Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nouakchott'
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Ould, Sidi Mohamed. "Urbanisation et suburbanisation à Nouakchott." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA070141.
Full textDiagana, Isyakha. "Croissance urbaine et dynamique spatiale à Nouakchott." Lyon 2, 1993. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/1993/diagana_i.
Full textIn 1958, Nouakchott (until then an ordinary village) was chosen to hold the political and administratve structures of the future independent state of Mauritania. Nouakchott has since continued to grow in importance, attracting populations from the country. It is today the economic an political hub of the Mauritania. This thesis examines the problems arising from the massive rural-urban exodus that has multiplied the population of nouakchott lany-fold in just three decades and the desorderly urbanisation that has come in its wake. Part one assesses population growth since 1958, especially as a consequence of the drought that has plagued the whole of the sahel region these last two decades+ part two analyses available infrastructure and installations. The objective is to come up with a typology of urban space as well as a better understanding of mechanisms underlying the creation of these new urban spaces. Using the example of two of the most districts in the town, part three examines the problems of unemployment and urban transportation in Nouakchott
Lindgren, Johan, and Viktor Dahl. "Mellan Nouakchott och Antananarivo : Afrika och demokratin." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Social and Political Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1447.
Full textThe purpose of this essay is on the one hand to study Sub-Saharan Africa from a comparative perspective to analyze different explanations to democratization and on the other hand to compare the democratization of the most interesting cases found. To fulfil the purpose, the essay is divided into a quantitative and a qualitative part. The quantitative part starts from four different theories of democratization and thus has a deductive theory testing approach. We intend to use four theories: the modernization theory, the theory of stable institutions as a prerequisite for democratization, political culture and ethnic diversity as an obstacle for democratization, to test how they correspond with the democratic situation in Africa, and at the same time find deviant cases. The second part of the study takes its start from an inductive perspective and examines institutions and citizens of the deviant cases. We have found that the stable institutions indicator and the socioeconomic indicators are the ones out of our indicators that best can explain democratization in Sub-Saharan Africa. The quantitative study also reveals two cases that are democracies although they do not follow the general patterns of democratization. Our research concludes that the most striking resemblance between our deviant cases, Benin and Mali, is that they have both developed stable institutions. This could be one reason why they have managed to democratize despite their harsh conditions.
Diagana, Isyakha Mutin Georges. "Croissance urbaine et dynamique spatiale à Nouakchott." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1993/diagana_i.
Full textHont, Olivier d'. "Les Kebe de Nouakchott : contribution à l'étude de la sédentarisation en milieu urbain de populations nomades sinistrées." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H042.
Full textOuld, Kebd Yahya. "Nouakchott, entre la déconcentration et la décentralisation, des origines à nos jours." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32024.
Full textNouakchott arose ex-nihilo as a capital city of a country which, regarding its particular trajectory, was very seduced by the former colonial power's model. The city illustrates the worry of the public authorities to find an appropriate administrative framework aiming to meet the needs of the populations. But they have never really succeeded in achieving an appropriate formula that fits the local sociological context. The numerous formulas attempted since independence in order to improve the way of administering the city have, unfortunately, not allowed to draw this Mauritanian metropolis from its state of structural underdevelopment. The misfortune of these different experiences is primary due, to a static conception of local governance which, must from now on, be radically changed both in its foundations and in its style, so that the couple (decentralisation-décencontration) re-find its role as a viable mean of organisation of Nouakchott allowing to this city to make its takeoff which was so longer waited
Isselmou, Ould Ahmedou. "Développement du système de qualité environnementale et sanitaire de la distribution de l'eau potable à Nouakchott (Mauritanie)." Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS026.
Full textNouakchott, the Mauritanian capital, has an exceptional growth of the population, these brutal demographic trends generated a fast expansion of occupied space and a strong pressure on the social equipments and basic infrastructures, in particular for drinking water. In our work we present : 1st An inventory of features of the quantity (resources) and quality of fresh waters distributed in Nouakchott ; 2nd The factors increasing the vulnerability of the water such as :the lack of generalization of the network of provisioning : - which particularly limits the water resource for peripheral districts and this is accentuated by the weakness of pressure of the network, -which leads to the contamination of terminal fountains (determined by bacterial enzymatic methods in water as total coliforms and faecal indicators) according to analyses carried out on various points of distribution and inquiries made in the targeted areas of our study. -3rd Factors suitable for the evolution of the risks of contamination of water and for reduction of propagation of epidemiologic diseases as cholera or other waterborne diseases, due to the lack of generalization of the network for treatment in the city and the use of individual means of treatment (domestic latrines, septic tanks. . . ). This work carried out the development and proposal of a system of environmental management and health quality improvement of distribution of water in this city involving the different operators of the network and the public authorities. The original approach of this work brings a better quality of distribution network, linked to a HACPP development which allows to optimise the resource usage and the quality of water, by structural measures and increasing of ad hoc structures. In fact, this work gives practical and theoretical advance. This approach has scarcely been used for such large towns in Africa, and brings a method for sustainable resources using
Thiam, Mahamadou. "The Idea of Planning: A Case Study of Nouakchott, Mauritania." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190239.
