Relevant bibliographies by topics / Notions of social problems

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Notions of social problems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Notions of social problems"

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Barojas, Jorge, and Nahina Dehesa. "Mathematics for Social Scientists." Industry and Higher Education 15, no. 4 (August 2001): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000001101295768.

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The teaching of the concept of function is considered as an example of the problems encountered by social science students in learning mathematics at the level of an introductory college course. The key notions of learning cycles and teaching strategies are presented as guidelines to overcome some of the cognitive problems that students have. Finally, some training implications of learning mathematics are discussed.
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Kouros, Chrystyna D., E. Mark Cummings, and Patrick T. Davies. "Early trajectories of interparental conflict and externalizing problems as predictors of social competence in preadolescence." Development and Psychopathology 22, no. 3 (June 24, 2010): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000258.

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AbstractConsistent with developmental cascade notions, the present study investigated (a) associations between trajectories of interparental conflict and early externalizing problems during childhood and (b) early trajectories of externalizing problems as a pathway by which interparental conflict impacts children's social competence in preadolescence. Participants were 235 children and their parents and teachers. Children were assessed annually for 3 years, beginning when they were in kindergarten. Parents provided reports of interparental conflict and child externalizing problems. Children's social competence (prosocial behavior, social problems) was assessed approximately 5 years later via parent and teacher reports. Results from parallel process models indicated that changes in interparental conflict were positively associated with changes in externalizing problems during childhood. Further, demonstrating pathways consistent with notions of developmental cascades, early trajectories of externalizing problems accounted for the longitudinal link between early trajectories of interparental conflict and children's social problems in preadolescence.
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Bidabad, Bijan. "Social Changes: An Islamic Sufi Approach." International Journal of Shari'ah and Corporate Governance Research 2, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijscgr.v2i2.319.

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Change of the society begins with change and transformation of humankind. Human beings change is due to their educations in all respects of social customs, etiquette, organizational skills, and customs of ethical and occupational. Different ideas about the way to change people's opinion return back to human beings' notions. However, some believe that imbalance of forces in various classes of the society is the reason for revolutions and changes in. If a notion is rejected, then its tradition will collapse, and tradition-breaking starts. Because notion connects values to nature of objects and value them, and this credited value is known as a reality for human beings. Transformation starts when those notions that convert customs and habits to tradition, and then to institution start to change. Combination of old and new notions appears a synthesis of notion, and in the next step, the synthesis works as a thesis and reappearance of antithesis ends to revolutions and evolution of the societies. General rules of being are not specific to a particular science. Further, social pressures, evolutions, and revolutions comply with the laws of mechanics. Mechanical laws are highly adaptable to bring the forces and pressures into individual and social changes analysis. As empirical scientist discovered and described the mathematical rules of physical laws to analyze and study the physical and chemical phenomena; it is time to place that psychologists, as well as social scientists, discover the mathematical expressive rules within individual and interpersonal behavioral realms. Islam proposes the most important theory of social changes and evolution toward ethical promotion, and principally, though considers class differences and conflicts regarding the issues of interest, wealth and materialism, but enlightens people that all these affairs are just credited and should not be emphasized more than necessary. Birth of a human being is birth of a thinking force that regarding the average intelligence and norms condition of human society, can solve his problems, and among the born based on the probability distribution functions, some are with very high IQs who can initiate large changes in larger societies. Instead of inhibiting population growth, raise a population reform agenda. Therefore, considers special rules dealing with male-female relationships and marriage.
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Maleševic, Siniša. "Researching social and ethnic identity." Studying Identity: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges 2, no. 2 (November 18, 2003): 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.2.2.05mal.

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This paper focuses on the relationship between the conceptual and methodological problems in the study of social and ethnic identity. The author argues that the theoretical and conceptual deficiencies in defining and understanding the notions of “identity” and “ethnic identity” are reflected in the quality and type of research strategies used to asses empirical claims to ethnic identity. The first part of the paper critically reviews and analyses the use of the concepts “identity” and “ethnic identity” in social science and the humanities. The author focuses in particular on the conceptual history and geography of “identity” stressing its cultural and historical exclusivity. The second part of the paper assesses how these conceptual, historical and cultural problems affect methodological and research strategies in the study of ethnic identity.
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Böröcz, József. "Stand Reconstructed: Contingent Closure and Institutional Change." Sociological Theory 15, no. 3 (November 1997): 215–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0735-2751.00033.

