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Mphasha, Lekau Eleazar. "Adjectives in Northern Sotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51565.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research investigates the adjective in Northern Sotho. The entire research indicates that adjectives form a closed system and are morphologically marked with a noun class prefix in Northern Sotho. Three semantic categories of adjectives which may be recognized are descriptive, quantitative and colour adjectives. Chapter One is the introduction of the research. The introductory sections which appear in it are purpose and aim of study, method of research, organization of the study, definitions of the concepts and derivation of adjectives. Chapter Two concentrates on the semantic adjective. Semantics deals with the study of words origins~ changes and meanings. Attributive (prenominal) adjectives tend to denote fairly permanent properties, while predicative ones denote the corresponding transient properties as in the following examples: (1) a. The shirt is loose (not buttoned) b. The loose shirt (not fitting properly) (2) a. The apparatus are handy (conveniently at hand) b. Handy apparatus (useful apparatus) Adjectives can occur in comparative and exclamatory constructions. Two types of adjectives may also differ from one another in that the one involving conversion does not take degree modifier or comparative, whereas the one not involving conversion can have either of them occurring with them: (3) a. The strong should help the weak b. The very strong should help the weak (4) a. The cup is big b. The cup is too big Chapter Three evolves on the formation and structure of adjectives in Northern Sotho. This chapter introduces a wide range of word building elements used to create the adjective structure. Emphasis is put on the adjectival prefixes, adjectival stems and adjectival suffixes which are the constituent elements of the adjective. Only the adjectival stems are reduplicable and have usually an intensified meaning. This implies that the adjectival prefixes and adjectival suffixes, in terms of their position and function, cannot be reduplicated. There are also some restrictions in the use of adjectives. The main concerns are the nature of word-formation processes and the ways in which wordformation interacts with syntax, semantics and lexicon. Chapter Four exemplifies the descriptive possessive in full. As a matter of clarification, no possessives have been discussed in this chapter. Descriptive possessives and possessives are two different aspects. In this chapter, various aspects which make up the descriptive possessives are also discussed in detail. Chapter Five deals with the nominal relative clause. The head is always the noun in all the nominal relative clauses. The matrix and the relative clauses are given under physical features, psychological features, habits, skills, taste and natural phenomena. The distribution of a relative is also indicated. Attention is based on the complement of a noun and position in a clause. Chapter Six is the concluding chapter which gives the summary of all the previous chapters.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing het as doelstelling die ondersoek van die adjektief in Noord-Sotho. Die bevindinge van die navorsing dui daarop dat adjektiewe in Noord-Sotho 'n geslote klas vorm wat morfologies gemerk word deur 'n naamwoordklasprefiks. Die drie semantiese kategorieë van adjektiewe wat in die studie erken word sluit in deskriptiewe, kwantitatiewe en kleur adjektiewe. Hoofstuk Een vorm die inleiding van die studie. Die verskillende sub-afdelings van die hoofstuk gee die doelstelling van die studie, asook 'n oorsig van die navorsingsmetode, organisasie van die studie, belangrike definisies en konsepte en behandel die afleiding van adjektiewe in Noord-Sotho. Hoofstuk Twee fokus op die semantiese adjektiewe. Semantiek hou verband met die studie van woorde se oorsprong, veranderinge en betekenisse. Attributiewe (prenominale) adjektiewe neig om redelik permanente eienskappe aan te dui, terwyl predikatiewe adjektiewe die korresponderende tydelike eienskappe aandui, soos getoon in die volgende voorbeelde in Engels: (1) a. The shirt is loose (not buttoned) b. The loose shirt (not fitting properly) (2) a. The apparatus are handy (conveniently at hand) b. Handy apparatus (useful apparatus) Adjektiewe kan in vergelykende en uitroepkonstruksies verskyn. Twee tipes adjektiewe kan ook verskil van mekaar in die opsig dat die een tipe wat verandering behels nie 'n graad bepaler of vergelykende bepaler neem nie, terwyl die ander wat nie verandering behels nie met enige van hierdie bepalers kan verskyn. Beskou die volgende voorbeelde in Engels: (3) a. The strong should help the weak b. The very strong should help the weak (4) a. The cup is big b. The cup is too big Hoofstuk Drie hou verband met die vorming en struktuur van adjektiewe in Noord- Sotho. Hierdie hoofstuk stel'n wye reekswoordbou-elementebekendwat gebruik word om qie adjektiefstruktuur te skep. Besondere aandag word gegee aan die adjektiefprefikse, adjektiefstamme en adjektiefsuffikse wat die konstituent elemente van die I adjektief is. Slegs adjektiefstamme is dupliseerbaar, en het gewoonlik 'n geïntensifeerde betekenis. Dit volg dat die adjektiefprefikse en -suffikse in terme van hulle posisie en funksie nie geredupliseer kan word nie. Daar word ook ondersoek ingestel na die beperkings ten opsigte van die gebruik van adjektiewe. Die hoofoorwegings is die aard van woordvormingsprosesseen die wyse waarop woordvorming in interaksie is met die sintaksis, semantiek en die leksikon. Hoofstuk Vier ondersoek die deskriptiewe possessief in Noord-Sotho volledig. Ter wille van duidelikheid: geen possessiewe wat letterlike semantiese besit aandui word in hierdie hoofstuk as relevant beskou nie aangesien deskriptiewe possessiewe, maar nie letterlike besitaanduidende possessiewe nie, as kategorie van semantiese adjektiewe beskou word. In hierdie hoofstuk word ook verskillende aspekte bespreek wat die semantiese adjektief karakteriseer. Hoofstuk Vyf ondersoek die nominale relatief klous. Die kern is altyd 'n naamwoord in al die nominale relatiefklouse. Die matriks- en die relatiefklouse word bespreek onder die klasse van fisiese kenmerke, sielkundige kenmerke, gewoontes, vaardighede, smake, en natuurlike verskynsels. Die verspreiding van 'n relatief word ook aangedui. Aandag word gevestig op die komplement van 'n naamwoord en posisie in die klous. Hoofstuk Ses is die samevatting van die studie waarin die belangrikste bevindings aan die orde gestel word.
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Phasha, Maction Nkgoropo. "A lexical semantic analysis of selected verbs in Northern Sotho." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1157.
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Madigoe, Mashikane William. "Syllable structure processes in Northern Sotho : a linear and non-linear phonological analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53608.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study intends to describe and explain syllable structure processes in Northern Sotho. It deals with phonological processes such as vowel deletion, semivocalization and semivowel insertion. The major aim of these processes is to restore the preferred ICVI syllable structure which has been violated by morphological processes such as passive, diminutive, the construction of absolute pronouns, etc. Two phonological models are applied with the intention to determine the one that presents the most credible explanation for the phenomenon at hand. The two models employed are, respectively, the Transformational (TG) and Feature Geometry (FG) models. It appears that Feature Geometry model yields better results in the description of syllable structure processes in Northern Sotho.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf en verklaar sillabestruktuur prosesse in Noord-Sotho. Die tersaaklike fonologiese prosesse is vokaaldelesie, semivokalisasie en semivokaalinvoeging. Die doel van hierdie prosesse is om "n bepaalde voorkeursillabestruktuur IKVI te herstel wat versteur word deur morfologiese prosesse met die vorming van die passief, diminutief, die konstruksie van absolute voornaamwoorde ensovoorts. Twee fonologiese modelle word geïmplementeer ten einde te bepaal welke model die mees geloofwaardige verklarings vir die betrokke verskynsels kan bied. Die Transformasioneel-Generatiewe (TG) en Kenmerk Geometriese(KG) modelle word respektiewelik toegepas. Dit skyn asof die Kenmerk Geometriese model beter resultate lewer in die beskrywing van sillabestruktuurprosesse in Noord-Sotho.
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Maseko, Julia Refilwe. "Copulative verbs in Northern Sotho :a morphosemantic study." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2050.
