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Journal articles on the topic 'Northern Sotho language Northern Sotho language'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Zerbian, Sabine. "Questions in northern Sotho." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 43 (January 1, 2006): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.43.2006.294.

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This article gives an overview of the marking of polar and constituent questions in Northern Sotho, a Bantu language of South Africa. It thereby provides a contribution to the typological investigation of sentence types in the world’s languages. As will be shown, Northern Sotho follows cross-linguistic tendencies in marking interrogative sentences: It uses intonation as main indicator in polar questions and question words as main indicator in constituent questions. Nevertheless, it also shows interesting language-specific variation, e.g. with respect to the location of raised intonation in polar questions, the presence of two pragmatically distinct question particles in polar questions, or a split in the formation of constituent questions based on the grammatical function of the questioned constituent.

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2

L. Mphela, Kgabo, Mphoto J. Mogoboya, and Sekgaila J. Chokoe. "A case for the use of Northern Sotho as an Official Indigenous Language in Capricorn District Municipality, Limpopo Province." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 265–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2020/v9n4a12.

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This paper strives to make a case for the use of Northern Sotho as an indigenous official language in the post-apartheid South Africa. It contends that though Northern Sotho is constitutionally accorded the status of an official language in the new South Africa, it is marginalised in its practical everyday use as other languages still dominate it. The paper utilised Capricorn District Municipality in Limpopo Province as a case study that is grounded on the Qualitative research approach. It is, furthermore, underpinned by Ethnolinguistic Vitality and Afrocentric theoretical assumptions. Sampled data was collected by interviewing 24 Northern Sotho participants in the Municipality and was thematically analysed through the transcription of those interviews. The findings revealed that Northern Sotho does not enjoy the status that the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996) has granted it. It recommends that this constitutional travesty be rectified by implementing the existing Language Policies as it erodes the identity of the marginalised speakers of the language.

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3

Zerbian, Sabine. "Inversion structures in Northern Sotho." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 24, no. 3 (September 2006): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073610609486425.

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4

van Wyk, E. B. "Proclitic bo of Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 7, no. 1 (January 1987): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1987.10586681.

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5

Pretorius, W. J. "Adverbial descriptions in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 29, no. 1 (January 2009): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2009.10587314.

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6

Zerbian, Sabine. "Expression of information structure in the Bantu language Northern Sotho." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 45 (January 1, 2006): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.45.2006.331.

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Die Hauptthese dieser Dissertation ist, dass Nord-Sotho keinen obligatorischen Gebrauch von grammatischen Mitteln zur Markierung von Fokus macht, weder in der Syntax noch in der Prosodie oder Morphologie. Trotzdem strukturiert diese Sprache eine Äußerung nach informationsstrukturellen Aspekten. Konstituenten, die im Diskurs gegeben sind, werden entweder getilgt, pronominalisiert oder an den rechten oder linken Satzrand versetzt. Diese (morpho-)syntaktischen Prozesse wirken so zusammen, dass die fokussierte Konstituente oft final in ihrem Teilsatz erscheint. Obwohl die finale Position keine designierte Fokusposition ist, ist das Wissen um diese Tendenz doch entscheidend für das Verständnis einer morphologischen Alternation, die in Nord-Sotho am Verb erscheint und die in der Literatur im Zusammenhang mit Fokus diskutiert wurde. Obwohl also ein direkter grammatischer Ausdruck von formaler F(okus)-Markierung im Nord-Sotho fehlt, ist F-Markierung trotzdem entscheidend für die Grammatik dieser Sprache: Fokussierte logische Subjekte können nicht in kanonischer präverbaler Position erscheinen. Sie erscheinen stattdessen entweder postverbal oder in einem Spaltsatz, abhängig von der Valenz des Verbs. Obwohl Nord-Sotho bei Objekten im Gebrauch von Spaltsätzen eine Korrespondenz von komplexer Form mit komplexer Bedeutung zeigt, gilt diese Korrespondenz nicht für logische Subjekte. Die vorliegende Dissertation modelliert die oben genannten Ergebnisse im theoretischen Rahmen der Optimalitätstheorie (OT). Syntaktischer in situ Fokus und die Abwesenheit von prosodischer Fokusmarkierung können mit unkontroversen Beschränkungen erfasst werden. Für die Ungrammatikaliät fokussierter logischer Subjekte in präverbaler Position schlägt die vorliegende Arbeit die Modifizierung einer in der Literatur vorhandenen Beschränkung vor, die in Nord-Sotho von entscheidener Bedeutung ist. Die Form-Bedeutungs-Korrespondenz wird, wie andere Phänomene pragmatischer Arbeitsteilung auch, innerhalb der schwach bidirektionalen Optimalitätstheorie behandelt.

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7

Louwrens, L. J. "Mood and modality in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 10, no. 1 (January 1990): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1990.10586827.

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8

Prinsloo, D. J. "Lemmatization of verbs in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 14, no. 2 (January 1994): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1994.10587037.

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9

Kosch, Ingeborg M. "Thoughts on suppletion in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 18, no. 2 (January 1998): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1998.10587185.

