Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nosocomial microorganisms'
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Van, Ginkel Marney. "Molecular characterisation of the multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria, Klebsiella Pneumoniae isolated from nosocomial infections." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2735.
Full textBackground: It is well established that Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an opportunistic pathogenic organism that has been frequently identified as the cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections. Furthermore, studies have shown that over the last few decades strains of the genus Klebsiella have systematically developed resistance to numerous antibiotics. Aims and Methods: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of K. pneumoniae in nosocomial and community isolates in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Various identification techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the API 20 E, the VITEK®2 system, primers specific for the 16S-23S rDNA ITS region and the Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were compared for the identification of this pathogen. The VITEK 2 system was used to detect antibiotic resistant profiles of the K. pneumoniae isolates and to identify the extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypic among these isolates. The PCR was used to detect Beta-lactam genes viz. CTX-M (blaCTX-M), TEM (blaTEM) and SHV (blaSHV) respectively in both the genome and plasmid DNA of K. pneumoniae using gene specific primers. Results: In total 57 agar plate bacterial cultures or glycerol stock bacterial cultures were obtained during 2011. Of the 57 isolates, the API 20 E test identified 47 (82.5%) of the isolates (n = 57) as K. pneumoniae while 10 isolates (17.5%) were identified as Raoultella species. The VITEK 2 method and PCR identified all 57 isolates as K. pneumoniae (100%). Of the isolates, 82.5% (47/57) were positively identified as Klebsiella species, 14% (8/57) were identified as Klebsiella variicola and 3.5% (2/57) were shown as no reliable identification (NRI) when using the MALDI-TOF MS. Examination of the 57 isolates using primers specific for the CTX-M (blaCTX-M), TEM (blaTEM) and SHV (blaSHV) respectively showed the following: PCR amplicons for the TEM gene were produced successfully for 46 (81%) of the 57 isolates included in this project, while 11 (19%) of the samples did not yield any TEM amplicons; PCR amplicons for the blaSHV gene were obtained successfully for 56 (98%) of the 57 DNA samples, while 1 sample (2%) did not yield any SHV amplicons; and PCR amplicons for the blaCTX-M gene were produced successfully by 89% (n = 51) of the DNA samples included in this project, while 11% (n = 6) did not yield any CTX-M amplicon. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotypes had been confirmed in 84% (n = 48) K. pneumoniae isolates while nine isolates were found to be non-ESBL. Resistance rates for these 48 isolates were high and showed resistance patterns of: Amoxicillin/Ampicillin, Amoxycillin/Clavulanate, Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime/Cefprozil and Ceftazidime (100%, n = 48); Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Cefoxitin (98%, 47/48); Cefepime (96%, 46/48); Aztreonam (94%; 45/48); Tobramycin (81%, 39/48); Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin (77%, 37/48); Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (67%, 32/48); and Tigecycline (25% 12/48). Conclusion: For the analysis by all four methods employed, a total agreement of 68.4% was obtained, indicating the positive identification of K. pneumoniae in 39 of the 57 samples analysed. An average agreement of 28.1% was then obtained for the comparison of results generated for three of the methods utilised, while a 3.5% average agreement was obtained for at least two methods. Furthermore, all four methods agreed that 82.5% of the isolates were Klebsiella species while three methods agreed that 17.5% of the isolates were Klebsiella species. Based on the results obtained in the current study, PCR and VITEK 2 were the methods of choice for the identification of K. pneumoniae. The current study also showed, that ESBL-K. pneumoniae strains are present in the Western Cape province, South Africa; with high resistance profiles to numerous antibiotics including the Cephalosporins.
Fabre, Héloïse. "Contributions des propriétés physico-chimiques de surfaces de titane sur l'adhérence de microorganismes : application aux chambres implantables." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1023/document.
