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1
Barojas, Jorge, and Nahina Dehesa. "Mathematics for Social Scientists." Industry and Higher Education 15, no. 4 (August 2001): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000001101295768.
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The teaching of the concept of function is considered as an example of the problems encountered by social science students in learning mathematics at the level of an introductory college course. The key notions of learning cycles and teaching strategies are presented as guidelines to overcome some of the cognitive problems that students have. Finally, some training implications of learning mathematics are discussed.
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Kouros, Chrystyna D., E. Mark Cummings, and Patrick T. Davies. "Early trajectories of interparental conflict and externalizing problems as predictors of social competence in preadolescence." Development and Psychopathology 22, no. 3 (June 24, 2010): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000258.
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AbstractConsistent with developmental cascade notions, the present study investigated (a) associations between trajectories of interparental conflict and early externalizing problems during childhood and (b) early trajectories of externalizing problems as a pathway by which interparental conflict impacts children's social competence in preadolescence. Participants were 235 children and their parents and teachers. Children were assessed annually for 3 years, beginning when they were in kindergarten. Parents provided reports of interparental conflict and child externalizing problems. Children's social competence (prosocial behavior, social problems) was assessed approximately 5 years later via parent and teacher reports. Results from parallel process models indicated that changes in interparental conflict were positively associated with changes in externalizing problems during childhood. Further, demonstrating pathways consistent with notions of developmental cascades, early trajectories of externalizing problems accounted for the longitudinal link between early trajectories of interparental conflict and children's social problems in preadolescence.
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Bidabad, Bijan. "Social Changes: An Islamic Sufi Approach." International Journal of Shari'ah and Corporate Governance Research 2, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijscgr.v2i2.319.
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Change of the society begins with change and transformation of humankind. Human beings change is due to their educations in all respects of social customs, etiquette, organizational skills, and customs of ethical and occupational. Different ideas about the way to change people's opinion return back to human beings' notions. However, some believe that imbalance of forces in various classes of the society is the reason for revolutions and changes in. If a notion is rejected, then its tradition will collapse, and tradition-breaking starts. Because notion connects values to nature of objects and value them, and this credited value is known as a reality for human beings. Transformation starts when those notions that convert customs and habits to tradition, and then to institution start to change. Combination of old and new notions appears a synthesis of notion, and in the next step, the synthesis works as a thesis and reappearance of antithesis ends to revolutions and evolution of the societies. General rules of being are not specific to a particular science. Further, social pressures, evolutions, and revolutions comply with the laws of mechanics. Mechanical laws are highly adaptable to bring the forces and pressures into individual and social changes analysis. As empirical scientist discovered and described the mathematical rules of physical laws to analyze and study the physical and chemical phenomena; it is time to place that psychologists, as well as social scientists, discover the mathematical expressive rules within individual and interpersonal behavioral realms. Islam proposes the most important theory of social changes and evolution toward ethical promotion, and principally, though considers class differences and conflicts regarding the issues of interest, wealth and materialism, but enlightens people that all these affairs are just credited and should not be emphasized more than necessary. Birth of a human being is birth of a thinking force that regarding the average intelligence and norms condition of human society, can solve his problems, and among the born based on the probability distribution functions, some are with very high IQs who can initiate large changes in larger societies. Instead of inhibiting population growth, raise a population reform agenda. Therefore, considers special rules dealing with male-female relationships and marriage.
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Maleševic, Siniša. "Researching social and ethnic identity." Studying Identity: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges 2, no. 2 (November 18, 2003): 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.2.2.05mal.
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This paper focuses on the relationship between the conceptual and methodological problems in the study of social and ethnic identity. The author argues that the theoretical and conceptual deficiencies in defining and understanding the notions of “identity” and “ethnic identity” are reflected in the quality and type of research strategies used to asses empirical claims to ethnic identity. The first part of the paper critically reviews and analyses the use of the concepts “identity” and “ethnic identity” in social science and the humanities. The author focuses in particular on the conceptual history and geography of “identity” stressing its cultural and historical exclusivity. The second part of the paper assesses how these conceptual, historical and cultural problems affect methodological and research strategies in the study of ethnic identity.
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Böröcz, József. "Stand Reconstructed: Contingent Closure and Institutional Change." Sociological Theory 15, no. 3 (November 1997): 215–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0735-2751.00033.
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The process is traced whereby crucially important, multiple denotations of classical sociology's key notion referring to social position—the Weberian German concept of Stand—have been stripped to create a simplified and inaccurate representation of social inequalities. Some historical material from central Europe is surveyed, with a brief look at Japan, to demonstrate validity problems created by blanket application of the culturally specific, streamlined notions of status/class. As an alternative, a notion of contingent social closure argues that relaxing the modernizationist assumptions of a single transition from estate to status/class increases the comparative-historical sensitivity of research on social structure, inequality, and stratification. A dynamic reading of Polányi suggests a reconceptualization of institutions as the “raw material” of social change. This might help to avoid the outdated contrast of the “West” vs. its “Others.”
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Kimmitt, Jonathan, and Pablo Muñoz. "Sensemaking the ‘social’ in social entrepreneurship." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 36, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 859–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242618789230.
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In the collective imagination, the practices and outcomes of social entrepreneurship seem to hold hope for a better future. So far, these practices have been largely assumed as idealised types with the ‘social’ in social entrepreneurship underexplored. Such assumed neutrality, we argue, is hampering the development of a more robust theoretical corpus for understanding the phenomenon and inspiring practices that are more effective. In this article, we analyse the sensemaking of the social in social entrepreneurship by exploring the ways in which social entrepreneurs make sense of social problems and develop solutions for addressing them. Our empirical analyses of the stories of 15 social entrepreneurs indicate two distinct types of sensemaking and sensegiving practices, aligned with Amartya Sen’s notions of social justice. Drawing on these findings, sensemaking and social justice theory, we elaborate a two-type social sensemaking model pertaining to the appreciation and assessment of circumstances and the differing problem/solution combinations emerging from alternative ontological views of what constitutes a social problem.
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Luiz Coradini, Odaci. "The divergences between Bourdieu’s and Coleman’s notions of social capital and their epistemological limits." Social Science Information 49, no. 4 (December 2010): 563–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018410377130.
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With the ongoing expansion of the uses of the concept of social capital, the literature critical on these uses has also grown. The principal references in the literature on social capital are Coleman’s and Bourdieu’s conceptual definitions, with a strong quantitative prominence of the former. Bourdieu’s definition of social capital is generally taken as a positive counterpoint, but it is merely allusive and does not go deeply into the theoretical and analytical implications. The principal objective of the present article is to demonstrate that one of the main problems in these criticisms revolving around the notion of social capital stems from its non-contextualized use, irrespective of its theoretical and epistemological bases. Such eclecticism can be very common in the social sciences, but in this specific case it is aggravated by the nominal coincidence of the notions originating in the work of Coleman and Bourdieu, which have different meanings.
