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Saeed, Sheba. "Regulation of begging in Mumbai : a critique of religious and secular laws and notions of power." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4425/.
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Begging is a complex, ambivalent phenomenon. People are often divided on their views on begging creating a dichotomy of standpoints; those who emphasise with the issue and those who are critical of it. The phenomenon cannot be understoon in a binary fashion. Both the written thesis and the audio-visual component move from a stance where begging is associated with being a socio-cultural issue to one that is actually much more complex and very political in nature. In doing so, it critiques the regulation of begging in Mumbai using religious codes of practice and secular law as well as analysing notions of power. There are two components to the thesis comprising a written element and an audio-visual documentary, which can stand independent of each other but are also linked as much of the dialogue that is a part of the documentary is discussed in depth in the written thesis and vice versa. The aim of the written critique is to support and amplify the audio-visual presentation.
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Jonasson, Ingrid. "Hur gick det sen? : Om tidigare bidragsmottagare ur ett livsloppsperspektiv." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-48673.
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The aim of this dissertation is to shed light on how life can turn out for individuals with long term social assistance and afterwards when it has ceased. The primary objective of the dissertation is to study the changes that have occurred during the life course and the impact of those changes on the life course at large. A key question of this dissertation is the development of selfsufficiency and work-life patterns in a longitudinal perspective. The dissertation consists of a longitudinal study based on qualitative interviews with an interval of 20 years. The empirical data is composed of interviews with 11 recipients of social assistance – seven of which have been interviewed again in 2008/2009. A life course perspective is employed in the data analysis as a comprehensive approach and analytical tool. Other analytical approaches are related to the impact of the welfare state on the life course and to the term marginality. The situation of the interviewed group regarding self-sufficiency, employment and social conditions is viewed from a one-year perspective, a 20- year perspective and a life course perspective. The different time perspectives generated widely diverse pictures and nowledge. Not everyone worked at the point of the last interview but all were in a better social and economical position. No one remained on social assistance. One conclusion is that the notion of social problems being reinforced and exacerbated over time is simplistic. Another conclusion is that it appears that social assistance and social services have little importance from a life course perspective. A concluding result is that cross-sectional studies of individuals in a vulnerable situation are of limited value. A brief look at a person’s life does not say much of what the rest of his or her life will look like. Keywords: Life course, long term social assistance, social welfare services, human agency, timing, social integration, notions of social problems, welfare state, marginality.
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Vieira, Domingos. "La solidarité au coeur de l'éthique sociale la notion de solidarité dans l'enseignement social de l'Église catholique /." Paris : Mare & Martin, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40210465q.
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Texte remanié de : Thèse de doctorat : Histoire moderne et contemporaine : Paris 4 : 2005 : La notion de coniunctio et de solidarietas dans l'enseignement social de l'Église catholique au XIXème et XXème siècle.En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 373-407. Liste de sites Internet p. 407-408.
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Lin, Tianyu. "Some Stationary and Evolution Problems Governed by Various Notions of Monotone Operators." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32783.
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The purpose of this work is to explore some notions of monotonicity for operators between Banach spaces and the applications to the study of boundary value problems (BVPs) and initial boundary value problems (IBVPs) for partial differential equations (PDEs), with the possibility in the end to examine new problems and provide some solutions. Variational approach will be used to reformulate these problems into stationary equations (in the case of BVPs) and evolution equations (in the case of IBVPs), where the underlined operators constructed as realizations of those problems in appropriate function spaces. This is known as weak formulation, which allows us to find weak solutions of the problems in a larger functions space rather than classical solutions that are sufficiently smooth. The theory of monotone and pseudomonotone operators will be applied to find existence theorems for stationary equations and evolution equations. In addition, the existence theorem for evolution equations with locally monotone operator will also be presented as a generalisation of the one with monotone operators. Another type of monotonicity so-called strict p-quasimonotonicity, which is defined in term of Young measures. This type of weaker, integrated version of monotonicity is directly applied in the study of elliptic and parabolic system of PDEs, the difficulty arises from dealing with this monotonicity is overcome by the theory of Young measures. The application of these monotonicity in the study of variational inequality will also be discussed. In particular, there is a new setting for strict p-quasimonotonicity in a particular type of elliptic variational inequalities, the proof of the new existence theorem will also be presented. Some open problems on the application of strict p-quasimonotonicity in the study of parabolic variational inequalities will also be discussed. Finally, we mention the theory of monotone and pseudomonotone operators in the study of second order evolution equations. A new setting of the local monotonicity in the second order evolution equations will be presented as well as the new existence theorem.
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Kleinrichert, Denise. "Responsibility and practice in notions of corporate social responsibility." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001893.
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Voorhees, Jeremy 1978. "Play and tolerance : notions of looseness in social and material assemblages." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27031.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2004.Includes bibliographical references.
The material scenario provides the most illustrative of entry points into this collection of evidence embodying the difference between play and tolerance. In a material assemblage, the looseness in a joint (expansion, pin, etc.) allows the assemblage to respond to dynamic loads such as wind and heat. Without this play, the construction becomes brittle, unable to flex under the concrete conditions of its situation. The looseness in this sense is productive. Tolerance, in the manufacturing of components, begins with a diagram (engineering specifications) and the looseness in its production, the difference between the diagram and actual, is derogatory. This thesis uses play and tolerance as points of departure and return, organizing a collection of evidence that frames technology, aesthetics, social organizations, systems of control and analysis as a way to illustrate and dramatize the effects of these different attitudes towards looseness, attempting to find places for play in the city in hopes of identifying potential for an urbanity outside the paradigm of compliance.
by Jeremy Voorhees.
S.M.
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Spiro, Emma S. "Searching for community online: how virtual spaces affect student notions of community." Pomona College, 2007. http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/u?/stc,15.
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Social networking sites and virtual spaces have flourished in the past few years. The author explores the impact of such social networking services on the local community at a small liberal arts college. The author investigates modern trends in community theory. Defining community has become more difficult in modern society, where community is no longer easily distinguished by geographical boundaries. From the background of modern community theory the author explores the designation of virtual spaces as “virtual communities.” Literature and research about virtual spaces indicates that they can provide many of the values thought be to inherent to community membership. The strong localized community on campus makes students hesitant in calling Facebook a “virtual community,” despite its strong integration with the face-to-face community itself. Facebook is seen as simply a tool. This thesis incorporates research on one specific case study: through mathematical and ethnographic research of Facebook.com, the author evaluates the opinions of students in considering virtual spaces as communities.
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Alm, Björn. "The un/selfish leader : Changing notions in a Tamil Nadu village." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Anthropology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-948.
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'The un/selfish' leader explores notions of selfishness, as they were perceived by people in the village of Ekkaraiyur, Tamil Nadu, India, at a time they associated with thorough changes in their lives.
Discussing locally held notions about agrarian change, seen as causing the erosion of earlier village loyalties and leading to the emergence of a new type of leaders, the study focus on the censure of the alleged corruption of these leaders. Expressed in a rich repertoire of stories about the ideals of leadership and about the excellence of the past and foreign societies, the censure was routinely voiced in public debates and in everyday conversations.
Set against a background an increasing role of the state for the people in Ekkaraiyur, the censure of leaders implied a critique of the contemporary society they were taken to represent. Moreover, the study argues that the critique was grounded in evaluations of individualism and selfishness in human nature.
The study is based on fieldwork carried out in Ekkaraiyur between 1988 and 1990
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Carrillo, Cabrera Ulises. "Ethnic fragmentation and social expenditure : notions of social solidarity and membership and the challenges of ethnic diversity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:57f7e643-e4ae-4e3f-82e0-26a24255db4a.