Full textTotally implantable venous-access ports are medical devices used for the administration of chemotherapy drugs and/or parenteral nutrition. Infections can occur and it is indispensable in modern-day medical practice to prevent and reduce the rare infectious complications. In this context, the goal of this work was to study the contribution of the modification of physico-chemical properties of titanium based surfaces on the adherence of microorganisms. Surfaces with different characteristics were produced and the adherence of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the yeast Candida albicans was studied in vitro in static conditions. Model surfaces made of titanium dioxide with roughness from nanometer to micrometer were elaborated using silicon wafers recovered with a thin film of titanium dioxide deposited by plasma vapor deposition. Titanium alloy surfaces (Ti grade 2 and Ti grade 5) were modified by polishing, grit-blasting or wire erosion, to create different surface morphologies. In vitro studies were performed and it was found that the number of adhering microorganisms changed with roughness, but more importantly with the surface morphology of the biomaterials and microorganisms size. Flat titanium dioxide thin films were then functionalized by molecular grafting to modify the hydrophobicity of the surface. Study of plasma protein adsorption, by QCM, allowed to better explain the adherence of bacteria and yeast onto these surfaces. The influence of parenteral nutrition and chemotherapy drugs was also studied in order to better approach the real conditions of totally implantable venous-access ports
Carvalho, Rodolfo Henriques de. "Bactérias resistentes e multirresistentes a antibióticos nos pacientes internados em uma UTI de adultos de hospital universitário brasileiro." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2007. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/16740.
Full textInfecções hospitalares causadas por bactérias resistentes a antibióticos representam um problema expressivo quanto à morbidade, mortalidade e custos hospitalares, especialmente em unidades de terapia intensiva. Esse trabalho avaliou as freqüências de fenótipos de resistência a antimicrobianos dos patógenos epidemiologicamente importantes, isolados de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (PAV) em pacientes críticos e de infecções de trato urinário (ITU) e de corrente sangüínea (ICS) em pacientes críticos e não críticos. Foi feita uma vigilância epidemiológica ativa na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de adultos (UTIA) do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (HC-UFU), no período de um ano, coletando-se dados e espécimes clínicos para diagnóstico de PAV e ITU; além da coleta de dados no laboratório do HC para definir as ICS em pacientes críticos e não críticos e as ITU em unidades não críticas; adicionalmente, foram realizados no período do estudo, inquéritos mensais da prescrição de antimicrobianos na UTIA. Houve um predomínio do Staphylococcus spp coagulase negativo como agente etiológico das ICS em pacientes críticos (24,6%) e não críticos (30,6%) com 60,0% dos isolados resistentes a oxacilina; da tribo Klebsielleae (23,4%) e da E. coli (29,6%) como causa de ITU em pacientes críticos e não críticos, respectivamente, com resistência acima de 20,0% às cefalosporinas de terceira geração e da P. aeruginosa (42,0%) em isolados de PAV, com resistência acima de 70,0% para imipenem e fluoroquinolonas. A pesquisa do consumo de antibióticos na UTIA apontou as cefalosporinas (49,6%), seguidas por vancomicina (37,4%) e carbapenêmicos (26,6%) como os antimicrobianos mais prescritos na unidade. Comparando nossos achados com outros estudos epidemiológicos em unidades críticas e não críticas nacionais e internacionais, observou-se um elevado isolamento de fenótipos de resistência em nosso hospital, principalmente entre os Gramnegativos, entretanto, não foram observadas variações importantes entre o percentual de fenótipos de resistência aos antimicrobianos isolados nas unidades críticas e não críticas, o que sugere que estes fenótipos se encontram disseminados no hospital, exceto a P. aeruginosa cuja freqüência de resistência foi mais expressiva nos isolados obtidos de pacientes críticos do que aqueles de unidades não críticas.
Mestre em Imunologia e Parasitologia Aplicadas
Riu, i. Camps Marta. "Estudi de l'impacte de les bacterièmies d'adquisició hospitalària en el cost de l'assistència." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/377457.