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Anshelevich, Elliot, Aris Filos-Ratsikas, Nisarg Shah, and Alexandros A. Voudouris. "Distortion in social choice problems." ACM SIGecom Exchanges 19, no. 1 (June 2021): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3476436.3476439.
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The notion of distortion in social choice problems has been defined to measure the loss in efficiency---typically measured by the utilitarian social welfare, the sum of utilities of the participating agents---due to having access only to limited information about the preferences of the agents. Here, we provide a comprehensive reading list on the related literature.
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Vandekinderen, Caroline, Griet Roets, Rudi Roose, and Geert Van Hove. "Rediscovering Recovery: Reconceptualizing Underlying Assumptions of Citizenship and Interrelated Notions of Care and Support." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/496579.
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Over the last few decades, research, policy, and practice in the field of mental health care and a complementary variety of social work and social service delivery have internationally concentrated onrecoveryas a promising concept. In this paper, a conceptual distinction is made between anindividualapproach and asocialapproach to recovery, and underlying assumptions of citizenship and interrelated notions and features of care and support are identified. It is argued that the conditionality of the individual approach to recovery refers to a conceptualization of citizenship asnormative, based on the existence of a norm that operates in every domain of our society. We argue that these assumptions place a burden ofself-governanceon citizens with mental health problems and risk producing people with mental health problems as nonrecyclable citizens. The social approach to recovery embraces a different conceptualization of citizenship asrelational and inclusiveand embodies the myriad ways in which the belonging of people with mental health problems can be constructed in practice. As such, we hope to enable social services and professionals in the field to balance their role in the provision of care and support to service users with mental health problems.
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Lash, Martha J., and Janice Kroeger. "Seeking justice through social action projects: Preparing teachers to be social actors in local and global problems." Policy Futures in Education 16, no. 6 (January 15, 2018): 691–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478210317751272.
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In this article, we share a social action process useful in teacher education and derived from a decade of practical experience with social action projects. Influences, theoretical underpinnings, and individual leadership in an early childhood teacher education program are considered alongside practical enactments of social action projects by preservice teachers in their licensure program. One particular type of field-based assignment, the social action project, is described and analyzed. An examination of program transformations expanding the social justice framework to include more global perspectives, such as the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Program, shaped and challenged our earlier notions of working to address isms to frame justice and advocate for children in larger social and educational networks. We suggest what social action should and can entail in teacher education for an interdependent world and offer a gradient of social action for justice in early childhood education practices and environments.
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Shkurko, Aleksandr. "Role behavior: A neurosociological perspective." Social Science Information 51, no. 3 (August 20, 2012): 338–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018412441751.
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Recent advances in social neuroscience show that many social phenomena can be traced back to neural processes. Major limitations and contributions of social neuroscience for a better understanding of social phenomena are considered. Social neuroscience is currently guided primarily by psychological notions and theories, thus making it inappropriate for solving sociological problems. Brain research for sociology can be increasingly useful within a branch we call neurosociology. Incorporation of data from cognitive and neuroscience may clarify the low-level structure of social phenomena and contribute to our understanding of social mechanisms. The notion of social status/role is taken as a possible subject of neurosociological research. A number of low-level brain structures and processes are shown to be relevant for the sociological notion of status/role. Examples include findings concerning the possible role of mirror neurons and oxytocin in social cognition and behavior. The idea of modularity is considered as a source of particular neurosociological hypothesis. It is also argued that the study of the neural system may contribute to a better understanding of social categorization, stratification and other macrosociological questions.
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ANDREESCU, Prof Cristina Veronica. "ONLINE EDUCATION - PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS." Pro Edu. International Journal of Educational Sciences 3, no. 4 (January 27, 2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26520/peijes.2021.4.3.49-61.
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The online platforms have been in a continuous development since the beginning of their appearance, being classified according to the field of activity. This article discusses some features of the online educational platforms, that serve the distance learning adopted during this pandemic period by the majority of nations on the planet, to continue the educational progress, at all levels of learning. The article is intended exclusively for the platforms used at the pre-university level of education and illustrates theoretical notions about them, represented by typologies, characteristics, and the features that platforms have been applying. The online platforms, as any other software device, possess advantages and also limitations of the available functions, and this article illustrates their approach in the context of the formative type of assessments, as well as of the summative ones. The effects of using these platforms are highlighted by using the questionnaire survey. This has the final aim to identify the perceptions of the respondents on the use of the online educational platforms for conveying the school information and also to identify the psycho-social aspects that this approach entails. At the end of the article the results of students' attendance at the online courses are presented, results that were collected based on the monitoring study conducted on a sample of students.
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Rojas, Patricio. "Variations of the social: some reflections on public health, social research and the health-society relation." Saúde e Sociedade 24, suppl 1 (June 2015): 124–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902015s01011.
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The idea of a social dimension of health is widely accepted as unavoidable and relevant for public health. This article proposes a reflection around the notion of the social examining some of the manifold ways in which it might be inherited by researchers, professionals, administrative staff and material settings involved in the practices of public health care. It will be argued that this inheritance has deep consequences for efforts of care inasmuch these different versions of the social characterise, circumscribe and reframe the health-society relation, modifying the scope under which public health issues are tackled or dismissed. To ground this seemingly abstract discussion I will work considering a specific public health problem: the case of frequent attenders in public health. Drawing on two approaches from the Sociology of Health (i.e. illness-behaviour and the user-professional relation) and the field of Science and Technology Studies, I will show how these ways of framing the study of frequent attenders assume and simultaneously promote three different versions of the social. The article aims to explore how social research in these traditions participate in the achievement and promotion of specific health-society relations, in which certain notions of the social operate helping or limiting research and care efforts by creating richer or poorer possibilities for posing, examining and facing the problems of public health.
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Koro-Ljungberg, Mirka, and Tim Barko. "“Answers,” Assemblages, and Qualitative Research." Qualitative Inquiry 18, no. 3 (January 23, 2012): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800411431562.
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Although educational researchers predominately study complex, multidimensional problems, research findings and proposed arguments can sometimes be characterized as definite, simplified, and prone to particular types of answers or expected outcomes. The authors seek to problematize these definite and simplified notions of answers by looking at some historical developments of dialogue and how answers have been conceptualized within these historical discourses. The authors propose that answers be seen not as a final step in the research process but rather as an opening, an assemblage, a jar, or a call to transition into new forms of questions, new outlooks on methods, and new processes of thought. Finally, the renegotiation of the philosophical notion of answers that the authors will discuss in this article exemplifies potential for a renewed commitment to meaningful educational research.
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Dumas, Michael, and Gary L. Anderson. "Qualitative research as policy knowledge: Framing policy problems and transforming education from the ground up." Education Policy Analysis Archives 22 (February 15, 2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v22n11.2014.
