Journal articles: 'Norwegian Prisoners and prisons'

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Johnsen, Berit, Per Kristian Granheim, and Janne Helgesen. "Exceptional prison conditions and the quality of prison life: Prison size and prison culture in Norwegian closed prisons." European Journal of Criminology 8, no. 6 (November 2011): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370811413819.

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This paper discusses the quality of prison life and prison size in relation to the notion of ‘Scandinavian exceptionalism’. Using the questionnaires ‘Measuring the Quality of Prison Life’ (MQPL) for prisoners and ‘Staff Measuring the Quality of Prison Life’ (SQL) for staff, data were collected from all 32 closed prisons in Norway. Based on the assumption that prison officers’ working lives, their perspectives and their values influence prisoners’ quality of life, the main focus in the paper is on the officers. Small prisons (fewer than 50 prisoners) obtain more positive results than medium-sized (50–100) and large (more than 100) prisons, on several dimensions measured. The relationship between officers and prisoners seems to be of better quality in small prisons than in medium-sized and large prisons. Officers in small prisons also report more positive relationships with senior management than their colleagues in medium-sized and large prisons. The results are discussed in light of previous studies on officers and prison working life dynamics.

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Mjåland, Kristian, and Julie Laursen. "Pragmatic and Permeable Egalitarianism:." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 108, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 174–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v108i1.125570.

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AbstractThe social world of prisons is typically described as hierarchical in the prison sociological literature where offence type, displays of (hegemonic)masculinity and involvement in the informal economy impact prisoners’ social standing. Based on fieldwork and interviews (N=181) with men and women in seven different Norwegian prisons, this article describes prisoner cultures where such hierarchies were either absent or of little significance. Rather than pointing out differences in status and standing, the prisoners interviewed tended to insist that they were equal and the same. In order to make sense of this finding, which contrasts dominant accounts in the prison sociological literature, the article engages with scholarship on the role and roots of egalitarianism in Norwegian society. Organizing the discussion around the concepts of ‘egalitarian permeability’, ‘pragmatic egalitarianism’ and ‘social labour’, the article argues that the egalitarian culture of Norwegian (open) prisons is shaped by norms in the wider Norwegian society and the pragmatic choices prisoners make to cope socially in prison everyday life.AbstractI fengselssosiologien blir fengselets sosiale liv ofte beskrevet som hierarkisk. Studier har vist at lovbruddstype, (hegemonisk) maskulinitetog involvering i den illegale økonomien har betydning for fangenes sosiale status og posisjon. Basert på feltarbeid og intervju (N=181) med menn og kvinner i syv norske fengsler viser denne artikkelen at slike hierarki var enten fraværende eller av liten betydning. I stedet for å påpeke forskjeller i status og posisjon vektla fangene som ble intervjuet ofte at de var like og likeverdige. For å forstå dette forskningsfunnet, som bryter med beskrivelser i deler av forskningslitteraturen, henter artikkelen inspirasjon fra forskning om den norske egalitære kulturen. Ved å organisere diskusjonen om begrepene ‘egalitarian permeability, ‘pragmatic egalitarianism’ og ‘sociallabour’ argumenterer vi for at den egalitære kulturen i norske (åpne) fengsler er formet av normer og verdier i det norske samfunnet, og av de pragmatiske valgene fangene gjør for å håndtere fengselshverdagen best mulig.

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Giertsen, Hedda. "Prison ideas and architecture 1850-today:." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 108, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v108i1.125569.

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AbstractThis article discusses the use of prisons as punishment in Norway during the period 1850 to today. It looks at ideas about prisons and how they manifest themselves in prison sites and buildings. It also investigates the implications of various prison ideas and designs to prisoners and prison policy.Parts of the article are based on an exhibition that took place in Oslo in 2018: Six Norwegian prisons 1850-today: Ideas, spaces, experiences. The exhibition included a total of 20 interviews in which prisoners were asked whether prison ideas and designs were relevant to them. The article ends with a discussion of the implications of architecture for prisons, their purposes, and their effects. AbstractDenne artikkelen diskuterer fengsel som straff i Norge fra 1850 til i dag. Den ser på fengselsidéer og hvordan de er kommet til uttrykk i fengselsområder, bygninger og interiør. Artikkelen spør videre om disse endringene, slik fengsler fremstår i dag, har betydning for fanger. Dette leder til en diskusjon om hvilken betydning fengselsidéer og arkitektur kan ha for fanger og for fengselspolitikken.Artikkelen bygger for en stor del på en utstilling i Oslo i 2018: Six Norwegian prisons 1850-today. Ideas, spaces, experiences, som også omfatter 20 fangeintervjuer som formidler kommentarer om disse endringene har betydning for dem, eventuelt på hvilke måter. Artikkelen avsluttes med en diskusjon om hvilken betydning arkitektur kan ha i diskusjoner om fengsler, deres formål og virkninger

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Solbakken, L., S. Bergvik, and R. Wynn. "Help-seeking behavior of inmates in norwegian prisons." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S469—S470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1254.

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IntroductionWhile prison inmates have an increased risk of mental illness, psychiatric services are often less accessible and insufficient for this group. A low level of awareness or a fear of becoming stigmatised could also influence the help-seeking behaviour of some inmates.ObjectivesTo study the knowledge and beliefs regarding mental health and mental illness as well as the help-seeking behaviour of inmates in Norwegian prisons.MethodsWe describe a study of help-seeking behaviour and mental health literacy of prisoners. This is a qualitiative study involving in-depth interviews with inmates in prisons in North Norway.ResultsRecruitment and data collection is ongoing. Central topics in the interviews are inmates’ associations regarding positive mental health and how they can enhance their own well-being while in prison, and how other external factors can contribute to increased well-being. Furthermore, the inmates are asked about their attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge regarding mental illness, and what they think might be factors that can contribute to the development of mental illness. Moreover, we cover topics such as the inmates’ beliefs regarding the treatment of mental illness, strategies for handling such health problems, and sources of information regarding mental health and mental illness.ConclusionsThe study will increase knowledge about how prisoners think about mental health and mental illness and the help-seeking behaviours of prison inmates. In a next step, this understanding can be utilized in improving information about well-being, mental illness, and psychiatric services to prisoners.