Full textIntroduction. Bacteremia is a severe infection with high levels of mortality rates, morbidity and resources consumption. The burden is even greater for hospital bacteremia (HB). The incremental cost associated with bacteremia is used as a measure of the impact of these infections. Studies of the incremental costs of hospital infections showed different and variable results: excess cost of infections has been estimated between $ 5,875 and $ 86,500. Bacteremia caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms have worse prognosis than those caused by antimicrobial-susceptible microorganisms. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that antimicrobial resistance causes excess costs of $ 20 billion per year in United States. Due to the complexity of identifying the multitude of activities performed in a hospital, currently few hospitals have developed detailed per patient cost accounting. Consequently, most of studies that analyze cost of bacteremia are based on secondary estimates rather than real costs. Moreover, the possibility of developing a hospital bacteremia is linked to the exposure time; in addition, this infection increases the length of stay. For this reason, hospital stay can be considered a confounding variable and it can cause a bias in the analysis of economic impact known as survivor-treatment selection bias. Few studies have assessed the incremental cost taking into account all these factors. Aim. The main objective was to evaluate the incremental cost associated with hospital acquired bacteremia. It focuses on: 1.- Assess an adjustment model with Propensity score matching (PSM) for the reduction of biases associated with the calculation of the incremental cost, 2.- to calculate the incremental cost of hospital bacteremia classified by antibiotic sensitivity, 2.a.- caused by the most common organisms, 2.b.- according the causative focus. Methods. Patients admitted to the Hospital del Mar in Barcelona from 2005 to 2007 were analyzed for the first objective, and those from 2005 to 2012 for the second. The costs of patients who experienced an episode of HB were compared with patients grouped into the same APR-DRG but without HB. For the second objective, cases of hospital bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected and analyzed because of their high prevalence and their multidrug resistance. For each admission, the probability of developing bacteremia (propensity score) was estimated. Subsequently, propensity score was included in an econometric model to adjust the incremental cost of patients who developed bacteremia, as well as to differentiate it for the infections that caused the bacteremia and whether it was classified by the antibiotic sensitivity of the causative organism. Results. Objective 1: adjusting with PSM the mean incremental cost was €11,916. Gram positive microorganism had the lowest mean incremental cost, €6,933 and the highest was fungi, €32,886. Objective 2a: Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa bacteremia had the highest mean incremental cost, €44,709. Antimicrobial-susceptible E. coli, €10,481, and multidrug-susceptible, €10.481, were the nosocomial bacteremia with the lowest mean incremental cost. Objective 2b: The mean incremental cost was €6,786 for antimicrobial-susceptible UTI and €13,299 for multidrug-resistant UTI bacteremia. The highest incremental costs were found for primary or unknown sources of bacteremia: €26,082 for antimicrobial-susceptible bacteremia, €29,186 for multidrug-resistant bacteremia and €25,292 when the source of bacteremia was a respiratory infection with a multidrug-resistant microorganism. Conclusions. Controlling for possible biases in a structured adjustment model confirms that bacteremia causes a substantial increase of the cost of care. This increase varies according to the type of microorganism sensitivity to antibiotics and to the causes of the focus.
Paulela, Débora Cristina [UNESP]. "Banho no leito convencional e descartável: estudo microbiológico e de custo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138134.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Introdução. Banho no leito é um procedimento executado rotineiramente pela equipe de enfermagem, para atender às necessidades de higiene e conforto. Infere-se a técnica convencional, com uso de baldes, bacias, água, sabonete, luvas e compressas, contribuir para aumento das taxas de infecção hospitalar. A tecnologia descartável para banho no leito propõe prevenir contaminação de uma área corporal com microrganismos provenientes de outra, assim como infecções cruzadas. Objetivo. Avaliar a efetividade dos banhos no leito convencional e descartável sobre a microbiota do paciente hospitalizado, assim como a estimativa de tempo de execução e custo dos mesmos. Métodos. Pesquisa clínica, prospectiva, caso-controle, randomizada, aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e Registro Brasileiro de Ensaio Clínico (ReBEC). Realizou-se este estudo na Unidade de Acidente Vascular Cerebral do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, com amostra de 40 pacientes acamados e randomizados em dois grupos com 20 participantes: grupo A (controle - banho no leito convencional) e grupo B (intervenção - banho no leito descartável). A tecnologia avaliada foi da marca Bag Bath®. Invólucro contendo oito compressas pré-umidificadas com água, surfactantes não iônicos, vitamina E, dexpanthenol, conservantes e fragrâncias, destinadas uma para cada área do corpo. Resultados. Pode-se comprovar a efetividade da tecnologia descartável para banho no leito, sobre a evolução da microbiota da pele de pacientes hospitalizados. Uma vez que, 90% dos participantes que receberam exclusivamente a intervenção, tiveram a pele protegida de bactérias colonizadoras, ao contrário dos submetidos ao banho no leito convencional, que apresentaram 80% das culturas positivadas. Análise estatística demonstrou que, enquanto a carga microbiana dos participantes do Grupo B reduziu com a intervenção descartável, aumentou significantemente nos do Grupo A, que haviam recebido banhos no leito convencional (p<0,001). Conclusões. O banho no leito com uso de tecnologia descartável, da marca testada, mostrou-se significantemente efetivo sobre a carga microbiana da pele de pacientes hospitalizados, quando comparado ao banho convencional. Refutou-se as hipóteses do banho no leito descartável apresentar tempo de execução e custo menores, quando comparado com o convencional. Recomenda-se a realização de novos estudos sobre essas variáveis, por entende-las importantes no dimensionamento de recursos humanos em enfermagem, assim como na decisão por escolhas de insumos hospitalares.
