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Journal articles on the topic 'Northwest, pacific, juvenile literature'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Hunt, T. "Early Winter (Pacific Northwest)." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 16, no. 2 (March 25, 2009): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/isp011.

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2

Arkoosh, M. R., E. Clemons, A. N. Kagley, C. Stafford, A. C. Glass, K. Jacobson, P. Reno, et al. "Survey of Pathogens in Juvenile SalmonOncorhynchusSpp. Migrating through Pacific Northwest Estuaries." Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 16, no. 4 (December 2004): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/h03-071.1.

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3

Budra, Paul, and Jean MacIntyre. "The Pacific Northwest Renaissance Society." Renaissance and Reformation 37, no. 3 (March 5, 2015): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v37i3.22460.

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4

David, Aaron T., Charles A. Simenstad, Jeffery R. Cordell, Jason D. Toft, Christopher S. Ellings, Ayesha Gray, and Hans B. Berge. "Wetland Loss, Juvenile Salmon Foraging Performance, and Density Dependence in Pacific Northwest Estuaries." Estuaries and Coasts 39, no. 3 (November 9, 2015): 767–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-015-0041-5.

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5

Dawson, J. C. "Landmarks of Home in the Pacific Northwest." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 2, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/2.2.1.

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6

Johnson, Lyndal L., Gina M. Ylitalo, Mary R. Arkoosh, Anna N. Kagley, Coral Stafford, Jennie L. Bolton, Jon Buzitis, Bernadita F. Anulacion, and Tracy K. Collier. "Contaminant exposure in outmigrant juvenile salmon from Pacific Northwest estuaries of the United States." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 124, no. 1-3 (September 7, 2006): 167–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9216-7.

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7

Martin, C. "The Arbutus/madrone Files: Reading the Pacific Northwest." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/10.1.291.

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8

Pelayo-Martínez, Gloria, Roxana De Silva-Dávila, Carmen Franco-Gordo, and Aramis Olivos-Ortiz. "First record of Pickfordiateuthis vossi Brackoniecki, 1996 (Myopsida, Loliginidae) early life stages in the central Mexican Pacific." Check List 15, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/15.1.87.

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The grass squid Pickfordiateuthis vossi Brakoniecki, 1996 is a dwarf species distributed along the northwest coast of Mexico. In the eastern Pacific, little is known about its distribution and life cycle. Two specimens, which are considered the smallest individuals of the genus collected to date, were caught in zooplankton trawls during 2 oceanographic cruises (January and March 1998) carried out in the central Mexican Pacific. The paralarval and juvenile stages are described and represent a new record in the area, with a range extension of 600 km southwest from the nearest previous record.
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9

Gatlin, J. "On Sacred Ground: The Spirit of Place in Pacific Northwest Literature." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/13.1.258.

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10

Sprout, Frances. "Making Waves: Reading BC and Pacific Northwest Literature (review)." University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 3 (2012): 722–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/utq.2012.0086.

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11

Daly, Kendra L., and Charlotte Holmquist. "A key to the Mysidacea of the Pacific Northwest." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-179.

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A key to 28 species of Mysidacea of the coastal and inland waters of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia is presented. The literature on taxonomic revisions, continuing taxonomic problems, and recently described species is reviewed. Diagnostic illustrations and an annotated species list containing the geographic distribution and general ecology of each mysid are also included.
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12

Bonar, Scott A., Bruce D. Bolding, Marc Divens, and William Meyer. "Effects of Introduced Fishes on Wild Juvenile Coho Salmon in Three Shallow Pacific Northwest Lakes." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134, no. 3 (May 2005): 641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/t04-154.1.

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13

Morley, Sarah A., Patricia S. Garcia, Todd R. Bennett, and Philip Roni. "Juvenile salmonid (Oncorhynchus spp.) use of constructed and natural side channels in Pacific Northwest rivers." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 2811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-185.

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Off-channel habitats, critical components in the life histories of Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), have become increasingly rare in human-modified floodplains. The construction of groundwater-fed side channels is one approach that has been used in the Pacific Northwest to recreate off-channel habitats. We evaluated the effectiveness of this technique by comparing 11 constructed side channels with paired reference sites (naturally occurring channels fed by mixed groundwater and surface water) in western Washington. While total salmonid densities were not significantly different between channel types, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) densities were higher in constructed channels and trout densities were higher in reference channels during the winter. Constructed channels were deeper than reference channels and warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer but had lower physical habitat diversity, wood density, and canopy coverage. We did not detect significant differences in water chemistry or invertebrate parameters between channel types. Summer coho density was inversely correlated with minimum daily temperature and with total nitrogen and total phosphorous concentrations. Relative to other stream habitats, both constructed and reference channels supported high densities of juvenile coho salmon during the summer and winter.
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14

Smith, David L., John M. Nestler, Gary E. Johnson, and R. Andrew Goodwin. "Species-Specific Spatial and Temporal Distribution Patterns of Emigrating Juvenile Salmonids in the Pacific Northwest." Reviews in Fisheries Science 18, no. 1 (December 9, 2009): 40–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641260903304487.

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15

Allen, Ralph K. "On Sacred Ground: The Spirit of Place in Pacific Northwest Literature (review)." Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers 67, no. 1 (2005): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pcg.2005.0003.