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Snortum, John R., and Kåre Bødal. "Conditions of Confinement within Security Prisons: Scandinavia and California." Crime & Delinquency 31, no. 4 (October 1985): 573–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128785031004007.

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Within the past three decades, the Scandinavian countries have acquired an international reputation for the development of innovative and humane prisons. Most of the favorable attention from journalists and social scientists has centered upon the socalled “model prisons,” which are typically smaller, newer, and “open.” However, the majority of Scandinavian prisoners are still incarcerated in the larger, older, locked prisons that are rather traditional in design and function. One might question whether these traditional prisons are, in fact, superior to American state prisons and whether they would meet emerging U.S. standards for conditions of confinement. This investigation surveyed the nature of prison programs, staffing ratios, living conditions, and visiting conditions within 16 “closed” or secure prisons, including 4 each from Norway, Sweden, Finland, and California. On most measures, the conditions of confinement were most severe in California prisons, much less severe in Finnish prisons, and least severe in Norwegian and Swedish prisons.

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Jones, Lise Øen, Leila Våland Tveit, Arve Asbjørnsen, Ole Johan Eikeland, Hilde Hetland, and Terje Manger. "A Cross-Sectional Study of Educational Aspects and Self-Reported Learning Difficulties among Female Prisoners in Norway." Education Sciences 11, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11060277.

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The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyse the educational background, educational desires and participation in education among three samples of female prisoners with Norwegian citizenship in Norwegian prisons over the period from 2009 to 2015. The female participants were n = 106 in 2009, n = 74 in 2012 and n = 79 in 2015, respectively, with a mean age of 38 years. Moreover, the study examined whether self-reported learning difficulties could predict participation in education activity while incarcerated. The results show that the female prisoners included in this study increased their educational level over the studied years. Similar education patterns were observed in the 2009 and 2012 samples regarding all educational levels for the female prisoners. A different pattern was observed in the 2015 data, with 44.3 % having mandatory education as their highest level compared to 57.6 in 2009 and 53.4 in 2012, respectively. However, these differences in percent between the samples at any education level were not significant. Significant differences were, however, found regarding the desire for upper secondary education between the samples in 2009 and 2012, and 2009 and 2015, respectively. In 2009, 20.2% reported upper secondary education as an educational desire, whereas 35.2% reported this as a desire in 2012, and 36.7% in 2015. Participation in educational activity during incarceration also changed during the time period of these studies. Many of the female prisoners participate in educational activity, but a significant difference was found between the samples in 2012 and 2015 as there was a decrease in activity. In 2012, 41.9% did not participate, whereas in 2015, almost 60% (58.2) of the female prisoners did not participate in any educational activity. Both the highest completed education level and self-reported learning difficulties predicted participation in education activity among the female prisoners in the 2015 sample.

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Redwall, Terje Emil. "“ALLE DE SOM SITTER HER, HAR EN NY MULIGHET” PERSPEKTIVER PÅ PÅVIRKNING OG UTVIKLING AV FENGSLEDE I NORSKE HØYSIKKERHETSAVDELINGER." Psyke & Logos 36, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v36i1.22823.

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Perspectives on impacts on and the development of prisoners in Norwegian high-securitywings. Rehabilitation and improvement of a prisoner are at the center of the discourse of correctional services in Norway. It is investigated in this article how the task of rehabilitation and improvement during imprisonment is understood and interpreted by prison officerswho are responsible for guarding, handling and interacting with the prisoners in Norwegianhigh-security wings. Firstly, I will describe how punishment is justified in the criminal justice literature and in policy documents in the perspective of the so-called improving effects of punishment. After the presentation of data materials and method,I present two different approaches in the prison officers’ affecting and organizing work with prisoners. One approach emphasizes that the work of prison officers contains a correctional element; the officers should practice their role with a conscious intention of transmitting a set of values, attitudes and skills to the inmates. The other focuses on the officers’ role as an organizer of opportunities and ways to create better living conditions for the prisoners. Here the attention is primarily on the inmate’s future, on how things will be for them when they are released from prison: if, for example, they have jobs to go to and/or have a permanent place to live. The article ends with some value-oriented reflections on these two approaches.

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Redwall, Terje Emil. "“ALLE DE SOM SITTER HER, HAR EN NY MULIGHET” PERSPEKTIVER PÅ PÅVIRKNING OG UTVIKLING AV FENGSLEDE I NORSKE HØYSIKKERHETSAVDELINGER." Psyke & Logos 36, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v36i1.22824.

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Perspectives on impacts on and the development of prisoners in Norwegian high-securitywings. Rehabilitation and improvement of a prisoner are at the center of the discourse of correctional services in Norway. It is investigated in this article how the task of rehabilitation and improvement during imprisonment is understood and interpreted by prison officerswho are responsible for guarding, handling and interacting with the prisoners in Norwegianhigh-security wings. Firstly, I will describe how punishment is justified in the criminal justice literature and in policy documents in the perspective of the so-called improving effects of punishment. After the presentation of data materials and method,I present two different approaches in the prison officers’ affecting and organizing work with prisoners. One approach emphasizes that the work of prison officers contains a correctional element; the officers should practice their role with a conscious intention of transmitting a set of values, attitudes and skills to the inmates. The other focuses on the officers’ role as an organizer of opportunities and ways to create better living conditions for the prisoners. Here the attention is primarily on the inmate’s future, on how things will be for them when they are released from prison: if, for example, they have jobs to go to and/or have a permanent place to live. The article ends with some value-oriented reflections on these two approaches.