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Does ethnic fragmentation negatively affect social expenditure? In this thesis, I examine why this research question, only partially tackled by the political economy literature, is also central for the social policy field. Using a sample of 156 countries, and controlling for variables that social policy theory postulate as essential to explain welfare provision, I offer evidence that higher levels of ethnic fragmentation lead to lower levels of social expenditure. On that basis, I present a theoretical framework that explores how this relationship can be explained. Ethnic fragmentation is presented as a variable that complicates the development of social solidarity and the notions of shared identity, and shifts social mobilisation from issues of economic redistribution towards ethno-cultural recognition. I also conduct a second series of statistical analysis that show that there is evidence to support the previous propositions. Additionally, using a different confirmatory test, I explore the correspondence between the levels of de-commodification that 18 welfare states provide, and the principles of blood descent (jus sanguinis) or civic ties (jus solis) that their respective national laws favour. The findings show that the welfare regimes with the most de-commodifying provision tend to favour ethno-cultural principles. Finally, I emphasize that the probable effects of ethnic fragmentation in an increasingly multicultural world, with its tendencies to put social integration and differentiation issues back on the agenda, are not a prediction of erosion of the welfare state, but an important element to take into account in the creation and robustness of shared identities and notions of common belonging when designing social policy.
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Littaye, Alexandra. "Finding time in the geographies of food : how heritage food discourses shape notions of place." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:259a4358-2b71-4d55-940d-9e7664f2d95d.
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This thesis presents a multi-sited and multi-scalar ethnography of the processes and practices through which producers attempt to designate food as heritage. Grounded in cultural geography, it adopts a cultural economy approach to addressing concerns within agro-food studies by joining in conversation notions of heritage, place-making and time. By underlining the intrinsic relation between articulations of time and constructions of place, this thesis further maps the alternative geographies of food. It engages with three overarching questions, drawing on research conducted within two heritage-based food initiatives in Mexico and Scotland, both linked to the Slow Food movement. These produce, respectively, a traditional sweet called pinole and 'real' bread. The thesis asks: what objectives are pursued through the heritagisation of food whereby various actors strategically coin foods as heritage? How is time articulated in the discourse of heritage food, and how do heritage food networks and producers understand time as a component of food quality? Finally, what senses of place emerge from the various uses of time as a quality in global, translocal and local heritage food discourses? This thesis explores Slow Food's heritage qualification scheme and the ensuing commodification of heritage food, as well as translocal networks, and practices of 'slow' production. Through empirical engagements it argues that the qualification of heritage foods is multifunctional and that various articulations of time enable small-scale producers to engage with a plethora of socio-economic and political issues. Numerous and at times conflicting constructions of place surface from the discourses woven around these two heritage products and problematise identity formation and narratives of the past linked to producers and communities. This thesis concludes that the constructions of place associated with heritage foods depend not only upon the authority and circumstances of actors articulating a heritage discourse, but also on the scale of the dissemination of that discourse, and on the notions and understandings of time associated with heritage and place.
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Sattar, Fatima. "Rights, Responsibilities, and Resettlement: The Competing Notions of Refugee Belonging in a U.S. Welfare Program." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106882.
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Thesis advisor: Shawn McGuffeyHistorically, the U.S. has been among the top nation-states of global refugee resettlement, and it continues to be, despite recent domestic political rhetoric against this policy. The U.S. welfare state provides resources to contracted nonprofit immigrant-serving organizations to carry out the U.S. resettlement policy. However, scholars under-examine front-line welfare policy practices with refugees. This area is critical to examine in this historical moment, because scholars argue the rise of neoliberalism has negatively affected the nonprofit human service sector’s capacity to provide social rights to the most vulnerable (Hasenfeld and Garrow 2012). Drawing on participant-observation at a northeastern resettlement organization and 50 semi-structured interviews with front-line bureaucrats and refugees between 2010-2015, I examine how bureaucrats perceive and shape refugees’ initial processes of resettling in the U.S., and how refugees also view this experience. My dissertation found competing restrictive and inclusionary perceptions of and practices with Iraqi, Darfurian, and Bhutanese refugees, which calls into question how, and why, welfare subjects with legal refugee status, are perceived distinctly by their social locations in the shrinking and stigmatized U.S. welfare context. Additionally, my dissertation illuminates how refugees evaluate their resettlement experiences and belonging in the U.S. I present my research in three articles: My first article, Rights and Responsibilities: Bureaucrats’ Competing Frames about U.S. Resettlement Objectives for Refugees, examines the salient frames that bureaucrats used to describe the objectives of U.S. resettlement for refugees. I found two competing frameworks informed their perceptions: market citizenship responsibilities and human rights. By this, I mean local level bureaucrats discussed their role to provide services either geared at making refugees responsible on a path to self-sufficiency, or to provide them with human rights. While I found the responsibilities frame was more dominant, contrary to past findings (Clevenger et al. 2014; Nawyn 2007), frame usage differed depending on one’s professional status and level of experience. Experienced (paid) bureaucrats tended to emphasize the responsibilities frame as most important for assisting refugees with becoming self-sufficient in American society. In contrast, less experienced, temporary (unpaid) bureaucrats generally emphasized the rights frame as most important to assist refugees with gaining membership in the U.S. These insights expand recent immigrant welfare scholarship by illuminating how different local level bureaucratic roles, in contrast to organizational (Nawyn 2010) or city level differences (Clevenger et al. 2014), correlate with distinct frames about refugees. Finally, I discuss how frame usage informs competing notions of the street-level politics of refugee belonging in American society. My second article, Refugees Will Be Poor! Managing Diverging Mobility Transitions to the American Welfare Class, explores how local level bureaucrats evaluate Iraqi and Bhutanese refugees’ “deservingness” of resettlement benefits in the U.S., based on their compliance with self-sufficiency resettlement goals. I argue that bureaucrats divide refugees into “deserving” and “undeserving” poor categories using ethnic and social class distinctions. Specifically, I examined how bureaucrats made decisions to discipline refugees to adhere to a self-sufficiency path. Consequently, these decisions revealed their distinct perceptions of refugee deservingness. Contrary to past scholarship that found race as most salient in informing welfare disciplinary practices and notions of deservingness (Schram 2005; Soss, Fording and Schram 2008), I found bureaucrats used refugees’ ethnicity as a marker for class origins to make decisions to discipline them. They identified Iraqis as having professional class origins; thus, they experienced “unwanted” downward mobility in the U.S. welfare class. In contrast, they viewed Bhutanese as having low class origins; thus, they experienced “desired” upward mobility in the same welfare class. As a result, bureaucrats thought more discipline was needed with Iraqis, compared to the Bhutanese because of their distinct behavioral reactions to their respective mobility shifts. Thus, bureaucrats marked Iraqis as “undeserving” and Bhutanese as “deserving” in their processes of resettling in the U.S. My third article, Waiting for Mobility: Refugee Incorporation as a Process of Temporal Belonging, examines Iraqi and Darfurian refugees’ sense of belonging, on their path toward social mobility in the U.S. I found Iraqis perceived waiting as a lasting obstacle on a generally blocked mobility path; consequently, they felt a sense of enduring social insecurity and a lack of belonging. In contrast, Darfurians perceived waiting as a temporary obstacle to achievable mobility; thus, they felt a sense of belonging, despite feeling a temporary state of social insecurity. Refugees who reconstructed a generally secure past professional class origin (Iraqis), compared to their insecure U.S. class location, expressed more frustration about waiting for mobility. In contrast, refugees who reconstructed a more politically and economically insecure past origin (Darfurians), compared to their secure conditions in the U.S., expressed positive hope for mobility. Bridging welfare theories of waiting (Auyero 2011; Reid 2013) with theories of belonging (Nawyn 2011; Yuval-Davis 2006), I build an immigrant incorporation process theory of temporal belonging to illuminate how refugees’ perceptions of waiting for mobility inform their feelings of belonging in the U.S
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
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Lear, Jonathan. "Intersex : Problems of theory become problems in practice." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9061.