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As educational research becomes privatized, commodified and commercialized, research relevance increasingly means being incorporated into neoliberal ideological and economic agendas. Within this social context, qualitative research in particular is often deemed less relevant (if not irrelevant) because it does not provide prescriptions for best practices or claim to offer “proof” that a given policy will lead to specific outcomes. The authors suggest that notions of research’s relevance to policy and practice may be too narrow a way of thinking about how qualitative scholarship might enter policy discourse. Instead, they propose that scholars advance a new common sense, in which “policy knowledge” is understood as more useful—indeed, more relevant—than mere policy prescription. In their view, impacting the very framing of policy will require that scholars expand their notion of the audiences for educational research, and be more creative at reaching a diverse range of stakeholders, including not only policymakers, but also journalists, youth and community activists, and teachers.
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Boyd, Elizabeth A. "Wayne A. Beach, Conversations about illness: Family preoccupations with bulimia. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1996. Pp. vii, 148. Hb $36.00, pb $16.00." Language in Society 29, no. 3 (July 2000): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500253049.
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Within the fields of health communication and medical sociology, there is growing interest in exploring the social and interactional character of health and illness. This interest results, in large part, from the recognition that the very foundations of a society's notions of health are inextricably rooted in the social. With the present book, we have one of the first interactional studies of a family's experience with a particular illness: bulimia. Beach provides a glimpse into the way that family members both talk about, and talk into being, the health problems of one of its members. Removing the notion of illness from the individual, psychological experience is not an especially novel idea; but Beach's location of it in the interactional details of a conversation between a grandmother and granddaughter is quite notable.
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Mendes, Josilene Ferreira, and Noemi S. Miyasaka Porro. "Social conflicts in times of environmentalism: living law rights to land in settlements with a conservationist focus." Ambiente & Sociedade 18, no. 2 (June 2015): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asocex06v1822015en.
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In this paper, we discuss the social conflicts linked to agrarian and environmental policies in the history of the Virola Jatobá Sustainable Development Project (SDP), in the municipality of Anapu, State of Pará. The social and legal practices of family units living in the SDP were used as the basis for understanding the concept of land rights under living law. During the processes of occupation, creation and implementation of the SDP, we observed the renewal of the living law concept which originally emanated from the notion of land belonging to those who work it, reinforced by notions of relative autonomy and environmental care. The description of living rights reveals the peasants' resistance strategies in their struggles for land and negotiations with government to guarantee their land rights. The environmental appeal of the SDPs did not manage to overcome the institutional problems of implementing these policies in the Transamazonica region, rather it masked social conflicts by imposing rules justified by sustainability.
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Cowan, Dave, and Alex Marsh. "From need to choice, welfarism to advanced liberalism? Problematics of social housing allocation." Legal Studies 25, no. 1 (March 2005): 22–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2005.tb00269.x.
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Drawing on studies in governmentality, this paper considers the ways in which the selection and allocation of households for social housing have been conceptualised and treated as problematic. The paper urgues that the notion of ‘need’ emerged relatively slowly over the course of the twentieth century as the organising criterion of social housing. Yet ‘need’ became established as a powerful tool used to place those seeking social housing in hierarchies, and around which considerable expertise developed. While the principle of allocation on the basis of need has come to occupy a hegemonic position, it has operated it continual tension with competing criteria based on notions of suitability. As a consequence, this paper identifies risk management as a recurrent theme of housing management practices. By the 1960s need-based allocation was proving problematic in terms of who was being prioritised; it was also unuble to resist the challenge ofdeviant behaviour by tenunts and the apparent unpopularity of the social rented sector. We argue that the tramition to advanced liberalism prefaced a shift to new forms of letting accommodation bused on household choice, which have been portrayed as addressing core problems with the bureaucratically-driven system. We conclude by reflecting on the tensions inherent in seeking to foster choice, while continuing to adhere to the notion of need.
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Prisiazhnaia, N. V. "THE IMAGE OF «IDEAL» FAMILY IN NOTIONS OF MUSCOVITES." Sociology of Medicine 18, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2810-2019-18-1-28-34.
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The article considers concepts of Moscow residents related to the issue of «ideal» family. The generalized character of the «ideal» family in view of respondents is presented as follows: complete family with two children living in their own apartment, family relationship is based on love, mutual assistance, support, mutual understanding, domestic duties are distributed fairly and taking into account «female» and «male» types of domestic life. Furthermore, both parents are working and devote their free time to children. At that, joint leisure is mostly organized as active rest (walks, travel, sports). The study established serious gap between factual characteristics of transformation of social institution of family at present stage (increasing numbers of divorces and single parenthood, leveling of family values, decreasing of numbers of children in family, wide range of problems of modern family) and perceptions by respondents of the «ideal» family as it is. It is noted that perception of respondents of the «ideal» family may indicate preservation of value of family as social (and vital) construct. This perception also may act as intentional sources of motivation and striving for achievement of the «ideal» of family relations.
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Žukauskaitė, Audronė. "GILLES’IO DELEUZE’O IR FELIXO GUATTARI MIKROPOLITIKA ŠIUOLAIKINĖS FILOSOFIJOS KONTEKSTE." Problemos 75 (January 1, 2009): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2009.0.1978.
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Straipsnyje analizuojama Gilles’io Deleuze’o ir Felixo Guattari kuriama mikropolitikos samprata, kuri priešpriešinama makropolitikai, veikiančiai pripažintų politinių teorijų ir apibrėžtų tapatybių lygmenyje. Mikropolitikos projektas siejamas su tapsmo mažuma, mažosios literatūros, mažosios politikos sampratomis, kurios nukreiptos ne į tapatybės kūrimą, bet į tapsmo procesą, inovaciją, eksperimentą. Deleuze’as ir Guattari teigia, jog tapsmas mažuma yra universalus procesas, kurio tikslas – kiekvieno individo autonomija. Deleuze‘o ir Guattari universalaus tapsmo koncepcija priešpriešinama Alaino Badiou kuriamai karingojo universalizmo sampratai. Badiou postuluojamas universalizmas iš pirmo žvilgsnio yra panašus į Deleuze’o ir Guattari siūlomos tapsmo teorijos universalumą, tačiau abiejų teorijų turinys radikaliai skiriasi. Deleuze’ui ir Guattari pats tapsmas mažuma yra universalus procesas; Badiou, priešingai, mažumas ir skirtumus pasitelkia tam, kad juos redukuotų į lygybę ir vienodumą. Badiou siekia panaikinti skirtumus dėl universalizmo, kuris pasiekiamas per tiesos įvykį, bendrą visiems ir kiekvienam.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: mikropolitika, mažoji literatūra, tapsmas mažuma, paskirybė, universalizmas.Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s Micropolitics in the Context of Contemporary PhilosophyAudronė Žukauskaitė SummaryThe article discusses Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of micropolitics in relation with the notions of minor literature and becoming-minoritarian. The concept of minor literature appears in Deleuze and Guattari’s Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature and is defined by three characteristics: 1) the deterritorialization of language; 2) the connection of the individual to a political immediacy; 3) the collective assemblage of enunciation. The notion of minor literature is closely related with the notion of becoming-minoritarian developed in A Thousand Plateaus. Deleuze and Guattari claim that becoming-minoritarian is the universal figure of consciousness. In this sense, any kind of becoming is a revolutionary act, because it changes the political constellation of power and enables the repressed to reach an autonomous condition. The concept of becoming-minoritarian is introduced to the contemporary political context through the notion of minor politics, discussed by Nicholas Thoburn. Minor politics is seen not as a fetishization of marginal identity but rather as a possibility to legitimize the existence of those who lack any social identity. In this sense, the notions of becoming-minoritarian and minor politics are contrasted with Alain Badiou’s claim to universality: the question is raised as to whether becoming-minoritarian should necessarily end in autonomy, as Deleuze and Guattari argue, or, by contrast, whether it should seek to universalize the minor and in this way raise the claim for universal justice.Keywords: micropolitics, minor literature, becoming-minoritiarian, the particular, universalism.