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Thesis (M. A. (African Languages) --University of Limpopo,2005The study aimsat finding out thecategorical status of copulatives in Northern Sotho. This will be achieved by examining the morphosemantic features of various copulatives. From a morphological perspective, thestudy focuses on the following types ofcopulative verbs: ke, se, ba, le, na, and COP. The study argues that the foresaid copulatives are not particles but are fully-fledged verbs. As far as the semantic nature of the copulatives is concerned, the study discovered a variety of meanings associated with copulatives, such as the following: the identifying, descriptive,locational and associative. Lastly, the study contends that any research on the copulative in Northern Sotho should be a morphosemantic one, as previous studies focused on one and neglected the other.
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Mojapelo, Mampaka Lydia. "Definiteness in Northern Sotho." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1217.
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Maepa, Mafotha Charles. "Nasal strengthening in Northern Sotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52348.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the phonological process of Nasal Strengthening in Northern Sotho. It sets out to employ two phonological models to describe the phenomenon in order to determine which model presents the most credible explanation for the phenomenon. The core elements of a classical linear model, the so called SPE model of Transformational Generative (TG) phonology is described and applied to the phenomenon. It is indicated that a number of phonological rules are actually involved in the process as a whole. It is argued that the following rules are in fact involved in the generation of appropriate phonetic outputs: a strengthening rule, a homorganic nasal assimilation rule and a nasal deletion rule. The previously inexplicable /k'/ insertion rule is shown to be nothing more than part of a more general process of glottal stop strengthening. This is indeed a new view with respect to the traditional stance on "vowel strengthening." Although the majority of the sound changes may be accounted for within a TG model, the formalism of the strengthening rule itself unfortunately does not reflect any phonetic explanation for the phenomenon. A second, non-linear, phonological model, i.e. a Feature Geometry model (FG) is described and applied to the same phenomenon. It appears that although the more contemporary FG model presents innovative ideas on the structure of phonological representations and processes, it can not account for the strengthening of voiced fricatives at all. At the most this model seems to be able only to account for voiceless fricatives being strengthened to voiced obstruents. It is clear that none of the models can present a complete and credible account of Nasal Strengthening in Northern Sotho.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie focus op die proses van Nasaalversterking in Noord Sotho. Twee fonologiese modelle word gebruik in die analise van die verskynsel ten einde te bepaal welke model die mees geskik is om 'n geloofwaardige verklaring aan te bied. Die hoofelemente van 'n lineere Transformasioneel Generatiewe (TG) model word beskryf en toegepas in Noord Sotho. Daar word aangetoon dat die proses uit 'n verskeidenheid verwante prosesse bestaan en daar word geargumenteer dat die volgende reels almal 'n rol speel: "n verstekingsreel, 'n homorgane assimilasiereel en 'n nasaaldelesiereel. 'n Vorige onverklaarbare Ik.'/ invoegingsreel word geherinterpreteer as 'n glottale stop versterkingsreel wat nuwe verduidelikings bied vir die sg versterking van vokale. Alhoewel die meeste van die klankwisselinge verantwoord kan word binne 'n TG model, bied die format van die versterkingsreel ongelukkig geen fonetiese motivering vir die proses aan me. 'n Tweede model, die sg Kenmerkgeometrie (KG), is vervolgens beskryf en toegepas. Dit het heel gou geblyk dat hierdie model, ten spyte van baie innovasies, nie in staat is om die versterking van sternhebbende frikatiewe te verantwoord nie. Dit kon slegs 'n sinvolle beskrywing van die versterking van stemlose frikatiewe moontlik maak. Uit hierdie studie blyk dit dat nie een van die twee modelle wat aangewend is 'n volledige en geloofwaardige beskrywing van die verskynsel van Nasaalversterking in Noord Sotho kan aanbied nie.
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Mphasha, Lekau Eleazar. "The compound noun in Northern Sotho." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1343.
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Meso, Tlou Phestus. "Language dynamism in English-Northern Sotho/Northern Sotho-English bilingual dictionaries : a case of translation equivalence." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1511.
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Thesis (M. A. (Translation and Linguistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016This study reveals that language dynamisms affect the compilation of Northern Sotho – English bilingual dictionaries. In this regard, the study shows that the role of translation equivalence cannot be taken for granted. To fully grasp what translation equivalence entails, the study compared formal equivalence with dynamic equivalence. Although there are merits in adopting foreign terms and concepts, the study investigates the problem lexicographers and terminologists of English–Northern Sotho or Northern Sotho–English bilingual dictionaries encounter and suggests possible solutions. Different strategies and procedures for dealing with non-equivalence between the source and target languages are also discussed. Lastly, the study recommends that language dynamism is inevitable if Northern Sotho is to thrive as one of the functional languages in the world. The consequences of shunning dynamism are dire as this might lead to language death.
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Makwela, Matlaleng Maria. "The role of usage examples in Northern Sotho-English / English-Northern Sotho bilingual dictionaries." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2372.
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Mankga, Ramasela Wilhemina. "Language usage in some traditional rituals in Northern Sotho." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1147.
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Thesis (M.A.) --University of Limpopo, 2013Most people feel scared and ashamed when practising their rituals and using the relevant language. The aim of this study is to be an eye opener to make people to change their behaviour and attitude. They should be free to perform their rituals with pride and dignity and regard them as valuable. Qualitative method was used to gather the information and data in this research in which interviews were conducted. Males and females were visited at their homes from villages around Mamehlabe, Ngwanallela, gaSebotse, gaMashashane and only few were quoted. Their responses were transparent in a way that it is clear that the Northern Sotho people have their own way of using language and performing rituals. It is recommended that in the performance of rituals and language usage, a full explanation is needed to accumulate practical implementation. The society at large need to be educated in order to transfer the information to the younger generation.
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Marobela, Refilwe Mmaseroka. "Polysemy of the verbs ya and tla in Northern Sotho." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1103.
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Talane, Refiloe Mabolatse. "The narrative account of personal experience in Northern Sotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20862.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a narration of personal experiences of the Northern Sotho people and their way of doing their activities. The Northern Sotho people and their ways of doing things have been characterized by a proliferation of different ways of living governance. This living governance is by people who are a distance from the Northern Sotho way of living that has been influenced by day to day changes of technology and the style of living, whereby people can do anything to can fit in the current lifestyle. The problem experienced in relation to accounts is how accounts impact on us and visa versa. The Northern Sotho narration dates back from the pre-colonial, colonial and apartheid era. These linear stages of governance have had an influence in the transformation of the Northern Sotho. This transformation has seen a delusion of the original Northern Sotho discourses. A mixture of different cultures in the process of transformation has also characterized this, where the Northern Sotho people have adopted other tribes’ norms and values; in the process losing their own original identity. Other tribes have also lost their original ways of doing things by absorbing Northern Sotho norms and values. The findings of research will determine how difficult it is to transform original cultures to the most dominant culture of today, which is more westernized. People will analyze the findings influential in doing self-introspection, which will assist in determining oneself. The recommendation that could be given would be that one need to look back at the importance of cultural values from where he or she comes and to make it fit into today’s life as this will prevent uncertainties and assist in building the current and next generation’s future.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: gemeenskap en hul manier om met hul aktiwiteite te handel. Die Noord-Sotho gemeenskap en hul manier om dinge te handel word gekenmerk deur ‘n vinnige toename in die diverse invloede deur mense wat verskillende lewenswyse as hul eie het. Hierdie lewenwyse word gekenmerk deur die vinnige ontwikkelende tegnologie en lewenstyl waarvolgens mense enigiets kan doen om in die hedendaagse maniere om dinge te doen in te pas. Ondervindinge in verhouding met die beskrywings is hoe die beskrywings ons beinvloed en andersom. Die Noord Sotho vertelling is gedateer vanaf die prekoloniale-, koloniale-, apartheid- en pos-apartheid eras. Hierdie liniere fases van magsuitoefening het ‘n invloed gehad in die transformasie van die Noord Sotho. Hierdie transformasie het gesien tot die verkeerde ideé van die oorspronklike kommunikasies van Noord-Sotho lewenswyse. ‘n Mengsel van verskillende kulture in die proses van transformasie het ook hierdeur kenmerk, waar die Noord Sotho bevolking ander stamme se norme en waardes aangeneem het en sodoende hul oorspronklike identiteit verloor het. Ander stamme het ook hul oorspronklike manier om hul dinge te doen verloor deur dat hulle norme en waarders van die Noord –Sotho geabsobeer het. Die navorsings bevindinge sal bepaal hoe moeilik dit is om suiwer kulture te omvorm tot die mees dominante hedendaagse kultuur wat meer verwesters is. Mense sal die bevindinge analiseer wat op instrospeksie impakteer en selfbeeld bepaal. Die aanbeiling is dat die historiese belangrikheid van die kulturele waardes in ag geneem moet word as die basis waar ons vandaan kom en dat ons dit in werking moet stel in die hedendaagse lewe. Dit sal onsekerhede voorkom en ook help om die toekoms van die huidige en toekomstige generasies te bou.