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16

Nelson, Benjamin W., Carl J. Walters, Andrew W. Trites, and Murdoch K. McAllister. "Wild Chinook salmon productivity is negatively related to seal density and not related to hatchery releases in the Pacific Northwest." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 3 (March 2019): 447–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0481.

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Predation risk and competition among conspecifics significantly affect survival of juvenile salmon, but are rarely incorporated into models that predict recruitment in salmon populations. Using densities of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and numbers of hatchery-released Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts as covariates in spatially structured Bayesian hierarchical stock–recruitment models, we found significant negative correlations between seal densities and productivity of Chinook salmon for 14 of 20 wild Chinook populations in the Pacific Northwest. Changes in numbers of seals since the 1970s were associated with a 74% decrease (95% CI: −85%, −64%) in maximum sustainable yield in Chinook stocks. In contrast, hatchery releases were significantly correlated with Chinook productivity in only one of 20 populations. Our findings are consistent with recent research on predator diets and bioenergetics modeling that suggest there is a relationship between harbour seal predation on juvenile Chinook and reduced marine survival in parts of the eastern Pacific. Forecasting, assessment, and recovery efforts for salmon populations of high conservation concern should thus consider including biotic factors, particularly predator–prey interactions.
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17

Martens, Kyle D., and Jason Dunham. "Evaluating Coexistence of Fish Species with Coastal Cutthroat Trout in Low Order Streams of Western Oregon and Washington, USA." Fishes 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes6010004.

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When multiple species of fish coexist there are a host of potential ways through which they may interact, yet there is often a strong focus on studies of single species without considering these interactions. For example, many studies of forestry–stream interactions in the Pacific Northwest have focused solely on the most prevalent species: Coastal cutthroat trout. To examine the potential for interactions of other fishes with coastal cutthroat trout, we conducted an analysis of 281 sites in low order streams located on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula and along the central Oregon coast. Coastal cutthroat trout and juvenile coho salmon were the most commonly found salmonid species within these streams and exhibited positive associations with each other for both presence and density. Steelhead were negatively associated with the presence of coastal cutthroat trout as well as with coho salmon and sculpins (Cottidae). Coastal cutthroat trout most frequently shared streams with juvenile coho salmon. For densities of these co-occurring species, associations between these two species were relatively weak compared to the strong influences of physical stream conditions (size and gradient), suggesting that physical conditions may have more of an influence on density than species interactions. Collectively, our analysis, along with a review of findings from prior field and laboratory studies, suggests that the net effect of interactions between coastal cutthroat trout and coho salmon do not appear to inhibit their presence or densities in small streams along the Pacific Northwest.
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18

Gonzalez, Rosalinda, Jason Dunham, Scott Lightcap, and Jeff McEnroe. "Large Wood and Instream Habitat for Juvenile Coho Salmon and Larval Lampreys in a Pacific Northwest Stream." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 37, no. 4 (May 2, 2017): 683–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2017.1313794.

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19

ATKINSON, STEPHEN D., SIMON R. M. JONES, ROBERT D. ADLARD, and JERRI L. BARTHOLOMEW. "Geographical and host distribution patterns of Parvicapsula minibicornis (Myxozoa) small subunit ribosomal RNA genetic types." Parasitology 138, no. 8 (May 18, 2011): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011000734.

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SUMMARYParvicapsula minibicornis is a myxozoan parasite implicated in mortalities of both juvenile and pre-spawning adult salmon in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Disease severity and presentation varies between salmon species and geographical localities. To better characterize population structure of the parasite, we sought genetic markers in the P. minibicornis ribosomal RNA gene. We compared samples from California with the type specimen from British Columbia, identified sequence variations, and then sequenced 197 samples from fish, river water and the parasite's polychaete worm host. Although DNA sequences of the parasite were >98·9% similar, there was enough variation to define 15 genotypes. All genotypes were detected in fish samples, although not in all species. A single genotype only was found in sockeye and pink salmon in the Fraser River Basin, but was not detected in sockeye from the adjacent Columbia River Basin. All coho salmon, irrespective of river basin, were infected with a unique mix of 2 genotypes. These data indicated that the P. minibicornis population exhibited strong signals of structuring by both geography and salmonid host species. Particular genotypes may correlate with disease differences seen in salmon populations in the Pacific Northwest.
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20

Thompson, D. J., R. F. Newman, G. Hope, K. Broersma, and D. A. Quinton. "Nitrogen cycling in silvopastoral systems in the Pacific Northwest: A review." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-045.

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Clearcuts in interior British Columbia are often aerially seeded with domestic forages such as orchardgrass and alsike clover to prevent erosion and help control understorey vegetation during establishment of lodgepole pine plantations. These seeded clearcuts provide valuable mid-summer range for cattle and with careful management there is little damage to planted trees. There is growing concern about N losses due to clearcutting and site preparation and what effect these might have on long-term forest productivity. The literature indicates that without cattle or forage seeding natural N inputs from the atmosphere and N fixation are barely sufficient to provide adequate nutrition for a lodgepole pine stand. This literature review addresses what effect introducing domestic forages and cattle grazing can have on N cycling on clearcuts. Forage seeding alone may reduce N losses due to runoff and leaching and legumes can fix atmospheric N, but grazing by cattle can counteract some of these benefits. Estimates of N losses due to cattle grazing were calculated using summary data from a long-term grazing trial conducted in interior British Columbia where experimental pastures were either aerially seeded with clover-orchardgrass mixtures or left unseeded. Using forage yields, cattle gains, and a number of assumptions, N losses due to cattle grazing on the seeded pastures were calculated as 2.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1 compared with 0.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1 on native vegetation. Losses were from N in new cattle tissue and N volatilized from urine as ammonia. Increased losses due to grazing seeded forages were short-lived as the forage production of seeded pastures was equal to that of native vegetation by the seventh year. During this period, the losses due to grazing seeded forages may be balanced by increased capture of labile N by the forages. Key words: N cycling, seeded clearcuts, cattle grazing
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21