Full textVoletti, Sylvain. "Aspects épidémiologiques du paludisme à Nouakchott, République islamique de Mauritanie." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P211.
Full textDiagana, Yakhoub. "Mobilité quotidienne et intégration urbaine à Nouakchott : des difficultés d'accès aux transports urbains à l'expérimentation des stratégies d'adaptation." Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551660/fr/.
Full textNouakchott is one of the sub-region capital cities which has undergone, in the last decades, the most important demographic growth as well as an excessive spatial development of its urban territory. These extensive changes occurred with such speed that they did not allow enough time to adjust to the Government and they put a serious strain on the local authorities’ efforts in urban planning in general, in the creation of infrastructure and public facilities, but also in the delivery of basic services. In this context of widespread inadequacy, travelling distances stretch out and the urban transport system cannot cope with the difficulty of offering a fair service of the territory in a perspective of urban integration of the neighborhoods so as to keep pace with the development of the urban perimeter. As a consequence, the needs for mobility are increasingly important and the demands for public transportation are less and less satisfied. As a result, the daily mobility in Nouakchott has become a major source of hassle and the most exposed population to this inadequacy of public transport are the people who live in the poorest neighborhoods situated the farther away from the city center. So as to study the consequences both of the insufficiency in transport offer and of the lack of solutions to the population’s conditions of mobility, a household survey was conducted with families belonging to two communities in the Nouakchott area (El Mina and Riyad). The results of this survey show that these insufficiencies, far from enticing people to remain within their perimeter to perform daily activities in their own neighborhood, encourage them to experience strategies of adaptation which will favor mobility. Indeed, when the household income does not allow permanent access to the means of transport for each member of the family, then it works in a priority order. In this mechanism, the importance of the reason for the travel and the distance are the main criteria taken into account by the family to decide which member needs the most to benefit from the means of transport. In addition to this strategy of selective access to transportation, walking constitutes an alternative way of solving the problem of lack of solutions and lack of offer in public transports. In conclusion, confronted to spatial relegation and peripheral marginalization, it seems that the inhabitants do everything possible to avoid being placed in territorial isolation and to have access to urban integration in due form
Mint, Bah Nagi Aminetou. "Les systèmes d'information géographiques au service de l'eau et de l'environnement : application à la Mauritanie." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5665.
Full textThe contributions of the geographical information systems are essential for a developing country like Mauritania where the scarcity and the ignorance of the natural resources are still large. We understand thus that any action in this country becomes highly necessary for the hydrous development. This study, after having examined the problems of water in Mauritania (scarcity of the water resources, needs increasing (especially in the Nouakchott capital), etc. ) treated evolution of the physicochemical characteristics thanks to the setting in work of one geographical information system and with a set of physicochemical and geographical data on water of drillings of three areas of Mauritania : Brakna “05” (located geologically in the field of the chain of Mauritanides), Trarza “06” and Dakhlet Nouadhibou “08” (located geologically in the field of the coastal basin). Indeed, fusion and the application geographical and numerical information of various origins made it possible to define the quality of water of drillings of these three particularly populated areas, to better understand the evolutionary mechanisms of the hydro chemical characteristics, to determine the zones most vulnerable to pollution and to define the of extension possibilities of the aquifers in this zone of study where brackish water is tangent with fresh waters, water turbides mixes with limpid water and pollution threatens their purity at any moment
Aloueimine, Sidi. "Méthodologie de caractérisation des déchets ménagers à Nouakchott (Mauritanie) : contribution à la gestion des déchets et outils d'aide à la décision." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/ffe351b5-a362-46ac-853d-f0b360d72202/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0004.pdf.