KAKARETŠO: Ke kanego ka ga bophelo bja batho ba Sesotho sa Leboa le mediro ya bona. Mekgwa le mediro yeo e akaretšago bophelo ka bophara bja setšo sa Leboa e hweditšwe ke mebušo yeo e bušago. Mebušo yeo le yona e hweditšwe ke diphetogo tša tšatši ka tšatši tša setekiniki le bophelo bja selehono moo batho ba lekanago ka maatla go ka ikhwetša ba kgona go phela maemong a selehono. Ditlhalošo tša setšo sa Leboa di balelwa go tloga mehleng ya pele ga koloni, ka nako ya kgatelelo le ka morago ga kgatelelo. Nakong tše ka moka tša go fapafapana, mebušo ya gona e bile le khuetšo e kgolo setšong sa leboa. Go lekana ga ditšo tša go fapafapana diphetogong setšong le gona go amile dipheto setšong sa batho ba Leboa gomme ba thoma go loba boitšhupo bja botšo. Merafe e mengwe le yona e lahlegetšwe ke botšo ka go latela ditlwaedi le mekgwa ya Sesotho sa Leboa. Go ya ka dinyakišišo, go nale sešupo sa gore ga go bonolo go ka fetoga setšong sa bogologolo go fetogela go setšo sa sebjale seo se tibilego ka mekgwa ya sekgowa. Batho ba tla lebeledišiša ditšhupetšo tšeo di nago le khuetšo ya go inyaka le go inyakišiša, e lego seo se tla thušago motho gore a te tsebe. Kakanyo yeo e ka tlišago phetogo ke ge go ka lebelelwa morago botsong bja setšo. Go lebelelwe ka moo se bego se hlomphiwa ka gona e bile se latelelwa gomme go be le tlhotleletšo ya gore se šomišwe bophelong bja selehono. Tlhotleletšo ye e ka thibela dipelaelo le go thuša go aga bokamoso bja meloko ya lehono le yeo e sa tlago.
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Phindane, Pule Alexis. "Lexical semantics and deverbal nominalisations in Sesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19543.
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Thesis (DLitt)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this dissertation, the semantic and syntactic properties of deverbatives are analyzed in the context of Generative Lexicon theory, which is a model of lexical semantics. The aim of the analysis relates to the existence of the relationship between nominals derived directly from an event description and their inheritance of the properties of that event. The deverbal nouns in Sesotho are analyzed semantically within specific parameters taking into account the deverbal noun as a whole. This is done by viewing how word meaning interact with a set of generative mechanisms to account for the creative use of language. These mechanisms involve the levels of representations (i.e. argument, event and qualia structures) which provides information about the number and type of arguments; the event type of a lexical item and how these events are tied together within different relations. There are correlations between lexically encoded base forms and morphological derived forms. These correlations provide a need for a representational structure to distinguish between stage-level and individual-level nominals. Focusing on the role of events in the semantics of nouns, it is shown that stage-level and individual-level nouns differ in the type and the quantification of their defining event. This led to the adoption of the view that that nominals in general should be named after the events they each fulfil.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie proefskrif word die semantiese en sintaktiese eienskappe van deverbatiewe in Sesotho ontleed binne die raamwerk van Generatiewe Leksikonteorie, ‘n model van leksikale semantiek. Die doel van die analise hou verband met die verhouding tussen nominale direk afgelei vanaf ‘n gebeurtenis (‘event’) beskrywing en die oorerwing van die eienskappe van daardie gebeurtenis (‘event’). Die Sesotho deverbatiewe word semanties ontleed binne spesifieke parameters met inagneming van die semantiese eienskappe van die deverbatief as geheel. Dit word gedoen deur ‘n ondersoek te doen na hoe woordbetekenis in interaksie is met ‘n stel generatiewe meganismes om ‘n verklaring te bied vir die kreatiewe gebruik van taal. Hierdie meganismes betrek die vlakke van representasie (nl. argumentstruktuur, gebeurtenis (‘event’) struktuur en qualia-struktuur) wat inligting voorsien omtrent die getal en tipes argumente (dit is, uitdrukkings wat tematiese rolle het), die gebeurtenis (‘event’) tipe van ‘n leksikale item, en hoe hierdie gebeurtenisse (‘events’) saamhang binne verskillende verbande. Daar is korrelasies tussen leksikaal ge-enkodeerde basisvorme en morfologiesafgeleide vorms. Hierdie ko-relasies bied ‘n behoefte vir ‘n verteenwoordigende struktuur om te onderskei tussen fase-vlak (‘stage-level’) en individuele-vlak nominale. Daar word aangetoon, met fokus op die gebeurtenisse (‘events’) in die semantiek van naamwoorde, dat fase-vlak en individuele-vlak verskil in die tipe en die kwantifisering van hulle definieerbare gebeurtenis. Dit lei tot die aanvaarding van die siening dat nominale in die algemeen benoem moet word na die gebeurtenisse waaraan elk voldoen.
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Mphepya, Mosima. "The impact of the language of the cellphone on the development of Northern Sotho." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1584.
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Thesis (M. A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015The study focuses on the impact of the language of the cellphone on the development of Northern Sotho. The study argues that Northern Sotho lexicographers do not pay adequate attention to the cellphone language. This is why there are hardly any dictionaries that treat the cellphone language. The study shows that language of the cellphone should be treated like any other language. The study discovered that language of the cellphone assists in the development of African languages. In turn, this helps the cellphone users to close the gap between Northern Sotho and technological terms. Lastly, the study recommends that language of the cellphone should not be ignored as technology is developing every minute.
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Lekganyane, Diapo Nelson. "Lexicographic perspectives on the use of Sepedi as a high function language /." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182005-131048.
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Thornes, Timothy Jon. "A Northern Paiute grammar with texts /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095278.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 549-559). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Mphahlele, Daniel Matlape. "Register as determinant of identity : A case of Northern Sotho Seshate language." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/864.
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Thesis (M.A. (African Languages )) --University of Limpopo, 2008This research study is divided into five chapters and they are as follows: Chapter one is the introductory chapter of this study and it covers the background of this study problem, aim of the study, rational of the study, significance of the study, study methodology, and literature review. Chapter two covers the analytic study of discourse at mošate looking at the use of figurative speech patterns such as idioms, proverbial utterances as gestures of speech in control by the domain, purpose, and setting. Chapter three covers politeness and related gestures of speech as used by Northern Sotho language speakers during gatherings at mošate and other discourse conventions. Chapter four covers the study of Sešate as a restricted code as opposed to elaborate code and its appropriateness, discourse theories and the purposefulness of Sešate. Chapter five is the concluding chapter of this study.
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Magagane, Raesetja Linah. "The development and technologizing of selected Sepedi ICT terminology." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002156.
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It is my wish that the Sepedi language speakers, through the development and technologization of certain Sepedi ICT terminology, are able to operate a computer in their own language, and implement the new developed and technologized ICT terminology (technologization). The pupils and students at their various institutions should be made comfortable in using the developed and technologized Sepedi language terminology. In the long run the Sepedi language speakers should be ensured access to the web in order to find information about Sepedi language, culture and terms in disciplines such as ICT. It is recommended in this thesis that higher learning institutions offer bursaries to students to develop all South African languages in such a manner that they can be used in all high status functions.