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This paper discusses the medical treatment of intersex infants: children born with ambiguous genitalia, chromosomes, or hormones. The central thesis is that unnecessary surgery, defined as surgery that is not necessary to preserve the life or physical health of the infant, is unethical when performed on infants and should be postponed until the patient is able to participate in, and contribute to, the decision. Three lines of argument are presented: One based on the lack of clinical evidence supporting unnecessary surgery; one based on how unnecessary surgery limits the child’s future choices; and one based on how problematic notions of gender have resulted in problems in practice. Together and separately, the three arguments lead to the conclusion that performing unnecessary surgery on intersex infants is unethical, and wherever possible surgery should be delayed until the patient can participate in the decision.
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Kunvar, Yogita. "Reconceptualising notions of South African Indianess : a personal narrative." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017767.
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The theoretical challenge of conceptualising South African Indianess is suffused with a plethora of variables that suggest complexity. While being misleadingly homogenous, Indian identity encompasses a multitude of expressions. This thesis seeks to reconceptualise notions of South African Indianess through personal narrative. The research context is contemporary South Africa with a specific focus on Johannesburg’s East Rand Reef. Inspired by the dearth of literature on contemporary Indianess this study addresses the gap in the present discourse. Following the autoethnographic work of Motzafi-Haller (1997) and Narayan (1993) the thesis presents a layered narrative by juxtaposing the experiences of research participants with my own. Using multi-sited autoethnographic data the thesis explores the question of what it means to be Indian in relation to South Africa’s Apartheid past. By drawing on concepts in popular diaspora theory and critiquing their application, the thesis illustrates the inadequacies inherent in the definitions of diaspora and suggests a broader understanding of its application. Through exploring layers of Indianess the thesis illustrates the inherent complexity in reconceptualising South African Indianess. The study suggests that as a result of changing global and local flows, South African Indians are reconceptualising what it means to be South African Indian.
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Clergeot, Jacques. "Le Saint-Siège et la notion d'ingérence humanitaire." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040168.
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Une nouvelle expression, liée à la pratique de l'assistance humanitaire, est née en France à la fin du vingtième siècle. Il s'agit du "droit-devoir d'ingérence humanitaire". Cette formulation a fait l'objet d'un large débat au début des années quatre-vingt-dix, notamment sous l'impulsion de MM. Mario Bettati et Bernard Kouchner. Plus qu'une expression le droit-devoir d'ingérence humanitaire est une pratique. Elle a été déclarée obligatoire par le pape Jean-Paul II le 5 avril 1992. Il lui reconnut ses acceptions éthiques et juridiques. Notre travail est à la fois historique et théologique. Il est historique car il nous a fallu chercher l'origine de cette expression et en préciser les implications pratiques. L'ingérence humanitaire a connu des variations dans le concept surtout lorsque son application par des militaires l'a rendue plus ambiguë encore. Il est théologique parce que la reconnaissance de cette notion par le Saint-Siège s'enracine dans un discours plus ancien exprime dans la doctrine sociale de l'Église. Notre thèse consiste à montrer que la reprise par le Saint-Siège de l'expression "droit-devoir d'ingérence humanitaire" s'origine dans une réflexion théologale qui se fonde sur l'action de salut du Christ dans le monde, selon la foi de l'église catholique.
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Biesman-Simons, Bria. "It's In the Bag: Balancing Notions of Need, Superficiality, and Preparedness by Carrying Objects." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/233.
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We carry objects from place to place in bags, all the while maintaining that they are trivial objects. If we categorize objects as mundane, then why do we carry them everywhere we go? I interviewed female students at the Claremont Colleges about what they carry in their bags. College women articulate many distinct reasons for carrying a bag and for carrying the items within that bag. My participants perceive the items they carry as mundane, and do not question the presence of those items in their lives. Yet they also claim to need the items they categorize as trivial. They perceive the need to carry items as natural, and so do not question that need. My project demonstrates the ways college women make objects seem trivial and make needs seem natural. Through ethnographic interviews, I highlight how things perceived as mundane have significance. Additionally, I show that carrying a bag and carrying objects enables college women to be prepared to care for the well-being of themselves and the people around them. Between perceptions of objects as inessential and perceptions of the functions of objects as superficial, college women find value in carrying items.
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Rawal, Sonal. "Application of statistical physics to social problems." Thesis, Brunel University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422411.
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Long, Simon Andrew. "Producing beer : agricultural livelihoods and commodities in Serenje District of Zambia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1400/.
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Drawing on data collected in rural Serenje District, in the Central Province of Zambia, this thesis focuses on the production, consumption and valorisation of grain beer, a significant livelihood practice for people. The discussion is contextualised by detailed reference to both the changing national and global politico-economic scene and to local agricultural practices. I argue that an understanding of livelihood practices must take account of both 'micro' and 'macro' level factors, as these form part of the material and conceptual 'resource repertoire' of local people. Focusing on particular case examples, the discussion reveals, for rural Serenje, the multiplex ways in which value is ascribed to beer - a highly significant livelihood resource. The data highlights the socio-symbolic, ritual, and commoditised contexts in which beer is produced and consumed. The analysis of this resource highlights how the relationship between different social arenas of experience, and the socially constructed value of beer are integrated in subtle and complex ways. A central theme of the thesis focuses on issues of value and argues that value notions are multiple social constructions. Resources, then, have many different associations of value. These different kinds of value are, in certain contexts, contested by actors, and it is in contexts of social interaction, negotiation and accommodation that resources are ascribed with value. Furthermore the fixing of value in this way provides contexts in which social identities are asserted and modified. The empirical chapters of the thesis draw attention to the importance of beer and maize in terms of people's income strategies. These livelihood practices remain firmly embedded in social life, however, and therefore concern more than the singular pursuit of cash. Consolidating, establishing, and reaffirming social relations are also a fundamental part of people's 'economic' life and co-operation in securing material and social resources remains vital. Methodologically the thesis synthesises situational analysis and discourse practice paying particular attention to the concepts of practice and agency.
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Françoise, Gaydier. "Simulation informatique d'expérience aléatoire et acquisition de notions de probabilité au lycée." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00826073.
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Les programmes affirment que simuler une expérience aléatoire, c'est simuler sa loi de probabilité : nous montrons que ce n'est pas une nécessité. Nous avons entrepris une analyse a priori de la tâche de simulation d'une expérience aléatoire lorsqu'on ne la fait pas dériver de sa loi de probabilité ; cela nous a amenée à préciser les liens qu'entretiennent une expérience aléatoire, ses modélisations probabilistes et ses simulations. Nous proposons un modèle de ces liens, où intervient une étape de pré-modèlisation, commune aux deux tâches de simulation et de modélisation probabiliste, étape pendant laquelle sont choisies les hypothèses de modélisation. La simulation peut alors se construire à partir d'un cahier des charges qui décrit les différentes actions constituant l'expérience aléatoire et leur enchaînement, pour une imitation au plus près cette expérience. La simulation informatique apparaît alors comme une activité essentiellement de type algorithmique. Nous avons mené une expérimentation auprès de lycéens pour observer quelles techniques ils mettent en œuvre pour simuler une expérience aléatoire, et dans quelle mesure ils utilisent le modèle probabiliste ou des simulations pour résoudre un problème de prise de décision dans une situation où intervient le hasard. Une fois choisies les hypothèses de modélisation, l'imitation au plus près n'utilise pas la théorie des probabilités. Certains problèmes résolus par une exploitation statistique des simulations peuvent donc permettre d'introduire des notions de la théorie des probabilités telles que : risque, intervalle et niveau de confiance, adéquation d'un modèle probabiliste aux données expérimentales.