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10

Kock, J. H. M. "Variation in Northern Sotho adjective constructions." South African Journal of African Languages 20, no. 3 (January 2000): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2000.10587431.

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11

Sepota, Moloko. "The overloading of Northern Sotho prepositions." South African Journal of African Languages 21, no. 1 (January 2001): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2001.10587464.

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12

Mojalefa, M. J. "Classification of Northern Sotho detective stories." South African Journal of African Languages 21, no. 3-4 (January 2001): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2001.10587471.

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13

Mokgale, Makgopa. "Closural strategies in Northern Sotho Novels." South African Journal of African Languages 21, no. 3-4 (January 2001): 410–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2001.10587489.

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14

Kosch, Ingeborg M. "‘Imperfect tense -a’ of Northern Sotho revisited." South African Journal of African Languages 8, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586743.

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15

Louwrens, L. J. "Northern Sotho colour terms and semantic universals." South African Journal of African Languages 13, no. 4 (January 1993): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1993.10586976.

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16

Lepota, Biki. "Exploring the ‘conditional mood’ in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 22, no. 2 (January 2002): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2002.10587502.

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17

Pretorius, W. J. "Die hiërargiese ontwikkeling en grammatiese kenmerke van die Noord- Sotho werkwoordstam -ba." Literator 26, no. 3 (July 31, 2005): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v26i3.239.

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The hierarchical development and grammatical features of the Northern Sotho verb stem -ba The objective of this article is to describe the synchronic grammatical features of the Northern Sotho verb stem -ba as well as to indicate the diachronic developmental process of this language form. A lack of sufficient knowledge in this regard exists due to the fact that very little information can be obtained from any publication or research project. The focus of this article is particularly on the structural and semantic characteristics of -ba when functioning as an auxiliary verb stem in word group context. The cognitive meaning as well as various delicate shades of meaning, which are generated as translation possibilities in different contexts, is investigated. Reference is also made to tense and aspect that are respectively determined by the auxiliary and complementary verbs per se. Categorial and hierarchical rank shifting is also illustrated by means of suitable examples. Data and examples are mainly obtained from the study of Pretorius (2004). These examples have been recorded after some sound ground-work has been undertaken. Various examples of auxiliary verb groups have not only been recorded from the literature, but also from daily conversations. It should, however, be made clear that no direct quotations from the literature have been made – only structures from the examples have been selected and processed before being submitted for verification. The data of selected examples have been submitted to three Northern Sotho first language speakers. These people are well equipped in both the practical as well as theoretical knowledge of Northern Sotho. The people concerned are Mr. S.M. Mabule (Vista), Mr. R.J. Mampuru (Vista), and Mr. S.J. Motshegoa (Institute for African Languages). These gentlemen are also fluent in Afrikaans which they all studied at tertiary level.

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18

Barnard, Riëtta. "Relationship between situative and relative in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 8, no. 3 (January 1988): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586752.

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19

Kock, J. H. M. "The redundancy principle: relative descriptions in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 17, no. 4 (January 1997): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1997.10587178.

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20

Visser, Marianna. "The category DP in Xhosa and Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 22, no. 4 (January 2002): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2002.10587517.

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21

Taljard, Elsabé, and Louis J. Louwrens. "On the modal status of Northern Sotho conditionals." South African Journal of African Languages 23, no. 3 (January 2003): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2003.10587215.

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22

Faaß, Gertrud, and D. J. Prinsloo. "A computational implementation of the Northern Sotho infinitive." South African Journal of African Languages 31, no. 2 (January 2011): 281–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2011.10587371.

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23

Zerbian, Sabine, and Etienne Barnard. "Realisations of a single high tone in Northern Sotho." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 27, no. 4 (April 12, 2009): 357–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/salals.2009.27.4.1.1021.

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24

Raubenheimer, Rita I., and D. J. Prinsloo. "THE WRITING OF MULTIPLE-CHOICE ITEMS FOR NORTHERN SOTHO (FIRST LANGUAGE)." South African Journal of African Languages 6, sup1 (January 1986): 101–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1986.10586674.

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25

Prinsloo, Danie J. "Electronic Dictionaries viewed from South Africa." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 18, no. 34 (March 8, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v18i34.25798.

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The aim of this article is to evaluate currently available electronic dictionaries from a South African perspective for the eleven ofﬁcial languages of South Africa namely English, Afrikaans and the nine Bantu languages Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Tswana, Tsonga and Venda. A brief discussion of the needs and status quo for English and Afrikaans will be followed by a more detailed discussion of the unique nature and consequent electronic dictionary requirements of the Bantu languages. In the latter category the focus will be on problematic aspects of lemmatisation which can only be solved in the electronic dictionary dimension.

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26

Sekhukhune, P. D. "Pragmatics of discourse in Northern Sotho: A functional approach." South African Journal of African Languages 6, no. 1 (January 1986): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1986.10586649.

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27

Louwrens, L. J. "Some pragmatic functions of interrogative particles in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 7, no. 4 (January 1987): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1987.10586695.