Wood, Nathan J., Jeanne Jones, Seth Spielman, and Mathew C. Schmidtlein. "Community clusters of tsunami vulnerability in the US Pacific Northwest." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 17 (April 13, 2015): 5354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1420309112.

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Many coastal communities throughout the world are threatened by local (or near-field) tsunamis that could inundate low-lying areas in a matter of minutes after generation. Although the hazard and sustainability literature often frames vulnerability conceptually as a multidimensional issue involving exposure, sensitivity, and resilience to a hazard, assessments often focus on one element or do not recognize the hazard context. We introduce an analytical framework for describing variations in population vulnerability to tsunami hazards that integrates (i) geospatial approaches to identify the number and characteristics of people in hazard zones, (ii) anisotropic path distance models to estimate evacuation travel times to safety, and (iii) cluster analysis to classify communities with similar vulnerability. We demonstrate this approach by classifying 49 incorporated cities, 7 tribal reservations, and 17 counties from northern California to northern Washington that are directly threatened by tsunami waves associated with a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. Results suggest three primary community groups: (i) relatively low numbers of exposed populations with varied demographic sensitivities, (ii) high numbers of exposed populations but sufficient time to evacuate before wave arrival, and (iii) moderate numbers of exposed populations but insufficient time to evacuate. Results can be used to enhance general hazard-awareness efforts with targeted interventions, such as education and outreach tailored to local demographics, evacuation training, and/or vertical evacuation refuges.
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22

Furtwangler, Albert. "On Sacred Ground: The Spirit of Place in Pacific Northwest Literature by Nicholas O'Connell." Oregon Historical Quarterly 106, no. 1 (2005): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ohq.2005.0036.

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23

Pagh, Nancy. "On Sacred Ground: The Spirit of Place in Pacific Northwest Literature by Nicholas O’Connell." Western American Literature 39, no. 2 (2004): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wal.2004.0021.

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24

Miller, J. A. "Scales of variation in otolith elemental chemistry of juvenile staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) in three Pacific Northwest estuaries." Marine Biology 151, no. 2 (October 20, 2006): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-006-0477-z.

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25

Wan, M. T., R. G. Watts, M. B. Isman, and R. Strub. "Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity to Juvenile Pacific Northwest Salmon of Azadirachtin, Neem Extract, and Neem-Based Products." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 56, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900062.

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26

Davydova, M. Yu, and Yu A. Martynov. ""Diffusive" border of isotopic reservoirs of indian and pacific morb types beneath Kamchatka." Доклады Академии наук 486, no. 6 (June 28, 2019): 691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524866691-694.

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The convergence zones of lithospheric plates in the Northwest Pacific are the boundaries of the two main isotopic domains of the Earth - the Indian and Pacific MORB types, separated be cold oceanic lithosphere. This configuration limits of their interaction by special geodynamic environments - the influence of deep plume sources or the distraction of the subducted slab and intrusion of the oceanic asthenosphere into the subcontinental mantle wedge. The latter mechanism is reconstructed in the Central Kamchatka Depression on the basis of geological, geochemical, and high-precision (double-spike) lead isotopic data. The role of the oceanic asthenosphere in magma generation in the zones of convergence of oceanic and continental lithospheres is a poorly studied but not unique phenomenon that must be considered under geodynamic reconstructions and the creation of new, more realistic models of the juvenile continental crust formation.
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27

Sinclair, James, Deanne Unruh, and Kim Kelly. "Relationships Matter: The Role Transition Specialists Play in Youth’s Reentry From the Juvenile Justice System." Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals 44, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165143420948838.

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Increasing engagement to school, employment, and community are strong predictors of reducing recidivism for youth involved in the juvenile justice system. This study examined what occurs at reentry upon leaving a youth correctional setting. This study comprised of qualitative semi-structured interviews of transition specialists (TSs; n = 7) and young offenders ( n = 8) who participated in a 4-year reentry project in the Pacific Northwest. A total of 21 (13 TS and eight youth) interviews were thematically coded. Findings from this study included the important role of the TS in supporting a youth’s school, family, and community reentry. Key themes are described around the services to support employment, school engagement, and independent living during a youth’s reentry into a school setting.
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28

De los Ríos-Escalante, Patricio, and Eliana Ibáñez-Arancibia. "Description of Leurocyclus tuberculosus (Decapoda, Brachyura) for northern Chilean Patagonian inner seas (41°S, Puerto Montt, Chile)." Crustaceana 94, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-bja10090.