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Paindorge, Martine. "Contribution à la progressivité des enseignements technologiques : les notions dans l'éducation technologique." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119474.
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La thèse examine le problème de la progressivité des notions dans l'éducation technologique en France et propose un modèle d'étude.L'analyse des programmes du cycle 3 à la classe de seconde permet d'abord d'identifier une cohérence partielle avec la progressivité annoncée dans ces textes, une progressivité implicite puis une progressivité potentielle basée sur les notions de chaîne, coût, entreprise, information, processus, qualité, organisation et produit.
Ensuite, l'analyse d'entretiens réalisés auprès d'enseignants montre que la prise en charge de la progressivité varie selon leur spécialité professionnelle et le niveau d'enseignement.
Enfin, l'analyse de propos d'élèves de quatrième, de traces de leurs activités en classe et en entreprise indique une mobilisation partielle de la notion de qualité. Le rôle prescrit à l'élève (lecteur, concepteur ou réalisateur) et le contexte influent sur l'adoption d'un point de vue client, produit, fournisseur ou entreprise.
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Benoit, Colleen S. "A Woman’s “Natural” Work: Sewing and Notions of Feminine Labor in Northeast Ohio, 1900-1930." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1302280135.
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Law, S. L. "Financial optimization problems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426391.
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The major objective of this thesis is to study optimization problems in finance. Most of the effort is directed towards studying the impact of transaction costs in those problems. In addition, we study dynamic meanvariance asset allocation problems. Stochastic HJB equations, Pontryagin Maximum Principle and perturbation analysis are the major mathematical techniques used. In Chapter 1, we introduce the background literature. Following that, we use the Pontryagin Maximum Principle to tackle the problem of dynamic mean-variance asset allocation and rediscover the doubling strategy. In Chapter 2, we present one of the major results of this thesis. In this chapter, we study a financial optimization problem based on a market model without transaction costs first. Then we study the equivalent problem based on a market model with transaction costs. We find that there is a relationship between these two solutions. Using this relationship, we can obtain the solution of one when we have the solution of another. In Chapter 3, we generalize the results of chapter 2. In Chapter 4, we use Pontryagin Maximum Principle to study the problem limit of the no-transaction region when transaction costs tend to 0. We find that the limit is the no-transaction cost solution.
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Abbas, Faheema. "Teacher preparedness in dealing with learners' social problems." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1935.
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Dissertation (Master of Education( Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008The purpose of the study was to investigate how teachers dealt with learners’ social problems. Another concern of the study was to investigate the extent to which pre-service and in-service teacher-training prepared teachers to deal with learners’ social problems. The research used qualitative methodology. The major advantage of using qualitative research was that it focused on researching teachers in their school setting, to determine how teachers dealt with learners’ social problems. The main instrument used was interviews as it yielded rich in-depth knowledge and allowed me to probe responses and investigate the teachers’ feelings and emotions. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondents. The study population was confined to four public high schools in Cape Town. It was composed of three newly qualified teachers and one experienced teacher. The results reflected that teachers dealt with learners’ social problems by trial and error and there was no evidence of deliberate planning in identifying learners with social problems. The preservice teacher training programmes did not equip teachers with the skills to deal with learners’ social problems. Although teachers received some form of training at schools, the training was not effective in assisting them. The thesis argues that social problems cannot be dealt with solely by the school or the teacher. It is recommended that the Department of Education, the community and the parents, as well as other social service organisations, should jointly create preventive and intervention strategies to assist learners with social problems. Such a holistic approach, the study asserts, could assist schools and teachers to deal with learners’ social problems more effectively. Teachers should receive pre-service training to deal with learners’ social problems, for example, by adding a module such as Sociology of Education. The teachertraining programmes and continuous in-service training programmes should ensure that teachers are exposed to current Departmental policies and documents that can assist them in dealing with learners’ social problems.
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Bridoux, Stéphanie. "Enseignement des premières notions de topologie à l'université - Une étude de cas." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660249.
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Notre travail de thèse trouve son origine dans un constat d'échec ressenti durant plusieurs années concernant un enseignement de topologie dans lequel nous prenons une part active, en première année d'université. Nous nous sommes donc donnée comme objectif de développer des pistes d'enrichissement, voire de modifications, de cet enseignement pouvant mener aux acquisitions visées tout en s'inscrivant dans les contraintes institutionnelles qui le délimitent strictement. À partir d'une étude épistémologique de la genèse et du développement de plusieurs notions de topologie, nous avons pu caractériser leurs aspects formalisateur, unificateur et généralisateur. Cette étude, complétée par une analyse comparative de quelques manuels, a contribué à l'élaboration d'un scénario d'enseignement intégrant un certain nombre de leviers didactiques susceptibles de favoriser les apprentissages en topologie des étudiants, en tenant compte toutefois des contraintes déjà signalées. En nous plaçant dans le cadre théorique de la théorie de l'activité spécifiée aux mathématiques, nous avons explicité la description de notre scénario en termes de tâches et d'activités attendues chez les étudiants, avant de l'expérimenter dans notre classe. Les analyses des déroulements en classe associées à celles des productions des étudiants aux différentes évaluations ont permis d'approcher les apprentissages en topologie effectivement réalisés par les étudiants, en relation avec la nature des tâches. Une diminution significative des échecs dans les tâches de manipulation des définitions a été observée. Cependant, il manque aux étudiants une certaine disponibilité des notions de topologie dans les tâches plus complexes que nous avons pu associer à notre scénario. Cette recherche met en évidence l'apport des analyses didactiques menées en amont de l'enseignement dans un travail de type ingénierie pour mieux appréhender ce que leur enseignement doit apporter aux étudiants. Elle pointe également toute l'importance de l'inscription des contraintes institutionnelles dans l'élaboration et l'expérimentation d'un scénario d'enseignement. C'est en mettant en relation ces deux dimensions et les progrès réels mais limités des étudiants que nous avons été en mesure d'apprécier la portée du scénario et d'envisager des alternatives mettant cette fois en cause le curriculum.
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Surtees, Andrew D. R. "Sleep problems in children with developmental disorders." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6958/.
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This thesis comprises two volumes. The first chapter of Volume One contains a meta-analysis of studies comparing sleep in people with and without intellectual disabilities. The key finding was that people with intellectual disabilities slept for, on average, 23 minutes less each night and experienced poorer sleep quality. Chapter Two details an empirical study of sleep in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and a parent-identified sleep problem. Actigraphy and diary measures found no differences between the children with ASD and a typically developing comparison group. Questionnaires identified numerous sleep problems that were more commonly reported in the children with ASD. Chapter Three is a lay summary of the previous chapters. Volume Two comprises four Case Practice Reports. Chapter One details the formulation of a 58-year-old man with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, from Cognitive-Behavioural (CBT) and Systemic perspectives. Chapter Two is a service evaluation of a group intervention for people with Long Term Conditions. Chapter Three is a Single Case Experimental Design to evaluate the effectiveness of a CBT intervention for sleep and mood problems in a 14-year-old girl. Chapter Four is a case study of a behavioural intervention for challenging behaviour with a 26-year-old man with a severe intellectual disability.
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Jaskilka, Michael Carl. "How to preach on controversial social issues." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Kitala, Fatuma S. "Family policy in Lithuania : Changes and problems." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-392.
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This study endeavours to make an analysis of the major issues that Lithuanian families are facing. In doing so, it is the purpose of the research to uncover the changes and problems that have taken place in Lithuanian society since the country gained independence from the Soviet Union. The Lithuanian case will be compared with Tanzania and other eastern and western European countries. This helps to identify and understand problems that Lithuanian society and families with dependent children have been experiencing.
The current situation of families in Lithuania is based on traditional model, where men are breadwinners and women are the ones who take care of the households. However, families are undergoing changes whereby, dual model support is taking over, especially to young generation. The two models are functioning in the country but majority of the population prefer traditional model. It is observed that, due to changes and difficulties in life, people have no other way than accepting dual model support.