Introduction. Bed bath is a procedure performed routinely by nursing staff to meet the needs of hygiene and comfort. A conventional technique is inferred, using buckets, basins, water, soap, gloves and pads, contributing to increased hospital infection rates. The disposable bed bath technology proposes to prevent contamination of a body area with microorganisms from another, and cross-infection. Goal. Evaluate the effectiveness of the baths in conventional and disposable bed on the microbiota of hospitalized patients, as well as the estimated run time and cost thereof. Methods. Clinical, prospective, case-control, randomized research, approved by the Research Ethics Committee and Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trial (Rebec). We conducted this study in Stroke Unit of the Hospital of the Botucatu School of Medicine, with sample of 40 bedridden patients randomized into two groups with 20 participants: group A (control - bath in the conventional bed) and group B (intervention - bath in disposable bed). The technology of the brand Bag Bath was evaluated®. Containing eight pads pre-moistened with water, nonionic surfactants, Vitamin E, Dexpanthenol, preservatives and fragrances, one for each intended area of the body. Results. One can prove the effectiveness of disposable technology for bed bath on the evolution of microflora of the skin of hospitalized patients. Since 90% of participants who received only the intervention had skin protected from colonizing bacteria, unlike subjected to the bath in the conventional bed, which showed 80% of positive cultures. Statistical analysis showed that, whereas the microbial load of the participants in Group B decreased with disposable intervention, increased significantly in Group A, who had received baths in conventional bed (p <0.001). Conclusions. Bed bath with the use of disposable technology, tested brand, proved to be significantly effective on the microbial load of the skin of hospitalized patients, when compared to conventional bath. The hypothesis of disposable bed bath present shorter run time and lower costs when compared with the conventional has been refuted. It is recommended to carry out further studies on these variables, to understand their importance on the design of human resources in nursing, as well as the decision by hospital supplies choices.
FAPESP: 2014/25099-2
Rinaudo, Mariano. "Adquisiclón de infecciones por microorganismos resistentes en poblaclones especiales inmunodeprimidas ingresadas en UCI." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/291557.
Full textLagrange, Isabelle. "Epidémiologie d'infections nosocomiales à staphylococcus aureus résistants à la méthicilline, aux lincosamines et aux streptogramines A." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P095.
Full textSolis, Urzua Paola Yazmin, and Álvarez Julia Penélope Díaz. "FRECUENCIA Y COMPORTAMIENTO DE LAS VARIABLES EPIDEMIOLÓGICAS EN RECIÉN NACIDOS CON INFECCIÓN NOSOCOMIAL Y SUS MICROORGANISMOS AISLADOS, EN LA UNIDAD DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS NEONATALES DEL HOSPITAL GENERAL DR. NICOLÁS SAN JUAN. EN EL PERIODO 1DE MARZO DEL.2009 AL 28 DE. FEBRERO DEL 2010." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://ri.uaemex.mx/handle/123456789/14035.
Full textAujoulat, Fabien. "Adaptation et spécialisation des bactéries environnementales à l'infection humaine : étude des genres Ochrobactrum et Agrobacterium." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13501/document.