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Powell, Jason L. "Subjection, Social Work and Social Theory." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 21 (February 2014): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.21.107.
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Reflecting on Judith Butler’s conception of ‘performativity’, this paper argues that the notion has important implications for contemporary debates over agency, subjection and ‘resistance’ in social work. Using, wider social theory drawn from post-structuralist Butler, makes sense of complex professional-service user relations. The article explores the possibilities and problems for resisting dominant power relationships in micro and meso settings.
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Mahmood, Ghasan Hasan. "Notions of sustainable urban planning and impacts on Habitation." Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences 6, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol6.iss1.78.
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One of the main housing problems in the modern era emerged from the case of environmental and urban degradation and the accompanying population growth and an increasing scarcity of natural resources, which has established itself firmly on the planning status of contemporary in an attempt to find appropriate solutions to this problem orientation was towards the concept of sustainability, which in turn is a global demand necessary contributes mainly in the treatment of a lot of this problem and then configure the general perception of the concept and methodology to be applied to urban and urban areas, which are aimed at forming healthy urban environment, health, social, urban and environmentally suitable for all economic groups in society, and I have touched on the concept of sustainability and its history briefly , as well as sustainable development and the basics of sustainable urban planning with the definition of the structure of the city's urban and address standards of planning, and has been eating Neighbourhood Unit being the main Aalouhdh in the structure of the urban city. with the development of the most important sustainable planning in detail the concepts with Astertajat application of these concepts in the neighboring implications the residential environment as a model can be a start for the dissemination of sustainable planning applications in urban design and urban planning of our cities contemporary line To be the problem of the research is that the residential neighborhoods in contemporary cities suffer from the weakness evident in the achievement of the principles of urban sustainability in the built environment as a result of the lack of a clear vision of the great impact of the application of sustainable urban planning concepts on housing environment residential neighbors and especially those that are considered fundamental group unit for the emergence of cities and the wealth of the solution to the problems of the expansion of agricultural land and not to the depletion of natural resources, agricultural land and reduce the energy consumption and therefore reduce the various infections with developing the economy and raising the social level of the communities Alexanah.lzlk the aim of the research is centered on asking perceptions affecting the concepts of sustainable planning and environmental, social, economic, physical and its effects on residential environment with taking as a model .oantaleg neighboring residential search in the premise that the implementation of sustainable urban planning concepts will create residential Abih sound and healthy, safe and socially homogeneous and compact urban .
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Williams, Quentin E., and Christopher Stroud. "Linguistic citizenship." Language & Citizenship 14, no. 3 (August 17, 2015): 406–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.14.3.05wil.
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A major challenge facing South Africa is that of reconstructing a meaningful and inclusive notion of citizenship in the aftermath of its apartheid past and in the face of narratives of divisiveness that reach back from this past and continue to reverberate in the present. Many of the problems confronting South African social transformation are similar to the rest of the postcolonial world that continues to wrestle with the inherited colonial divide between citizen and subject. In this article, we explore how engagement with diversity and marginalization is taking place across a range of non-institutional and informal political arenas. Here, we elaborate on an approach towards the linguistic practices of the political everyday in terms of a notion of linguistic citizenship and by way of conclusion argue that the contradictions and turmoils of contemporary South Africa require further serious deliberation around alternative notions of citizenship and their semiotics.
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Holubec, Pavel. "Assemblage Thinking in Urban Studies: How to Conceive of a City?" Advanced Engineering Forum 12 (November 2014): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.12.17.
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Assemblage thinking is process-based thinking. Understanding cities from this perspective therefore implies searching for processes that are assembling the city and that keeps it alive. Because of this approach, we don't need to ask: „what the city is?“ but either: „how did cities emerge?“ or: „how is their existence maintained?“ The paper argues that the perspective, from which we see cities, matters, because it either highlights or hides something. We will argue, that the result of an object-based thinking about cities, that stems from modern order of the world, is a very finite and constricted notion of a city, that in effect precludes any alternatives. But by overcoming the obsolete notions of objects, objectivity and subjects by notions of assemblage, perspectivity and chaining, the new world order may eventually emerge and resolve also the mounting enviromental and social problems. We understand city as a specific kind of creature that, through imposition of limits, has helped the human society to differentiate and become global. But now is the time to limit the city, acknowledge planetary boundaries and this way force the global society to develop itself so it can adapt to the challenges of the Anthropocene.
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Frank, Reanne. "Back to the Future? The Emergence of a Geneticized Conceptualization of Race in Sociology." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 661, no. 1 (August 10, 2015): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215590775.
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Discoveries in human molecular genetics have reanimated unresolved debates over the nature of human difference. In this context, the idea that race has a discrete and measurable genetic basis is currently enjoying a resurgence. The return of a biologized construction of race is somewhat surprising because one of the primary pronouncements to come out of the Human Genome Project was one of human genetic similarity (i.e., humans are over 99.9 percent similar at the molecular level). Perhaps even more surprising is that genetically based notions of race have not been restricted to the biomedical sciences but have recently emerged within the social sciences, specifically sociology, to explicitly challenge a socially constructed understanding of race. Drawing on existing critiques, this article describes problems in recent sociological scholarship and the potential role of social scientists in future work occurring at the intersection of race and genetics. I argue that recent scholarly work meant to challenge the notion of race as a social construction actually makes a powerful case for its continued utility.
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Leontovich, Olga A. "The dynamics of political correctness, inclusive language and freedom of speech." Russian Journal of Linguistics 25, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 194–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-1-194-220.