Full textThis research work is a contribution to decision-making in waste management in Mauritania which provides the reference data on the characterization of the household refuse, which constitutes more than 90 % of the total urban solid waste generated daily in Nouakchott. This study also proposes a low coast and adapted to the local context methodology for characterization of waste. Specifically, this novel method allows quantification and characterization of household waste generation without data loss due to failure to account for local waste reuse practices during collection or transportation. The study addressed household solid waste production at three different income levels (low, medium and high) during two distinct seasons (dry and humid). Thus obtained ratios are the principal parameters regarding waste management. Their monitoring according to the changes in the life method and the behaviours of the populations is the basis of any perennial strategy of management and treatment of the refusal. Thus, the methodological approach of sampling used in this study to determine the size of sample of waste to sort is defined by the daily production of household waste from the population by standing satisfying a confidence level of 95 %. This study allowed identifying the principal tendencies of the household waste in Nouakchott. This can allow helping the local decision-makers to optimise the choice of the management strategy of the flows. Characterized by a density of 410 kg/m3 and a low moisture of 11 %, because of the valorisation of the organic fraction on the households level, it is generated each day 0,35 kg per capita of which only 60 % by weight (0,21 kg per capita per day) is evacuated and must be managing by the municipality. The installation and the organization of a system of valorisation of certain categories of waste would allow reducing by half the masses of refuse to landfill. The significant combustibles rate (54 %) and low moisture are an asset for any treatment of this waste by incineration with a NCV of 2652 kcal/kg
Leksono, Bambang-Edhi. "Evolution urbaine du district de Nouakchott (Mauritanie) A l'aide d'images spot multidates." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE2003.
Full textThe process of uncontrolled development within urban areas in the most of developing countries generate plenty of the serious problems. These problems will concern to urban planning and the developing infrastructures. The evolution speed of urban growth and the lack of tools available to control development in general for most of developing countries, require some methodes rapid for analysing the urban information with low cost achievement. The mauritanie has been the one of ten territories in this part of the world which highly urbanised with the growth rate of urban population was more than 10% per year for last two decade. In order to control or monitor the urbanisation rapid on this district, the survey of urban evolution has been done since the year of 1980 to 1992. This urban evolution was well monitored by using spot image panchromatic multidates between 1987-1992 and also the use of digitised topographic map of ign 1980. The methods used are the integration of image processing system for remotely sensed data and the geographic information system (gis) in order to be able to apply globally on the spatially referenced information system. The images processing analysis allows to extract some urban informations of each stage of the urban evolution in geographical data base, and by analysing the different stages of urban growth, we could apply certain model to locate the suitable zones for urbanisation. The results of this research were the thematic maps which allow to analyse the evolutions of urban area occupation environment within this district of nouakchott between 1980 and 1992. By using this results, it could be used for urban planning considerartions and decisions
Taviche, Imad Khalil. "Pathologie des remblais routiers en milieux arides : cas de l'axe routier Nouakchott-Nouadhibou." Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0012.
Full textThe phenomenon of fissuring of roads in Mauritania has always worried Mauritanian authorities which consider it as a harmful element that badly influences the country’s development. Cracks are damages witch regrettably affect all types of roads structures during their life cycle. But when road degradation is premature (case of the Nouakchott-Nouadhibou (NKC-NDB) road built at the end of 2006), we have to try, at first, to discover and to understand the main causes of this premature degradation and, then, to determine one strategy to avoid and/ or minimize this phenomenon in such a developing country as Mauritania which financial means are limited. The aim of this research work is to notice, to analyze and finally to try to answer tens of questions that engineers ask concerning the pathologies observed along the road (NKC-NDB), in particular, on the section of the set 2. Let us cite tow among these questions : Is there any relationship between the base layer which is conceived with local materials with shells and the occurring of these cracks? Granulometry, Porosity, etc. . . Why do we observe cracks with certain places and not with the others on the section of the set 2 ? To deal with this complex phenomenon, the approach consisted at first in making surveys in situ of the state of the road, analyzing the numerous expertise documents established during period 2004-2005 and finally proceeding to a recognition in situ followed by an experimental campaign, in particular, after sinister flood of September 2009. The results of these analyses show that the inflated sand can be used as basic layer under certain conditions, without neglecting the earth quality support which, in that case, is silt which showed disposition to collapsing during flood
Thénot, Aurélie. "Modèles de données pour l'appréhension et la gestion des risques à Nouakchott (Mauritanie) - Une capitale contre vents et marées." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288430.
Full textAbou, Dagga Nader. "Apport de la télédétection optique pour l'évaluation des risques naturels : cas de Nouakchott. Mauritanie." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0371.
Full textOuld, Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed Lemine. "Le transect de Nouakchott à Néma : un substratum pour le développement de la Mauritanie." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3037.
Full textKane, Hélène. "Négocier la guérison du petit malade : configurations d’enfance et accessibilité des soins à Nouakchott (Mauritanie)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0643.