Full textThe opportunistic bacterial pathogens (OBP) cause the main part of bacterial infectious diseases. Environmental-borne OBP should encounter dramatic changes in lifestyle in order to colonize human beings. The conditions of this adaptation should precise concepts about OBP and emerging pathogens.The genera Ochrobactrum and Agrobacterium groups bacteria with versatile lifestyles that establish diverse relationships with the eukaryotic cells. These environmental-borne OBP caused diverse infectious diseases in immune-compromised patients. In this study, we undertook an approach of multilocus genetic on large population of environmental and clinical strains of Ochrobactrum and Agrobacterium. The population structures were compared to phenotypic traits related to adaptation and virulence in man, such as growth temperature, biofilm formation and virulence tested in Caenorhabditis elegans and human macrophages models.Ochrobactrum anthropi and Ochrobactrum intermedium are the two main Ochrobactrum species to be involved in human diseases. O. anthropi displays an epidemic population structure organized in two large clonal complexes (CCs). CC4 groups only human associated strains whereas CC1 contain environmental and clinical strains. Population genetics suggested that CC4 is a human-associated clone although phenotypic, genomic and virulence traits do not differ between CC1 and CC4 strains.As O. anthropi, O. intermedium displays a high genetic diversity without correlation between the genetic structure and the origin of strains. The level of genetic diversity among clinical strains appears as high as observed in the whole population. Several data such as a low level of genomic diversity suggested that O. intermedium is associated to a narrow ecological niche. The low number of environmental strains described for this species as well as an optimal growth at 37°C suggested that human beings could be the main niche for O. intermedium. Virulence in macrophage and C. elegans models showed diverse behaviour whereas some strains are able to survive and multiply in macrophages model.Multilocus genetics in a population of Agrobacterium spp. that displays diverse lifestyles, revealed a human associated population as observed for O. anthropi. The clinical genovar A7 groups 80% of the clinical strains included in the study, this strains growing at 42°C. Data obtained in this study will be confronted to the knowledge about other environmental-borne OBP such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and bacteria belonging to the species complex Burkholderia cepacia. All these bacteria displayed sub-populations associated to man or to a particular human disease. These sub-populations suggest a specialization process that will be described in the context of the speciation of bacterial pathogen in order to revisite the concept of « opportunisme infectieux »
Cateau, Estelle. "Développement de nouvelles approches in vitro pour l'inhibition des biofilms de candida : recherche de molécules fongiques inhibitrices et mise au point d'un modèle de traitement verrou." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT1402.
Full textCaillier, Laurent. "Composés fluorés antimicrobiens : synthèse de monomères, élaboration de polymères, études physico-chimiques et biologiques." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4105.
Full textToday, Health Personnel are extremely cautious to avoid inert surfaces contamination by micro-organisms. However, despite the use of disinfectants, antibiotics, and the setting of strict hygienic conditions, it seems that nosocomial infections control such as, amongst others, infections resulting from operations, remains one of the major challenges for medicine. The objective of this manuscript is to present the modification of an inert material (glass, plastic, metal) after application of a biocidal polymer on its surface so as to make it bioactive. Our research work revolves around the preparation and the evaluation of fluorinated polymers and copolymers of quaternary ammonium type. We have prepared new series of polymerizable quaternary ammonium salts, hydrocarbon and fluorinated, precursor of the expected polyammoniums. The physico-chemical properties in solution of the obtained surfactants (CMC, γCMC) were evaluated previous to the measurement of the antimicrobial activity of these structures by determining their minimum inhibitory (MIC) and lethal concentrations (MLC), doing so for four characteristic micro-organisms. A set of potentially bioactive homopolymers and copolymers was prepared. The various tests of solubility have showed that the copolymers were water-soluble, and that the homopolymers alone, due to their water-insolubility, could be used as coatings for an antimicrobial contact activity test. Therefore, we have worked out, validated, and then used a biological activity test by contact against Staphylococcus aureus. For the most efficient coatings, the reduction of the bacterial population was above 99,95% after 24 hours of contact. For copolymers, the antimicrobial activity in solution was above the corresponding monomers
Albiño, Córdova Amalia Aida. "Consumo de antimicrobianos de reserva en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital Nivel I Carlos Alcántara Butterfield EsSalud, julio a setiembre 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11610.
Full textTrabajo académico
Casas, Moya Gianella Delia, and Pardo Klauss Fredy Castillo. "Prevalencia de genes blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24-like y blaOXA- 58-like en cepas de Acinetobacter baumannii resistentes a carbapenémicos de un Hospital Nacional de Referencia en Lima durante diciembre 2017 – marzo 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10168.
Full textTesis
Olivari, Veramendi Erika Ruth, and Villafuerte Maria Cristina Ortiz. "Evaluación del uso de antimicrobianos de uso restringido en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins. Lima, Perú – 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12175.