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The process is traced whereby crucially important, multiple denotations of classical sociology's key notion referring to social position—the Weberian German concept of Stand—have been stripped to create a simplified and inaccurate representation of social inequalities. Some historical material from central Europe is surveyed, with a brief look at Japan, to demonstrate validity problems created by blanket application of the culturally specific, streamlined notions of status/class. As an alternative, a notion of contingent social closure argues that relaxing the modernizationist assumptions of a single transition from estate to status/class increases the comparative-historical sensitivity of research on social structure, inequality, and stratification. A dynamic reading of Polányi suggests a reconceptualization of institutions as the “raw material” of social change. This might help to avoid the outdated contrast of the “West” vs. its “Others.”
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Kimmitt, Jonathan, and Pablo Muñoz. "Sensemaking the ‘social’ in social entrepreneurship." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 36, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 859–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242618789230.

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In the collective imagination, the practices and outcomes of social entrepreneurship seem to hold hope for a better future. So far, these practices have been largely assumed as idealised types with the ‘social’ in social entrepreneurship underexplored. Such assumed neutrality, we argue, is hampering the development of a more robust theoretical corpus for understanding the phenomenon and inspiring practices that are more effective. In this article, we analyse the sensemaking of the social in social entrepreneurship by exploring the ways in which social entrepreneurs make sense of social problems and develop solutions for addressing them. Our empirical analyses of the stories of 15 social entrepreneurs indicate two distinct types of sensemaking and sensegiving practices, aligned with Amartya Sen’s notions of social justice. Drawing on these findings, sensemaking and social justice theory, we elaborate a two-type social sensemaking model pertaining to the appreciation and assessment of circumstances and the differing problem/solution combinations emerging from alternative ontological views of what constitutes a social problem.
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Luiz Coradini, Odaci. "The divergences between Bourdieu’s and Coleman’s notions of social capital and their epistemological limits." Social Science Information 49, no. 4 (December 2010): 563–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018410377130.

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With the ongoing expansion of the uses of the concept of social capital, the literature critical on these uses has also grown. The principal references in the literature on social capital are Coleman’s and Bourdieu’s conceptual definitions, with a strong quantitative prominence of the former. Bourdieu’s definition of social capital is generally taken as a positive counterpoint, but it is merely allusive and does not go deeply into the theoretical and analytical implications. The principal objective of the present article is to demonstrate that one of the main problems in these criticisms revolving around the notion of social capital stems from its non-contextualized use, irrespective of its theoretical and epistemological bases. Such eclecticism can be very common in the social sciences, but in this specific case it is aggravated by the nominal coincidence of the notions originating in the work of Coleman and Bourdieu, which have different meanings.
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Anshelevich, Elliot, Aris Filos-Ratsikas, Nisarg Shah, and Alexandros A. Voudouris. "Distortion in social choice problems." ACM SIGecom Exchanges 19, no. 1 (June 2021): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3476436.3476439.

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The notion of distortion in social choice problems has been defined to measure the loss in efficiency---typically measured by the utilitarian social welfare, the sum of utilities of the participating agents---due to having access only to limited information about the preferences of the agents. Here, we provide a comprehensive reading list on the related literature.
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Vandekinderen, Caroline, Griet Roets, Rudi Roose, and Geert Van Hove. "Rediscovering Recovery: Reconceptualizing Underlying Assumptions of Citizenship and Interrelated Notions of Care and Support." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/496579.

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Over the last few decades, research, policy, and practice in the field of mental health care and a complementary variety of social work and social service delivery have internationally concentrated onrecoveryas a promising concept. In this paper, a conceptual distinction is made between anindividualapproach and asocialapproach to recovery, and underlying assumptions of citizenship and interrelated notions and features of care and support are identified. It is argued that the conditionality of the individual approach to recovery refers to a conceptualization of citizenship asnormative, based on the existence of a norm that operates in every domain of our society. We argue that these assumptions place a burden ofself-governanceon citizens with mental health problems and risk producing people with mental health problems as nonrecyclable citizens. The social approach to recovery embraces a different conceptualization of citizenship asrelational and inclusiveand embodies the myriad ways in which the belonging of people with mental health problems can be constructed in practice. As such, we hope to enable social services and professionals in the field to balance their role in the provision of care and support to service users with mental health problems.
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Lash, Martha J., and Janice Kroeger. "Seeking justice through social action projects: Preparing teachers to be social actors in local and global problems." Policy Futures in Education 16, no. 6 (January 15, 2018): 691–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478210317751272.

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In this article, we share a social action process useful in teacher education and derived from a decade of practical experience with social action projects. Influences, theoretical underpinnings, and individual leadership in an early childhood teacher education program are considered alongside practical enactments of social action projects by preservice teachers in their licensure program. One particular type of field-based assignment, the social action project, is described and analyzed. An examination of program transformations expanding the social justice framework to include more global perspectives, such as the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Program, shaped and challenged our earlier notions of working to address isms to frame justice and advocate for children in larger social and educational networks. We suggest what social action should and can entail in teacher education for an interdependent world and offer a gradient of social action for justice in early childhood education practices and environments.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Notions of social problems"

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Saeed, Sheba. "Regulation of begging in Mumbai : a critique of religious and secular laws and notions of power." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4425/.