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Malete, Elias Nyefolo. "Negation in Sesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52352.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.English Abstract: This research project examines the syntax of negative sentence constructions in Sesotho and explores implications of the empirical data on negation within the framework of the Minimalist Program. According to Minimalist Program, language consists of a lexicon and Computational System where the operations Merge and Move generate sets of structural descriptions, it is driven by the principle of economy, which entails that movement should take place only when necessary for the purpose of Case feature checking. It is also concerned with the expansion of syntactic structures in terms of X-bar theoretic properties, where functional category gives full categorical status. This project further considered the morphology of negation in Sesotho where Sesotho data is refined within the Lexeme-morpheme base morphology, where bound grammatical morphemes such as the negative morphemes in Sesotho are defined in terms of morphological spelling operations. Within these two theoretical frameworks, sentence constructions which realize negation by means of negative morphemes over a full range of tense, aspect and mood distinctions were examined, including sentence construction that realize negation in subordinate clauses as well as those that entail issues of topic and focus, and scope of negation. Constituent negation, with constituents such as subjects, objects and adjuncts is also investigated. Various ways of negating constituents in Sesotho were examined: they are cleft sentences, pseudo-cleft sentences, sentence construction with locative AgrS [ ho ] and sentence constructions with subject inversion as well as sentences where constituents are negated within the VP. All these methods were considered with regard to noncopulative and copulative verbs. The issue of focus which entails plain focus, restrictive and contrastive foci, the issue of topic, which entails stage topics, modified topics and multiple topics are investigated and interpreted within the Focus Structure theory, a theory which assigns focus structures to sentences of the language. Negative sentences are assigned two focus structure viz. main focus structure and the subordinate focus structure. Finally, this study also looks into the scope of negation in Sesotho, where negative criterion (Neg-criterion) stipulates various positions of negative morphemes or words which in turn determines the scope of negation. Scope of negation is also examined in terms of focus, with constituents such as NP's, NP Lac's and NP's in subordinate clauses.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingsprojek ondersoek die sintaksis van konstruksies met negatiewe sinne in Sesotho en gaan die implikasies na van die empiriese data oor ontkenning binne die raamwerk van die Minimalistiese Program. Volgens die Minimalistiese Program, bestaan taal uit In leksikon en In rekenaarsisteem waar die bewerkinge Saamsmelt en Skuif versamelings strukturele beskrywings genereer, dit word aangedryf deur die beginsel van ekonomie wat inhou dat Skuif slegs plaasvind wanneer dit nodig is vir die doel van die nagaan van die Kasus kenmerk: dit het ook te doen met die uitbreiding van sintaktiese strukture in terme van die teoretiese kenmerke van die X-balk, waar die funksionele kategorie volle kategoriale status verkry. Dié projek het ook verder die morfologie van ontkenning in Sesotho oorweeg waar die Sesotho data verfyn is binne die Lekseem-Morfeem Basis Morfologie, waar grammatikale morfeme soos die negatiewe morfeme in Sesotho gedefinieer word in terme van morfologiese spellingsbewerkings. Binne hierdie twee teoretiese raamwerke, is daar ondersoek ingestel na sinskonstruksies wat negatief realiseer deur middel van negatiewe morfeme binne In volledige reeks van onderskeidinge van tyd, aspek en modus, insluitende sinskonstruksies waar die negatief realiseer in die bysin, asook daardie negatiewe wat gaan oor sake soos Topiek en Fokus, en die omvang van ontkenning. Konstituent ontkenning is ondersoek waaronder konstituente soos onderwerpe, voorwerpe en adjunkte. Verskeie wyses om konstituente in Sesotho te ontken is ondersoek, naamlik: klef en pseudo-klef sinne, sinskonstruksie met die lokatiewe kongruensie [ho] en sinskonstruksies met subjeksinversie asook sinne waar konstituente ontken word binne In werkwoordfrase. AI hierdie wyses is nagegaan met nie-kopulatiewe en kopulatiewe werkwoorde. Die probleem van fokus is ondersoek wat insluit eenvoudige fokus, beperkende en kontrastiewe fokus, asook die probleem van topiek wat verskeie soorte topiek insluit. Hierdie ondersoek is gedoen en uiteindelik geïnterpreteer binne die Fokus Sruktuur teorie, In teorie wat fokusstrukture toeken aan sinne van In taal. Negatiewe sinne word twee fokusstrukture toegeken, naamlik: die hoof fokus struktuur en die onderskikkende fokus struktuur. Laastens het die studie ook gekyk na die omvang ('scope') van ontkenning in Sesotho waar die negatiewe kriterium verskeie posisies van negatiewe morfeme of woorde stipuleer wat dan weer die omvang van ontkenning bepaal. Die omvang van ontkenning is ook ondersoek in terme van fokus waar kontrastiewe fokus die uitbreiding van omvang bepaaloor konstituente soos naamwoordfrases, lokatiewe naamwoordfrases en naamwoordfrases in onderskikkende klouse.
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Sejaphala, Makoma Doncy. "The morpheme le in Northern Sotho : a linguistic analysis." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/153.
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Thesis (M.ED.) --University of Limpopo, 2009.This study focuses on the morpheme le in Northern Sotho. It is sometimes confusing to establish the correct semantic function which the morpheme le expresses; and also to classify it into a certain word category. This study suggests the morphological features which the morpheme le bears in terms of its word categorization. The morpheme le in Northern Sotho can be used as a conjunction, a demonstrative pronoun, an agreement, a preposition, a copulative, an adverb and a complement as well. It is suggested in this study, ways of identifying the semantic function of the morpheme le in various contexts. This study reflects that the morpheme le in Northern Sotho can be used to denote: possession, accompaniment, location, additive focus, existentialism and honorifics.
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Zerbian, Sabine [Verfasser]. "Expression of information structure in the Bantu language Northern Sotho / Sabine Zerbian." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1060429055/34.
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Phindane, Pule Alexis. "Break and bend verbs in Sesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52152.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The break and bend verbs in Sesotho are investigated with a view to account for the unique properties of these verbs. The study gives a full account of the predicate argument structure of break and bend verbs. In Sesotho we have three types of predicates, namely, one-place, two-place and three-place predicates. The study also focuses on the number of arguments these verbs may assign. Some of these verbs are intransitive and therefore they assign one argument, which is an external argument. Other verbs are transitive and as such they assign more than one argument (i.e. external and internal arguments). These verbs are investigated as to whether they would select certain arguments to appear with them and it was found that when they do, they also select semantic features which these arguments must have in order to appear with such verbs. These verbs are also examined with the view to account for their difference. It was found that certain bend verbs show the same syntactic properties as the break verbs, except those bend verbs name reverse actions. Another observation was that not all break and bend verbs have zero-related nominaIs. When they do, the nominals describe the result of the action named by the verb. The study investigate these verbs as to whether they would allow cognate objects, verbal alternations and derived verbs (in the case of bend verbs), and it was found that some of them would allow such lexical items.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die breek en buig werkwoorde in Sesotho is ondersoek met die doel om die unieke kenmerke van hierdie werkwoorde te bepaal. Die studie verskaf 'n beskrywing van die predikaat argumentstruktuur van breek en buig werkwoorde in Sesotho. Ons het drie tipes predikate, te wete eenplek, tweeplek en drieplek predikate. Die studie fokus ook op die aantal argumente wat hierdie werkwoorde kan toeken. Sommige van hierdie werkwoorde is onoorganklik, derhalwe ken hulle een argument toe wat ekstern is. Ander werkwoorde is oorganklik, sodat meer as een argument, te wete ekstern en intern, toegeken word. Daar is ook ondersoek of hierdie werkwoorde argumente kan selekteer om met hulle te verskyn, en dit is bevind dat as hulle dit doen, hulle ook die semantiese kenmerk selekteer wat hierdie argumente moet he as hulle saam met daardie werkwoorde verskyn. Hierdie werkwoorde is ondersoek met die doel om hul verskil te bepaal. Daar is bevind dat sommige buig werkwoorde dieselfde sintaktiese eienskappe het as die breek werkwoorde, behalwe dat buig werkwoorde ook reversiet is. 'n Verdere kenmerk is dat nie alle breek en buig werkwoorde voorkom met nul-verwante nominaIe. As hulle dit doen, beskryf die nominale die uitslag van die handeling in die werkwoord. Daar is ondersoek of kognitiewe voorwerpe, werkwoord alternasies en afgeleide werkwoorde toegelaat kan word, en daar is bevind dat sommiges dit toelaat.