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Abstract The brachyuran crab, Leurocyclus tuberculosus (H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1842) is widely distributed along the Atlantic coast of South America, but there are no precise records about its occurrence on the Chilean Pacific coast. The present study is a description of four juvenile specimens of L. tuberculosus collected from an intertidal prairie of Gracilaria sp. in an inner sea in Chile (41°S, Puerto Montt). According to existing literature, the specimens would be juvenile individuals belonging to L. tuberculosus that, in accordance with the literature, was described as probably inhabiting the Chilean coasts without more details. The literature revealed that this species is widely distributed along the Atlantic coasts of South America, and can also, probably due to dynamic oceanographic processes, be present on the southern Pacific coast.
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29

Yan, Guiping, Richard W. Smiley, Patricia A. Okubara, and Andrea M. Skantar. "Species-Specific PCR Assays for Differentiating Heterodera filipjevi and H. avenae." Plant Disease 97, no. 12 (December 2013): 1611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-13-0064-re.

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Heterodera avenae and H. filipjevi are economically important cyst nematodes that restrict production of cereal crops in the Pacific Northwest United States and elsewhere in the world. Identification of these two species is critical for recommending and implementing effective management practices. Primers were designed from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of H. avenae and H. filipjevi ribosomal DNA. The primers were highly specific when examined on target isolates but did not amplify DNA from nontarget Heterodera, Globodera, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, and other nematode species tested. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplification conditions were established, and H. avenae and H. filipjevi were clearly distinguished by PCR fragments of 242 and 170 bp, respectively. Robust PCR amplification was achieved with DNA extracted from a single egg or second-stage juvenile (J2) using a laboratory-made worm lysis buffer, and DNA from 0.5 egg or J2 using a commercial kit. The PCR assays were successfully employed for differentiation of H. filipjevi and H. avenae populations collected from eight locations in three Pacific Northwest states. This is the first report of a species-specific ITS PCR assay to detect and identify H. filipjevi. The assays for both species will enhance diagnosis of cereal cyst nematode species in infested fields.
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30

Keon, D. B. "Fertile Usnea Longissima in the Oregon Coast Range." Lichenologist 34, no. 1 (January 2002): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.2001.0364.

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AbstractApothecia from Usnea longissima thalli collected in the Oregon Coast Range are described. Fertile U. longissima specimens have seldom been observed and rarely documented in the literature. A brief history of accounts in the literature is given, and possible reasons for the infrequent occurrence of apothecia are discussed. This is the first published account of fertile U. longissima specimens in the U.S. Pacific Northwest.
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31

Ebel, Jonathan D., Amy M. Marcarelli, and Andre E. Kohler. "Biofilm nutrient limitation, metabolism, and standing crop responses to experimental application of salmon carcass analog in Idaho streams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 12 (December 2014): 1796–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0266.

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Dramatic declines of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations have decreased delivery of marine-derived material to Pacific Northwest streams where juvenile salmon reside. Managers use artificial nutrient additions to increase juvenile salmon growth and survival and typically assume nutrient-driven increases in biofilm production are an important pathway by which nutrients become available to higher trophic levels. To evaluate how biofilms respond to additions of salmon carcass analog, a pasteurized, processed form of nutrient mitigation materials, we quantified biofilm nutrient limitation, benthic and whole-stream metabolism, and biofilm standing crops before and following experimental additions in tributaries of the Salmon River, Idaho, USA. Biofilm nutrient limitation did not change and standing crop did not increase in response to analog additions at two different levels (low, 30 g·m−2; or high, 150 g·m−2) within 1 month of addition. In contrast, whole-stream and benthic primary productivity and respiration increased in a high-analog treated segment, but did not increase in a low-analog treated segment. Together, our results suggest that metabolism may be a more appropriate tool for assessing the ecosystem effects of nutrient additions than biofilm standing crop or nutrient limitation, which are constrained by a variety of abiotic and biotic factors like hydrology and grazing.
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32

Kock, Tobias J., Theresa L. Liedtke, Dennis W. Rondorf, John D. Serl, Mike Kohn, and Karin A. Bumbaco. "Elevated Streamflows Increase Dam Passage by Juvenile Coho Salmon during Winter: Implications of Climate Change in the Pacific Northwest." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 32, no. 6 (December 2012): 1070–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.720645.

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33

Laura Laffrado. "Ella Rhoads Higginson, Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, and Pacific Northwest Women's Literary Regionalism." Legacy 31, no. 2 (2014): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.5250/legacy.31.2.0281.

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34

Pratt, P. D., and B. A. Croft. "Screening of Predatory Mites as Potential Control Agents of Pest Mites in Landscape Plant Nurseries of the Pacific Northwest." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-18.4.218.