Families with children are facing problems which hinder them to develop well in life style. Although the family policy in Lithuania provides family benefits to the families which deserve allowances, still children are in danger of lacking proper care and guidance. Families with dependent children have been experiencing poverty at a high rate that the rest of the population. Families with more than three children are more affected than the ones with fewer children.
The analysis of this study has shown how the issue of unemployment affects the raising of children. Many citizens have lost their jobs due to privatisation although on the other hand, privatization has been proved to increase the economy of the studied countries.
This study has also shown that women in Lithuania are more disadvantaged than men. Even if women labour force participation is quite high in Lithuania, still there are many problems. Namely, women in Lithuania have lower wages compared to men; there also few women in the decision making bodies and the parliament. Both Lithuanian and Tanzanian governments have taken measures to encourage women to participate in political arena and labour market. Good relationships within the families have proved to be crucial in good bringing up of the children. The responsibility of bringing up the children is also extended to the relatives.
All in all provision of family benefits is not the only solution but it has to be associated with education to families and community on how to raise children morally, physically and psychologically so that they become responsible adults.
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Needs, A. P. C. "The subjective context of social difficulty." Thesis, University of York, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233294.
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Finlow-Bates, Keir. "Investigating notions of proof : a study of students' proof activities within the context of a fallibilist and social theory." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245071.
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Ross, Natalie Ann. "Informing social objectives in fisheries policy : notions of fisheries 'dependency' and 'community' from Fraserburgh, the Outer Hebrides and Shetland." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3260.
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There is an ongoing argument that the biological priorities of the CFP are not a straightforward solution to the problems facing international fisheries management, and that social objectives need to be incorporated into policy. However, the social arm of fisheries is little understood in a management structure that prioritises scientifically-produced quantitative data over narrative-based evidence concerning the everyday lives of those living and working within the fishing industry. By investigating notions of fisheries ‘dependency’ and ‘community’ - labels that currently pervade fisheries management but that remain poorly understood by decision-makers - with people in coastal fishing communities in Scotland, this research provides important new evidence to inform the social dimensions of fisheries policy. In-depth qualitative data collected through interviews and participant observation in three Scottish case study areas - Fraserburgh, the Outer Hebrides and Shetland - suggest that fisheries ‘dependency’ extends from a family’s income to the importance of fishing identity and heritage, whilst ideas of ‘community’ are complex and multiple. Empathy, created through shared routines of uncertainty and risk, emerges as an important factor in defining and binding people together. So too does the shared experience of living in remote areas, bringing together not only those who work in the fishing industry, but also those in the wider territorial community. The controversies that arise at the interface between the current constitutional set up of fisheries management and the heterogeneous nature of the fishing ‘community’ suggest that understandings of fisheries ‘dependency’ need to take into account the strength of attachment to fishing as a positive identity and the substantial commitment to the sector that people show. Rather than attempting to shift people away from fishing, steps might be taken to support the strong social and business networks linked to the industry, and increase flexibility within fisheries management to accommodate the complexities of the fishing ‘community’.
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Lee, Ching-man, and 李靜雯. "A study on social enterprise in Hong Kong: a solution for social problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46781122.
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Keefler, Joan. "Recording Psychosocial Assessments in Social Work: problems and solutions." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92922.
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Social workers experience theoretical and practical problems with recording. This study examined the problems in the recording of initial psychosocial assessments, and evaluated a teaching procedure designed to improve recording. First, the content of 180 initial recordings from three hospitals and a community agency was compared to existing professional guidelines. Findings indicated that professional guidelines were not enough to ensure that the recommended content is recorded; the recording form, rather than the guidelines or literature, predicted the content recorded by workers; and a professional opinion was included in fewer than half the recordings. Second, a generic model, defining the essential elements for an initial recording, was developed from social work literature and taught to 37 BSW students during a university course in casework. Using a quasi-experimental design, assessments written by these students (before and after teaching) were compared to assessments written by students in matched BSW classes who had been taught only in field placements.La rédaction de l'évaluation psychosociale pose des difficultés théoriques et pratiques aux travailleurs sociaux. La présente étude examine les lacunes des rapports d'évaluation psychosociale initiale et évalue une méthode d'enseignement destinée a les améliorer.. En premier lieu, on a compare le contenu de 180 rapports initiaux provenant de trois hôpitaux et d'un organisme communautaire avec les lignes directrices en vigueur dans la profession, pour constater que celles-ci ne suffisaient pas a assurer la rédaction du contenu recommande. Le formulaire de rapport, plutôt que les normes ou la littérature spécialisée, déterminait le contenu consigne et moins de la moitie des rapports comportaient une opinion professionnelle. En second lieu, on s'est inspire de la littérature spécialisée pour élaborer un modèle générique définissant les éléments essentiels d'un rapport initial, modèle qu'on a enseigne a 37 étudiants dans le cadre d'un cours universitaire en service social individuel. Suivant un protocole quasi expérimental, on a ensuite compare les évaluations rédigées par ces étudiants (avant et âpres la formation) avec les évaluations rédigées par des pairs formes uniquement en stage pratique. fr
The assessments were of two videotaped interviews. During a one-day workshop, the generic model was also taught to 22 experienced social workers, who assessed the same two videotapes. Two evaluation videos were used to control for a possible learning effect; four senior practitioners, with a wide range of experience, blind to time and group, rated which of a pair of recordings was better and by how much; a fifth senior practitioner judged the quality of the professional opinions. Judges were interviewed about their judging experience; a qualitative analysis of their responses revealed that they had no clear criteria in common for assessment quality. All four judges rated assessments written by the students who had been taught the generic model as significantly better than those written by students taught only by field supervisors. After teaching, the students also included more professional opinions in their recording. The quality of professional opinions in all assessments was related to years of experience. The generic model, defining the content of an initial recording, can be used to design forms, teach recording and establish criteria for quality—critical steps in the improvement of recording practice in social work.
Les évaluations portaient sur deux entrevues vidéo. On a également enseigne le modèle générique a 22 travailleurs sociaux d'expérience durant un atelier d'une journée et on leur a demande d'évaluer les mêmes entrevues vidéo. On a utilise deux vidéos d'évaluation pour contrôler l'effet d'apprentissage éventuel. Pour déterminer lesquelles des évaluations préformation ou postformation étaient supérieures et dans quelle mesure, on a demande a quatre professionnels chevronnes d'évaluer 1'ensemble a l'aveugle. Un autre devait juger de la qualité des opinions professionnelles. On a interroge les juges sur l'exercice; l'analyse qualitative de leurs réponses a révèle qu'ils ne partageaient aucun critère de qualité défini en matière d'évaluation. Les quatre juges ont estime que les évaluations rédigées par les étudiants auxquels on avait enseigne le modèle générique étaient considérablement supérieures a celles de leurs pairs formes uniquement en stage pratique. De plus, âpres la formation, elles comportaient un plus grand nombre d'opinions professionnelles. La qualité de ces opinions dans toutes les évaluations était liée aux années d'expérience. Le modèle générique définissant le contenu d'un rapport d'évaluation psychosociale initiale pourra servir a élaborer des formulaires, ...
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Rennell, Beverley. "The social dimension of chronic pain : problems of measurement." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264707.
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Singh, Gurmeet Mohinder Pal. "Social cognitions in children with emotional and behavioural problems." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019078/.