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Hammerlin, Yngve. "“ET FENGSEL ER ET FENGSEL, MEN…”." Psyke & Logos 36, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v36i1.22828.

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In the article I discuss the ideology underlying the Norwegian Correctional Service’s institutions’ treatment of prisoners, analyzing some of its core concepts, such as “humanism”, “normalizing”, “rehabilitation”, “subject- and objectifying”. The article emphasizesthat the service has developed through two basic ideas; understanding prisons as (i) penal institutions; and (ii) institutions for rehabilitation. Both of these ideas have been strongly influenced by modern and traditional managerial principles, which are strongly governedby economic considerations and efficiency demands. The historical analysis reveals the roots of the prison system as a penal institution with rigid disciplinary, control and security practices, which dominate and influence the institution’s content and form. The ideology of rehabilitation, which contrasts this view, can be separated into two directions and forms of practice, wherein one is adjusted to the system (and not the individual) and the other is somewhat more adjusted to the individual. In the article, I argue that the contradictions in the prison system stems from its historical and ideological roots. Furthermore, I argue that the prison system has been characterized by a fixation on practice, wherein the measures for rehabilitation and treatment of the prisoners implies a technocratic and objectifying perspective. The prison system remains a repressive and powerful system that has to be studied and discussed more thoroughly. We tend to focus on the positive functions of the system, neglecting that the system also inflicts inhumanity and suffering.

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Tieman-Koster, Caitlin. "A Comparison of Open and Closed Prison Systems: Can These Systems be Implemented in Australia?" University of South Australia Law Review 5 (September 29, 2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21913/uslrunisalr.v5.1663.

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This article examines the Norwegian prison system, which focuses on the rehabilitation of inmates and their reintegration into society, and whether this system can be implemented in Australia. It focuses on the individual experiences of inmates within open and closed Norwegian prison systems and highlights the differences and challenges they face. Open prisons aim to mimic community living by affording inmates greater freedoms. However, open prisons also introduce complexities such as confusion, anxiety, ambiguity, relative deprivation, and individual responsibility. Closed prisons, like the renowned Halden Prison, present different challenges which are similar to those in classic styles of prisons. Inmates within these two systems express mixed views about the rehabilitative effects they perceive the prison to have. The article also explores the social perceptions of punishment and how they influence the implementation of similar prison models in other countries. This analysis aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on the effectiveness of various prison systems in reducing recidivism and promoting inmate rehabilitation across different societies.

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Mangaoang, Áine. "“A reward rather than a right”: Facilitators’ perspectives on the place of music in Norwegian prison exceptionalism." Musicae Scientiae 25, no. 3 (September 2021): 274–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10298649211014235.

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Scholarship on prison music-making projects and programmes to date has largely overlooked the perspectives of prison music facilitators, who form an integral part of many prison music activities. The aim of the study, which was exploratory in nature, was to contribute to a better understanding overall of the relationship between music and imprisonment by focusing on the perspectives of prison music practitioners. Drawing from data collected in four Norwegian prisons through ethnographic research, data was analysed thematically with four key themes emerging: interpersonal communication and emotional connection; social responsibility; prison system and environment, and (in)difference and exclusion. The findings highlight the fact that the range of prison music activities offered in many Norwegian prisons affects music facilitators deeply in a number of ways, and support existing studies that find that prison music practices can contribute to creating a community of caring individuals both inside and outside prisons. Notably, the emergence of the (in)difference and exclusion theme demonstrates a more critical and nuanced view of prison music facilitators’ experiences as going beyond simplistic, romantic notions of music’s function in social transformation. Concerns raised for those who appear to be excluded or differentiated from music-making opportunities in prison – in particular foreign nationals and women – suggest that (even) in the Norwegian context, music in prisons remains a “reward” rather than a fundamental “right.” This study marks a step towards a richer and more critical understanding of prison musicking and aims to inform future research, practice, and the processes involved in the possibilities for offering music in prisons.

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Johnsen, Berit, Vidar Skogvoll, and Tom Normann. "«YOLO – you only live once»:." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 108, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 196–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v108i1.125571.

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AbstractThis article presents a study of Norwegian prisoners’ experiences with anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and other drugs. An intervention »Ren trening« was conducted by Antidoping Norge2 in the fall of 2019. Fieldwork was carried out at two drug treatment units with a total of 25 prisoners, 11 of which were interviewed. A bottom-up approach to the analyses of the data resulted in rich narratives that give a unique insight into prisoner experiences with AAS. Further analyses showed extensive use of AAS in combination with other narcotics, especially amphetamine. According to a typology developed by Christiansen et al. (2017), the uncritical use of AAS, without any consideration for its potentially serious side effects, can be understood as »YOLO – You Only Live Once«. Ambivalence surrounding the use of AAS, even if respect for clean exercise without the use of AAS is high, can be linked to pleasant experiences with these drugs. The body remembers these experiences and prisoners recall them with nostalgic undertones. The seriousness of the problems associated with the use of AAS, including criminal activity, indicates the importance of addressing these issues in prison.

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Larsen, Bjørn Kjetil, Sarah Hean, and Atle Ødegård. "A conceptual model on reintegration after prison in Norway." International Journal of Prisoner Health 15, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 282–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-06-2018-0032.