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Abstract To select a biological control agent for suppression of spider mites on landscape plants in western regions of the Pacific Northwest, we compared life history traits of Galendromus occidentalis Nesbitt, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman). We also evaluated abilities of these predatory mites to suppress spider mites in 4 landscape plant species under field conditions. Comparing life history traits from the literature, intrinsic rate of increase was similar between the 2 Neoseiulus species but lower for G. occidentalis. Prey killed per day was greatest for G. occidentalis > N. fallacis > N. californicus. For overwintering abilities, N. fallacis and G. occidentalis are indigenous to the Pacific Northwest and will survive winter assuming overwintering sites are available, but survival of N. californicus is unlikely. Neoseiulus californicus has the widest prey range, G. occidentalis the narrowest, with N. fallacis intermediate. When inoculated into spider mite infested landscape plants, N. fallacis was equally effective at suppressing spider mites as G. occidentalis in either Malus rootstock or Acer shade trees. Further tests with N. fallacis or N. californicus on Spiraea and Rhododendron plants suggested that N. fallacis is equally or more effective at suppressing pest mites, respectively. Compared with the other candidates, N. fallacis was equally effective at controlling pest mites and has a wider prey range than G. occidentalis. Neoseiulus fallacis appears to be the best candidate for biological control of multiple spider mite species on landscape plants in these parts of the Pacific Northwest.
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35

Mossop, Brent, and Michael J. Bradford. "Importance of large woody debris for juvenile chinook salmon habitat in small boreal forest streams in the upper Yukon River basin, Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 1955–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-066.

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The importance of large woody debris (LWD) in forested stream ecosystems is well documented. However, little is known about LWD in northern boreal forest streams. We investigated the abundance, characteristics, and function of LWD in 13 small tributary streams of the upper Yukon River basin, Yukon Territory, Canada. LWD abundance was similar to values reported from temperate regions, whereas LWD size and total volume were well below values for the Pacific Northwest. LWD formed 28% of the pools, which provide important habitat for juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum). The median diameter of pool-forming pieces was 17 cm, and ring counts on fallen riparian trees indicated that pool-forming pieces were likely 70–200 years old when downed. Juvenile chinook salmon density was correlated with LWD abundance in our study reaches. We conclude that despite differences in climate and forest type, LWD in Yukon streams and LWD in temperate regions appear to perform a similar function in creating fish habitat. Resource managers should consider the relatively slow tree growth and thus potentially long recovery times following human disturbances in these watersheds.
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36

Thakur, Krishna K., Raphaël Vanderstichel, Shaorong Li, Emilie Laurin, Strahan Tucker, Chrys Neville, Amy Tabata, and Kristina M. Miller. "A comparison of infectious agents between hatchery-enhanced and wild out-migrating juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Cowichan River, British Columbia." FACETS 3, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 695–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0113.

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Infectious diseases are likely contributing to large-scale declines in chinook salmon stocks in the Pacific Northwest, but the specific agents and diseases involved, and the prevalences in migratory salmon, are mostly unknown. We applied a high-throughput microfluidics platform to screen for 45 infectious agents in 556 out-migrating juvenile chinook salmon, collected from freshwater (FW) and saltwater (SW) locations in the Cowichan River system on Vancouver Island, Canada, during 2014. Nineteen agents (5 bacterial, 2 viral, and 12 parasitic) were detected, with prevalences ranging from 0.2% to 57.6%. Co-infections between Candidatus Branchiomonas cysticola Toenshoff, Kvellestad, Mitchell, Steinum, Falk, Colquhoun & Horn, 2012, Paranucleospora theridion Nylund, Nylund, Watanabe, Arnesen & Kalrsbakk, 2010, and gill chlamydia, all associated with gill disease, were observed in SW samples. We detected agents known to cause large-scale mortalities in Pacific salmon ( Ceratonova shasta (Noble, 1950), Parvicapsula minibicornis Kent, Whitaker & Dawe, 1977), and agents only recently reported in Pacific salmon in BC ( Ca. B. cysticola, P. theridion, Facilispora margolisi Jones, Prosperi-Porta & Kim, 2012 and Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola Karlsbakk, Saether, Hostlund, Fjellsoy & Nylund, 2002). Wild and hatchery fish were most divergent in agent profiles in FW, with higher agent diversity in wild fish. Differences in prevalence largely dissipated once they converged in the marine environment, although hatchery fish may be infected by a greater diversity of agents sooner after ocean entry by virtue of their more rapid migration from nearshore to offshore environments.
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Branch, Michael P. "Exceptional Mountains: A Cultural History of the Pacific Northwest Volcanoes. By O. Alan Weltzien." ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 24, no. 1 (2017): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/isx019.

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38

Wells, R. J. David, Michael J. Kinney, Suzanne Kohin, Heidi Dewar, Jay R. Rooker, and Owyn E. Snodgrass. "Natural tracers reveal population structure of albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in the eastern North Pacific." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 7 (April 2, 2015): 2118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv051.

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Abstract Chemical signatures in otoliths and muscle tissue of albacore (Thunnus alalunga) from two regions of the North Pacific were characterized to examine population structure. Regions included northern (offshore northwest United States and Canada, >40°N) and southern (offshore southwest United States and Mexico, <40°N) areas where albacore have demonstrated region-specific differences in movement and size at age. Juvenile (ages 1–4 years) albacore were collected from each region through recreational and commercial fisheries over a 5-year period (2009–2013). Three different otolith chemistry assays were performed, including whole otoliths (proxy for lifetime signature), otolith edge (recent signature), and otolith core (nursery signature). Whole otolith δ13C and δ18O showed similar δ13C and enriched δ18O (∼0.5‰) values for juvenile albacore collected in the southern region; classification success to the two regions ranged from 78 to 91% during each year (similar age classes). Otolith edge δ13C and δ18O showed similar results as whole otoliths, but no regional differences were found for otolith core chemistry. Incorporation of trace element concentrations from whole otoliths improved discrimination between regions to 90–100% classification success during each year of the study, with significantly higher Ba:Ca, Mg:Ca, and Mn:Ca in albacore otoliths from the northern region. Albacore from the southern region also displayed enriched muscle δ13C (∼1.21‰) and δ15N (∼0.85‰) values relative to fish of the same size range from the northern region. Discrimination success between the two regions across all years using muscle δ13C and δ15N was 91%. Ultimately, results from this study suggest regional separation of albacore in the eastern North Pacific warranting region-specific vital rates in future modelling efforts.
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39