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The study aims to research the historical dynamics of the notions political correctness, inclusive language and freedom of speech, as well as to reveal the mechanisms and new tendencies of their realization in public discourse. The sources of practical material are represented by: a) 126 journal and Internet articles; b) 12 speeches of famous US and British politicians, scholars and celebrities reflecting the notions under study. The leading methods include critical discourse analysis, definition and contextual analyses. The research indicates that during its long and contradictory history, the term political correctness had both positive and negative connotations. When the negative attitude started to prevail, it was replaced by the notions inclusion and inclusive language based on similar mechanisms: ban on the use of offensive terms denoting different aspects of peoples identity; avoidance of stereotypes and false semantic associations; abundant use of euphemisms, etc. The paper reveals the new trends in the English language (non-binary expression of gender; changes in the conceptualization of race, age and disability) and social practices meeting the requirements of inclusive communication. Whereas political correctness and inclusive language aim to protect vulnerable social groups and improve the social climate, they produce certain undesirable tendencies: breach between social groups caused by inefficient communication; reverse racism; complex relationship of political correctness with science, literature and education; its speculative use; and restrictions on freedom of speech. The study also sheds light on the problems of politically correct intercultural communication caused by the non-stop language change, differences in social norms, values, grammatical structures, semantics, and cultural associations.
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Pounder, Paul Alexander. "Social entrepreneurship and cultural contextualization: a review." International Journal of Development Issues 20, no. 3 (June 22, 2021): 344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-02-2021-0029.
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Purpose This study aims to provide insights into the conceptualization of social entrepreneurship and the extent to which culture affects it. Design/methodology/approach First, social entrepreneurship is conceptualized and then the research integrates Hofstede’s framework, with some consideration for Inglehart’s and Schwartz’s framework in exploring the effects of cultural values. Findings Seminal studies on social entrepreneurship delineated acting entrepreneurially and having a social mission but failed to consider cultural contextualization. After illustrating Hofstede’s, Inglehart’s and Schwartz’s frameworks for cultural dimensions, the research shows that different cultural dimensions can provide a better understanding of social entrepreneurship. Research limitations/implications This study has a limited scope as it relies on narrow conceptualizations of social entrepreneurship and culture. Practical implications Future national agendas should embrace varying notions of shared obligation across support institutions and enterprises as they attempt to address social problems across differing cultures. Originality/value This research contributes to the literature by providing an insightful understanding of the influence of culture on social entrepreneurship through integrating widely used cultural dimensions.
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Pavlov, Alexander. "The Parallaxes of the Fox: Towards Definition of the Subject and Status of Social Philosophy." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 17, no. 3 (2018): 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2018-3-149-172.
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The author of this article tries to reconsider the subject field of social-philosophical knowledge. He considers the principal difference of social philosophy from theoretical sociology, historical sociology, and political philosophy. On the basis of this differentiation, it is stated that social philosophy is a separate and coherent discipline. The author then considers several possible approaches to the study of society that could be characterized as “weak programs” of social philosophy. On such a basis, it is claimed that a “strong program” of social philosophy could be formed. This program must organically combine the following assumptions: the methodology of neo-Marxism, including the orientation towards the traditional for these current intellectual objects of analysis, and accurate and thorough studies, as well as a firmness and conceptual coherence, i.e., a level of analysis beyond the immediate empirical material. The author then considers one of the main challenges that social philosophy faces or must face in the nearest future. Social philosophy has to fulfill an important task: to say something sensible about the times we are living in, to determine changes in culture and economy, as well as to give an answer to the question of what comes instead of postmodernity, if such a thing ever existed. On the basis of the above-mentioned points, the following working definition of social philosophy is given: multiple (although not always) philosophical conceptualizations of social problems, phenomena, and complex notions, as well as theoretical attempts at interpreting our or/and another epoch, which, in the interpretation, first of all assumes a normative dimension, and secondly, is based on rich empirical material. This approach can also be explained through the notion of “the parallax of the fox”, which assumes that social philosophy deals with many things, but at the same time, tries to give a new look at existing problems and to determine its heuristic potential.
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Žukauskaitė, Audronė. "SOCIALINIŲ INSTITUCIJŲ KRITIKA GILL ES’IO DELEUZE’O IR FELIXO GUATTARI FILOSOFIJOJE." Problemos 76 (January 1, 2009): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2009.0.1944.
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Straipsnyje analizuojama socialinių institucijų kritika, išplėtota Deleuze’o ir Guattari knygose Anti-Oidipas ir Tūkstantis plokštikalnių bei trumpame, bet reikšmingame Deleuze’o tekste „Prierašas apie kontrolės visuomenę“. Deleuze’as ir Guattari kuria mašininę visuomenės sampratą: jų teigimu, skirtingas socialines ir ekonomines formacijas įmanoma įsivaizduoti kaip virtualias mašinas, kurios gali aktualizuotis bet kuriuo istoriniu momentu. Analizuodami valstybės aparatą, Deleuze’as ir Guattari vengia nuorodų į konkrečias valstybes; veikiau jie kalba apie universalią valstybę-formą, kuri veikia kaip užgrobimo aparatas. Valstybė-forma suvokiama kaip suvienodinantis ir standartizuojantis principas, o karo mašina, priešingai, siekia sulaužyti sustingusias formas ir kurti inovacijas. Šie du agregatai – valstybės aparatas ir karo mašina – apibūdina ne tik valstybę ir jai besipriešinančias jėgas, bet persmelkia visas žmogaus veiklos sferas: mokslą, filosofiją, meną. Deleuze’o ir Guattari formuluojama valstybės aparato kritika artima Michelio Foucault disciplinos visuomenės teorijai. Foucault galios samprata taip pat yra mechanicistinė: galia persmelkia sociumą įsikūnydama disciplininiuose aparatuose. Deleuze’as disciplinos visuomenės teorijai priešpriešina savąją kontrolės visuomenės sampratą: priešingai nei disciplininė galia, kuri buvo ilgalaikė, visa apimanti, tačiau netolydi, kontrolė sukuria tolydų ir nuolat kintantį galios tinklą, kuris apraizgo visas žmogaus veiklos sferas.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: socialinės mašinos, valstybės aparatas, karo mašina, disciplinos visuomenė, kontrolės visuomenė.Critique of Social Institutions in Gilles Deleuze’s and Felix Guattari’s PhilosophyAudronė Žukauskaitė SummaryThe article discusses Deleuze’s and Guattari’s notions of society and state. In Anti-Oedipus, Deleuze and Guattari analyze the territorial, despotic and capitalist machines which are seen not as different stages of historical evolution but as different types of an abstract machine. In A Thousand Plateaus Deleuze and Guattari develop the mechanistic notion of the state: the state – form is an abstract machine or a diagram which can be actualized in different historical state forms. The state – form is juxtaposed to another type of assemblage called the nomadic war machine. If the state-form functions as a principle of unification and standardization, the war machine is seen as a principle of metamorphic transformations and innovations. Deleuze and Guattari’s theories of society and state are compared with Michel Foucault’s mechanistic notion of society. Deleuze contrasts his notion of control society to the notion of discipline society by Foucault. If the mechanisms of discipline are discontinuous and function in precise space areas, the mechanisms of control produce continuous and all-encompassing networks which totally merge with our corporeal existence.Keywords: social machines, state apparatus, war machine, discipline society, control society.