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Begging is a complex, ambivalent phenomenon. People are often divided on their views on begging creating a dichotomy of standpoints; those who emphasise with the issue and those who are critical of it. The phenomenon cannot be understoon in a binary fashion. Both the written thesis and the audio-visual component move from a stance where begging is associated with being a socio-cultural issue to one that is actually much more complex and very political in nature. In doing so, it critiques the regulation of begging in Mumbai using religious codes of practice and secular law as well as analysing notions of power. There are two components to the thesis comprising a written element and an audio-visual documentary, which can stand independent of each other but are also linked as much of the dialogue that is a part of the documentary is discussed in depth in the written thesis and vice versa. The aim of the written critique is to support and amplify the audio-visual presentation.
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Jonasson, Ingrid. "Hur gick det sen? : Om tidigare bidragsmottagare ur ett livsloppsperspektiv." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-48673.

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The aim of this dissertation is to shed light on how life can turn out for individuals with long term social assistance and afterwards when it has ceased. The primary objective of the dissertation is to study the changes that have occurred during the life course and the impact of those changes on the life course at large. A key question of this dissertation is the development of selfsufficiency and work-life patterns in a longitudinal perspective. The dissertation consists of a longitudinal study based on qualitative interviews with an interval of 20 years. The empirical data is composed of interviews with 11 recipients of social assistance – seven of which have been interviewed again in 2008/2009. A life course perspective is employed in the data analysis as a comprehensive approach and analytical tool. Other analytical approaches are related to the impact of the welfare state on the life course and to the term marginality. The situation of the interviewed group regarding self-sufficiency, employment and social conditions is viewed from a one-year perspective, a 20- year perspective and a life course perspective. The different time perspectives generated widely diverse pictures and nowledge. Not everyone worked at the point of the last interview but all were in a better social and economical position. No one remained on social assistance. One conclusion is that the notion of social problems being reinforced and exacerbated over time is simplistic. Another conclusion is that it appears that social assistance and social services have little importance from a life course perspective. A concluding result is that cross-sectional studies of individuals in a vulnerable situation are of limited value. A brief look at a person’s life does not say much of what the rest of his or her life will look like. Keywords: Life course, long term social assistance, social welfare services, human agency, timing, social integration, notions of social problems, welfare state, marginality.
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Vieira, Domingos. "La solidarité au coeur de l'éthique sociale la notion de solidarité dans l'enseignement social de l'Église catholique /." Paris : Mare & Martin, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40210465q.

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Texte remanié de : Thèse de doctorat : Histoire moderne et contemporaine : Paris 4 : 2005 : La notion de coniunctio et de solidarietas dans l'enseignement social de l'Église catholique au XIXème et XXème siècle.
En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 373-407. Liste de sites Internet p. 407-408.
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Lin, Tianyu. "Some Stationary and Evolution Problems Governed by Various Notions of Monotone Operators." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32783.

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The purpose of this work is to explore some notions of monotonicity for operators between Banach spaces and the applications to the study of boundary value problems (BVPs) and initial boundary value problems (IBVPs) for partial differential equations (PDEs), with the possibility in the end to examine new problems and provide some solutions. Variational approach will be used to reformulate these problems into stationary equations (in the case of BVPs) and evolution equations (in the case of IBVPs), where the underlined operators constructed as realizations of those problems in appropriate function spaces. This is known as weak formulation, which allows us to find weak solutions of the problems in a larger functions space rather than classical solutions that are sufficiently smooth. The theory of monotone and pseudomonotone operators will be applied to find existence theorems for stationary equations and evolution equations. In addition, the existence theorem for evolution equations with locally monotone operator will also be presented as a generalisation of the one with monotone operators. Another type of monotonicity so-called strict p-quasimonotonicity, which is defined in term of Young measures. This type of weaker, integrated version of monotonicity is directly applied in the study of elliptic and parabolic system of PDEs, the difficulty arises from dealing with this monotonicity is overcome by the theory of Young measures. The application of these monotonicity in the study of variational inequality will also be discussed. In particular, there is a new setting for strict p-quasimonotonicity in a particular type of elliptic variational inequalities, the proof of the new existence theorem will also be presented. Some open problems on the application of strict p-quasimonotonicity in the study of parabolic variational inequalities will also be discussed. Finally, we mention the theory of monotone and pseudomonotone operators in the study of second order evolution equations. A new setting of the local monotonicity in the second order evolution equations will be presented as well as the new existence theorem.
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Kleinrichert, Denise. "Responsibility and practice in notions of corporate social responsibility." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001893.