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Mothiba, Mamokato Jerida. "The use of nonverbal communication with specific reference to Northern Sotho discourse." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2001.
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Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2005This study explores the use of nonverbal communication in Northern Sotho discourse. The paper serves as an introduction to the study of nonverbal communication in African languages. The concept of nonverbal communication is as equally important in a communication system as verbal communication . Therefore, this paper focuses onsome of the various forms of nonverbal communication such as facial expressions, proxemics, haptics, personal appearance, and most importantly, the concept of time. This study is done mainly in comparison with the Western way of doing things and how the social changes affect the use of these cues
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Mokhokhoba, Mamotheba Mataelo. "The classificatory system of human features in Sesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53618.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The classificatory system for features of humans in Sesotho has been investigated to show the unique nature of such human features. There are various models to handle the lexicon of a language and one of these models has been applied to Sesotho, i.e. the theory of the Generative lexicon. In chapter one attention has been given to the purpose of the study as well as various problems within lexical semantics such as lexical ambiguity. Chapter two is concerned with the theory of lexical semantics in which attention has been given to the various levels of representation of a noun in the lexicon. A representation has been given of the semantic entry of a noun in the Sesotho lexicon. Chapter three has the core of the study which investigates the semantic features of human nouns in Sesotho. Various semantic categories have been found within which such human nouns may be classified. The major categories contain nouns of humans with various physical and psychological features as well as nouns with features of various types of behaviour and features of wealth vs. poverty. Chapter four contains the conclusions of the study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die klassifikasie sisteem vir kenmerke van mense in Sesotho is ondersoek met die oog op die unieke aard van sulke menslike kenmerke. Daar is verskillende modelle om die leksikon van 'n taal te hanteer en een van hierdie modelle is toegepas op Sesotho, d.i. die teorie van die Generatiewe leksikon. In hoofstuk een is aandag gegee aan die doel van die studie asook verskeie probleme binne die leksikale semantiek waaronder leksikale dubbelsinnigheid. Hoofstuk twee handeloor die teorie van leksikale semantiek waarin aandag gegee is aan die verskillende vlakke van representasie van 'n naamwoord in die leksikon. 'n Voorstelling is gegee van die semantiese representasie van 'n naamwoord in die Sesotho leksikon. Hoofstuk drie bevat die kern van die studie wat handeloor semantiese kenmerke VIr naamwoorde wat mense aandui. Verskeie kategorieë is gevind waarin sulke naamwoorde tereg kom. Die belangrikste kategorieë bevat naamwoorde van mense met verskillende fisiese en psigologiese kenmerke asook naamwoorde wat dui op gedragspatrone en rykdom teenoor armoede. Hoofstuk 4 bevat die konklusies van die studie.
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Ngozo, Khulu Nicodemus. "The polysemy of selected motion verbs in Sesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53664.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The subject of this study is the polysemy of the motion verbs in Sesotho. Motion verbs can be classified as verbs of process or transition. This study examines the semantic and the syntactic properties of motion verbs in Sesotho. These motion verbs include verbs denoting process e.g. -ya, -tla, -tsamaya, -baleha, -nyoloha and -theoha as shown in the sentences below: a. Monna 0 ya toropong. 'The man goes to town' b. Bashanyana ba tsamaya thoteng. 'The boys walk in the veld' c. Bana ba tla hae. 'The children come home' d. Bashemane ba balehile mophatong. 'The initiates run away from the initiation school' e. Tshwene e theoha sefateng. 'The baboon descends from the tree' f. Banna ba nyoloha thaba. 'Men ascend the mountain' The study demonstrates that motion verbs in Sesotho are semantically divided into verbs denoting 'to go' e.g. -ya, verbs denoting 'to walk', e.g. -tsamaya, verbs denoting 'to run away', e.g. -baleha, verbs denoting to ascend, e.g. -nyoloha, verbs denoting to descend, e.g. -theoha. The study further demonstrates that these verbs are canonically intransitive. The study provides evidence that motion verbs are characterized by specific selection restrictions and event structures. The study further demonstrates that motion verbs are used with different subjects denoting (groups of) people, animals, abstract nouns, mass nouns, nouns denoting food, intoxicating and nonintoxicating liquids, natural phenomena, artifacts, natural object, possession/property, humans and animals. Lastly the lexical conceptual paradigm, providing the different word senses of each verb, is examined.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderwerp van hierdie studie is die polisemie van bewegingswerkwoorde m Sesotho. Bewegingswerkwoorde kan gekarakteriseer word as werkwoorde van proses (aktiwiteit) of transisie. Hierdie studie ondersoek die semantiese en sintaktiese eienskappe van bewegingswerkwoorde in Sesotho. Hierdie werkwoorde sluit in werkwoorde wat 'n proses (aktiwiteit) aandui, byvoorbeeld -~, -tla, -tsamaya, -baleha, -nyoloha en -theoha, soos geïllustreer in die volgende sinne: a. Monna 0 ya toropong. 'Die man gaan dorp toe' b. Bashanyana ba tsamaya thoteng. 'Die seuns loop in die veld' c. Bana ba tla hae. 'Die kinders gaan huis toe' d. Bashemane ba balehile mophatong. 'Die inisiante hardloop weg van die inisiasieskool' e. Tshwene e theoha sefateng. 'Die bobbejaan daal afuit die boom' f. Banna ba nyoloha thaba. 'Die mans bestyg die berg' Die studie demonstreer dat bewegingswerkwoorde in Sesotho semanties geklassifiseer kan word in werkwoorde wat beteken 'om te gaan', bv. -~, werkwoorde wat beteken 'om te loop', bv. -tsamaya, werkwoorde wat beteken 'om (weg) te hardloop', bv. -baleha, werkwoorde wat beteken 'om te bestyg', bv. -nyoloha, en werkwoorde wat beteken 'om afte daal', bv. -theoha. Die studie demonstreer verder dat bewegingswerkwoorde in Sesotho tiperend onoorganklik is. Daar word aangetoon dat hierdie werkwoorde gekenmerk word deur spesifieke seleksiebeperkings en gebeure-strukture ('event structures'). Die studie toon op uitgebreide wyse aan dat bewegingswerkwoorde in Sesotho met onderwerpe gebruik kan word wat verskillende semantiese tipes verteenwoordig, en wat verskillende kenmerke het, insluitende onderwerpe wat menslike individue, groepe mense of diere aandui, abstrakte naamwoorde, massanaamwoorde, voedsel, vloeistowwe, natuurlike verskynsels, artifakte, natuurlike voorwerpe, of be sittings.
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Bergh, Petrus Lodewikus. "Complexity in task-based course design for Sepedi in police interviews." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2714.
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Thesis (MA (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.The purpose of this study is to apply existing theories with regard to second language acquisition in a South African context, in order to address specific needs of Sepedi second language learners in the South African Police Service, with specific focus on the Community Service Centre and within the guidelines of the Batho Pele principles. The study presents an overview on Universal Grammar and the roles it played within second language acquisition as well as the principles and parameters it presented for language development. It further analysed the acquisition processes of languages and the roles the learner plays as individual and part of a social interacting group. Form-meaning connections utilised by learners is defined as a fundamental aspect for both first and second language acquisitions are discussed broadly in the study, inclusive of the psycholinguistic consequences as well as other input factors that may influence form-meaning connections. The specific role of language instruction is also reviewed in this study. Specific focus is placed on the roles of implicit and explicit instruction and the effectiveness thereof in second language acquisitioning and noticing. Task-based theories were also evaluated, with the accent on the definition of tasks, task characteristics, task grading and other factors relating to tasks such as procedural factors. The role of tasks was further explored in second language acquisition, inclusive of the variables that need to be addressed. The definition of tasks into focussed and unfocused tasks are also scrutinized against the learner interaction in the acquisition process. The implementation of tasks and the impact thereof on comprehension and language acquisition is also reviewed. Different models of methods to design a focussed task are discussed. The successful acquisition of a second language will also be based on the correct collation of data and the sequencing thereof in such manners to allow learners the opportunity to comprehend it as sufficiently as possible. The study further focuses on the methodology of task-based teaching and the use of communicative tasks in second language acquisition. Finally the interviews between the community and the police officials are then analysed in respect of complexity models, against the cognitive and syntactic complexity for specific purposes as well against the genre-approach to second language teaching. The characterizing of such interviews will allow the defining and grading of tasks to ensure sound development of teaching models for second language learning.