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The existence of emotional and behavioural problems in young children has been extensively documented. Such problems have a substantial impact on children themselves, their families, their schools, and society more generally. A basic tenet of social cognitive psychology is that the way people think in their daily lives about themselves and their social world is linked with the way they behave. Based on this assumption, the main aim of this thesis was to explore whether and how children who show emotional and behavioural problems in the first year of primary school, differ from their nonproblem peers in the way they think about themselves and their relationships with their mothers, teachers and peers. Three studies were carried out. The first two dealt with the development of a standardised procedure for identifying emotional and behavioural problems in children in the first year of primary school. The third study endeavoured to explore social cognitions of the selected children. In the first study, 61 reception class teachers in London (England) evaluated three existing behaviour rating scales by providing assessments for children in their classes. One of these scales was further evaluated for use In India, In a normative study of 488 children. Using this measure, 210 children attending the first year In 26 primary schools were selected. Of these, 115 formed the target group- showing emotional and behavioural problems and the rest were their comparison children- free from reported problems but matched on gender within the same class. The children's social cognitions were examined in individual interviews. The measures used included the Harter Scale, Cassidy's Incomplete Stories With Doll Families and the Puppet Interview. The children in the target group scored significantly lower than the comparison group on all the measures except the Puppet Interview, depicting a less positive view of themselves and their relationships with their mothers, teachers and peers. Follow up analyses indicated that the differences in the two groups were largely due to those children who showed internalising or multiple problems. Children showing predominantly externalising problems did not differ significantly from their comparisons. The findings add to the literature by showing that a meaningful link exists.
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Vissing, Quixada Moore. "I ain't gonna sell my soul: Beat Generation men and women caught between traditional and bohemian notions of intimacy." Thesis, Boston University, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27726.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
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Opare-Henaku, Annabella. "Notions of Spirits as Agents of Mental Illness among the Akan of Ghana: A Cultural-psychological Exploration." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3302.
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The study explores lay conceptualizations of mental illness among the Akans of Ghana as influenced by their cultural worldview. Akan, the largest ethnic group in Ghana, is noted for the use of supernatural attributions for various health-related issues. The supernatural attributions are based on Akan ontological belief that the universe is unitary such that there is no clear distinction between physical and spiritual occurrences. This worldview guides Akans in how they deal with a wide range of issues including their mental health. Clinicians and other mental health professionals who rely solely on biomedical approaches to mental health fail to meet the demands of Akan mental health help-seekers because such approaches do not recognize the cultural factors that inform lay understandings on mental illness. Limited studies have been conducted on how Akan supernatural attributions influence conceptualizations of mental illness. Using a grounded theory method of research, 14 individual interviews and 7 focus group interviews were conducted to explore beliefs and knowledge about mental illness in two indigenous Akan communities in Ghana. Participants were of diverse age, sex, education, and occupational background. Analysis revealed that cultural factors influence lay conceptions, diagnosis, and treatment of mental illness. Local labels for mental illness as well as beliefs about etiology, development, and cure of mental illness were identified. It was found that the Akan unitary worldview aids in the endorsement of heterogeneous multi-tier causal attributions of mental illness that embrace supernatural and non-supernatural causal explanations. Although supernatural causality theories of mental illness existed, participants related a complex causal explanation that involved other non-supernatural causal attributions. Results further revealed that Akan cultural beliefs influence community response to mental illness, encouraging pluralistic help-seeking behaviors that satisfy the Akan cultural value for holistic treatment and care. The implications of the findings for clinical training, culturally-sensitive mental health practice, and mental health education and advocacy have been discussed.
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Winzell, Cherie. "Performance of a lifetime : an exploration of notions of "performance" in lesbian and gay activist and academic rhetoric." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22634.
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In this thesis, I will explore the different notions of performance as a political tool and gender/sexuality as a performative act that forms identity, within lesbian and gay academic and activist rhetoric. I posit that the extensive, and often contradictory, use of "performance" within lesbian and gay discourse serves as a useful entry point to explore existing theoretical precepts of identity formation, and the processes of representation and signification. Through this exploration, effective theoretical and practical techniques can be developed to subvert the dominant discourses of normative (hetero)sexuality that continue to create a "reality" which is physically and psychically harmful to those who do not adhere to these discourses.Lesbian and gay activists have used various performance techniques as political tools to de-stabilize notions of identity and the fixity of the representational process. Some lesbian and gay academics have developed a "queer" theoretical perspective that concurrently binds and privileges fluid concepts of representation, identity formation, and gender/sexuality performativity. In this thesis, I argue that the convergence of performance and performativity within the work of Annie Sprinkle yields an especially clear potential for the disruption of a signification process that consistently demonizes the sexual "Other."
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Brassas, Kristina. "Single mothers. Problems and solutions." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24705.
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This degree project reports on how single mothers talk about their own situation, with the focus on those problems and solutions that they use to meet. The reason for chosen subject was that previous researches and other information origins gave a contradictory picture of the single motherhood: certain meant that single motherhood is an expression for freedom, while others see it in terms of exposure and obstacles. Therefor I performed my own study that should answer three questions: which problems do single mothers face with in their situation, which solutions do they use and what help do they get from the social environment. To come up so close to mothers own interpretations as possible, I chose to investigate an internet discussion forum for the single mothers. Thus, the qualitative content analysis was selected as a research method for my study. Previous researches about single mothers and theories about coping strategies and locus of control, have been implemented in analyses of womens own interpretations that I got from the internet forum. Five main themes that women touch in the discussion platform and that coincide with the themes in previous researches are: economics, work, balance, social network and physical with psychical health. Problems that mothers mention are related to that themes and involve burnout, tiredness, attitude of society, time deficiency, financial troubles and difficulties with work. Result of analyses has shown that mothers own solutions are more than help they use to get from the social environment. This solutions are especially based on their own will-power, planning ability, organizational skills and self-devotion.
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Riek, Christine Leviczky. "The problems with social cost-benefit analysis : economics, ethics and politics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26112.
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This thesis examines the problems with social cost-benefit analysis in three areas -- economics, ethics and politics -- and suggests how these problems might be addressed in government project review processes. Problems in economics are empirical, methodological or theoretical dilemmas that make a social cost-benefit analysis difficult to prepare and interpret. Problems in ethics stem from the value judgments implicit in a social cost-benefit analysis that may be in conflict with the ethical beliefs of some individuals in society. Problems in politics stem from the various powers of individuals in a political process and challenge the relevancy of analysis.
A literature survey, primarily of welfare economics but also of environmental ethics and political theory, is used to determine the various problems with social cost-benefit analysis, while a case study is used to illustrate how these problems are reflected in practice. Similarly, ideas for improvement are drawn from the literature of environmental impact assessment and these ideas are illustrated by applying them to the case study. The problems are discussed according to the stage of analysis at which they occur: problem definition, specification of objectives, selection of alternatives, prediction of consequences, and evaluation of alternatives. The case study is of the social cost-benefit analysis of B.C. Hydro's proposed Site C hydroelectric development and the associated project review process of the B.C. Utilities Commission Act.
Empirical problems in economics range from: defining "wicked problems"; measuring interpersonal utility; defining and measuring consequences; obtaining adequate data; and evaluating or recognizing intangibles. Methodological problems in economics include: predicting consequences; elements of bias in evaluation techniques; the neglect of non-users in evaluation techniques for non-market resources; option values for environmental resources; and evaluating irreversible project consequences. Theoretical problems in economics stem from: narrow problem definitions and incomplete specification of alternatives which hinder achievement of optimal decisions; the theory of "second best"; the Scitovsky reversal paradox; the need for actual compensation to take place under certain situations; the use of willingness-to-pay or willingness-to-be-compensated measures of consumer surplus; the selection of a discount rate; and the effect of risk and uncertainty on evaluation.
Ethical problems in social cost-benefit analysis arise from: the existence of multiple and conflicting problem definitions and sets of alternatives; Arrow's Impossibility Theorem which precludes the specification of a social welfare function; value judgments made implicitly in the methods of inquiry in both economics and the science needed for impact prediction; the existence of non-utilitarian frameworks that conflict with the utilitarian emphasis of social cost-benefit analysis; the reductionist nature of valuing environmental resources; the judgments made about individual rights in the selection of willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-be-compensated measures; and the judgments made about future generations in the selection of a discount rate.