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Voorhees, Jeremy 1978. "Play and tolerance : notions of looseness in social and material assemblages." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27031.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references.
The material scenario provides the most illustrative of entry points into this collection of evidence embodying the difference between play and tolerance. In a material assemblage, the looseness in a joint (expansion, pin, etc.) allows the assemblage to respond to dynamic loads such as wind and heat. Without this play, the construction becomes brittle, unable to flex under the concrete conditions of its situation. The looseness in this sense is productive. Tolerance, in the manufacturing of components, begins with a diagram (engineering specifications) and the looseness in its production, the difference between the diagram and actual, is derogatory. This thesis uses play and tolerance as points of departure and return, organizing a collection of evidence that frames technology, aesthetics, social organizations, systems of control and analysis as a way to illustrate and dramatize the effects of these different attitudes towards looseness, attempting to find places for play in the city in hopes of identifying potential for an urbanity outside the paradigm of compliance.
by Jeremy Voorhees.
S.M.
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Spiro, Emma S. "Searching for community online: how virtual spaces affect student notions of community." Pomona College, 2007. http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/u?/stc,15.

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Social networking sites and virtual spaces have flourished in the past few years. The author explores the impact of such social networking services on the local community at a small liberal arts college. The author investigates modern trends in community theory. Defining community has become more difficult in modern society, where community is no longer easily distinguished by geographical boundaries. From the background of modern community theory the author explores the designation of virtual spaces as “virtual communities.” Literature and research about virtual spaces indicates that they can provide many of the values thought be to inherent to community membership. The strong localized community on campus makes students hesitant in calling Facebook a “virtual community,” despite its strong integration with the face-to-face community itself. Facebook is seen as simply a tool. This thesis incorporates research on one specific case study: through mathematical and ethnographic research of Facebook.com, the author evaluates the opinions of students in considering virtual spaces as communities.
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Alm, Björn. "The un/selfish leader : Changing notions in a Tamil Nadu village." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Anthropology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-948.

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'The un/selfish' leader explores notions of selfishness, as they were perceived by people in the village of Ekkaraiyur, Tamil Nadu, India, at a time they associated with thorough changes in their lives.

Discussing locally held notions about agrarian change, seen as causing the erosion of earlier village loyalties and leading to the emergence of a new type of leaders, the study focus on the censure of the alleged corruption of these leaders. Expressed in a rich repertoire of stories about the ideals of leadership and about the excellence of the past and foreign societies, the censure was routinely voiced in public debates and in everyday conversations.

Set against a background an increasing role of the state for the people in Ekkaraiyur, the censure of leaders implied a critique of the contemporary society they were taken to represent. Moreover, the study argues that the critique was grounded in evaluations of individualism and selfishness in human nature.

The study is based on fieldwork carried out in Ekkaraiyur between 1988 and 1990

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Carrillo, Cabrera Ulises. "Ethnic fragmentation and social expenditure : notions of social solidarity and membership and the challenges of ethnic diversity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:57f7e643-e4ae-4e3f-82e0-26a24255db4a.

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Does ethnic fragmentation negatively affect social expenditure? In this thesis, I examine why this research question, only partially tackled by the political economy literature, is also central for the social policy field. Using a sample of 156 countries, and controlling for variables that social policy theory postulate as essential to explain welfare provision, I offer evidence that higher levels of ethnic fragmentation lead to lower levels of social expenditure. On that basis, I present a theoretical framework that explores how this relationship can be explained. Ethnic fragmentation is presented as a variable that complicates the development of social solidarity and the notions of shared identity, and shifts social mobilisation from issues of economic redistribution towards ethno-cultural recognition. I also conduct a second series of statistical analysis that show that there is evidence to support the previous propositions. Additionally, using a different confirmatory test, I explore the correspondence between the levels of de-commodification that 18 welfare states provide, and the principles of blood descent (jus sanguinis) or civic ties (jus solis) that their respective national laws favour. The findings show that the welfare regimes with the most de-commodifying provision tend to favour ethno-cultural principles. Finally, I emphasize that the probable effects of ethnic fragmentation in an increasingly multicultural world, with its tendencies to put social integration and differentiation issues back on the agenda, are not a prediction of erosion of the welfare state, but an important element to take into account in the creation and robustness of shared identities and notions of common belonging when designing social policy.
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Littaye, Alexandra. "Finding time in the geographies of food : how heritage food discourses shape notions of place." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:259a4358-2b71-4d55-940d-9e7664f2d95d.

