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Journal articles on the topic 'Northern Sotho language - Grammar'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Posthumus, L. "Wetenskaplike woordidentifikasie en -klassifikasie in Bantoetale met besondere verwysing na Zoeloe." Literator 22, no. 2 (August 7, 2001): 133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v22i2.366.

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Scientific word identification and classification in Bantu languages with special reference to Zulu Despite the fact that Van Wyk’s word theory (1958) is the only scientifically justified word theory for Bantu languages, his work has not had the expected impact on the study of Bantu languages (especially the Nguni languages). This is partly due to the fact that his thesis was written in Afrikaans and is inaccessible to many Bantu language scholars. Secondly, this state of affairs is due to the fact that his treatise is highly theoretical and that the principles have not been applied exhaustively to Zulu or any of the other Nguni languages. Lombard et al.’s Northern Sotho grammar of 1985 is the only grammar written totally within the Van Wykian framework. The recognition of a word category “particle (word)” is probably the aspect that has had the most far-reaching consequences for a morphological and syntactical analysis of Bantu languages. The justification for distinguishing a word category “particle word” is examined in this article.

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2

Kotzé, Petronella M., and Winston N. Anderson. "A computational morphological analyser for Northern Sotho deverbative nouns: applying Xerox finite-state software to traditional grammar." South African Journal of African Languages 25, no. 1 (January 2005): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2005.10587249.

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3

Zerbian, Sabine. "Questions in northern Sotho." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 43 (January 1, 2006): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.43.2006.294.

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This article gives an overview of the marking of polar and constituent questions in Northern Sotho, a Bantu language of South Africa. It thereby provides a contribution to the typological investigation of sentence types in the world’s languages. As will be shown, Northern Sotho follows cross-linguistic tendencies in marking interrogative sentences: It uses intonation as main indicator in polar questions and question words as main indicator in constituent questions. Nevertheless, it also shows interesting language-specific variation, e.g. with respect to the location of raised intonation in polar questions, the presence of two pragmatically distinct question particles in polar questions, or a split in the formation of constituent questions based on the grammatical function of the questioned constituent.

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4

Zerbian, Sabine. "Inversion structures in Northern Sotho." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 24, no. 3 (September 2006): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073610609486425.

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5

van Wyk, E. B. "Proclitic bo of Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 7, no. 1 (January 1987): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1987.10586681.

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6

Pretorius, W. J. "Adverbial descriptions in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 29, no. 1 (January 2009): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2009.10587314.

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7

Louwrens, L. J. "Mood and modality in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 10, no. 1 (January 1990): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1990.10586827.

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8

Prinsloo, D. J. "Lemmatization of verbs in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 14, no. 2 (January 1994): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1994.10587037.

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9

Kosch, Ingeborg M. "Thoughts on suppletion in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 18, no. 2 (January 1998): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1998.10587185.

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10

Kock, J. H. M. "Variation in Northern Sotho adjective constructions." South African Journal of African Languages 20, no. 3 (January 2000): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2000.10587431.

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11

Sepota, Moloko. "The overloading of Northern Sotho prepositions." South African Journal of African Languages 21, no. 1 (January 2001): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2001.10587464.

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12

Mojalefa, M. J. "Classification of Northern Sotho detective stories." South African Journal of African Languages 21, no. 3-4 (January 2001): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2001.10587471.

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13

Mokgale, Makgopa. "Closural strategies in Northern Sotho Novels." South African Journal of African Languages 21, no. 3-4 (January 2001): 410–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2001.10587489.

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14

Zerbian, Sabine. "Expression of information structure in the Bantu language Northern Sotho." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 45 (January 1, 2006): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.45.2006.331.