Doubleday, Annie, Nicole A. Errett, Kristie L. Ebi, and Jeremy J. Hess. "Indicators to Guide and Monitor Climate Change Adaptation in the US Pacific Northwest." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 2 (February 2020): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305403.

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Objectives. To develop a set of indicators to guide and monitor climate change adaptation in US state and local health departments. Methods. We performed a narrative review of literature on indicators of climate change adaptation and public health service capacity, mapped the findings onto activities grouped by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Ten Essential Services, and drafted potential indicators to discuss with practitioners. We then refined the indicators after key informant interviews with 17 health department officials in the US Pacific Northwest in fall 2018. Results. Informants identified a need for clarity regarding state and local public health’s role in climate change adaptation, integration of adaptation into existing programs, and strengthening of communication, partnerships, and response capacity to increase resilience. We propose a set of climate change indicators applicable for state and local health departments. Conclusions. With additional context-specific refinement, the proposed indicators can aid agencies in tracking adaptation efforts. The generalizability, robustness, and relevance of the proposed indicators should be explored in other settings with a broader set of stakeholders.
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Stokesbury, Kevin DE, Jay Kirsch, E. Vincent Patrick, and Brenda L. Norcross. "Natural mortality estimates of juvenile Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) in Prince William Sound, Alaska." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-017.

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The densities of young-of-the-year and 1-year-old Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, in Prince William Sound, Alaska, were estimated using acoustic surveys from June 1996 to March 1998. Four bays were surveyed with acoustic transects that were repeated three times in 24 h. Species composition and size structure were determined from net collections. Averaging over the 24-h period allowed the best use of all data, as observations between the three replicates were similar but sporadic, possibly resulting from the different seasonal day–night cycle in these northern latitudes. The average instantaneous natural mortality rates for young-of-the-year Pacific herring were 0.009 (standard deviation (SD) = 0.002) and 0.016 (SD = 0.012) for the 1996 and 1997 cohorts, respectively. The average instantaneous natural mortality rates for 1-year-old Pacific herring were 0.003 (SD = 0.007) and 0.008 (SD = 0.005) for the 1995 and 1996 cohorts, respectively. Combining our estimates with those in the primary literature for other life history phases of Pacific herring indicated a progressive decrease in instantaneous natural mortality with age. This study presents the first direct estimates of natural mortality for juvenile herring.
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Moores, Andrew, Klaus Puettmann, and Doug Maguire. "The Focus of Intensive Silvicultural Research on Coastal Douglas-Fir Over the Last 20 Years." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/22.1.21.

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Abstract Silvicultural regimes are becoming more intensive in the US Pacific Northwest, incorporating a multitude of treatments over the length of the rotation. Therefore, there is a need to understand not only how individual treatments affect forest productivity, but also how these treatments interact to determine productivity. To help launch the Planted Forest Productivity and Value Enhancement Program at Oregon State University, an extensive literature search was conducted over 9 different classes of silvicultural treatments and 10 different categories of measured responses. The objective was to examine the scope of our current knowledge base about intensive silvicultural practices in the Pacific Northwest, particularly the mechanisms by which various treatment combinations or regimes control the productivity of coastal Douglas-fir stands. The literature, 1984 through 2004, shows that studies were more likely to focus on a combination of silvicultural treatments or practices if they were applied during similar times of stand development. Very little documented research addressed the interactive effects of treatments applied sequentially over the rotation. Although most studies monitored growth, yield, and tree mortality, fewer studies investigated environmental, physiological, and morphological responses that are key to understanding and predicting how both tested and untested silvicultural regimes will affect forest productivity.
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42

Bair, Russell T., Catalina Segura, and Christopher M. Lorion. "Quantifying the restoration success of wood introductions to increase coho salmon winter habitat." Earth Surface Dynamics 7, no. 3 (September 5, 2019): 841–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-841-2019.