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This thesis presents a multi-sited and multi-scalar ethnography of the processes and practices through which producers attempt to designate food as heritage. Grounded in cultural geography, it adopts a cultural economy approach to addressing concerns within agro-food studies by joining in conversation notions of heritage, place-making and time. By underlining the intrinsic relation between articulations of time and constructions of place, this thesis further maps the alternative geographies of food. It engages with three overarching questions, drawing on research conducted within two heritage-based food initiatives in Mexico and Scotland, both linked to the Slow Food movement. These produce, respectively, a traditional sweet called pinole and 'real' bread. The thesis asks: what objectives are pursued through the heritagisation of food whereby various actors strategically coin foods as heritage? How is time articulated in the discourse of heritage food, and how do heritage food networks and producers understand time as a component of food quality? Finally, what senses of place emerge from the various uses of time as a quality in global, translocal and local heritage food discourses? This thesis explores Slow Food's heritage qualification scheme and the ensuing commodification of heritage food, as well as translocal networks, and practices of 'slow' production. Through empirical engagements it argues that the qualification of heritage foods is multifunctional and that various articulations of time enable small-scale producers to engage with a plethora of socio-economic and political issues. Numerous and at times conflicting constructions of place surface from the discourses woven around these two heritage products and problematise identity formation and narratives of the past linked to producers and communities. This thesis concludes that the constructions of place associated with heritage foods depend not only upon the authority and circumstances of actors articulating a heritage discourse, but also on the scale of the dissemination of that discourse, and on the notions and understandings of time associated with heritage and place.
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Books on the topic "Notions of social problems"

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Vieira, Domingos Lourenço. La solidarité au coeur de l'éthique sociale: La notion de solidarité dans l'enseignement social de l'Église catholique. Paris: Mare et Martin, 2006.

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Ashbacher, Charles. Collection of problems on Smarandache notions. Vail [Ariz.]: Erhus University Press, 1996.

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Notions élémentaires de musique. Oakville, Ont: F. Harris Music, 1986.

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Kashihara, Kenichiro. Comments and topics on Smarandache notions and problems. Vail, AZ: Erhus University Press, 1996.

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Gélinas, Marie-Claude. La communication: Notions fondamentales. Anjou, Québec: Éditions CEC, 2005.

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Barbara, Bushby, ed. Thoughts & notions: High beginning reading practice. Boston, Mass: Heinle & Heinle, 2000.

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chrétienne, Frères de l'instruction. Notions de trigonométrie pratique: Avec 368 exercices gradués. Laprairie [Québec]: Procure des Frères de l'Instruction chrétienne, 1996.

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Yoneyama, Toshinao. Basic notions in Japanese social relations. Richmond, Ind: Institute for Education on Japan, Earlham College, 1989.

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Toshinao, Yoneyama. Basic notions in Japanese social relations. Richmond, Ind: Institute for Education on Japan, Earlham College, 1989.

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Kornblum, William. Social problems. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Notions of social problems"

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Meyerhoff, Miriam. "Empirical problems with domain-based notions of "simple"." In Social Lives in Language – Sociolinguistics and multilingual speech communities, 327–55. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.24.20mey.

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Mortini, Raymond, and Rudolf Rupp. "Various notions of reducibility and stable ranks." In Extension Problems and Stable Ranks, 1701–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73872-3_32.

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Williams, Michael. "Social Problems." In Society Today, 180–84. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08845-4_39.

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Titeux, Isabelle, and Yakov Yakubov. "General notions, definitions, and results." In Application of Abstract Differential Equations to Some Mechanical Problems, 1–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1080-1_1.

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Panagiotopoulos, P. D. "Essential Notions and Propositions of Functional Analysis." In Inequality Problems in Mechanics and Applications, 3–34. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5152-1_1.

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Bonds, Eric. "The Human Right to Health and the Toxic Politics of Expendability." In Social Problems, 64–75. 2nd ed. Second Edition. |New York City : Routledge Books, 2021. |Series: Framing 21st century social issues | Revised edition of the author’s Social problems, 2013.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315169521-6.

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Bonds, Eric. "Introduction to the Human Rights Perspective." In Social Problems, 1–12. 2nd ed. Second Edition. |New York City : Routledge Books, 2021. |Series: Framing 21st century social issues | Revised edition of the author’s Social problems, 2013.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315169521-1.

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Bonds, Eric. "Carbon Pollution, Climate Change, and Human Rights." In Social Problems, 76–87. 2nd ed. Second Edition. |New York City : Routledge Books, 2021. |Series: Framing 21st century social issues | Revised edition of the author’s Social problems, 2013.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315169521-7.

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Bonds, Eric. "Racism and the Human Right to Be Treated Equally Before the Law." In Social Problems, 40–51. 2nd ed. Second Edition. |New York City : Routledge Books, 2021. |Series: Framing 21st century social issues | Revised edition of the author’s Social problems, 2013.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315169521-4.

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Bonds, Eric. "Violations of Women’s and LGBTQ Rights in U.S. Society." In Social Problems, 52–63. 2nd ed. Second Edition. |New York City : Routledge Books, 2021. |Series: Framing 21st century social issues | Revised edition of the author’s Social problems, 2013.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315169521-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Notions of social problems"

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Arrighi, Emmanuel, Henning Fernau, Daniel Lokshtanov, Mateus de Oliveira Oliveira, and Petra Wolf. "Diversity in Kemeny Rank Aggregation: A Parameterized Approach." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/2.

