraji vojenské společnosti. Vojenští invalidé, zběhové a delikventi v císařsko-královské armádě za sedmileté války." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372376.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis concerns military invalids, deserters and delinquents in the Imperial-Royal Army during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763). Its essence lies in the research of documents originated from the activity of the Representations and Chambers, the supreme representative offices in Bohemia and Moravia. The elementary methodological approach comes from a positivist conception, therefore it interprets the information found within the sources as a story (in a certain sense of word) based on the reality which is recorded by them. The theoretical part is enhanced by the outcomes of study of auxiliary books called Elenchs that provide information even about such sources that have not been preserved till today. Thus, I try to answer the question to which extent it is still possible to use them. The main component of the work is formed by three chapters which are dedicated to particular categories of the military persons in an order stated above. Within them, I present the results of the source research that, in the case of the invalids, concern notably their economic security and utilization for the Habsburg Monarchy's war effort. The chapter about the military deserters continues my previous research and amends it (among else) with newly found facts within the sphere of the enlightened-absolutist...
42
Švehelka, Ondřej. "Vojenští zběhové v době osvícenského absolutismu ve světle dokumentů Českého gubernia a dalších pramenů." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-320817.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with the issues of military deserters from the imperial-royal army at the period of the enlightened absolutism, thus during the reign of Maria Theresa and her sons Joseph II and Leopold II. Based on written as well as printed sources, originated mainly from the activity of the supreme provincial offices of the Kingdom of Bohemia at this time, an explanation on the questions of deserters' punishments, their limited pardons and mutual exchanges, made between the Habsburg Monarchy and her allies, has been offered. Moreover, the attention has been paid to the state's approach to the inhabitants that either provided aid to the deserters, or vice versa participated in their pursuit and capture. The last part of the text has been devoted to the registries of military deserters who originated from Bohemia, with the main emphasis on the Seven Years' War, because these registries have been preserved mostly for this conflict. Key words military deserters, enlightened absolutism, enlightened reforms, Czech Gubernium, War of the Austrian Succession, Seven Years' War, Maria Theresa, Joseph II
43
Marsters, Roger Sidney. "Approaches to Empire: Hydrographic Knowledge and British State Activity in Northeastern North America, 1711-1783." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/15823.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation studies the intersection of knowledge, culture, and power in contested coastal and estuarine space in eighteenth-century northeastern North America. It examines the interdependence of vernacular pilot knowledge and directed hydrographic survey, their integration into practices of warfare and governance, and roles in assimilating American space to metropolitan scientific and aesthetic discourses. It argues that the embodied skill and local knowledge of colonial and Aboriginal peoples served vital and underappreciated roles in Great Britain’s extension of overseas activity and interest, of maritime empire. It examines the maritimicity of empire: empire as adaptation to marine environments through which it conducted political influence and commercial endeavour. The materiality of maritime empire—its reliance on patterns of wind and current, on climate and weather, on local relations of sea to land, on proximity of spaces and resources to oceanic circuits—framed and delimited transnational flows of commerce and state power. This was especially so in coastal and riverine littoral spaces of northeastern North America. In this local Atlantic, pilot knowledge—and its systematization in marine cartography through hydrographic survey—adapted processes of empire to the materiality of the maritime, and especially to the littoral, environment. Eighteenth-century British state agents acting in northeastern North America—in Mi’kmaqi/Acadia/Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Quebec, and New England—developed new means of adapting this knowledge to the tasks of maritime empire, creating potent tools with which to extend Britain’s imperial power and influence amphibiously in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. If the open Atlantic became a maritime highway in this period, traversed with increasing frequency and ease, inshore waters remained dangerous bypaths, subject to geographical and meteorological hazards that checked overseas commercial exchange and the military and administrative processes that constituted maritime empire. While patterns of oceanic circulation permitted extension of these activities globally in the early modern period, the complex interrelation of marine and terrestrial geography and climate in coastal and estuarine waters long set limits on maritime imperial activity. This dissertation examines the nature of these limits, and the means that eighteenth-century British commercial and imperial actors developed to overcome them.
44
Gousse, Suzanne. "Le monde de Jean Alexis Lemoine dit Monière, marchand de Montréal au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24634.
Full textAbstract:
On s’est intéressé dans les années 1950 à 1970 à la disparition d’une bourgeoisie canadienne qui aurait dû faire la transition du capitalisme marchand vers l’industrie. Les réflexions historiennes avaient cependant commencé par la fin, tentant de définir les conséquences historiques à long terme de la « Conquête » sur un groupe encore mal connu qui, en principe, incluait des marchands.