Political problems in social cost-benefit analysis are evident in: the hidden agendas and political goals of politicians, bureaucrats and interest groups; incentives to bias problem definition and alternative selection in order to justify a politically but not necessarily economically justified project; incentives to restrict the boundaries of analysis to provincial boundaries; and incentives to overstate benefits, understate costs and neglect qualitative project effects.
Some of the economic, ethical and political problems can be resolved by changing the way that government project review processes operate. Three broad changes are recommended: a two-tier review process which clearly separates evaluation from the preceding stages of analysis; an increased use of public and interdepartmental review in the early stages of analysis; and a flexible and experimental approach to evaluation.Business, Sauder School of
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Bell, Ian Douglas, and ian bell@deakin edu au. "Social control, self-control and psychosocial problems in adolescent males." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20070119.100141.
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Psychosocial problems are psychological problems that are regarded as resulting from the interaction between the adaptive capacities of individuals and the demands of their physical and social environments. Many different factors have been theoretically proposed, and empirically established, as predictors of a range of psychosocial problems in adolescents. However, a problem exists in that this literature appears to lack an integrative framework that has validity across the range of problems that are observed.
The purpose of the current research is to propose and test a model that draws together three clusters of factors that are useful in predicting the incidence of adolescent psychosocial problems. These are family structural background factors, family functioning variables and control beliefs. Data were collected from 155 adolescent males aged between 12 and 19 by a single concurrent and retrospective self-report questionnaire. This included data about the respondent (age, involvements with mental health or juvenile justice agencies) and family structural background factors (days per week worked by mother/father, occupational status for mother/father, residential mobility, number of persons in the family home). The questionnaire also incorporated the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling & Brown, 1979) to quantify the levels of perceived parental care and overprotection, and an adaptation of the Parental Discipline Style Scale (Shaw & Scott, 1991), to assess punitive, love withdrawing and inductive discipline practices. In addition, the (Low) Self-control Scale (Grasmick, Tittle, Bursick & Arneklev, 1993) and the Locus of Control of Behaviour Scale (Craig, Franklin, & Andrews, 1984) were used to collect data concerning adolescents perceived behavioural self-control and locus of control. Finally, selected sub-scales of the Child Behavior Checklist Youth Self-Report (Achenbach, 1991b) were used to collect data on the incidence of social withdrawal, somatisation, anxiety and depression, aggression and delinquency among the respondents, and in aggregated form, the incidence of total problems and internalising and externalising behaviours.
Results indicated family structural background factors, family functioning variables and control beliefs possess limited predicted validity and that the usefulness of the proposed model varies between specific psychosocial problems. Family functioning variables were generally stronger predictors than family structural background factors, particularly for internalising behaviours. Of these, levels of parental care and overprotection were generally the strongest predictors. Perceived self-control and locus of control were also generally strong predictors, but were particularly powerful with respect to externalising behaviours. The strength of predictive relationships was observed to vary between specific internalising and externalising behaviours, suggesting that individual difference variables not assessed in the current research were differentially influential. Finally, the parental and individual characteristics that predicted maximal levels of adjustment (defined in terms of minimal levels of internalising and externalising behaviours) were explored and the correlates of various parenting style typologies (Parker et al., 1979) were investigated. These results strongly confirmed the importance of family functioning and control beliefs with respect to the prediction of internalising, externalising and well-adjusted behaviours. In all analyses, substantial proportions of the variance in the incidence of problem behaviours remain unexplained.
The findings are examined in relation to previous research focused on (familial) social control and (individual) self-control with respect to psychosocial problems in adolescents. In addition, methodological considerations are discussed and the implications of the findings for clinical and community interventions to address problem behaviours, and for further study, are explored.
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Andersen, Jan D. "Financial Problems as Predictors of Divorce: A Social Exchange Perspective." DigitalCommons@USU, 2000. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2685.
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By using a conceptual framework derived from social exchange theory, this study examined the relationship between financial problems and divorce. Nationally representative data from the " Marital Instability Over the Life Course" panel study was used to determine if financial problems reported at one interview could predict those who would divorce by the subsequent interview. A self-replicating design allowed data analyses for three separate time periods: 1980-1983 , 1983- 1988, and 1988-1992.
The sample used in this study consisted of l,620 married men and women under the age of 55. Additionally, the participants were in their first marriages.
Divorce was the only dependent variable. The independent variables inc luded eight financial problems: (a) husband's job interferes with family life, (b) husband 's job satisfaction, (c) wife's job satisfaction, (d) wife's work preference, (e) sat isfaction with spouse as breadwinner, (f) satisfaction with financial situation, (g) spending money
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Fox, Claire Louise. "Social skills problems and peer victimisation in junior school pupils." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391952.
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Morrow, James. "The clinical, social and psychological problems of patients with epilepsy." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333780.
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Gordon, Ethel Sherry. "New problems in queues--social injustice and server production management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17216.
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Vardi, Itai. "Normalizing accidents: cars, carnage and the disappearance of social problems." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32067.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityThis dissertation probes critical questions about the relationship between the production of cultural meanings, social power, and material objects. By using the public discourse on traffic accidents in the United States as a historical case study, this study investigates in particular the various ways by which social groups respond to unintended technological consequences and dangers within definitional processes of collectively constructing a social problem. The textual-thematic analysis draws largely upon theories from social problems literature and science & technology studies, as it looks at a number of salient historical claimsmakers, sites of discourse production, and cultural vehicles of meaning making. Specifically, the contributions of the private insurance industry, safety establishment, consumer market, automobile clubs, and printed media are closely dissected to flesh out the contours and content of the accident problem's construction and development through time. In line with a contextual constructivist approach to social problems analysis, the research has observed the emergence, evolution, and eventual waning of the accident issue along several structural anchors that provide possible explanations for some of these dynamics. To a great extent, the traffic accident problem has gradually 'disappeared' in America throughout the twentieth century - a disappearance that is not physical but conceptual. Specifically, it means that the troubling social condition is defined as something to live with, a necessary evil of which there seems to be limited ability or desire to substantially affect or eradicate. The sociological concept I employ to name this particular trajectory towards problem attenuation is normalization. Applied to the case analyzed here, the findings offer a way to understand the processes by which traffic accidents become nom1alized in America as an acquiescent price to pay for the benefits of the automobile. Theoretically, these conclusions have laid the groundwork for producing a hypothetical model of social problems normalization. The model highlights the role played by several cultural devices of claimsmaking in affecting issue attenuation or 'disappearance.' When the problem is constructed through highly technicizing, commensurating, commodifying, and socially controlling modalities of sense making, the likelihood of its normalization and eventual floundering increases.
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Anderson, Jan D. "Financial Problems as Predictors of Divorce: A Social Exchange Perspective." DigitalCommons@USU, 2000. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2445.
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By using a conceptual framework derived from social exchange theory, this study examined the relationship between financial problems and divorce. Nationally representative data from the " Maritallnstability Over the Life Course" panel study was used to determine if financial problems reported at one interview could predict those who would divorce by the subsequent interview. A self-replicating design allowed data analyses for three separate time periods: 1980-1983 , 1983- 1988, and 1988-1992.
The sample used in this study consisted of l ,620 married men and women under the age of 55. Additionally, the participants were in their first marriages.
Divorce was the only dependent variable. The independent variables included eight financial problems: (a) husband's job interferes with family life, (b) husband 's job satisfaction, (c) wife's job satisfaction, (d) wife's work preference, (e) satisfaction with spouse as breadwinner, (f) satisfaction with financial situation, (g) spending money foolishly/unwisely, and (h) financial situation getting better or worse. Additionally, total number of financial problems, age at marriage, gender, income, and presence of children under age 6 were used as independent variables in the analyses. Bivariate correlation and discriminant analysis procedures were used to analyze the data.