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Purpose Many offenders struggle when attempting to reintegrate into society after release from prison, and the conditions they face after release often lead to reoffending. The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual model on reintegration after prison. The model has the potential to guide practitioners in their understanding of the relationships between welfare services and the agency of the offender. Design/methodology/approach The model was developed from a small-scale study in the Norwegian Criminal Justice system, which is well known for its emphasis on rehabilitation and crime prevention. Data collection aimed to explore the reintegration process from the perspective of the hard-to-reach and vulnerable population of serial offenders. Nine prisoners in two different prisons were interviewed. A thematic analysis identified two main themes that related, first, to the personal challenges the offenders faced in the rehabilitation and reintegration process and, second, to the factors in the welfare services that interacted with the prisoners’ psychosocial issues in the reintegration process. Findings Findings suggest that the interaction between the psychosocial needs of the prisoners and the organization of the welfare services is complex and does not harmonize. The findings underpin the argument that the current reintegration strategies for certain groups of inmates need to be questioned and challenged. Research limitations/implications The model is a conceptual model intended to provide a lens from which to reinterpret offenders’ experiences of reintegration and applied to only the small and exploratory study described in this paper. As such, it requires further testing and substantiation, and the model and the study’s findings should be regarded as tentative and cannot be generalized to a larger population. The prisoners were selected by the first author for convenience, and it is possible that this also influenced the findings. Other inmates may have presented other experiences. Originality/value There are few studies looking into reintegration from the reoffenders’ perspective, and this study also presents a model that serves as a reflective and analytical tool to developing new approaches to supporting offenders in their reintegration into society from prison in the future.

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Urazbakhtin, Ruslan I. "Incarceration Conditions of the French Prisoners of War in the British Prison in Chatham in 1803-1814: Regression Analysis of the Duration of Captivity and Mortality." RUDN Journal of World History 15, no. 2 (June 2, 2023): 158–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-2-158-181.

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The relevance of this article is studying of the problem of “Man at war” includes examining a fate of prisoners of war. Detention conditions of Frenchmen in England during the Napoleonic wars remain a subject of discussions in the foreign historiography. Besides this, it has also never been studied earlier in the national historiography. In the article they are considered by means of regression analysis of captivity duration and mortality. Their dependence from such factors as age, height, rank, type of vessel, year of capturing etc. is considered. This method reveals if there was any discrimination in releasing and if food supply and other conditions were satisfying for survival in detention. The results are compared with the data of the Danish and Norwegian prisoners who were kept in the same prison. The aim is to examine detention conditions of the French captives on English prison hulks. The result of the study is reveal of the duration of captivity depending from the period of seizing: the first arrivals spent the longest time in a prison that indicates the halting of captives’ exchange as early as 1803. It also depended from way of leaving the prison: if the prisoner was exchanged, dyed or escaped. Persons aged less than 12 and over 50 were released earlier. Children, the elderly, officers could be released only on parole. Military seamen were kept longer than the rest. At the same time, death in captivity appears to be occasional. It indicates that food of the French prisoners in England was sufficient for survival. But other conditions led to a high mortality: 8-14 % of the French captives died in custody.

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Manger, Terje, Ole Johan Eikeland, and Arve Asbjørnsen. "Why do not more prisoners participate in adult education? An analysis of barriers to education in Norwegian prisons." International Review of Education 65, no. 5 (June 7, 2018): 711–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11159-018-9724-z.

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Manger, Terje, Jørn Hetland, Lise Øen Jones, Ole Johan Eikeland, and Arve E. Asbjørnsen. "Prisoners’ academic motivation, viewed from the perspective of self-determination theory: Evidence from a population of Norwegian prisoners." International Review of Education 66, no. 4 (August 2020): 551–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11159-020-09855-w.

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Abstract The study presented in this article explores prisoners’ academic motivation structure from the theoretical perspective of self-determination theory, using the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). Analysing survey responses from 529 (29 female, 500 male) prisoners with Norwegian citizenship who participated in education while being incarcerated, the authors investigate how prison students’ motivation might be “reduced” or summarised using a smaller set of factors or components than extant studies. A confirmatory factor analysis suggested that a five-factor model, including intrinsic motivation, three types of extrinsic motivation (namely identified regulation, introjected regulation, and external regulation) and amotivation, yielded the best fit with the data provided by the prisoners. An alternative three-factor model created by collapsing the three extrinsic dimensions into a single dimension was found to fit the data poorly. The structural model revealed that younger prisoners displayed more controlled academic motivations than older ones, who displayed more autonomous motivations. Contrary to the authors’ expectations, prisoners with a higher level of education did not display more autonomous academic motivations than those with a lower level.

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Bukten, Anne, Ingunn Olea Lund, Eline Borger Rognli, Marianne Riksheim Stavseth, Philipp Lobmaier, Svetlana Skurtveit, Thomas Clausen, and Nikolaj Kunøe. "The Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction Study – Design and Implementation of a National Survey and Prospective Cohort Study." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 9s2 (January 2015): SART.S23546. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/sart.s23546.

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The Norwegian prison inmates are burdened by problems before they enter prison. Few studies have managed to assess this burden and relate it to what occurs for the inmates once they leave the prison. The Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction (NorMA) study is a large-scale longitudinal cohort study that combines national survey and registry data in order to understand mental health, substance use, and criminal activity before, during, and after custody among prisoners in Norway. The main goal of the study is to describe the criminal and health-related trajectories based on both survey and registry linkage information. Data were collected from 1,499 inmates in Norwegian prison facilities during 2013–2014. Of these, 741 inmates provided a valid personal identification number and constitute a cohort that will be examined retrospectively and prospectively, along with data from nationwide Norwegian registries. This study describes the design, procedures, and implementation of the ongoing NorMA study and provides an outline of the initial data.

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Liebling, Alison, Berit Johnsen, Bethany E. Schmidt, Tore Rokkan, Kristel Beyens, Miranda Boone, Mieke Kox, and An-Sofie Vanhouche. "Where Two ‘Exceptional’ Prison Cultures Meet: Negotiating Order in a Transnational Prison." British Journal of Criminology 61, no. 1 (August 14, 2020): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaa047.