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Mothiba, Tebogo Innocent. "The application of reversibility principle in Northern Sotho-english Bilingual dictionaries : a lexicographic analysis." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1140.
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Thesis (M.A. (Translation Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2012This study focuses on aspects that form part of the reasons of not having complete bidirectional bilingual dictionaries and to find solutions to those problems. The following dictionaries have been evaluated in this study: Oxford Pukuntšu ya Sekolo School Dictionary (2010), Pharos Popular Northern Sotho Dictionary (2007 & 2009) and Sesotho sa Leboa/English Pukuntšu Dictionary (2006). Most African bilingual dictionaries which are supposed to be bidirectional are not because reversibility is not applied thoroughly. This study focuses on checking how Northern Sotho-English bilingual dictionaries apply the reversibility principle. When evaluating bilingual dictionaries it comes to light that there are a lot of errors that lexicographers commit and these errors negatively affect the process of compiling complete user-friendly bidirectional dictionaries. Having user-friendly bidirectional bilingual dictionaries is very important because dictionaries help different language speakers to learn each other’s language.
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Maruma, Mamalatswa Walburga. "A genre-theoretic analysis of sports texts in Sepedi." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49820.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study utilises the theoretical framework of text construction developed by Grabe and Kaplan (1996) for the analysis of Sepedi sports articles from Bona Magazine. This includes linguistic elements which are applicable in language learning to equip learners with analytic skills. These skills are indicated in the Curriculum 2005 for the learning area: languages. These skills will enable learners to analyse the discourse structure of written texts effectively. Use is made of various textlinguistic strategies for analysing written genre texts on sports matters. Including these strategies in language learning and teaching situation will help learners to understand how language is used in text analysis. In order to demonstrate how to analyse texts practically, these strategies are investigated through sports texts from Bona Magazine. This study demonstrates the importance of generic factors for a proper analysis of texts. These factors include the community in which the text is produced, cultural factors and the communicative purpose of a text. In exploring the generic features of texts, the definition of the term text is investigated, including all its characteristics, textlinguistic construction and levels of text analysis are also identified. This study demonstrates the importance of including the parameters of the ethnography of writing advanced by Grabe and Kaplan (1996) in the analysis of the linguistic structure of texts. The ethnography of writing entails that a thorough text analysis should address the following question: AWho writes what to whom for what purpose, why, when and hews. The study examines the importance of utilising text analysis in language learning and teaching. The study also demonstrates the relationship between the theoretical aspects examined and the learning outcomes of Curriculum 2005. The study thus demonstrates how the theoretical framework discusses is applicable in the analysis of Sepedi texts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie maak gebruik van die teoretiese raamwerk van tekskonstruksie ontwikkel deur Grabe en Kaplan (1996) vir die analise van Sepedi sport artikels vanuit die BONA tydskrif. Hierdie tekslinguistiese model sluit in die linguistiese elemente wat toepaslik is in taalleer en wat leerders met analitiese vaardighede toerus. Hierdie vaardighede word in Kurrikulum 2005 gespesifiseer vir die leerarea van tale. Hierdie vaardighede stelleerders in staat om die diskoers struktuur van geskrewe teks te analiseer. Die studie maak gebruik van In verskeidenheid tekslinguistiese strategieë vir die analise van geskrewe genres oor sportsake. Die insluiting van die onderrig van hierdie strategieë sal leerders help om te verstaan hoe taal gebruik word in terme van teksanalise. Ten einde die praktiese toepassing van die analise van tekste te illustreer, word die betrokke tekslinguistiese strategieë ondersoek met verwysing na die BONAtekste. Die tesis demonstreer die belang van genre-analitiese eienskappe in die analise van tekste. Hierdie faktore hou o.a. verband met gemeenskap waarin die teks geproduseer word, kulturele faktore, en die kommunikatiewe doelstelling van die teks. In die ondersoek van die genre-analitiese eienskappe van tekste, word die definisie van die term teks ondersoek, insluitende die tekslinguistiese konstruksie en die vlakke van teks-analise. Die studie demonstreer voorts die belang van die parameters van die etnografie van skryf, soos voorgestel deur Grabe en Kaplan in die analise van die struktuur van tekste. Die etnografie van skryf hou in dat In deeglike analise van tekste die volgende vrae moet aanspreek: "Wie skryf wat aan wie, vir watter doel, hoekom, waar en hoe." Die studie ondersoek die belang van die gebruik van teksanalise in leer en onderrig. Die studie demonstreer ook die verband tussen teoretiese aspekte en die leeruitkomste van Kurrikulum 2005. Die studie toon aan hoe die teoretiese raamwerk toepaslik is in die analise van Sepedi tekste.
SEPEDI SENAGANWA: Kakanyothema ye e somisa kakanyo ya semolomo ya hlamo ya dingwalwa, ye e tSweletSwago ke Grabe Ie Kaplan (1996) tshekatshekong ya dingwalwakgolo tsa dipapadi go tswa kqatisobakenq ya Sepedi. Se se akaretsa dithopolelo tseo di lego maleba thutopolelong yeo e hlamago barutwana ka mabokgone a go sekaseka. Mabokgone a tSwelela lenaneothutong la 2005 mafapheng a boithutelo a maleme. Go somisitSwe mekgwa ya go fapana ya temanapolelo go sekaseka dingwalwa tsa go amana le tsa dipapadi. Go akaretsa mekgwa ye go ruteng le go ithuteng polelo go tla thusa barutwana go kweslsa ka moo polelo e somiswago tshekatshekong ya dingwalwa. Go laetSa tirlso tshekatshekong ya dingwalwa, mekgwa ye ya tshekatsheko e nyakisisitswe ka go sornlëa dingwalwa tsa dipapadi go tswa go kqatlsobaka ya Bona. Kakanyothema ye e bea pepeneneng bohlokwa bja dinhla tsa besetshaba tshekatshekong ya maleba ya dingwalwa. Dinhla tseo di akaretsa lefelo leo sengwalwa se hlamilwego go lona, dinhla tsa setso le morero woo 0 tsweletswaqo ke sengwalwa. Go nyakisiseng ka ga ponagalo tSa besetshaba. hlathollo ya lereo le 'sengwalwa' e nyakisisitSwe, go akeretse le dipharoloqantsho tsa sona, hlamego ya temanapolelo le magato a go sekaseka sengwalwa a laedltswe, Thuto ye e laetSa bohlokwa bja go akaretSa le hlaloso ya phapantsho ka hlalososemahlale ya go ngwalwa bjalo ka ge e tsweletswa ke Grabe le Kaplan (1996) tshekatshekong ya dibopego tsa polelo tsa dingwalwa. Hlalososemahlale e tsweletsa gore tshekatsheko ye etebilego ya dingwalwa e swanetse go araba potslso tse di latelago: 'Mang 0 ngwalela mang, go tsweletsa eng, ka baka lang, kae, neng, bjang?' Kakanyothema ye e lekodlslêa bohlokwa bja go somrsa tshekatsheko ya dingwalwa go ruteng le go ithuteng polelo. Thuto ye e laetsa le tswalano ye e lego gona gare ga dinhla tSasemolomo tseo di lekotSwego le ditebanyo tsa boithutelo tsa lenaneothuto la 2005. Ke ka fao kakanyothema ye e beago pepeneneng ka moo kakanyosemolomo yeo e hlalosïtsweqo e ka diriswago tshekatshekong ya dingwalwa tsa dipapadi tsa Sepedi.
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Sekhoela, William Godwright. "Account-giving in the narratives of personal experience in Sepedi." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1200.