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Budd, John M. "A Critique of Customer and Commodity." College & Research Libraries 58, no. 4 (July 1, 1997): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.58.4.309.
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For some good reasons, academic librarians see library users as customers, and library materials and access as commodities. However, there are some problems with the focus on consumerism and commodification. This paper examines a number of writings that advocate a customer service approach and the attendant view of library materials and access as commodities. The examination is informed by a substantial body of thought that addresses questions relating to customers and commodities in light of some cultural, social, and intellectual concerns. There are some problems, which are discussed in detail, with the popularly held notions of library users as customers and of library services as commodities.
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Жарковская and T. Zharkovskaya. "Organization of Integrative Lessons As a Way of Realization of Educational Potential of Humanitarian and Natural-Science Disciplines." Standards and Monitoring in Education 5, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_591c0063e6e5f4.32743144.
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The opportunity to fi ll with value component not only social subjects, but natural-science disciplines as well is examined in the article. The organization of integrative lessons is one of the ways to expand educational space of school disciplines. For organization of integrative lessons it’s necessary to go from those spheres of man’s interaction with surrounding environment, from those actual problems of life, which are value-motivated, aff ect moral categories and notions and still are not refl ected in the educational process. Some experience of searching of such value-motivated blocks, problems and organization of their presentation, study is given in the work.
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Dryzek, John S. "Complexity and Rationality in Public Life." Political Studies 35, no. 3 (September 1987): 424–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1987.tb00198.x.
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Increasing complexity in the contemporary world calls into question prevailing notions of rationality in public policy and political life. Even in their most refined forms, instrumental-analytic strategies of decision are inherently limited when confronted with complexity. Communicative rationality, rooted in the inter-subjective understanding of competent actors, could cope more effectively with complex social problems. By implication, political institutions grounded in instrumental rationality may be less effective than those providing for reasoned discourse among concerned actors.
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Мен Ян. "СУТНІСТЬ ПОНЯТТЯ «СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНА АДАПТАЦІЯ» ТА СПЕЦИФІКА ЇЇ ПРОЯВУ В ІНОЗЕМНИХ МАГІСТРАНТІВ − МАЙБУТНІХ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ ВОКАЛУ." World Science 1, no. 7(35) (July 12, 2018): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/12072018/6001.
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The essence of notion «socio-cultural adaptation» and peculiarities of its manifestation for foreign master degree students – prospective voice instructors. The article considers the education issues of the foreign artistic master degree students. The essence of notions «adaptation» and «socio- cultural adaptation» is analyzed; peculiarities of socio-cultural adaptation in the musical education field and the problems that are faced by Chinese students while mastering the specialty of voice instructor are revealed. Socio-cultural adaptation is considered as an active process which is realised in the unity of social and psychological adaptation of individual to its surroundings and through the self-perfection and development of one's potential which in its turn enables the implementation of reversed influence upon the social environment and the state of culture within society.Socio-cultural adaptation of foreign master degree students to artistic education within the new educational and social environment is realised through the particular organisation of pedagogical and inter-student communication, combination of new artistic interest with national and cultural requirements and tasks of preparation for future professional activity back at home country.
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Ossewaarde, Marinus R. R. "The New Social Contract and the Struggle for Sovereignty in the Netherlands." Government and Opposition 42, no. 4 (2007): 491–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2007.00233.x.
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AbstractOne of the recurring topics in the history of sovereign nation-states is the way in which national identity, and social and cultural differences are dealt with politically. In the Netherlands, that has always had a strong tradition of social citizenship, the government has recently responded to plural nationhood and its problems by turning to new concepts of citizenship. In this article, it is argued that notions of citizenship are, in the end, used to reinforce Dutch sovereignty by creating and maintaining national cohesion. The underlying assumption in public policy is that a strong sense of national citizenship that replaces the old model of social citizenship is the only way to reconcile differences and safeguard peace in contemporary post-industrial society. Three Dutch policy sectors – integration, welfare and child protection – are examined to see how these concepts have taken shape in public policy.
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Bates, Frank. "Some Impending Legal Problems for Social Workers." Children Australia 10, no. 4 (1986): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000016623.
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AbstractMany areas of the law with which social workers are required to deal are particularly dynamic and, in order to meet the challenges they present, it is necessary to look ahead. Developments in the United States often provide a useful means of predicting developments in Australia. The paper examines three areas, proceedings, social security law, and mental health – where change is becoming, or likely to become, apparent, in the first topic, there has been a marked change in both the issues with which the courts have had to deal and the methodology which they have adopted to attempt to resolve them. In social security law, decisions of the Administrative Tribunal have illustrated anomalies and deficiencies in the legislation, and social workers in their daily practice may notice others. All of that might well lead to a necessary review of the legislation. In the area of mental health legislation, a draft bill in Victoria contains a number of disquieting features which should cause social workers, as well as lawyers, concern. The paper concludes by noting that the legal relationship between social workers and the law has never been more subject to scrutiny in a wide variety of situations, and mutual respect between the two disciplines must continue to increase.
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Berggren, Åsa, and Ian Hodder. "Social Practice, Method, and Some Problems of Field Archaeology." American Antiquity 68, no. 3 (July 2003): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3557102.
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This article argues that the development of excavation field methods in archaeology is closely tied to the social position of fieldworkers. We also note disaffection in field contract archaeology today resulting from a wide range of factors, including the separation of excavation from interpretation. We argue that this separation and the notion that archaeological excavation can be seen as unskilled undermine the scientific basis of archaeology. A reflexive archaeology is discussed that empowers field archaeology by (a) focusing interpretation at the trowel's edge, (b) bringing multiple perspectives close to the moment of excavation, and (c) documenting the documentation process.
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Solomos, John. "Problems, But Whose Problems: The Social Construction of Black Youth Unemployment and State Policies." Journal of Social Policy 14, no. 4 (October 1985): 527–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400015014.
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ABSTRACTThe issue of black youth unemployment has become a central aspect of government race relations policies over the last few years, particularly in the aftermath of the 1981 street disturbances. This paper attempts to locate the various stages of response to this question, both at the level of ideology and of policy. It argues that although the policies pursued have been legitimized as helping young blacks, they have failed to mount an effective response to the employment crisis facing this group. In addition, it is argued that policies have tended to ignore the question of racism and to concentrate on the supposed cultural and personal handicaps which young blacks inherit from their cultural background. It concludes by questioning the ideology of equal opportunity, which is the core concept underlying government responses to racial discrimination, and argues for a more critical analysis of recent interventions premised on this notion.