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Abstract Can a prison in the Netherlands, that is neither ‘Dutch’ nor ‘Norwegian’, be ‘legitimate?’ What are the moral challenges? Our study of the controversial Norgerhaven project—a Norwegian prison located in the Netherlands—found that this ‘experiment’ generated one of the most reflexive, ‘deliberative’ prisons we have encountered. Officials involved in the decision assumed that the two jurisdictions were alike in their values. Few were prepared for the differences that arose. This hybrid prison made punishment, the use of authority, and the meanings of fairness, professionalism and discipline unusually explicit as staff negotiated their practices, creating a shift from ‘practical’ to ‘discursive’ consciousness and exposing many of the complexities of liberal penal power.

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Tsvietkov, Oleksandr. "Archives’ Data on Soviet Prisoners of War and Memorials in Norway." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 26 (November 27, 2017): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2017.26.448.

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The author raises the issue on relevance of international search for the names of killed persons during the Second World War, as well as provides information on the archives of Norway. The article deals with the presence of Soviet prisoners of war in Norway during 1941–1945 and the problem of searching for the names of the dead and buried prisoners in this territory. The author analyzes access to the electronic database on the names and places of burial of Soviet prisoners through the archival centers in Norway. This paper stresses the humanitarian role of Norwegian researchers in finding names and burial places of the thousands of Soviet prisoners of war.

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Giertsen, Hedda. "Policy on drugs in Norwegian prisons: Increased control, answers to poverties and looking for a life after release." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 29, no. 6 (January 1, 2012): 589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10199-012-0049-0.

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Aims This article discusses Norwegian policy on drugs in prison since the 1970s as presented by prison authorities. How does the drug policy ft the penal frame and how are these policies related? Does the drug policy soften the prison policy, and does the prison policy strengthen the drug policy? How does the policy on drugs in prison impact on the position of prisons in society? Data and Method I have used documents such as white papers, budgets and circular letters, and interviews with former and present directors of Norwegian correctional services. Results and Conclusions Since the 1970s, four main measures have been implemented to handle drug problems in prison, combining control, sanctions and rehabilitative measures. They accord with the general prison policy on rehabilitation and control, and support both elements. What is also crucial in the prison drug policy is the position taken in penal policy that treatment should not take place in prison, but inmates should be rehabilitated and motivated to apply for treatment and help after release. This can be seen as a factor influencing the prison numbers.

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Toresen Lokdam, Nicoline, Marianne Riksheim Stavseth, and Anne Bukten. "Exploring the external validity of survey data with triangulation: A case study from the Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction (NorMA) Study." Research Methods in Medicine & Health Sciences 2, no. 4 (September 2021): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26320843211061298.

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Objectives This paper demonstrates how to investigate the external validity of a study sample by triangulating survey and registry data, using data from the Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction (NorMA) Study as a case. Methods We use survey data from the NorMA study ( n = 1495), including the NorMA cohort ( n = 733), and data from the Norwegian Prison Registry on all people imprisoned on 1 September 2013 ( n = 3386). Triangulation was performed by (1) comparing the NorMA cohort to those lost to follow-up ( n = 762), using survey data from the NorMA study. Secondly, we compared the NorMA cohort to the one-day population, using data from the Norwegian Prison Registry. We also stratified the one-day sample by possession of a Norwegian personal identification number (PIN). Results We found differences in birthplace, imprisonment and drug use between the NorMA cohort, lost to follow-up and the one-day population. Twenty-three percent of the one-day population did not have a Norwegian PIN. The NorMA cohort was more similar to those with a Norwegian PIN in the one-day population. Our triangulation demonstrates that 56–62% of the Norwegian prison population had an indication of drug use before imprisonment. Conclusions The NorMA cohort was overall representative of the one-day prison population holding a Norwegian PIN and less representative of prisoners without a Norwegian PIN. Using this method provides tangible inputs on the strengths and limitations of a study sample and can be a feasible method to investigate the external validity of survey data.

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Jasinski, Marek E., Andrzej Ossowski, and Kate Spradley. "Uncovering war crimes: Hidden graves of the Falstad forest." Heritage, Memory and Conflict 3 (May 10, 2023): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/hmc.3.94923.

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This paper presents and discusses historical and archaeological data regarding war crimes committed by Nazi occupants during Second World War in the vicinity of the SS Prison Camp Falstad in Central Norway, and the issue of still unknown graves of executed prisoners in the Falstad Forest. Specialists from several Norwegian and foreign institutions are at present developing a set of advanced methods to be deployed during surveys of the Forest in search of hidden graves.

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Ericson, Anders. "The Norwegian Artoteksentralen (The Artotheque Centre) – co-operation between artists and library authorities." Art Libraries Journal 11, no. 3 (1986): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200004752.

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Picture lending in Norwegian public libraries has recently been revitalised by the creation of the Artoteksentralen, initially a pilot project and now a permanent foundation, which circulates collections of original prints by Norwegian artists to public libraries, hospitals, and prisons. (An updated version of an article originally published in Scandinavian Public Library Quarterly v. 18 n.4 1985).

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Hansen, Gunnar Vold. "“Fathers in Prison” program may create a basis for desistance among Norwegian prisoners." Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 56, no. 3 (March 10, 2017): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2017.1290008.

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Baer, Leonard D., and Bodil Ravneberg. "The outside and inside in norwegian and english prisons." Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 90, no. 2 (June 2008): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00287.x.

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Soleim, Marianne Neerland. "Graves of the ‘Other’: Norway and the commemoration of soviet prisoners of war." Heritage, Memory and Conflict 3 (May 10, 2023): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/hmc.3.71298.