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Mlangeni, Khatamela Christopher. "Basic emotion words in Sesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52148.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to identify the basic emotion verbs in Sesotho. Five basic emotions verb are identified: anger, anxiety, disgust, sadness, and fear. The verbs, expressions, as well as idiophones that express these emotions, are identified. Furthermore, the emotion words are semantically and syntactically analyzed. The outlay of the nine chapters is as follows: Chapter One is an Introduction in which reference is made to the aim of this study, methods used in compiling the data, and the analysis of the data. Chapter Two offers an overview of the basic emotions. A psychological overview of the work of the following scholars is undertaken: Le Doux (1998), Johnson-Laird and Oatley (1992), Tomkins (1962), Plutchik (1980), and Izard (1971); as well as a linguistic overview of the work of the following scholars: Kovecses (1989), Wierzbicka (1989), Frijda (1986), and Goddard (1998). Chapter Three deals with the lexical semantics which will be used in analyzing the different emotion words. Chapter Four deals with anger words. It starts with an overview of anger as treated by the following scholars: Taylor and Mbense (1998), Kovecses (1989), and Lakoff and Kovecses (1987). The treatment of the data (the expression of anger in Sesotho) starts with the definition of anger, followed by expressions of anger and the verbs of anger which are analyzed semantically and syntactically. Another form of the expression of anger, namely the threat, is also analyzed semantically and syntactically. Chapter Five deals with anxiety, Chapter Six with disgust, Chapter Seven with sadness and Chapter Eight with fear. In all these instances, the definition of the emotion word is followed by relevant expressions and verbs which are semantically and syntactically analyzed. The last chapter, Chapter Nine, offers conclusions regarding the five different types of emotion words in Se otho.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie stu die is om die basiese emosie-werkwoorde in Sesotho te behandel. Vyf basiese emosies word geidentiflseer, naamlik toorn/woede, angstigheid, walging, droefheid en vrees. Die werkwoorde en uitdrukkinge, sowel as idiofone wat hierdie emosies uidruk, word geidentifiseer. Voorts word die emosie-woorde semanties en sintakties geanaliseer. Die uitleg van die nege hoofstukke is soos volg: Hoofstuk Een is die Inleiding, met besonderhede betreffende die doel van die stud ie, metodes gebruik in die inwin en opstel van die data, sowel as die analise van die data. Hoofstuk Twee behandel die basiese emosies oorsigtelik. 'n Psigologiese oorsig so os verwant in die werk van die volgende deskundiges word onderneem: Le Doux (1998), Johnson-Laird en Oatley (1992), Tomkins (1962), Plutchik (1980) en Izard (1971); daar is ook 'n linguistieke oorsig van die werk van Kovekses (1989), Wierzbicka (1989), Frijda (1986) en Goddard (1998). Hoofstuk Drie behandel die leksikale semantiek wat in die analise van die verskillende emosie-woorde gebruik sal word. Hoofstuk Vier behandel die woede-woorde. Dit begin met 'n oorsig van woede soos behandel in die werk van Taylor en Mbense (1998), Kovecses (1989) en Lakoff en Kovecses (1987). Die behandeling van die data begin met 'n definisie van woede, en word gevolg deur 'n semantiese en sintaktiese analise van uitdrukkinge en werkwoorde wat woede uitdruk. 'n Ander vorm van woedeuitdrukking, naamlik die dreigement, word ook semanties en sintakties geanaliseer. Hoofstuk Vyf behandel angstigheid, Hoofstuk Ses walging, Hoofstuk Sewe droefheid, en Hoofstuk Agt vrees. In elke hoofstuk word 'n definisie van die emosie-woord gevolg deur 'n behandeling van relevante werkwoorde en uitdrukkinge wat semanties en sintakties geanaliseer word. Die laaste hoofstuk, Hoofstuk Nege, bring sekere gevolgtrekkinge betreffende die vyf ver killende tipes van emo ie-woorde in Sesotho.
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Boro, Krishna. "A Grammar of Hakhun Tangsa." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22739.
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Hakhun Tangsa is one of around eighty ethnic and linguistic communities called Tangsa or Tangshang. Hakhuns live mostly in Arunachal Pradesh, India, and in Sagaing Division, Myanmar. The number of speakers is estimated at around ten thousand. Hakhun is a Tibeto-Burman language, and it forms a subgroup with Nocte, Wancho, Phom, Konyak, Chang, and Khiamngan called Konyak or Northern Naga.
Hakhun is a tonal language with twenty-two consonants, six vowels, and a simple syllable structure. Open word classes include Nouns and Verbs; property concept terms form a subclass of verbs. Noun roots are mostly monosyllabic, and most multisyllabic nouns are compounds. Nominal morphology includes prossessive prefixes and a set of semantically specific suffixes. Case is coded by postpositions.
Verb roots are also mostly monosyllabic. A few verbs have suppletive stems. Verb serialization is common, and expresses complex events like resultative and sequential. A few grammaticalized verbs/elements contribute abstract meanings like phase, associated motion, causative, benefactive, etc. Typical verbal categories are expressed by independent particles. The most extensive and grammatically obligatory set consists of single syllable particles called operators, which express verbal categories like tense, mood, deixis, negation, inverse, and argument indexation. The typical argument indexation pattern is hierarchical. Deviations from this pattern is used to express certain pragmatic effects like affectedness and politeness.
Non-verbal clauses may take overt copulas depending on tense and polarity. Most semantic distinctions, such as equation, property-concepts, quantification, simulation, and location are expressed by the nominal strategy. Existential and possession are expressed by a distinct strategy. Typical verbal clauses include intransitive, transitive, and ditransitive; less typical ones include weather condition, sensation-emotion, reflexive, reciprocal, and ‘need’ constructions. Person-based split-ergativity is seen in case marking, where first and second person singular arguments follow accusative, and the rest ergative alignment. Accusative alignment is also found in argument indexation in non-final clauses. The object alignment is indirective in case marking.
Complement clauses include sentence-like, non-finite, and infinitive complement clauses. Adverbial clauses include various kinds of temporal clauses, temporal/conditional clauses, counterfactual, concessive, purpose, and substitutive clauses. Clause chaining (medial-final) is prevalent. Independent sentences are linked through tail-head linking and through connectives.
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Mothemela, Maale Florah. "Tshomiso le kgodiso ya dika tsa Sesotho sa Leboa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1204.
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Thesis (MA. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013This research is aimed at encouraging and empowering the Northern Sotho speaking people to make use of idioms in their everyday communication. A deep explanation of idioms was done as to how, where and when to use them. It has been discovered that idioms are not properly used at different places and levels. The researcher urges people to make use of idioms because they are rich with cultural values such as love and respect. It is very important, therefore, to understand and use idioms correctly as they have the literal as well as the figurative meanings.
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Mawela, Mmasello Glothildah. "The impact of language registers on Sepulana : a case of Mapulana a ga Mogane." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2453.
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Cumberland, Linda A. "A grammar of Assiniboine a Siouan language of the Northern Plains (Montana, Saskatchewan) /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3195576.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Anthropology, 2005.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-11, Section: A, page: 4002. Adviser: Douglas R. Parks. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 10, 2006).
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Musah, Agoswin [Verfasser]. "A Grammar of Kusaal : A Mabia (Gur) Language of Northern Ghana / Agoswin Musah." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173657347/34.
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Ngobeni, Mkateko Melidah. "An analysis of zero equivalence in the translation of scientific terms from English into Northern Sotho." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1130.
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Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2013This study entails the translation of scientific terms from English into Northern Sotho. The reason one conducted this study is because translators experience difficulties in finding the correct equivalent terms, especially in Northern Sotho. Consequently, borrowing and transliteration of terms becomes their last resort. However, that does not help users of dictionaries to achieve their communicative goal. The study highlights that, the borrowing of terms leads to language shift and death as users no longer consider other equivalents. In addition, the study indicates that the constant usage of the borrowed terms causes the terms to lose meaning and function. The way in which people translate idiomatic expressions is a huge problem as well. Mostly, people end up using literal translation and subsequently, the whole meaning of a text is lost or misunderstood.
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Wade-Woolley, Lesly A. (Lesly Ann). "For-to complements in Appalachian English." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59236.