The results indicated statistically significant relationships between financial problems and divorce for all independent variables except wife's job satisfaction, gender, and income. However, none of the independent variables (singularly or in combination) explained more than 5% of the variance in divorce;·financial problems were inadequate predictors of divorce.
Although the results of this investigation did not provide substantive support for the popular belief that money problems are a major cause of divorce, this research filled a gap in the divorce literature, posited a clearer definition of financial problems, and provided a more complete conceptual model of the relationships between marital problems and divorce. Finally, the unanswered questions raised by this study indicate the need for continued investigation of the impact that financial issues have on marital relationships.
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Ries, Adrienne Sandra. "Psycho-social problems identified by adult bone marrow transplant survivors." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23344.
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Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) offers many patients who are diagnosed with leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma and aplastic anaemia the opportunity of increased survival. Chemotherapy is one of the most common forms of treatment for cancer patients en-route to BMT, which is often a concomitant stressor in the patient's life. Due to the side effects of chemotherapy, patients are often required to remain in a protective isolation unit for several weeks at a time. In most cases, BMT constitutes the final phase of the treatment process. This procedure is not without its risks and may create significant psychosocial stress for patients. Social work intervention in the Department of Haematology at Groote Schuur Hospital has focused primarily on newly diagnosed patients and those patients undergoing transplantation. However, with the increased success of BMT, it is important to address the needs of cancer survivors. An ongoing support group with BMT survivors, provided the opportunity for the researcher to conduct a qualitative exploratory study of how survivors conceptualise and describe their current lives. To this end, fifteen group sessions were tape recorded and the self-identified issues raised by the members were organised into themes. It was ascertained that adjustment post BMT was stressful for most of the survivors. In general, survivors experienced numerous losses in terms of intimate and social relationships, memory and sexual functioning. Anxiety was pervasive and was heightened by an underlying fear of relapse. However, survivors also acknowledged the positive benefits of having been diagnosed with cancer and undergoing a BMT, such as improved family relationships, renewed interest in religion and the changing of attitudes and values. Members utilised numerous coping skills including denial, avoidance, rationalisation, confrontation and problem solving in an attempt to master their situation. The group experience was viewed favourably by members who formed a strong bond as a result of their shared experiences. Some of the survivors were able to use the group to express fears that they felt uncomfortable to express elsewhere. BMT survivors enter a distinct phase of adjustment with the re-entry into their premorbid lifestyles. Preparation is essential if this phase is to mastered. Further research across race and cultural groupings is required in order to ensure that social work intervention is appropriate to all in South Africa.
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Lensing, Daniel Paul. "Social Security: an evaluation of current problems and proposed solutions." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18219.
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Master of ArtsDepartment of Economics
William F. Blankenau
This paper examines several different issues which could make the various Social Security programs insolvent. I evaluate each cause and how it is related to the problems experienced by each program to determine potential policy changes. I draw the majority of my data and information from peer-reviewed scholarly articles, as well as government agencies such as the Social Security Administration, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Congressional Research Service. Section 1 of the paper explains the history of the Social Security program and the circumstances creating it. Section 2 goes into greater detail explaining different issues which could make the system insolvent. These areas are: earnings inequality, changes in healthcare, increased life expectancy, changes in the dependency ratio, general trust fund issues, disability trust fund issues, political climate, and recessions/reduced earnings. In Section 3, I evaluate two different proposed plans to fix Social Security. The first plan is an academic plan, the Diamond-Orszag Plan; the second is a plan created by a think-tank, The Heritage Plan. Section 4 gives a conclusion of the implications of the paper and explains the benefits and drawbacks of the two evaluated plans. After evaluating all the problems with Social Security and the two proposed plans, I come to the conclusion that neither plan would be ideal by itself. The Diamond-Orszag Plan is the most politically feasible plan, as it doesn’t change the framework of the current program. A combination of the two plans would be most beneficial, as The Heritage Plan has policy specifically targeting the problems with the Medicare system, where the Diamond-Orszag Plan does not. The three different plans for changing the disability system I evaluate in Section 2.5 are specific, targeted plans and could be a nice addition to a plan such as the Diamond-Orszag Plan. In any case, the sooner politicians finally start taking Social Security’s instability seriously, the better. The longer we wait, the more complex and difficult the problem will become.
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Hemmingson, Karen. "Understanding claims-making activities about social problems : the case of homelessness." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30677.
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UNDERSTANDING CLAIMS-MAKING ACTIVITIES ABOUT SOCIAL PROBLEMS: THE CASE OF HOMELESSNESS IN CANADA.
Liberal Democracy proposes to combine the best of all worlds; individual freedom, economic growth, equal opportunity to achieve wealth, health and happiness. In Canada, we have experienced this liberal democracy for many decades and have witnessed the growth of the modern welfare state. Increases in prosperity and growth have been tremendous, yet we are still faced with the stark reality of poverty and the huge discrepancy between rich and poor. Nowhere is this more clearly illustrated than in the housing sector. Homelessness, the ultimate housing inequality, has not been eradicated. Instead, it continues to be a pervasive and growing phenomenon. This leads to the conclusion that Canada's welfare state has not contributed successfully to eliminating and preventing homelessness.
This research examines the way society deals with social problems and their emergence. The focus is on the emergence of homelessness as a social problem. It illustrates that conventional approaches to the analysis of social problems limit actions and solutions society undertakes to resolve them. A new framework for analysis is proposed; a process oriented analysis of claims-making activities as a way of understanding social problems.
This thesis documents the process of recognition of homelessness as a public policy issue in Canada. It examines the role of 'process' in the development of public policy issues because the way a society views, defines and re-defines a social problem often determines the policy response. One of the key components of understanding the public policy response to
homelessness lies within the process of public recognition of homelessness as a social problem. This research contends that the way in which a problem is identified and comes to be defined and the actors involved affects the types of solutions implemented. Indeed, it is this concept of process which is crucial in the emergence, life or death of a social problem as a public issue.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Kristoffersson, Marcus. "Efficient treatment of adolescents with behavioural problems." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24551.
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The purpose of this essay is to investigate which components previous scientific studies suggest that an efficient treatment for adolescents with behavioural problems should contain. For this purpose, an extensive review of scientific research conducted in Scandinavia has been read and will be presented in this essay. This essay also present an introduction to residential care in Sweden as well as to an alternative form of treatment for adolescents with behavioural problems called Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC). The result of this essay suggest that treatment of adolescents with behavioural problems should be based on the emphasis of risk/resilience factors of the youth and that the treatment should be adapted to the youth’s individual personality and way of learning. Furthermore should the method of treatment be well incorporated within the staff and be based on methods proven effective by scientific research. Based on the scientific research previously conducted, one could argue that the MTFC treatment is more efficient when it comes to treatment of adolescents with behavioural problems than residential care due to the residential cares inconsistency in treatment methods.
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Senor, Maria Selva. "La construction de la famille idéale : notions et représentations dans l'Argentine du XIXème siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0036.
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Cette thèse étudie les débats parlementaires et juridiques ainsi que les représentations littéraires qu'ont contribué à façonner à la fois le Code civil argentin et les normes de la vie familiale. On peut y retrouver la projection d'un modèle idéal de la famille que les forces politiques dirigeantes argentines du XIXe siècle veulent imposer comme instrument d'intégration nationale et de régulation socialeThis thesis studies palamentary and juridical debates, as weil as literary representations which have contributed to give form both to the argentine Civil Code and to patterns of family life The projection of an ideal family model can be found that leaders of political argentine forces of XIXc try to impose as an instrument of national and social regulation