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Baker, Carrie N. "Racialized Rescue Narratives in Public Discourses on Youth Prostitution and Sex Trafficking in the United States." Politics & Gender 15, no. 4 (November 28, 2018): 773–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x18000661.
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This article presents an analysis of how activists, politicians, and the media framed youth involvement in the sex trade during the 1970s, the 1990s, and the 2000s in the United States. Across these periods of public concern about the issue, similar framing has recurred that has drawn upon gendered and racialized notions of victimization and perpetration. This frame has successfully brought attention to this issue by exploiting public anxieties at historical moments when social change was threatening white male dominance. Using intersectional feminist theory, I argue that mainstream rhetoric opposing the youth sex trade worked largely within neoliberal logics, ignoring histories of dispossession and structural violence and reinforcing individualistic notions of personhood and normative ideas about subjectivity and agency. As part of the ongoing project of racial and gender formation in US society, this discourse has shored up neoliberal governance, particularly the build-up of the prison industrial complex, and it has obscured the state's failure to address the myriad social problems that make youth vulnerable to the sex trade.
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Verschueren, Alexandra. "FAST FORWARD? Reflections on fashion and modernity." Public Journal of Semiotics 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37693/pjos.2011.3.8836.
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This article starts from the striking obsession of the fashion world with innovation and change. Then a systematic attempt is made to relate this feature to the notions of modernity, modernism, and post-modernity. An exploration of these notions in relation to each other leads to a description of the position of fashion in the economy, in a world imbued with social status and politics, in the sphere of individuality and individual needs, and in the context of art and culture. A complex picture emerges in which the artistic and practical problems faced by a designer can be summarized in the following question: what can be made how and where in a sufficiently creative and innovative way, appealing to people’s ambivalent needs for identity, conformity, and individual self-expression, and producible in an affordable and ethical manner?
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Börcsök, Endre, Zoltán Ferencz, Veronika Groma, Ágnes Gerse, János Fülöp, Sándor Bozóki, János Osán, Szabina Török, and Ákos Horváth. "Energy Supply Preferences as Multicriteria Decision Problems: Developing a System of Criteria from Survey Data." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 3767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153767.
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Decision support techniques have a key role in investment and strategic decisions in the energy sector. As complex decision-making problems involve the simultaneous consideration of an extensive set of different factors, it is an essential part of the methodology to define, structure, and integrate the criteria. The main purpose of the study was to develop a system of criteria and weights that are suitable for general application in the energy sector and can best describe the decision-making mechanisms present in society and various social groups. When developing the system of criteria, we moved away from the hierarchical approach related to the three pillars of sustainability; therefore, a wide range of notions were assessed based on a population representative survey data collected in Hungary. We used algebraic methods to explore the internal structure of the set of criteria that had been previously defined by means of social sciences, while the importance weights were specified by applying the method of analytic network process. Furthermore, the ranking of heating and electricity generation alternatives were determined.
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Wood, Andy. "Social Conflict and Change in the Mining Communities of North-West Derbyshire, c. 1600–1700." International Review of Social History 38, no. 1 (April 1993): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000111769.
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SummaryIncreased demand for lead on both domestic and international markets spurred on technological and organizational innovation in Derbyshire's lead mining industry. Population expanded due to immigration into the mining areas, and problems of poverty and proletarianization were created as the traditional small producers were marginalized by new capitalized mineworkings owned by aristocrats, merchants and gentlemen. Social conflict intensified over the ownership of mining rights; in particular, this dispute revolved around popular and élite notions of property and legality. This conflict engendered new forms of popular resistance and provides evidence of a language of class in the seventeenth century. The eighteenth century saw the marginalization of the independent free miner, but memories of lost liberties conditioned the class consciousness of Derbyshire's new working class at the end of the century.
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Kamin, Tanja, and Thomas Anker. "Cultural capital and strategic social marketing orientations." Journal of Social Marketing 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-08-2013-0057.
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Purpose – The article aims to illuminate this issue by applying the cultural capital theory to the processes of health production and distribution. It questions social marketing’s role in addressing cultural resources as barriers to and/or facilitators of behavioural change. Social marketing is often criticized for its limited ability to enhance social goals and for aiding the reproduction of social inequalities. Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical framework of this conceptual paper is based on the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of human capital forms. It establishes an association between cultural capital and social marketing in solving social problems. Findings – All social marketing interventions affect cultural resources that people might use in the field of health. The findings endorse the utilization of cultural capital as a strategic analytical tool in social marketing. Practical implications – The article demonstrates how Bourdieu’s capital theory can be applied to help social marketers make important strategic decisions. In particular, it argues that using specific notions of embodied cultural capital and objectified cultural capital can inform decisions on adopting a downstream, midstream or upstream approach. Originality/value – A relatively neglected concept in the social marketing field is introduced: cultural capital. It aims to contribute to the theoretical debate with regard to strategic social marketing orientations.
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Campagnaro, Cristian, and Marco D’Urzo. "Social Cooperation as a Driver for a Social and Solidarity Focused Approach to the Circular Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 10145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810145.
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The circular economy (CE) is currently a very widespread paradigm aimed at addressing the climate crisis. However, its notions seem often to be only focused on technical, industrial and economic growth-centric goals, without practically addressing social problems such as inequality and social exclusion. In this context, type B social cooperation (SC-B) emerges in the Italian context as a type of organisation explicitly aiming at addressing social issues. It has historically fulfilled this mandate by pioneering, among others, “circular” processes in the field of waste management. In doing so, it has consolidated a high level of organizational and management capacity, which has made it an exemplary model capable of innovating the CE discourse and including marginalized people while delivering high-quality environmental services. Through evidence gathered integrating different methods and sources (interviews with social cooperatives, literature review, case study research on filed actions), this paper aims to offer a reading of SC-B as a driver for promoting a social turn of CE and local development. Moving beyond waste management and towards waste reuse, SC-B could play an active role in creating local and regional waste transformation and upcycling chains, capable of creating new employment and inclusion opportunities as well as reducing environmental impacts by processing wastes directly in the territory, shortening their treatment chain.
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Lima Neto, Fernando. "Power and Culture: The Cultural Foundations of Brazilian Sociology." Cultural Sociology 14, no. 1 (February 6, 2020): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975519885470.
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In this article, I analyse how Brazilian sociology articulates the relationship between culture and power, which is one of the central problems of cultural sociology. I analyse two theoretical traditions, culturalism and institutionalism, which traverse different areas of Brazilian sociology. Broadly speaking, the approach of culturalism takes culture as a dimension that structures power relations (culture over power), while institutionalism considers that the structure lies in the institutionalised power relations that produce the cultural codes of political culture (power over culture). I conceive of political culture as an expression of an Ethos, and show how it is considered either as a cause or an effect of the historical nation building process. In Brazilian sociology, the notions of culture and power pose a permanent interpretational challenge for both classical and contemporary scholars. This makes the discussion about the relationship between culture and power a key element in understanding past and present historical processes in Brazil. I seek to understand the variations of meaning regarding these notions and their implications for Brazilian sociology. In this sense, this article is a cultural sociology of cultural sociology in Brazil, or, in other words, an analysis of the cultural foundations of Brazilian sociology.