Full textTesis
Andron, Pascal. "Les infections à "Streptococcus pneumoniae" de 1984 à 1990 à l''hôpital Louis Mourier de Colombes : aspect épidémiologique et évolution de la résistance à la pénicilline." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P006.
Full textSpérandio, Daniel. "Étude des facteurs de virulence et de l'implication des phénomènes de variations phénotypiques dans la pathogénie d'une souche hospitalière de Pseudomonas fluorescens MFN1032." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES020.
Full textPseudomonas fluorescens is a ubiquitous Gram negative bacterium with a high adaptation capacity. Due to its psychrotrophic character, this species is usually considered as nonpathogen. Nevertheless, strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens were identified in hospital in patients suffering from nosocomial diseases. A clinical strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, MFN1032, was isolated from patient suffering from a lung infection. This strain has a secreted hemolytic activity involving biosurfactants. This strain was subject to phenotypic variation. Two groups of phenotypic variants are defective in biosurfactant production. This suggests biosurfactant production is highly regulated. The phenotypic modification of one variants group results from the disruption of GacA/GacS and could enhance fitness for acute infection. The second group variant may involve a c-di-GMP level variation, which is not yet understood, and shows a phenotype adapted to chronic infection. However, MFN1032 possesses a cell-associated hemolytic activity independent of secreted hemolytic activity, maintained in variants. This activity is thermoregulated and is inhibited by quorum sensing. The GacS/GacA system is a negative regulator of this activity. MFN1032 is virulent towards Dictyostelium discoideum and shows cytotoxicity on macrophage cell line, phenotypes that are independent from biosurfactants. The interruption of an operon containing hrcRST genes, homologous to hrpU operon genes of type three secretion system (T3SS) of Pseudomonas rhizospheric bacteria, provokes the loss of these activities. These results report, for the first time the involvement of T3SS basal part in Pseudomonas fluorescens virulence
Piscoya, Sara Julia Rosa. "Evaluación de la vigilancia de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos en infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud en los servicios de hospitalización del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16411.
Full textSaulou, Claire. "Evaluation des propriétés anti-adhésives et biocides de films nanocomposites avec inclusions d’argent, déposés sur acier inoxydable par procédé plasma." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000315/.
Full textIn the biomedical domain and the food industry, microbial adhesion to surfaces generates multiple negative consequences, in terms of human health, hygiene and safety of processed food. In this context, our approach is based on developing a 316L stainless steel surface treatment, to prevent microbial colonization. The surface modifications, mediated by chemical or physical treatment, did not promote Saccharomyces cerevisiae detachment, evaluated in vitro using a shear stress flow chamber. The interactions between the microbial surface and metallic elements of the passive film were hypothesized to play a predominant role in this strong adhesion. An original and dual strategy, based on a plasma process associating hexamethyldisiloxane polymerization and silver target bombardment in an asymmetrical radiofrequency discharge, was carried out and optimized. Stainless steel surfaces were thus coated with nanocomposite thin films (~ 175 nm), composed of an organosilicon matrix, exhibiting anti-adhesive properties towards S. Cerevisiae, in which were embedded silver nanoparticles, displaying a high antimicrobial reactivity. A large set of complementary analytical techniques, operating at different scales, was used to correlate nanocomposite film characteristics with their anti-adhesive and antimicrobial efficiency. A total inhibition of yeast cell adhesion was achieved, by increasing the matrix polar character, through oxygen addition during the plasma process. In parallel, a 1. 9 log reduction in viable counts was achieved for sessile yeast cells. Further experiments were dedicated to the thorough understanding of cellular changes induced by silver release. A deterioration of the secondary structure of proteins (cell wall, intracellular), combined with ultra-structure alterations, was observed. In addition, the biocide activity of the nanocomposite film was confirmed against two prokaryotic models (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). The necessity of a direct contact between microorganisms and coating was demonstrated for a maximal antimicrobial efficiency. Lastly, the durability of the coating properties was assessed through a repeated use of the nanocomposite films. A decrease in the antifungal activity, coupled to an anti-adhesive property enhancement, was noticed and explained by the silver release during the first use
Ribeiro, Carolina Almeida Carvalho da Silva. "Relatórios de Estágio e Monografia intitulada "Infeções nosocomiais provocadas por bactérias ESKAPE"." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/88325.