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The memory of other nationalities and their wartime suffering on Norwegian soil are mainly part of a local narrative. While the subject of Soviet prisoners of war is common knowledge in local historical studies, both oral and written, there is virtually no space for a living memory about the Soviet POWs on a national level. Despite forming the largest group of casualties on Norwegian soil during the war, the Soviet POWs have not been included at the national level of the Norwegian history of occupation.

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Rozovskij, B. H. "SHOULD ANY THIEVES BE IN JAIL?" Economics and Law, no. 2 (August 9, 2022): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2022.02.067.

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Since biblical times, there have been naturally disobedient to the law. With the advent of the state, many such violations are classified as a crime, and the guilty are punished. For a long time, these were the cruelest types of execution, which are even scary to remember. Nowadays, we call the society in which we live civilized. However, let it be without additional torture, but the death penalty is preserved in some states, the requirements for its application are expanding in the world. Paradoxically, behind the debates about the permissibility or inadmissibility of the death penalty, an unattractive fact remains unnoticed: millions of people have been and continue to be subjected to another form of execution — deprivation of liberty. Thus, the head, arms, legs, and other organs of the prisoners held in prisons, camps and other places of deprivation of liberty have been preserved. Moreover, if necessary, they are provided with medical assistance. But a person is a biological individual. Unlike animals, he is endowed with many social qualities, for the satisfaction of which he needs, at a minimum, freedom of movement and communication with other people, satisfaction of other needs. Deprivation of freedom is the loss of social life; execution is no less painful than physical hardships. Currently, there is a tendency to improve the conditions of detention of prisoners. Far-right terrorist Anders Breivik, who killed 77 people in July 2011, won the trial against the Norwegian authorities. He was sentenced to 21 years in prison, the maximum sentence in Norway. (In addition, Norwegian Criminal law applies “deterrence” — the possibility of extending the term by 5 years an unlimited number of times). Anders Breivik complained about being served cold coffee and microwaved food. “This is worse than water torture” — the terrorist claimed. In addition, the convict was outraged that he was isolated from the rest of the prisoners and his extremist friends were not allowed to visit him, as well as the fact that he was forced to use an old model of the PlayStation game console. The court recognized Anders Breivik’s claims to the detention conditions as well-founded. “The ban on inhuman and degrading treatment is one of the basic values of a democratic society. It doesn’t matter who it is about — terrorists and murderers also have the right to it” – the final verdict reads. The country’s authorities must pay the terrorist a sum of 331 thousand Norwegian kroner (40.7 thousand US dollars). But this is in Norway, not in Ukraine. As historical practice shows, deprivation of liberty is not a sufficient incentive to prevent crimes and re-educate criminals. Its application makes sense only as a measure of social protection against persons who pose a danger to society. However, the drafters of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine consider punishment as punishment and propose to increase the maximum term of imprisonment to 30 years. A chronic failure of criminal law and criminal policy in general is the underestimation of economics in the construction of a system of responsibility. The main list of crimes and measures of responsibility are transferred from the edition of the Code to the new edition of the Code. State expenses for maintenance of the penitentiary (criminal and executive) system are multiplying. However, measures to ensure compensation for the damages caused by the perpetrators to the victims, to the state, are extremely insufficient. The work offers several ideas to eliminate existing gaps. The author’s view on individual sections and articles of the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine is also offered. Proposals on changing the order of formation of the author’s team of drafters of criminal legislation are submitted for discussion, fairer definitions of the concepts of crime and punishment are proposed.

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Søndenaa, E., K. Rasmussen, T. Palmstierna, and J. Nøttestad. "The prevalence and nature of intellectual disability in Norwegian prisons." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 52, no. 12 (December 2008): 1129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01072.x.

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Iversen, Valentina C., David L. Sam, and Anne-S. Helvik. "Psychological distress and perceived health in inmates in Norwegian prisons." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 42, no. 2 (October 2, 2013): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494813505728.

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Ødegård, Einar, and Arvid Amundsen. "About the Effects of Treatment Provided for Convicted Drug Addicts." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 15, no. 1 (February 1998): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259801500101.

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Section 12 of the Norwegian Prisons Act provides for convicted persons to be transferred to a treatment institution as part of the serving of their sentence. In recent years with a growing drugs problem this provision of section 12 of the Prisons Act has been applied to an ever greater extent in the case of inmates with a drug abuse problem. One purpose of transferring inmates to a treatment institution has been to prevent recidivism. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of serving under section 12 with respect to criminal relapse. We find no preventive effect from serving under section 12 with respect to recidivism.

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Dahl, Hilde. "Penal welfarism og norsk sikkerhetspsykiatri, 1895-1940." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 106, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v106i1.124730.

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AbstractThis article presents the early decades of Norwegian forensic psychiatry as a basis for exploring David Garland’s term «penal welfarism». While Garland focuses primarily upon penalties and prisons, I find it relevant to look at a type of sanction not officially defined as punishment according to Norwegian law. Insanity has provided exemption from criminal punishment in Norway since 1842. Yet criminals considered dangerous to themselves or others have been housed in criminal asylums since 1895, which is the same year Garland argues that a transformation in penal strategies occurred in Britain (Garland, 1985).

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Horowitz, Veronica L., Emily R. Greberman, Patrick E. Nolan, Jordan M. Hyatt, Chris Uggen, Synøve N. Andersen, and Steven L. Chanenson. "A comparative perspective on officer wellness: american reflections from norwegian prisons." Criminal Justice Studies 34, no. 4 (October 2, 2021): 477–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478601x.2021.2001231.

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Muller, Ashley, Ingrid Havnes, Eline Rognli, and Anne Bukten. "Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase Both Exercise and Nicotine Use Under Incarceration." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 2663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122663.