Full textDespite the wide array of medical facilities in Nouakchott, access to healthcare and treatment for child patients constitutes a major public health issue. Rather than measuring the respective importance of a predetermined series of factors, the anthropological approach focuses on the sociocultural settings which affect access to care. The environments in which children evolve over the course of their illness must be understood both at a local and a global level. In this perspective, this dissertation outlines the cases of about twenty sick children, documented through interviews with the children and their parents. Complementary to these, interviews with grandmothers, an ethnography of urban therapeutic pluralism and formalized observations in pediatric wards were also conducted. The identification of children’s illnesses, formulated from popular knowledge associated with mothering practices and nosological representations, is studied among the Haal Pulaar. Conjugal models and kinship relations permit composite variations between urban and rural environments, as well as those of affluence or of poverty. These different family configurations not only affect the children’s possibility to express themselves about their ailments or pain, but also the decisional power of the mothers when seeking care. We then consider how the families evolve within spaces of therapeutic pluralism, perceiving healthcare options through the prism of their experience and their mobility. The unequal distribution of the medical offer, its lack of control and transparency, contribute to the isolation of certain children, who are limited to informal, underqualified home care. Finally, we examine the healthcare in pediatric wards where admission does not necessarily ensure systematic healthcare and treatment delivery. The cost of medical acts and treatment, operational norms and procedures, and the organization of medical work form a discriminating and selective framework for care. Confronted with the difficulties to access care, using their economic and social resources, family members and relatives strive to negotiate the therapeutic itinerary of their child. The analysis of the singular and temporary trajectories that result from these negotiations will elucidate the construction of social inequalities of health and healthcare
Seneh, Khadijetou. "SYSTEME TERRITORIAL ET DEVELOPPEMENT : Impact de la route Nouakchott-Nouadhibou sur le Parc National du Banc d'Arguin." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00707044.
Full textChoplin, Armelle. "Fabriquer des villes capitales entre monde arabe et Afrique noire : Nouakchott (Mauritanie) et Khartoum (Soudan), étude comparée." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419957.
Full textOULD, DJEGUE MOHAMED OULD AHMED. "La qualite des eaux d'alimentation dans des quartiers a forte urbanisation de la ville de nouakchott (mauritanie)." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5387.
Full textSeneh, Khadijetou. "Système territorial et développement : impact de la route Nouakchott-Nouadhibou sur le Parc National du Banc d'Arguin." Le Havre, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEHA0002.
Full textThe question of transport infrastructures construction is often associated to the issue of territory development policies, especially in developing countries. In a country as Mauritania, immense, arid and mainly inhabited by nomads, transport and mobility constitute a major issue for everyday life. The opening in 2004 of the Nouakchott-Nouadhibou road not only takes on geostrategic, political and socioeconomic dimensions, but also has impacts at three levels: international, national and local. Furthermore, the road gives structure to the Mauritanian space, linking up the two national economic and political capitals. The road lies within the framework of great trans-African road projects, reason of its importance in terms of regional integration. At the local scale, the road runs along the eastern border of the Banc d’Arguin National Park (PNBA). Our surveys’ findings show that this road has brought about organizational changes structured around the question of accessibility. On the one hand, the road has increased the movements of persons inside the protected area (fishermen, herders, sub-Saharan migrants, tourists, etc. ) and at the same time it has accentuated the sedentarization process at the PNBA peripheries, which remains difficult to manage. On the other hand, it has made easier for the local population the access to social services (health, water and education) and to markets. This new spatial dynamic, inside a territory normally dedicated to Nature conservation, is both considered as a source of environment damaging and as a way of socioeconomic development. This contradiction reveals the difficulty to dissociate the “negative” impact of transport on environment from the “positive” one on human living conditions. It also sheds new light on the difficulty to manage the degree of opening and closing of a protected area. In this research, space is apprehended in its social, mental and natural dimensions. In other words, the thesis explores the different fields of public policies, actors’ representations and practices, without forgetting the physical field which constitutes the support of actions
Diagana, Yakhoub. "Mobilité quotidiennne et intégration urbaine à Nouakchott : des difficultés d'accès aux transports urbains à l'expérimentation des stratégies d'adaptation." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551660.
Full textOULD, ELMOUSTAPHA AHMED. "Influence d'un ouvrage portuaire sur l'equilibre d'un littoral soumis a un fort transit sedimentaire l'exemple du port de nouakchott (mauritanie)." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN2069.
Full textRousset, Olivier. "Amibiase intestinale et ses associations parasitaires et bacteriennes diagnostiquees au centre hospitalier national de nouakchott, d'octobre 1989 a novembre 1991." Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR15030.
Full textOuld, Mohamed Sidi Mohamed. "L'évolution de la pêche en Mauritanie depuis l'indépendance à nos jours (1960-2009)." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00566283.