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Abstract. Large wood (LW) addition is often part of fish habitat restoration projects. However, there is limited information about the spatial–temporal variability in hydraulic changes after LW additions. We investigated reach-scale hydraulic changes triggered after the addition of LW that are relevant to juvenile coho salmon survival. We used Nays2DH, an unsteady two-dimensional flow model, to quantify the patterns and magnitudes of changes of stream velocity and shear stress in three alluvial gravel reaches. The study sites are located in low-gradient reaches draining 5 to 16 km2 in the Oregon Coast Range. Survivable habitat was characterized in terms of critical swim speed for juvenile coho and bed stability considering the critical shear stress required to mobilize the median bed particle size. Model predictions indicated that survivable habitat during bankfull conditions, measured as the area with velocity below the critical swim speed for juvenile coho, increased by 95 %–113 % after the LW restoration. Bed stability also increased between 86 % and 128 % considering the shear stress required to mobilize the median bed particle size. Model predictions indicated more habitat created in the larger site; however, considering that wood would move more frequently in this site there appears to be a trade-off between the timing and the resilience of restoration benefits. Overall, this study quantifies how the addition of LW potentially changes stream hydraulics to provide a net benefit to juvenile salmonid habitat. Our findings are applicable to stream restoration efforts throughout the Pacific Northwest.
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Lara, Ariagna, Felipe Galván-Magaña, Fernando R. Elorriaga-Verplancken, Ana Judith Marmolejo-Rodríguez, Rogelio González-Armas, Laura Arreola-Mendoza, S. B. Sujitha, M. P. Jonathan, and Laura María Pantoja-Echevarría. "Mercury, selenium and cadmium in juvenile blue (Prionace glauca) and smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) sharks from the Northwest Mexican Pacific coast." Marine Pollution Bulletin 175 (February 2022): 113311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113311.

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44

Hookabe, Natsumi, and Hiroshi Kajihara. "New record of the monostiliferous hoplonemertean Gurjanovella littoralis Uschakov, 1926 from Japan (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea, Monostilifera)." Check List 16, no. 2 (March 13, 2020): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/16.2.265.

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A single specimen of a monostiliferous hoplonemertean, collected from a depth of 25 m in Akkeshi Bay, northern Japan, represents the first record of Gurjanovella littoralis Uschakov, 1926 from the Northwest Pacific. The species has been known only from the type locality, White Sea, Russia, although some planktonic larvae from Oregon, USA, and a juvenile from the Sea of Okhotsk have been identified as a member of the genus by molecular sequence data. Our specimen differs from a topotype from the White Sea by 2.9% of uncorrected p-distance and 3.0% of K2P in terms of partial 658-bp sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Our COI phylogenetic tree indicates that each of the larvae from Oregon and the Sea of Okhotsk belongs in Gurjanovella but represents a different species from G. littoralis.
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Zu Ermgassen, Philine SE, Thomas Grove, and Ivan Nagelkerken. "Global affiliation of juvenile fishes and invertebrates with mangrove habitats." Bulletin of Marine Science 96, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0044.

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Mangroves are critical fish and invertebrate habitats, however, identifying to what degree species are affiliated to mangrove systems remains challenging. Here we outline and apply two quantitative methods and one qualitative method for assessing the degree of mangrove affiliation globally at a species level , based on habitat-specific fish and invertebrate species densities extracted from an exhaustive search of the literature , for mangroves and their associated coastal habitats. We assessed all 121 species for which we had ≥7 mangrove records and, where data allowed, quantified the percent contribution of mangroves to the summed species density across all habitats. We set the threshold for identifying a species as "highly mangrove- affiliated" as ≥70% relative density, and examined its validity by subjecting a subset of species either side of the threshold to a thorough review of evidence for mangrove affiliation in the peer-reviewed literature. We found that 53 species were highly mangrove-affiliated, including 24 fish and three invertebrate species from the Atlantic East Pacific (AEP) and nine fish and 15 invertebrate species from the Indo-West Pacific (IWP; two species had global distributions). Thirty- six of the 53 species are of value to artisanal, subsistence, or commercial fisheries (AEP = 21, IWP = 13, Global = 2). While this list of highly mangrove-affiliated species is far from complete due to data limitations, it represents the first attempt to undertake a global overview of highly mangrove- affiliated species, and a proof of concept for a quantitative and objective method of assessment.
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46

Jordan, Peter, and Sean O'Neill. "Untangling cultural inheritance: language diversity and long-house architecture on the Pacific northwest coast." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1559 (December 12, 2010): 3875–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0092.

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Many recent studies of cultural inheritance have focused on small-scale craft traditions practised by single individuals, which do not require coordinated participation by larger social collectives. In this paper, we address this gap in the cultural transmission literature by investigating diversity in the vernacular architecture of the Pacific northwest coast, where communities of hunter–fisher–gatherers constructed immense wooden long-houses at their main winter villages. Quantitative analyses of long-house styles along the coastline draw on a range of models and methods from the biological sciences and are employed to test hypotheses relating to basic patterns of macro-scale cultural diversification, and the degree to which the transmission of housing traits has been constrained by the region's numerous linguistic boundaries. The results indicate relatively strong branching patterns of cultural inheritance and also close associations between regional language history and housing styles, pointing to the potentially crucial role played by language boundaries in structuring large-scale patterns of cultural diversification, especially in relation to ‘collective’ cultural traditions like housing that require substantial inputs of coordinated labour.
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47

Jovel, Eduardo M., Xi Ling Zhou, Dong Sheng Ming, Tanya R. Wahbe, and G. H. Neil Towers. "Bioactivity-guided isolation of the active compounds from Rosa nutkana and quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid by HPLCThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 85, no. 9 (September 2007): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y07-053.