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In its most traditional setting, the main concern of optimization theory is the search for optimal solutions for instances of a given computational problem. A recent trend of research in artificial intelligence, called solution diversity, has focused on the development of notions of optimality that may be more appropriate in settings where subjectivity is essential. The idea is that instead of aiming at the development of algorithms that output a single optimal solution, the goal is to investigate algorithms that output a small set of sufficiently good solutions that are sufficiently diverse from one another. In this way, the user has the opportunity to choose the solution that is most appropriate to the context at hand. It also displays the richness of the solution space. When combined with techniques from parameterized complexity theory, the paradigm of diversity of solutions offers a powerful algorithmic framework to address problems of practical relevance. In this work, we investigate the impact of this combination in the field of Kemeny Rank Aggregation, a well-studied class of problems lying in the intersection of order theory and social choice theory and also in the field of order theory itself. In particular, we show that KRA is fixed-parameter tractable with respect to natural parameters providing natural formalizations of the notions of diversity and of the notion of a sufficiently good solution. Our main results work both when considering the traditional setting of aggregation over linearly ordered votes, and in the more general setting where votes are partially ordered.
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Altınok, Serdar, Emine Fırat, and Esra Soyu. "A New Approach to Sustainable Development Solution for Global Climate Change Problem." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01393.

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Globalization notion is encountered not only economically, but also politically, culturally, technologically and ecologically. Environmental problems seen national at first glance can cause regional and subsequently global problems. Climate changes create regional, social and economic problems in terms of effects thereof. Many factors such as continuation of rapid population growth, proliferation of water problems, increase of global warming and irrevocable habits of countries can lead to world pollution and impairment of environment. Industrialization, population growth and excessive consumption tendency on the one hand and need for balanced use of natural sources such that energy can meet needs of future generations on the other hand has rendered “environment” and “development” subjects substitute for each other. While increase of welfare and happiness of people are aimed with economic development, socio-economical costs caused by global climate change threaten this welfare cycle. A variety of sources extinct due to global warming and some of them cannot be effectively used in a desirable level. This situation prevents economic productivity. Global climate change problem should be reevaluated with not only conventional sustainable development approach but also in a global plane containing new political ecology notions such as “environmental justice” and “climate justice”. For this purpose, each of us has a role to play and also, novel law and policies are required that will lead global-scale solutions. In this study, relationship between global climate change and sustainable development approach will be handled within the scope of a new tendency.
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Anshelevich, Elliot, Aris Filos-Ratsikas, Nisarg Shah, and Alexandros A. Voudouris. "Distortion in Social Choice Problems: The First 15 Years and Beyond." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/589.

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The notion of distortion in social choice problems has been defined to measure the loss in efficiency---typically measured by the utilitarian social welfare, the sum of utilities of the participating agents---due to having access only to limited information about the preferences of the agents. We survey the most significant results of the literature on distortion from the past 15 years, and highlight important open problems and the most promising avenues of ongoing and future work.
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Garg, Jugal, and Peter McGlaughlin. "Improving Nash Social Welfare Approximations." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/42.

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We consider the problem of fairly allocating a set of indivisible goods among n agents. Various fairness notions have been proposed within the rapidly growing field of fair division, but the Nash social welfare (NSW) serves as a focal point. In part, this follows from the 'unreasonable' fairness guarantees provided, in the sense that a max NSW allocation meets multiple other fairness metrics simultaneously, all while satisfying a standard economic concept of efficiency, Pareto optimality. However, existing approximation algorithms fail to satisfy all of the remarkable fairness guarantees offered by a max NSW allocation, instead targeting only the specific NSW objective. We address this issue by presenting a 2 max NSW, Prop-1, 1/(2n) MMS, and Pareto optimal allocation in strongly polynomial time. Our techniques are based on a market interpretation of a fractional max NSW allocation. We present novel definitions of fairness concepts in terms of market prices, and design a new scheme to round a market equilibrium into an integral allocation that provides most of the fairness properties of an integral max NSW allocation.
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Farina, Gabriele, John P. Dickerson, and Tuomas Sandholm. "Operation Frames and Clubs in Kidney Exchange." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/29.