Notre thèse s’inscrit dans la lignée des travaux états-uniens et européens qui ont permis de revoir, souvent dans une optique culturelle, les marchands occidentaux de l’époque moderne. À partir du cas précis d’un marchand équipeur montréalais et de sa lignée, nous voulons tout d’abord établir si la culture négociante des marchands, au sens large du terme, était du même ordre que celles des métropolitains qui avaient des commerces semblables. Deuxièmement, nous voulons cerner la marge de manœuvre individuelle face aux contraintes des conditions ambiantes ainsi que le rôle des réseaux dans l’évolution de la carrière des marchands. Enfin, nous souhaitons définir la conception de soi de ces derniers, à travers l’examen de leur style de vie et des rôles qu’ils pouvaient jouer dans leur milieu. Pour le faire, nous avons choisi de ratisser « en largeur » dans des sources multiples, y compris des livres de comptes, et de creuser « en profondeur » pour en extraire le maximum de données.
L’enquête a été menée à travers la longue carrière de l’équipeur Jean Alexis Lemoine dit Monière (1680-1754) qui s’est installé à Montréal en 1715. Lemoine est connu de la postérité grâce à l’étude de Louise Dechêne qui l’avait suivi jusqu’en 1725. Elle en a tracé un portrait, amplement repris par la suite, qui a fait de lui l’exemple type de marchand équipeur. Or, Monière n’est peut-être pas typique, il pourrait même être un cas-limite. En le suivant jusqu’à sa mort, nous avons exploré toutes les possibilités qui se sont offertes à lui. Nous avons aussi fait une large place aux legs matériel et immatériel de son père Jean Lemoine, et à ce que Monière a transmis à son fils, Pierre Alexis, ainsi qu’à quelques neveux. En encadrant Monière de son père, immigrant rouennais, de ses frères et de son fils, nous avons pu observer l’émergence d’un métier, celui d’équipeur. Nous avons examiné comment Monière, décédé en 1754, a été préparé à exercer son métier et comment il concevait la pratique de ce dernier. Cette démarche a permis de mieux comprendre la culture (au sens large) des gens de la marchandise au Canada. En utilisant une variété de sources et en faisant appel à une démarche micro-historique, nous souhaitons avoir répondu, vingt-cinq ans plus tard, au vœu de Dale Miquelon de regarder, dans la mesure du possible, le monde de la marchandise avec les yeux des acteurs de la période pour répondre aux interrogations des gens d’aujourd’hui.From the 1950s to the 1970s, historians’ attention was turned towards the disappearance of a bourgeoisie canadienne which should have made the transition from commercial to industrial capitalism. These studies began, so to speak, with the end, in attempting to define the long-term historical consequences of the Conquest on an as-yet ill-defined group that in principle included some merchants. This thesis follows new investigations in both Europe and the USA which have permitted to look anew, often with a cultural history approach, at merchants of the Early Modern period. Focusing on a Montreal merchant outfitter (marchand équipeur) and his family, the investigation first seeks to determine if the Canadian merchants’ culture (broadly defined) was similar to that of their French counterparts who worked on the same business level. A second aim is to evaluate the leeway available to individuals in face of the general conditions of the trade and the role of networks in the merchants’ career. Finally, the thesis attempts to define the self-conception of these men while looking at their lifestyle and the various roles they played in their community. To complete such a study, we have chosen to look « wide and deep » like micro-historians have before us. The study examines the long life of the équipeur, Jean Alexis Lemoine dit Monière, who chose to settle in Montreal in 1715 and whose career Louise Dechêne had followed until 1725. After her, historians have since pictured Monière as a typical marchand équipeur. But he might not have been typical, he might even have been a « limiting case ». The thesis follows him to the end of his life and looking for all the opportunities that were offered to him along the way. It accords considerable importance to the material and immaterial legacy of his father, Jean Lemoine, and to what Monière passed on to this son, Pierre Alexis and a few nephews. Situating Monière between his father who emigrated from Rouen, his brothers and his own son, permits us to see the emergence of a profession, that of équipeur. We look at how Monière, who died in 1754, was prepared to embrace the merchant’s profession and how he perceived the way he should work as an équipeur. This study affords a better understanding of merchants’ culture, broadly conceived, in early French Canada. Exploring a variety of sources and using a micro-historical approach, we hope to have followed Dale Miquelon’s suggestion to look (again) at the merchants’ world with the eyes of the people of the times in order to answer today’s questions.