Full textPouillaude, Agnès. "Gouvernance, institutions et développement des micro-entreprises : le cas de la Mauritanie." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40013.
Full textWu, Weicheng. "Application de la géomatique au suivi de la dynamique environnementale en zones arides : exemple de la région de Nouakchott en Mauritanie, du Ningxia nord et du Shaanxi nord en Chine du nord-ouest." Paris 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011113.
Full textCarvalheira, Raquel Alves Neves Gil. ""Aproximar os homens e as culturas" : etnicidade e discursos sobre a cultura no universo associativo de Nouakchott Mauritânia." Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/290.
Full textEsta dissertação analisa os discursos sobre a cultura em associações juvenis de carácter cultural em Nouakchott, Mauritânia. Neste país-fronteira, entre o mundo árabe e o mundo negro, o Estado potenciou, ao longo da história do país, formas de discriminação étnica e racial. Os membros associativos aclamam, no entanto, a diversidade cultural que se converteu numa forma de expressão e de tradução das diferenças étnicas. As grandes agências internacionais como a UNESCO fomentam e financiam associações que defendam a diversidade cultural, que é promovida como factor de desenvolvimento. Este discurso é interpretado localmente e é através de actividades artísticas, como o teatro e o cinema, entendidas como linguagens transversais a todas as culturas que se propõem a suplantar os desentendimentos e as descontinuidades culturais da sua realidade social. Estas actividades expressam a diversidade cultural ao mesmo tempo que são vistas pelos membros associativos como linguagens meta-culturais. Este trabalho introduz uma discussão sobre a instrumentalização da cultura em contexto mauritano e as ferramentas teóricas e metodológicas que melhor se aproximam a estas realidades sociais, habitualmente fora dos circuitos de debate sobre a multiculturalidade.
This dissertation analyzes discourses on culture among cultural youth associations in Nouakchott, Mauritania. In this borderline country, between the Arab and Black world, the Mauritanian State is historically responsible for the reinforcement of ethnic and racial discrimination. However, the associations' members defend the cultural diversity of the country, seen as a way of expressing and translating ethnic differences. Big international cooperation agencies like UNESCO promote and fund associations which defend cultural diversity as a means for development. This discourse is locally adjusted, and it is through artistic activities such as theatre or cinema, seen as languages shared by all cultures that these associations set out to overcome cultural disagreements and discontinuities. These activities become the expression of cultural diversity and, at the same time, are seen by members as metacultural languages. This study puts forth a discussion of the way culture is used and of the methodological and theoretical tools which can better address this social reality, which usually remains outside the debates on multiculturalism.
Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Ould. "Pobreza energética: o papel das energias tradicionais numa transição energética urbana : estudo de caso da cidade de Nouakchott (Mauritânia)." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/9206.
Full textOne fifth of world population (1.4 billion) lacks access to electricity and one third still rely on biomass for cooking (woodfuel, charcoal, agricultural remains and dung). Those are the victims of energy poverty who are located, almost all, in poor countries in Africa and Asia. This work discusses that issue in the context of an African capital-city (city of Nouakchott, Mauritania) in the western part of the Sahel region. A discussion was carried-out of the situation of the target population under a qualitative prism that goes opposite to mainstream for which the problem of poverty is reduced to indicators and indexes. The issue of traditional energies - the energy of the poorest - often neglected by the decision makers, is discussed and arguments usually used for that attitude being demystified. There are no renewable and financially accessible substitutes for these forms of energy to the poor, so ignoring the problem is not a solution. The well-known negative effects of burning biomass - for health, environment (GHG) and others - are not intrinsic to these sources of energy but they lay in the way these fuels are produced and used (poor carbonization and use of old-fashioned inefficient stoves). There is ample echo in the debate for this issue. The situation of domestic energy in Mauritania and the city of Nouakchott is discussed, from the social, cultural and economic angles, as well as the public policies of the last decades that aimed at an energy transition from charcoal (energy of the poor of the city) to LPG (cooking energy of less poor) and the lessons (not) learned questioned. The thesis advocates a rehabilitation of traditional energies out from their "quasi-illegal" situation and their inclusion in the strategies, policies and programs directed to domestic energy and within the framework of a local and global sustainability paradigm. In particular, and in our (urban) case, special attention is given to charcoal (cooking energy of the fifth of Nouakchott's households. Charcoal is suggested, under certain conditions of production and end-use – as the most suitable fuel to ensure the desired energy transition to more modern, clean and environmentally friendly source of energy. In this context, the work devotes part of the conclusions to practical proposals that could help to achieve this objective.