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A kidney exchange is a centrally-administered barter market where patients swap their willing yet incompatible donors. Modern kidney exchanges use 2-cycles, 3-cycles, and chains initiated by non-directed donors (altruists who are willing to give a kidney to anyone) as the means for swapping. We propose significant generalizations to kidney exchange. We allow more than one donor to donate in exchange for their desired patient receiving a kidney. We also allow for the possibility of a donor willing to donate if any of a number of patients receive kidneys. Furthermore, we combine these notions and generalize them. The generalization is to exchange among organ clubs, where a club is willing to donate organs outside the club if and only if the club receives organs from outside the club according to given specifications. We prove that unlike in the standard model, the uncapped clearing problem is NP-complete. We also present the notion of operation frames that can be used to sequence the operations across batches, and present integer programming formulations for the market clearing problems for these new types of organ exchanges. Experiments show that in the single-donation setting, operation frames improve planning by 34% - 51%. Allowing up to two donors to donate in exchange for one kidney donated to their designated patient yields a further increase in social welfare.
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Halpern, Daniel, and Nisarg Shah. "Fair and Efficient Resource Allocation with Partial Information." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/32.

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We study the fundamental problem of allocating indivisible goods to agents with additive preferences. We consider eliciting from each agent only a ranking of her k most preferred goods instead of her full cardinal valuations. We characterize the amount of preference information that must be elicited in order to satisfy envy-freeness up to one good and approximate maximin share guarantee, two widely studied fairness notions. We also analyze the multiplicative loss in social welfare incurred due to the lack of full information with and without fairness requirements.
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Chen, Jiehua, Sanjukta Roy, and Manuel Sorge. "Fractional Matchings under Preferences: Stability and Optimality." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/13.

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We study generalizations of stable matching in which agents may be matched fractionally; this models time-sharing assignments. We focus on the so-called ordinal stability and cardinal stability, and investigate the computational complexity of finding an ordinally stable or cardinally stable fractional matching which either maximizes the social welfare (i.e., the overall utilities of the agents) or the number of fully matched agents (i.e., agents whose matching values sum up to one). We complete the complexity classification of both optimization problems for both ordinal stability and cardinal stability, distinguishing between the marriage (bipartite) and roommates (non-bipartite) cases and the presence or absence of ties in the preferences. In particular, we prove a surprising result that finding a cardinally stable fractional matching with maximum social welfare is NP-hard even for the marriage case without ties. This answers an open question and exemplifies a rare variant of stable marriage that remains hard for preferences without ties. We also complete the picture of the relations of the stability notions and derive structural properties.
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Pagallo, Ugo. "From Automation to Autonomous Systems: A Legal Phenomenology with Problems of Accountability." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/3.

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Over the past decades a considerable amount of work has been devoted to the notion of autonomy and the intelligence of robots and of AI systems: depending on the application, several standards on the “levels of automation” have been proposed. Although current AI systems may have the intelligence of a fridge, or of a toaster, some of such autonomous systems have already challenged basic pillars of society and the law, e.g. whether lethal force should ever be permitted to be “fully automated.” The aim of this paper is to show that the normative challenges of AI entail different types of accountability that go hand-in-hand with choices of technological dependence, delegation of cognitive tasks, and trust. The stronger the social cohesion is, the higher the risks that can be socially accepted through the normative assessment of the not fully predictable consequences of tasks and decisions entrusted to AI systems and artificial agents.
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Guseynov, Aleksandr, and Viktoriya Shipovskaya. "Development of scientific images about radicalization of protest activity of personality." In Safety psychology and psychological safety: problems of interaction between theorists and practitioners. «Publishing company «World of science», LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15862/53mnnpk20-02.

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The analysis of theories and models of radicalization existing in psychology and sociology is given. The complexity and transitivity of the world, the emerging methodological trends in psychology, the change of postmodern discourse to metamodernism require new psychological approaches to a research of this phenomenon, which can take into account the role of cultural factors and anthropological turn, as well as space and time as ontological constants of reality. Theoretical: theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific literature, comparison, generalization, interpretation. The paper summarizes a number of empirical studies of the authors related to the problems of extremism. The goal is to consider the evolution of ideas about the radicalization of protest activity and substantiate the high relevance of the subject-being approach to explain the problem of extremism. The authors distinguish six main theories and models that reveal the nature of radicalization: the theory of anomy (R. Merton), the theory of "relative deprivation" (T. Garr), the concept of an authoritarian personality (A. Adorno), a model of social identity in collective activity (M. Van Zomeren ), the model of radicalization (R. Borum), the model of radicalization (F. Mohaddam). The authors note the demand for a metamodern methodological strategy, which makes it possible to record personal transformations and construct new images of a person. The authors come to the conclusion that the substantive differences in approaches lie in the influence quantity of external determinants causing the emergence of radical attitudes. In the development of the theme of extremism, the main ones are the principle of the unity of the personality and its being, the methodological principle of subjectivity and the principle of uncertainty, which reveal additional nuances of the phenomenon that increases cognitive capabilities. The conditions of the subject-being approach are considered and the concept of protest activity is presented, based on the notions of "existential personal identity", "subjective activity", "subjectivity", revealing the reasons for negative transformation of personality, considering extremism as a violation of the developing configuration of identity. The subject-being approach to the personality is recognized as the most efficient theoretical and methodological basis for researching this problem, since it allows us to overcome the deficiency of the content given by the deterministic interpretation of radicalization.
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Zlotnikova, Tatyana. "Power in Russia: Modus Vivendi and Artis Imago." In Russian Man and Power in the Context of Dramatic Changes in Today’s World, the 21st Russian scientific-practical conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 12–13, 2019). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-rmp-2019-pc02.