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Rosa nutkana Presl. (Rosaceae) is distributed abundantly throughout central and southern areas of British Columbia, Canada. Aboriginal people in the Pacific Northwest have traditionally used R. nutkana as a food, medicine, and source of cultural material. The methanolic extract of the fruits of R. nutkana was previously found to have inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In our study, bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methanol extract from R. nutkana led to the isolation of the following 10 compounds: (i) tormentic acid, (ii) euscaphic acid, (iii) ursolic acid, (iv) maslinic acid, (v) quercetin, (vi) catechin gallate, (vii) quercetin-3-O-glucoside, (viii) 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucoside, (ix) l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and (x) 1,6-digalloyl-β-d-glucoside. Structures were elucidated by ultraviolet, infrared, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance data, as well as by comparison with those of the literature. The compounds quercetin, catechin gallate, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucoside, and 1,6-digalloyl-β-d-glucoside exhibited weak antibacterial activity against MRSA. Our research demonstrates the value of traditional knowledge held by Aboriginal people in the Pacific Northwest with respect to uses of R. nutkana. Some described uses in the ethnobotanical literature correspond to activities observed under laboratory conditions. Further work on British Columbia Rosa spp. may contribute to identifying other potential therapeutic uses.
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Lupien, Shari L., Barbara C. Hellier, Frank M. Dugan, Linnea G. Skoglund, and Karen F. Ward. "White Rot of Garlic and Onion (Causal Agent, Sclerotium cepivorum): A Status Report from the Pacific Northwest." Plant Health Progress 14, no. 1 (January 2013): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2013-0619-01-rv.

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There is evidence from literature, state department of agriculture documents, and recent diagnoses that Sclerotium cepivorum, causal agent of white rot of garlic and onion, is spreading and/or becoming more established in the Pacific Northwest. Previously documented distributions are summarized and the fungus is reported for the first time from Latah Co., ID; Pend Oreille Co., WA; and Lake, Sanders, and Missoula counties, MT. Although known from a tightly quarantined prior occurrence in the Idaho portion of Treasure Valley (southwest Idaho), the pathogen has not been formally reported from that state nor from the state of Montana. Latah Co. has commercial production of seed garlic and borders adjacent Whitman Co., WA, where the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) maintains North America's largest non-commercial collection of garlic and wild/ornamental onion. Strict phytosanitary protocols have been implemented on the NPGS farm. Various areas within the Pacific Northwest have long been important for commercial Allium production, and a list of state departments of agriculture regulations addressing white rot is presented for Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Accepted for publication 18 February 2013. Published 19 June 2013.
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49

Wahbe, Tanya R., Fred L. Bunnell, and R. Bruce Bury. "Terrestrial movements of juvenile and adult tailed frogs in relation to timber harvest in coastal British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 2455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-126.

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Tailed frog (Ascaphus truei Stejneger) populations are at risk in much of the Pacific Northwest, and recolonization of sites may be slow postlogging. To examine the terrestrial movements of Ascaphus in clearcuts and old growth, we employed pitfall traps and drift-fence arrays installed along streams and 100 m into upland habitat. In the fall, we captured frogs farther from streams in old growth than in clearcuts, and more frogs were captured ≤25 m from streams in clearcuts. Stronger stream affinity in clearcuts was most evident with juvenile frogs, which exhibited more upstream movements than adults. Compared with inland sites where frogs remained close to streams (e.g., 12 m), frogs at our coastal sites were captured at greater distances from streams (≥100 m), having lower stream affinity than frogs at inland sites. Long-distance overland movements appear more likely where forested stands are present. Aggregations of Ascaphus at individual streams may not represent distinct populations and should not be managed as distinct units. Preserving groups of interconnected streams within watersheds instead of individual streams will improve the conservation status of Ascaphus. Population monitoring can ensure conservation measures promote long-term persistence.
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Robinson, H. Eve, Julie D. Alexander, Jerri L. Bartholomew, Sascha L. Hallett, Nicholas J. Hetrick, Russell W. Perry, and Nicholas A. Som. "Using a mechanistic framework to model the density of an aquatic parasite Ceratonova shasta." PeerJ 10 (April 14, 2022): e13183. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13183.

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Ceratonova shasta is a myxozoan parasite endemic to the Pacific Northwest of North America that is linked to low survival rates of juvenile salmonids in some watersheds such as the Klamath River basin. The density of C. shasta actinospores in the water column is typically highest in the spring (March–June), and directly influences infection rates for outmigrating juvenile salmonids. Current management approaches require quantities of C. shasta density to assess disease risk and estimate survival of juvenile salmonids. Therefore, we developed a model to simulate the density of waterborne C. shasta actinospores using a mechanistic framework based on abiotic drivers and informed by empirical data. The model quantified factors that describe the key features of parasite abundance during the period of juvenile salmon outmigration, including the week of initial detection (onset), seasonal pattern of spore density, and peak density of C. shasta. Spore onset was simulated by a bio-physical degree-day model using the timing of adult salmon spawning and accumulation of thermal units for parasite development. Normalized spore density was simulated by a quadratic regression model based on a parabolic thermal response with river water temperature. Peak spore density was simulated based on retained explanatory variables in a generalized linear model that included the prevalence of infection in hatchery-origin Chinook juveniles the previous year and the occurrence of flushing flows (≥171 m3/s). The final model performed well, closely matched the initial detections (onset) of spores, and explained inter-annual variations for most water years. Our C. shasta model has direct applications as a management tool to assess the impact of proposed flow regimes on the parasite, and it can be used for projecting the effects of alternative water management scenarios on disease-induced mortality of juvenile salmonids such as with an altered water temperature regime or with dam removal.
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