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Exercise is increasingly understood as an important resource for people who engage in harmful substance use, including those in prison. Little is known about how inmates adopt various health behaviors during incarceration, without interventions. This cross-sectional study analyzed self-reports from 1464 inmates in Norwegian prisons in 2013–2014, compared them according to harmful substance use pre-incarceration, and explored changes in exercise and nicotine use during incarceration. Results were presented in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Inmates with harmful substance use reported higher rates of smoking, smokeless tobacco, and physical inactivity pre-incarceration than inmates without harmful use. However, inmates with harmful use also exhibited more behavioral changes: they adopted exercise, ceased smoking, and adopted smokeless tobacco at higher rates during incarceration than the non-harmful group, to the extent that inmates with harmful use exercised during incarceration more. Exercise is being taken up by a significant proportion of inmates, and may in particular be a replacement behavior for substance use. However, unhealthy behaviors also begin or are maintained. If prisons were used as an arena to facilitate healthy behaviors, the public health benefits to a marginalized group such as substance-using inmates could be substantial.

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Fridhov, Inger Marie, and Torfinn Langelid. "Importmodellen i norsk fengselsvesen." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 104, no. 3 (November 26, 2017): 259–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v104i3.115050.

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Until 1969, the Norwegian Prison Service was itself responsible for providing health, educational and other services offered to inmates. This was referred to as the “self-sufficiency model”. In 1969, however, the Ministry of Education andResearch assumed financial and professional responsibility for the education of prisoners. This was the start of a process in which the responsibility for many services was transferred from the Ministry of Justice to the agencies that typicallyprovide these services to the general public. This reorganization was based on the ideology that a prison sentence should involve, as far as practically possible, no more than the deprivation of liberty. Ergo, other civil rights and entitlementsshould not be lost or restricted. Professor Nils Christie was a primus motor for this reorganization of prison operations, and it was he who coined the phrase “the import model”. The following article describes the implementation of theimport model from 1969 to the present and some of its consequences.

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Gröning, Linda. "Education for foreign inmates in Norwegian prisons: A legal and humanitarian perspective." Bergen Journal of Criminal Law & Criminal Justice 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bjclcj.v2i2.708.

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Midtlyng, Grethe. "Safety rules in a Norwegian high-security prison: The impact of social interaction between prisoners and officers." Safety Science 149 (May 2022): 105690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105690.

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37

Hovden, Jorid. "Female top leaders – prisoners of gender? The gendering of leadership discourses in Norwegian sports organizations." International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2, no. 2 (July 8, 2010): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2010.488065.

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Volodko, Anna. "On the Problem of Humanitarian Activities of F. Nansen (on the 160th Anniversary of His Birth)." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 12-1 (December 1, 2021): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202112statyi14.

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The article is prepared for the 160th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Norwegian scientist and humanist F. Nansen. The main directions of his humanitarian activities are considered: repatriation of prisoners of war after the First World War; assistance to refugees in Europe, including in determining their legal status abroad and granting them rights ensuring freedom of movement and legal employment; introduction of the “Nansen passport” as an official document; participation in the resolution of the refugee-related crisis as a result of the Greco-Turkish war of 1919-1922, evacuation of Christians and Muslims and assistance in settling in a new place; organization of assistance to the starving population of Russia, etc.

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Toreld, Eva Marie, and Espen Marius Foss. "Imprisoned in an analogue bubble in digital society: Re/integration work in Norwegian high security prisons." Nordic Journal of Criminology 25, no. 2 (April 17, 2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/njc.25.2.2.

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40

Leunig, Tim, Jelle van Lottum, and Bo Poulsen. "Surprisingly gentle confinement: British treatment of Danish and Norwegian prisoners of war during the napoleonic wars." Scandinavian Economic History Review 66, no. 3 (September 2, 2018): 282–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2018.1516235.

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41

Bernard, Jean-Paul, Mimi Stokke Opdal, Ritva Karinen, Jørg Mørland, and Hassan Z. Khiabani. "Relationship between methadone and EDDP (2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine) in urine samples from Norwegian prisons." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 63, no. 8 (June 19, 2007): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-007-0314-4.

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42

Skjærvø, Ingeborg, Marianne Riksheim Stavseth, Christine Friestad, Torbjørn Skardhamar, Torill Tverborgvik, and Anne Bukten. "Characteristics and risk of reimprisonment among children and young adults in Norwegian prisons. A 20-year cohort study." Journal of Criminal Justice 93 (July 2024): 102219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102219.

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Muller, Ashley Elizabeth, and Anne Bukten. "Measuring the quality of life of incarcerated individuals." International Journal of Prisoner Health 15, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-02-2018-0005.

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Purpose Measuring quality of life (QoL) under incarceration can be used to track successful rehabilitation and risk of re-offending. However, few studies have measured QoL among general incarcerated populations, and it is important to use psychometrically strong measures that pose minimal burdens to respondents and administrators. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The aim of this analysis was to explore the utility of a short generic tool measuring overall QoL, the QOL5, in an incarcerated population. The authors drew data from the Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction Study, a cross-sectional survey of 1,499 individuals from Norwegian prisons. Findings Factor analysis suggested a unidimensional structure that explained 53.2 percent of variance in QoL scores. Intrascale correlations were high and internal consistency was acceptable (α=0.764). The QOL5 was strongly correlated with mental health, moderately correlated with exercise frequency and weakly correlated with ward security. Practical implications The QOL5 is a short measure that presents minimal burden to respondents and administrators. The authors recommend its further use in incarcerated populations to measure overall QoL as well as cross-cultural adaptation and validation in more languages. Originality/value In this analysis of the largest published sample to date of incarcerated individuals and their QoL, the QOL5 appears to be an acceptable and valid measure of overall QoL.