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Die Hauptthese dieser Dissertation ist, dass Nord-Sotho keinen obligatorischen Gebrauch von grammatischen Mitteln zur Markierung von Fokus macht, weder in der Syntax noch in der Prosodie oder Morphologie. Trotzdem strukturiert diese Sprache eine Äußerung nach informationsstrukturellen Aspekten. Konstituenten, die im Diskurs gegeben sind, werden entweder getilgt, pronominalisiert oder an den rechten oder linken Satzrand versetzt. Diese (morpho-)syntaktischen Prozesse wirken so zusammen, dass die fokussierte Konstituente oft final in ihrem Teilsatz erscheint. Obwohl die finale Position keine designierte Fokusposition ist, ist das Wissen um diese Tendenz doch entscheidend für das Verständnis einer morphologischen Alternation, die in Nord-Sotho am Verb erscheint und die in der Literatur im Zusammenhang mit Fokus diskutiert wurde. Obwohl also ein direkter grammatischer Ausdruck von formaler F(okus)-Markierung im Nord-Sotho fehlt, ist F-Markierung trotzdem entscheidend für die Grammatik dieser Sprache: Fokussierte logische Subjekte können nicht in kanonischer präverbaler Position erscheinen. Sie erscheinen stattdessen entweder postverbal oder in einem Spaltsatz, abhängig von der Valenz des Verbs. Obwohl Nord-Sotho bei Objekten im Gebrauch von Spaltsätzen eine Korrespondenz von komplexer Form mit komplexer Bedeutung zeigt, gilt diese Korrespondenz nicht für logische Subjekte. Die vorliegende Dissertation modelliert die oben genannten Ergebnisse im theoretischen Rahmen der Optimalitätstheorie (OT). Syntaktischer in situ Fokus und die Abwesenheit von prosodischer Fokusmarkierung können mit unkontroversen Beschränkungen erfasst werden. Für die Ungrammatikaliät fokussierter logischer Subjekte in präverbaler Position schlägt die vorliegende Arbeit die Modifizierung einer in der Literatur vorhandenen Beschränkung vor, die in Nord-Sotho von entscheidener Bedeutung ist. Die Form-Bedeutungs-Korrespondenz wird, wie andere Phänomene pragmatischer Arbeitsteilung auch, innerhalb der schwach bidirektionalen Optimalitätstheorie behandelt.

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15

L. Mphela, Kgabo, Mphoto J. Mogoboya, and Sekgaila J. Chokoe. "A case for the use of Northern Sotho as an Official Indigenous Language in Capricorn District Municipality, Limpopo Province." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 265–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2020/v9n4a12.

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This paper strives to make a case for the use of Northern Sotho as an indigenous official language in the post-apartheid South Africa. It contends that though Northern Sotho is constitutionally accorded the status of an official language in the new South Africa, it is marginalised in its practical everyday use as other languages still dominate it. The paper utilised Capricorn District Municipality in Limpopo Province as a case study that is grounded on the Qualitative research approach. It is, furthermore, underpinned by Ethnolinguistic Vitality and Afrocentric theoretical assumptions. Sampled data was collected by interviewing 24 Northern Sotho participants in the Municipality and was thematically analysed through the transcription of those interviews. The findings revealed that Northern Sotho does not enjoy the status that the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996) has granted it. It recommends that this constitutional travesty be rectified by implementing the existing Language Policies as it erodes the identity of the marginalised speakers of the language.

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16

Kosch, Ingeborg M. "‘Imperfect tense -a’ of Northern Sotho revisited." South African Journal of African Languages 8, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586743.

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17

Louwrens, L. J. "Northern Sotho colour terms and semantic universals." South African Journal of African Languages 13, no. 4 (January 1993): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1993.10586976.

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18

Lepota, Biki. "Exploring the ‘conditional mood’ in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 22, no. 2 (January 2002): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2002.10587502.

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19

Barnard, Riëtta. "Relationship between situative and relative in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 8, no. 3 (January 1988): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586752.

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20

Kock, J. H. M. "The redundancy principle: relative descriptions in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 17, no. 4 (January 1997): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1997.10587178.

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21

Visser, Marianna. "The category DP in Xhosa and Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 22, no. 4 (January 2002): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2002.10587517.

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22

Taljard, Elsabé, and Louis J. Louwrens. "On the modal status of Northern Sotho conditionals." South African Journal of African Languages 23, no. 3 (January 2003): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2003.10587215.

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23

Faaß, Gertrud, and D. J. Prinsloo. "A computational implementation of the Northern Sotho infinitive." South African Journal of African Languages 31, no. 2 (January 2011): 281–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2011.10587371.

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24

Zerbian, Sabine, and Etienne Barnard. "Realisations of a single high tone in Northern Sotho." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 27, no. 4 (April 12, 2009): 357–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/salals.2009.27.4.1.1021.

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25

Sekhukhune, P. D. "Pragmatics of discourse in Northern Sotho: A functional approach." South African Journal of African Languages 6, no. 1 (January 1986): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1986.10586649.

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26

Louwrens, L. J. "Some pragmatic functions of interrogative particles in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 7, no. 4 (January 1987): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1987.10586695.

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27

Prinsloo, D. J. "Towards computer-assisted word frequency studies in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 11, no. 2 (January 1991): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1991.10586891.