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28

Prinsloo, D. J. "Towards computer-assisted word frequency studies in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 11, no. 2 (January 1991): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1991.10586891.

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29

Prinsloo, D. J. "Prescriptiveness versus descriptiveness—an approach for Northern Sotho lexicography." South African Journal of African Languages 12, no. 1 (January 1992): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1992.10586924.

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30

Makgamatha, P. M. "The functionality of character in the Northern Sotho narrative." South African Journal of African Languages 12, no. 2 (January 1992): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1992.10586931.

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31

Steyn, Elna. "A pragmatic reinterpretation of interrogative particles in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 12, no. 4 (January 1992): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1992.10586942.

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32

Louwrens, L. J. "Northern Sotho consecutive and habitual: mood, tense or aspect?" South African Journal of African Languages 15, no. 4 (January 1995): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1995.10587074.

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33

Mojapelo, Mampaka. "The external arguments of weather verbs in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 23, no. 3 (January 2003): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2003.10587214.

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34

Mojapelo, Mampaka L. "Morphology and semantics of proper names in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 29, no. 2 (January 2009): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2009.10587328.

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35

Louwrens, L. J. "Contrastiveness and the so-called absolute pronoun in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 5, no. 2 (January 1985): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1985.10586592.

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36

Swanepoel, C. B. "Rhyme as a distinctive feature in the Northern-Sotho sonnet." South African Journal of African Languages 7, no. 3 (January 1987): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1987.10586690.

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37

Makgamatha, M. P. "Use of expansible images in the Northern-Sotho nonwane production." South African Journal of African Languages 8, no. 1 (January 1988): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586744.

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38

PRETORIUS, W. J. "TRADITIONAL SONGS AS PART OF THE NORTHERN SOTHO POETIC HERITAGE." South African Journal of African Languages 8, sup1 (January 1988): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586768.

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39

Louwrens, L. J. "A functional interpretation of some agreement phenomena in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 11, no. 3 (January 1991): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1991.10586895.

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40

Zerbian, Sabine, and Etienne Barnard. "Realisation of two adjacent high tones: Acoustic evidence from Northern Sotho." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 28, no. 2 (September 28, 2010): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2010.519099.

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41

Naicker, Suren. "An Analysis of Northern Sotho Idioms with Reference to Conceptual Metaphor Theory." Language Matters 50, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228195.2018.1539118.

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42

Bosman, Nerina, and Elsabé Taljard. "A Cross-Linguistic Study of BLOOD Metaphors in Afrikaans and Northern Sotho." Language Matters 52, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228195.2020.1854331.

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43

Pretorius, W. J. "’n Oorsig oor die grammatiese beskrywing van die sogenaamde ‘onderwerpskakel’ in Sotho en Zulu: histories en kontemporêr." Literator 20, no. 2 (April 26, 1999): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v20i2.473.

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A synopsis of the grammatical description of the so-called ‘subject concord’ in Sotho and Zulu: historical and comtemporary viewsThe term "concord” is generally used as an umbrella term for a diversity of language forms in the morphological description of language units in African languages. Since “concord" does not specifically indicate a unit of rank in the morphological hierarchy of language symbols, but implicitly refers to the function of language units, the result of this practice is that a purely grammatical distinction between related language units is not always possible. For example, historically and contemporarily, the so-called "subject concord" is often interpreted in morphologically diverse and often even contradictory ways. This article examines the grammatical status of the so-called "subject concord” in Northern Sotho and Zulu in terms of existing views regarding its morphological or word status in the light of Van Wyk's (1953, 1958 and 1967) research. Specific attention is paid to changes in rank, drawing a clear distinction between “subject concords” as verbal prefixal morphemes and “subject concords” as particle words. Finally, it is recommended that a clear grammatical distinction should be drawn between morphemes and words, and furthermore that reference to these units should differ terminologically. This viewpoint suggests that the term "concord" should rather be avoided completely.

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44

Prinsloo, D. J., and Rita I. Raubenheimer. "Troubleshooting multiple-choice items in Northern-Sotho item banks for First Language Education." South African Journal of African Languages 8, no. 3 (January 1988): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586757.

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45

van Wyk, E. B. "Consecutive and relative in Northern Sotho: A problem in grammatical analysis." South African Journal of African Languages 6, no. 4 (January 1986): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1986.10586670.

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46

du Preez, Petronella M. "The syntax and semantics of part-whole relationships in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 13, no. 1 (January 1993): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1993.10586956.

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47

Joubert, Annekie. "Story-telling strategies employed in three Northern Sotho detective short stories." South African Journal of African Languages 30, no. 2 (January 2010): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2010.10587347.

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48

Kotzé, Albert E. "Lexical generality as a determinant of extension position in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 31, no. 1 (January 2011): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2011.10587354.

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49

Kotzé, Petronella M. "Tokenization rules for the disjunctively written verbal segment of Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 31, no. 1 (January 2011): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2011.10587360.

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50

Kotzé, Petronella Maria. "A finite-state transducer for Northern Sotho deverbative nouns: the morphophonemic rules." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 23, no. 4 (November 2005): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073610509486397.

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