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Contemporary Russian socio-cultural, cultural and philosophical, socio psychological, artistic and aesthetic practices actualize the Russian tradition of rejection, criticism, undisguised hatred and fear of power. Today, however, power has ceased to be a subject of one-dimensional denial or condemnation, becoming the subject of an interdisciplinary scientific discourse that integrates cultural studies, philosophy, social psychology, semiotics, art criticism and history (history of culture). The article provides theoretical substantiation and empirical support for the two facets of notions of power. The first facet is the unique, not only political, but also mental determinant of the problem of power in Russia, a kind of reflection of modus vivendi. The second facet is the artistic and image-based determinant of problem of power in Russia designated as artis imago. Theoretical grounds for solving these problems are found in F. Nietzsche’s perceptions of the binary “potentate-mass” opposition, G. Le Bon’s of the “leader”, K.-G. Jung’s of mechanisms of human motivation for power. The paper dwells on the “semiosis of power” in the focus of thoughts by A. F. Losev, P. A. Sorokin, R. Barthes. Based on S. Freud’s views of the unconscious and G. V. Plekhanov’s and J. Maritain’s views of the totalitarian power, we substantiate the concept of “the imperial unconscious”. The paper focuses on the importance of the freedom motif in art (D. Diderot and V. G. Belinsky as theorists, S. Y. Yursky as an art practitioner). Power as a subject of influence and object of analysis by Russian creators is studied on the material of perceptions and creative experience of A. S. Pushkin (in the context of works devoted to Russian “impostors” by numerous authors). Special attention is paid to the early twenty-first century television series on Soviet rulers (Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Furtseva). The conclusion is made on the relevance of Pushkin’s remark about “living power” “hated by the rabble” for contemporary Russia.
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Reports on the topic "Notions of social problems"

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Hoinkes, Ulrich. Indexicality and Enregisterment as Theoretical Approaches to the Sociolinguistic Analysis of Romance Languages. Universitatsbibliothek Kiel, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21941/hoinkesindexenregromlang.

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Social indexicality and enregisterment are basic notions of a theoretical model elaborated in the United States, the aim of which is to describe the relationship between the use of language variation and patterns of social behavior at the level of formal classification. This analytical approach is characterized by focusing on the interrelation of social performance and language awareness. In my contribution, I want to show how this modern methodology can give new impetus to the study of today’s problem areas in Europe, such as migration and language or urban life and language use. In particular, I am interested in the case of Catalan, which has been studied for some time by proponents of the North American enregisterment theory. This leads me to indicate that explicit forms of social conduct, such as language shift or the emblematic use of linguistic forms, can be interpreted with regard to the social indexicality of Catalan. I thus analyze them in a way which shows that authenticity and integration in Catalan society can be achieved to a considerable extent by practicing forms of linguistic enregisterment.
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Gokhale, Jagadeesh, and Kent Smetters. Measuring Social Security's Financial Problems. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11060.

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Davey, Lynn. Changing the public conversation about social problems. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.50.

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Battaglini, Marco. Chaos and Unpredictability in Dynamic Social Problems. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28347.

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Ille, Marjorie. Social problems and collaborative planning: toward a theory and model of social planning. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1685.

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Kuznetsova, Y. A. Social enterprise site as a tool for disseminating successful experience in solving social problems. Institute of Social and Economic Research Publishing House Ufa Federal Research Center RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/kuznetcova-socialnoe-predpriyatie-2018.

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Butova, Ekaterina Sergeevna, and Lyudmila Mahailovna Dem’yanova. PROBLEMS OF SOCIAL ADAPTATION OF ATHLETES AFTER CAREER ENDING. НАУКА БЕЗ ГРАНИЦ, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/ngb-007.

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Razin, Assaf, and Efraim Sadka. Resisting Migration: The Problems of Wage Rigidity and the Social Burden. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4903.

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TUMENOVA, S. A., and G. D. BAZIEVA. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF CONSERVATION AND USE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE. "Известия Кабардино-Балкарского научного центра РАН", 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/2018815562.

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Gurova, O. N. Territories of Rapid Social and Economic Development: History of Success and Functional Problems (from the Experience of the Far East). ZO RGO notes, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/2304-7356-2019-136-115-121.

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