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28

Prinsloo, D. J. "Prescriptiveness versus descriptiveness—an approach for Northern Sotho lexicography." South African Journal of African Languages 12, no. 1 (January 1992): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1992.10586924.

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29

Makgamatha, P. M. "The functionality of character in the Northern Sotho narrative." South African Journal of African Languages 12, no. 2 (January 1992): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1992.10586931.

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30

Steyn, Elna. "A pragmatic reinterpretation of interrogative particles in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 12, no. 4 (January 1992): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1992.10586942.

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31

Louwrens, L. J. "Northern Sotho consecutive and habitual: mood, tense or aspect?" South African Journal of African Languages 15, no. 4 (January 1995): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1995.10587074.

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32

Mojapelo, Mampaka. "The external arguments of weather verbs in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 23, no. 3 (January 2003): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2003.10587214.

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33

Mojapelo, Mampaka L. "Morphology and semantics of proper names in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 29, no. 2 (January 2009): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2009.10587328.

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34

Messerschmidt, HJ, JJE Messerschmidt, and DP Thulo. "A human-assisted computer generated LA-grammar for simple sentences in Southern Sotho." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 21, no. 1-2 (June 2003): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073610309486327.

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35

Bright, William, and Mary Catherine O'Connor. "Topics in Northern Pomo Grammar." Language 71, no. 1 (March 1995): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415980.

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36

Raubenheimer, Rita I., and D. J. Prinsloo. "THE WRITING OF MULTIPLE-CHOICE ITEMS FOR NORTHERN SOTHO (FIRST LANGUAGE)." South African Journal of African Languages 6, sup1 (January 1986): 101–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1986.10586674.

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37

Louwrens, L. J. "Contrastiveness and the so-called absolute pronoun in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 5, no. 2 (January 1985): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1985.10586592.

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38

Swanepoel, C. B. "Rhyme as a distinctive feature in the Northern-Sotho sonnet." South African Journal of African Languages 7, no. 3 (January 1987): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1987.10586690.

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39

Makgamatha, M. P. "Use of expansible images in the Northern-Sotho nonwane production." South African Journal of African Languages 8, no. 1 (January 1988): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586744.

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40

PRETORIUS, W. J. "TRADITIONAL SONGS AS PART OF THE NORTHERN SOTHO POETIC HERITAGE." South African Journal of African Languages 8, sup1 (January 1988): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586768.

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41

Louwrens, L. J. "A functional interpretation of some agreement phenomena in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 11, no. 3 (January 1991): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1991.10586895.

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42

Prinsloo, Danie J. "Electronic Dictionaries viewed from South Africa." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 18, no. 34 (March 8, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v18i34.25798.

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The aim of this article is to evaluate currently available electronic dictionaries from a South African perspective for the eleven ofﬁcial languages of South Africa namely English, Afrikaans and the nine Bantu languages Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Tswana, Tsonga and Venda. A brief discussion of the needs and status quo for English and Afrikaans will be followed by a more detailed discussion of the unique nature and consequent electronic dictionary requirements of the Bantu languages. In the latter category the focus will be on problematic aspects of lemmatisation which can only be solved in the electronic dictionary dimension.

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43

Zerbian, Sabine, and Etienne Barnard. "Realisation of two adjacent high tones: Acoustic evidence from Northern Sotho." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 28, no. 2 (September 28, 2010): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2010.519099.

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44

Naicker, Suren. "An Analysis of Northern Sotho Idioms with Reference to Conceptual Metaphor Theory." Language Matters 50, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228195.2018.1539118.

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45

Bosman, Nerina, and Elsabé Taljard. "A Cross-Linguistic Study of BLOOD Metaphors in Afrikaans and Northern Sotho." Language Matters 52, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228195.2020.1854331.

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46

van Wyk, E. B. "Consecutive and relative in Northern Sotho: A problem in grammatical analysis." South African Journal of African Languages 6, no. 4 (January 1986): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1986.10586670.

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47

du Preez, Petronella M. "The syntax and semantics of part-whole relationships in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 13, no. 1 (January 1993): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1993.10586956.

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48

Joubert, Annekie. "Story-telling strategies employed in three Northern Sotho detective short stories." South African Journal of African Languages 30, no. 2 (January 2010): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2010.10587347.

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49

Kotzé, Albert E. "Lexical generality as a determinant of extension position in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 31, no. 1 (January 2011): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2011.10587354.

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50

Kotzé, Petronella M. "Tokenization rules for the disjunctively written verbal segment of Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 31, no. 1 (January 2011): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2011.10587360.

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