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Lockertsen, Jan-Thore, Åshild Fause, and Christine E. Hallett. "The Norwegian Mobile Army Surgical Hospital in the Korean War (1951–1954): Military Hospital or Humanitarian “Sanctuary?”." Nursing History Review 28, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 93–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.28.93.

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During the Korean War (1950–1953) the Norwegian government sent a mobile army surgical hospital (MASH) to support the efforts of the United Nations (UN) Army. From the first, its status was ambiguous. The US-led military medical services believed that the “Norwegian Mobile Army Surgical Hospital” (NORMASH) was no different from any other MASH; but both its originators and its staff regarded it as a vehicle for humanitarian aid. Members of the hospital soon recognized that their status in the war zone was primarily that of a military field hospital. Yet they insisted on providing essential medical care to the local civilian population as well as trauma care to UN soldiers and prisoners of war. The ambiguities that arose from the dual mission of NORMASH are explored in this article, which pays particular attention to the experiences of nurses, as expressed in three types of source: their contemporary letters to their Matron-in-Chief; a report written by one nurse shortly after the war; and a series of oral history interviews conducted approximately 60 years later. The article concludes that the nurses of NORMASH experienced no real role-conflict. They viewed it as natural that they should offer their services to both military and civilian casualties according to need, and they experienced a sense of satisfaction from their work with both types of patient. Ultimately, the experience of Norwegian nurses in Korea illustrates the powerful sense of personal agency that could be experienced by nurses in forward field hospitals, where political decision-making did not impinge too forcefully on their clinical and ethical judgment as clinicians.

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Ryabichenko, Arkadiy. "The “Cemetery War” in the Town of Mo i Rana. To the History of Soviet War Memorial Heritage in Northern Norway." ISTORIYA 14, no. 8 (130) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027790-8.

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The events surrounding the Soviet military burial site at the Mo cemetery in the town of Mo i Rana are a bright page of the Soviet military memorial heritage's history in Northern Norway. In 1945, at the burial place of 90 Soviet prisoners who worked on the construction of the Nordlandsbanen rail route, the monument was erected by their comrades. In 1948, through the efforts of the residents of Mo municipality, the monument destroyed by weather was rebuilt. Plans by the central authorities to move the remains from the cemetery to the island of Tjøtta during the all-Norwegian campaign faced with public protest led by members of the Communist Party of Norway. The removal of the remains, scheduled for November 2, 1951, didn’t take place in connection with a large-scale protest action, which later called the “cemetery war”. Residents of Mo i Rana are rightfully proud of this page in their history. In 2020, the memorial at the Mo cemetery was opened after renovation initiated by concerned citizens. In 2021, the efforts of the authorities and residents of Rana municipality to preserve the memory of Soviet soldiers’ feat were marked by Russian state awards.

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Panikar, Marina M., and Flera Kh Sokolova. "Archival Fonds on the History of Soviet Prisoners-of-War in Norway in the Days of the Second World War: Materials from Russian and Norwegian Archives." Herald of an Archivist, no. 4 (2017): 248–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2017-4-248-262.

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Grounds, Adrian. "Prisons and prisoners." Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 12, S1 (November 2002): S24—S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.515.

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Gaillard, J. C., and Fanny Navizet. "Prisons, prisoners and disaster." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 1 (October 2012): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2012.05.001.

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Santora, Lidia, Geir Arild Espnes, and Monica Lillefjell. "Health promotion and prison settings." International Journal of Prisoner Health 10, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-08-2013-0036.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of modern correctional service in health promotion exemplified by the case study of Norwegian health promotion policies in prison settings. Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies a two-fold methodology. First a narrative systematic literature review based on the Norwegian policy documents relevant for correctional settings is conducted. This is followed by a general review of the literature on the principles of humane service delivery in offender rehabilitation. Findings – Alongside the contribution of the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model in corrections and prevention of reoffending, the findings demonstrate an evident involvement of Norway in health promotion through authentic health promoting actions applied in prison settings. The actions are anchored in health policy's overarching goals of equity and “health in all public policy” aiming to reduce social inequalities in population health. Originality/value – In order to achieve a potential success of promoting health in correctional settings, policy makers have much to gain from endorsing a dialogue that respects the unique contributions of correctional research and health promotion. Focussing on inter-agency partnership and interdisciplinary collaboration between humane services may result in promising outcomes for individual, community and public health gain. The organizational factors and community involvement may be a significant aspect in prisoner rehabilitation, reentry and reintegration.

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Moloko, Hastings, Davis Ng’ong’ola, and Henry Kamkwamba. "The Importance of Prison Farms: Evidence from Malawi’s Prisons." Sustainable Agriculture Research 7, no. 3 (April 30, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v7n3p9.

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While Malawi’s per capita cereal production may be higher than her per capita cereal consumption, Malawi is a net cereal importer and thus food insecure. The food situation is much worse in Malawi’s prisons because inmates generally eat one meal per day.The general objective of this study was to determine the importance of farms in Malawi’s prisons by comparing food insecurity in prisons with farms to that in prisons without farms. Using structured questionnaires in face to face interviews, the study collected data from 1000 prisoners and 30 officers-in-charge from all prisons in the country. The data was analysed using Stata 12 and employed the probit and the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) models as an analytical tools.Results from the analysis showed that practically all prisoners in Malawi’s prisons were food insecure. There was a higher perception of food insecurity in prisons without farms than there was in prisons with farms. Conditions of severe food insecurity were experienced more in non-farmed prisons than in farmed prisons, and more prisoners in non-farmed prisons depended on food brought to them from their homes. Food insecurity was more prevalent in prisons without farms than in prisons with farms.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Norwegian Prisoners and prisons'

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