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This thesis investigates the phenomenon of for-to complements in several dialects, focusing primarily on Appalachian English, though Belfast English and Ottawa Valley English are also examined. Following Chomsky's Government and Binding theory, we develop an analysis of for-to that predicts the distribution of for-to complements based on the requirements of Case, and the varieties of licit movement of features allowed by each dialect. To do this, we propose a Revised Case Filter which requires functional categories bearing Case features to discharge Case. We also show that the features of functional categories can move either by head movement (allowing movement of to into for) or by feature transmission (allowing for to move into to).Each of these mechanisms generates a specific range of well-formed for-to complements; the distribution of these complements can be predicted by the ways in which the dialects allow features to move. Appalachian English and Ottawa Valley English allow head movement of features only, while Belfast English allows features to move via head movement and feature transmission. Thus for-to complements are more wide-spread in Belfast English than in the other for-to dialects. Standard English, which does not allow features to move unless they are accompanied by lexical material, does not exhibit for-to complements at all.
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Pole, Tlou Gilbert. "A genre-theoretic analysis of texts of government speeches in Sepedi." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50251.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study assumes the theoretical framework of text construction as advanced by Grabe and Kaplan (1996) for the analysis of Sepedi texts of government speeches from the magazine: ANC TODAY. The theory that is used in this study invokes the linguistic elements that can be used by both the teachers and learners to critically analyse texts in classrooms. This genre-theoretic approach is employed as framework, for analysing the linguistic, rhetorical and discourse properties for Sepedi texts. It also addresses the parameters of the ethnography of writing advanced by Grabe and Kaplan: "who writes what to whom, for what purpose, why, when and how?' The text construction analysis executed in the study enable the learners to acquire skills, knowledge and values of outcomes-based language teaching. The information structuring of text analysis and construction enables learners to write, read and use language structure and conventions for learning and career pathways. The textlinguistic strategies for analysing written texts in language teaching enables learners to analyse texts successfully and gain an awareness of language use in texts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie aanvaar die teoretiese raamwerk van tekskonstruksie soos voorgestaan deur Grabe en Kaplan (1996) in die analise van Sepedi tekste van regeringstoesprake uit die tydskrif ANC TODAY. Die teorie wat aanvaar word, gebruik die linguistiese elemente wat aangewend kan word deur taalonderwysers sowel as taalleerders om tekste krities te ontleed. Die genre-teoretiese benadering word ingespan as raamwerk vir die analise van die linguistiese, retoriese, en diskoerskenmerke van Sepedi tekste. Dit spreek ook die etnografie van skryf, soos voorgestaan deur Grabe en Kaplan, aan: wie skryf wat aan wie, vir watter doel, wanneer, waarom, en hoe. Die tekskonstruksie analise uitgevoer in hierdie studie stel leerders in staat om vaardighede, kennis en waardighede van uitkoms-gebaseerde taalonderrig te verwerf. Die informasie strukturering in teksanalise stel leerders in staat om te lees, skryf en praat in hulle toekomstige beroepe. Die tekslinguistiese strategieë vir die analise van geskrewe tekste in taalonderrig stel leerders in staat om tekste suksesvol te ontleed en 'n bewussyn te ontwikkel van taalgebruik in tekste.
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Sekotlong, Mmatladi Roseline. "Emergent idioms in Northern Sotho." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14535.
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M.A.Growth and change in the idiomatic lore of Northern Sotho in Mamelodi has emphasized the need for a thorough study on emergent idioms. There is abundant evidence that Northern Sotho as a language abounds in idioms covering all phases of the experience and life of the people ...
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Van, der Schyff Frans Edwin. "Die werkwoordkategorieë van Noord-Sotho." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9326.
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D.Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)The verb categories of Northern Sotho pose a problem which is still vague and controversial, despite the fact that it has often been addressed in the literature. This divergence of opinion concerning verb categories can be attributed to many factors of which the approach towards the description of the verb categories surely is one of the most important. Two main approaches to the problem can be distinguished, namely the universalistic and descriptive approaches. In both approaches the perception of universals plays an important role which proves that it is essential to examine universals beforehand. Firstly, universals are viewed in historical context. The methods to determine universals are examined, clearly distinguishing indu ction and deduction. It was found-however that the rigid application of these two methods, as suggested by Bloomfield and Hjelmslev respectively, amongst others, has proved to be unsatisfactory. The methods followed by Chomsky and Reichling, as inductive as those of Bloomfield, supply a solution as both are concerned with the nature of language. Van Wyk, supporting the views of these two linguists, distinguishes between quantitative and qualitative induction. He also stresses the need for interaction between induction and deduction as well as between the two methods of induction. The following types of universals are distinguished, namely general features, essential features, hypothetical universals, universal principles and categories, absolute and available universals, universal tendencies and simple and complex universals. The essence of these types lies in the distinction between essential and general features. Universals also play a role in the description of verb categories. Thus it is essential to determine to which type of universals the verb categories belong and whether the appearance is similar in all languages. The notions tense, aspect and mood as they appear in the literature, are examined. These notions are not as simple as is generally accepted. The 'present tense', for example, doesn't necessarily refer to action taking place NOW. It can also refer to general and habitual actions. The 'future tense' is more an issue of modality than of tense, because modal auxiliary verbs are used to indicate the so-called future tense. The notion of aspect frequently appears in the Slavic languages. It is a morphological category used to indicate the perfection or imperfection of an action. Mood is a morphological category of the verb being used to express the speaker's attitude towards his utterance. A distinction is made between tense and time, aspect and actionsart and mood and modality. For the purpose of this study, only the first of each group, namely the morphological forin, is of importance. Therefore the universality of each should be determined. It was found that the notions of tense, aspect and mood are not universal, but only available categories which a language may use. When existing views concerning the named categories in the African languages are compared, different viewpoints and a fair amount of confusion arise. Some categories, for example, are classified by certain writers as tenses, while others classify them as moods. The notion of aspect, found in the African languages, has not yet fully been explored. Definitions, concerning the verb categories, lack sufficiency and description. Confusion concerning the verb categories in the African languages can be attributed to the perception and treatment of universals, as well as the methods used to describe verb categories. The universalistic and descriptive approaches towards language description are compared. The conclusion is drawn that the descriptive method is the most appropriate for language description as it is not based on preconceived ideas about language. The verb categories of Northern Sotho are identified, classified and defined according to the descriptive approach. The system of the verb categories of Northern Sotho is as follows: two main categories are distinguished, namely primary categories (consisting of single verbs) and secondary categories (consisting of construction with deficient verb stems). The primary categories are divided into aspects (imperfectum and perfectum) and contingent categories (indicative, situative and relative), clausal categories (subjunctive, consecutive and habitual), and non-predicative categories (infinitive and imperative). The secondary verb categories are the futuritive, potential, progressive and casual categories.
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Mampuru, Deborah Maphoko. "The habitual mood in Northern Sotho." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9779.
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Phaahla, Pinkie. "First and second person in Northern Sotho." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11792.
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Basson, Ethel. "Die naamwoordsisteem in Noord-Sotho." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9875.
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Van, der Schyff Frans Edwin. "Die kousatief in Noord-Sotho." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11785.
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Bushney, Melanie Jean. "Noord-Sotho-spreekwoorde : 'n linguistiese ontleding." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9242.
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Van, Staden Willem Jacobus. "Rang- en kategorieverskuiwing in Noord-Sotho, met spesiale verwysing na die bywoord en die voegwoord." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10635.
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Swanepoel, Carel Johannes. "Die segmentele fonologie van Noord-Sotho : 'n transformasioneel generatiewe interpretasie." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11891.
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Koch, Marius. "Die interjektiewe demonstratief in Noord-Sotho." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14678.
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M.A. (African Languages)The interjective demonstrative appears to be a problematic word category. This study investigates the current views on this subject in Northern Sotho. The morphology, semantics, syntax and the phonology of the interjective demonstrative are investigated and analyzed with the help of native speakers of Northern Sotho. The investigation reveals new perspectives concerning the unique character of the interjective demonstrative as a word category ...
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Kganakga, Thobakgale Johannes. "Agreement morphemes in Northern Sotho constructions : a morphological and semantic study." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2093.
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Botha, Marina. "'n Toegepaste linguistiese verantwoording vir die opleiding van onderwysers van Noord-Sotho aan onderwyskolleges." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11620.
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