Full textAs infeções nosocomiais englobam uma série de patologias, nomeadamente a pneumonia nosocomial, pneumonia associada ao ventilador, infeções do trato urinário, septicémias e infeções do local cirúrgico. Estas são uma realidade a nível mundial contribuindo para o aumento da mortalidade, morbilidade e dos custos em saúde. As bactérias ESKAPE, acrónimo para o grupo de bactérias composto por Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Enterobacter spp., constituem as principais bactérias responsáveis por este tipo de infeções, sendo o maior problema as resistências desenvolvidas por estes microrganismos aos antibióticos.Para o tratamento das infeções bacterianas, o maior aliado continua a ser o antibiótico, no entanto com a massificação da sua utilização, muitas vezes inapropriada, a eficácia destes medicamentos tem vindo a diminuir ao longo dos anos. Esta realidade verifica-se uma vez que as bactérias possuem a capacidade de adquirir resistência aos antibióticos, tornando-se frequentemente em bactérias multirresistentes. Desta forma, quando se está perante uma infeção provocada por um microrganismo ESKAPE, as opções de tratamento tornam-se bastante limitadas. Consequentemente, a falta de antibióticos eficazes coloca em risco a saúde de todos. Por conseguinte, as medidas de prevenção de infeção adquirem um carácter de extrema importância, na medida em que evitam a propagação das infeções e consequentemente a utilização de antimicrobianos. Além das terapêuticas disponíveis existem ainda outras alternativas tais como a associação de antibióticos com inibidores das beta-lactamases, aminoglicosídeos sintéticos como a plazomicina ou a terapia fotodinâmica.
Nosocomial infections include some pathologies like nosocomial pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, urinary tract infections, septicemia, and surgical site infections. These are a reality all over the world contributing to increased mortality, morbidity and health costs. The ESKAPE bacteria, a group of bacteria composed by Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. are the principle bacteria responsible for this type of infection.For the treatment of bacterial infections, the greatest ally remains the antibiotic, however, with the intensification of its use, often inappropriate, the effectiveness of these drugs has been decreasing over the years. This is a reality because bacteria are able to acquire resistance to the antibiotics, and often become multiresistant. This is one of the major problems of ESKAPE microorganisms, therefore, when confronted with an infection caused by any of them, the treatment options become very limited. As a consequence, the lack of effective antibiotics put in risk the health of everyone. In this way, infection prevention measures are extremely important since they prevent the spread of infections and their severity, and as a consequence the use of antibiotics. In addition to the available therapies, there are some other alternatives, such as the combination of antibiotics with beta-lactamase inhibitors, synthetic aminoglycosides like plazomicin, or photodynamic therapy.
De, Smidt Johannes Willem. "An evaluation of the relative effectiveness of mother tincture, 3X and 8X homeopathic garlic (allium sativum) dilutions on five strains of nosocomial multidrug-resistant microorganisms in terms of bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects in order to validate the clinical use of garlic in patients infected by these organisms." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1847.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to test the relative effectiveness of extract, 3X and 8X homeopathic garlic (Allium sativum) dilutions on Candida albicans and nosocomial multidrug- resistant strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Eschericia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in terms of bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects in order to validate the clinical use of garlic in patients infected by these organisms. The test organisms were provided by the Department of Microbiology at the University of Stellenbosch Medical School. A 1:2 aqueous extract was prepared from fresh garlic bulbs. From the extract the 3X and 8X dilutions were made in distilled water according to the method of the German Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. In the experimental group, these three garlic preparations and standardised solutions of each of the five test organisms were serially added, in equal quantities, to nine samples of nutrient broth, incubated and optically evaluated for turbidity against McFarlane standards. Samples showing garlic activity were plated out, incubated and the Colony Forming Units (CFU's) counted. Similarly, in the control group, solutions of each of the five test organisms were added to nine samples of nutrient broth, incubated and optically evaluated for turbidity against McFarlane standards. The CFUs of the experimental and control groups were statistically compared by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test. III Those strains against which garlic exhibited a bactericidal effect (kill = >99,9%), were subjected to a timelkill experiment to determine the time required for the garlic to kill thew
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Simelane, Sibusiso Chalazela. "Adherence to infection control standards by nurses in a specific hospital in Manzini, Swaziland." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19205.
Full textHealth Studies
M. A. (Health Studies)