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Perkins, Stephen J. "The social construction of executive remuneration in the UK." Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 4, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joepp-01-2017-0001.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reflect theoretically on a quarter-century of attempts to codify “best practice” standards related to oversight of and reporting on executive remuneration. Issues around the regulation of UK executive remuneration are analysed focussing on decision making by elite actors, informed by corporate governance codification artefacts and theoretical considerations inspired by notions of the social construction of reality. Design/methodology/approach Using documentary materials to trace evolution of executive remuneration regulation in the UK, consideration is given to the social antecedents of processes governing corporate board remuneration committee practices. The paper reconstructs the social construction of the UK Corporate Governance Code and draws on relevant theoretically inclined literature to help make sense of processes involved. Findings Shaping the problems, to be addressed as “legitimate problems”, is core to efforts intended to create “persuasive narratives” around how UK executive remuneration should be regulated. Research limitations/implications The paper sketches an agenda for subsequent empirical “field” investigation to assess the social antecedents of UK executive remuneration outcomes. Practical implications Offering an alternative way of thinking about executive reward and on-going controversy as to how it may be legitimately regulated, informed by contextual considerations. Originality/value A novel look at executive remuneration from a social construction of reality perspective. Adding value to public debate on organisational effectiveness at a time of warnings from luminaries such as the Bank of England governor about the adverse social impact of “stateless companies” and calls for action against unfairness in income distribution.
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Wiggins, David. "Languages as Social Objects." Philosophy 72, no. 282 (October 1997): 499–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100062380.
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1. There is a tendency nowadays for linguists, philosophers and other theorists of language, to dismiss the notion of an object like the English language or the Polish language as simply mythological or mythopoeic—as of no interest to any serious science of language. Some theorists even appear to deny that there are such things as languages (in the plural). ‘This notion [of a public language] is unknown to empirical inquiry and raises what seem to be irresolvable problems’, Chomsky said in a lecture he gave recently in London (1994).
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Bishop, Ryan, and John W.P. Phillips. "Language." Theory, Culture & Society 23, no. 2-3 (May 2006): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276406062571.
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In this article we outline the ways in which questions of language have both revealed problems with conceptions of knowledge and suggested constructive ways of addressing those problems. Having examined the limitations of instrumental notions of language, we outline some alternatives, especially those developed from the middle of the 19th and throughout the 20th century. We locate forceful and influential philosophical interventions in the writings of Nietzsche and Heidegger and foundational revisions in the linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and his structuralist inheritors. We also chart the parallel path of literary theory from Mallarmé through Blanchot and poststructuralism to deconstruction. We conclude, after making some observations about the politicization of language in the works of feminist and postcolonial theorists, with some remarks about how the question of language helps to problematize global knowledge.
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Ortega, Jaime. "¿PROLETARIADO SIN CABEZA O CUERPO SOCIAL DOMESTICADO? NOTAS PARA UNA LECTURA CRÍTICA DEL ENSAYO DE JOSÉ REVUELTAS." Revista de la Academia 28 (November 27, 2019): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25074/0196318.0.1186.
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El presente texto es una aproximación crítica al Ensayo sobre un proletariado sin cabeza de José Revueltas. A partir de las indicaciones metodológicas heredadas por Louis Althusser en su tratamiento de El Capital y de las nociones de posición idealista y posición materialista, se reconstruye el contenido del Ensayo. En el interior de este, se denota la coexistencia de estas dos posiciones: la idealista que remite a una filosofía de la historia y la materialista, que aborda los problemas específicos de una coyuntura. Finalmente, se apuntala una lectura crítica, en donde la noción de “proletariado de cabeza” debe ser repensada en el conjunto de la historia del movimiento obrero en México y de su relación con el Estado. Las breves conclusiones sólo son pie para pensar el entramado en el que se juega la historia del marxismo.
Palabras clave: Revueltas, proletariado, idealismo, materialismo, El Capital.
PROLETARIATE WITHOUT HEAD OR DOMESTICATED SOCIAL BODY? NOTES FOR A CRITICAL READING OF ESSAY DE JOSÉ REVUELTAS
This text is a critical approach to José Revuelta's Essay on a headless proletariat. From the methodological indications inherited from Louis Althusser in his treatment of Das Kapital and the notions of idealist and materialist position, this paper reconstructs the content of the Essay. In his interior, the coexistence of these two positions is denoted: the idealist that refers to a philosophy of history and the materialistic one, which addresses the specific problems of a conjuncture. Finally, underpinned in his critical reading, the notion of “head of the proletariat” rethink the history of the labour movement in Mexico and its relationship with the State. The brief conclusions are only foot to think about the framework, which played the history of Marxism.
Keywords: Revueltas, proletariat, idealism, materialism, The Capital.
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Mower, Deborah S. "Reflections on . . . Nudges Across the Curriculum." Teaching Ethics 17, no. 2 (2017): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tej2017121252.
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The primary problem we face when educating for social justice involves making problems and issues ‘real’ in ways that enable deep comprehension of the nature of injustice, the effects of systemic and dynamic causes, and the interaction of structures and policies on the lives of individuals. To address this problem, I examine work from behavioral economics and moral psychology as theoretical resources. I argue that we can glean insights from the notions of behavioral nudges and virtue labeling and propose a new account of nudges, which I call experiential nudges. Experiential nudges provide an important mechanism in educating for social justice, in particular, and can be extended within moral education more broadly.
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Vikhreva, G. M., and O. P. Fedotova. "Problems of forming the library stock in the context of axiological philosophy." Bibliosphere, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2017-2-12-16.
Full textAbstract:
The paper considers mechanisms of extrapolating the axiological function on the library stock formation and creating its concept of values. The author show the latter influence upon the criterion system of primary and secondary selection, on correlation of the hybrid stock elements. Regularities of the library transformation in the electronic epoch - how the information-technological progress predetermines changes in the library paradigm of values - are exposed. This new library philosophy is being created on the cross-road of a series of sciences. Its aim is reflexive comprehension of the library role in economic, cultural and technological progress of the community, in socialization and creative development of a person, harmonizing social relations. The empiric base and starting point of generalized notions about the sphere of librarianship activities is the whole complex of all forms of social consciousness: science, policy, law, economy, moral, art and so on. Library axiology, which is a perspective direction of librarianship, is being developed successfully in the new philosophy frames. As this axiological function is inherent to the library essence mainly, it's revealed in each of so called «inner», system forming functions, such as: information-analytical, memorial, etc. Interacting with technological processes of library service and collections formation the axiological function also favors the development of various applied functions - educational, cognitive, enlightening ones and others.