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1

Khamim, Muhamad. "IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS AND PHRASE EXPRESSIONS IN ”DIARY OF A WIMPY KID: THE LONG HAUL” FILM BY DAVID BOWERS." INFERENCE: Journal of English Language Teaching 5, no. 2 (December 14, 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/inference.v5i2.8703.

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<p>The aim of the research to find and classify types of Idiomatic Expressions and Phrase Expressions in “Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul” Film by David Bowers. In this research the researcher used qualitative approach, like analyze descriptive narration, a dialog or conversation. Meanwhile, for technique data research by content analysis research. The researcher used Lim’s theory to classify idiomatic expressions. In Lim’s theory there are 6 types of idioms, such as: idioms with phrasal verb, idioms with prepositional phrase, idioms with verbs as keyword, idioms with nouns as keyword, idioms with adjective as keyword, and idiomatic pairs. The result of this research showed that the film used 60 idiom expressions to express their feeling and thought. The researcher found 21 Phrasal Verbs, 19 Verb as Keywords, 8 Adjective as Keywords, 6 Noun as Keywords, 3 Prepositional Phrases and 3 Idiomatic pairs. The researcher used Ba’dulu’s theory to examine phrase expressions. In Ba’dulu’s theory there are 5 types of phrase, such as: noun phrase, verb phrase, prepositional phrase, adjective phrase, and adverb phrase. The result of this research showed that the film used 157 phrases. The researcher found 56 Noun Phrases, 48 Verb Phrases, 23 Prepositional Phrases, 18 Verb Phrases and 12 Adverb Phrases.</p><div> </div>
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Budiarta, I. Wayan, and Ni Wayan Kasni. "INDEFINITENESS AND DEFINITENESS IN WAIJEWA." Linguistik Indonesia 41, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/li.v41i1.348.

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In a language a noun phrase may be presented with an element to show whether the noun phrase definite or indefinite. Every language has its own way to show definite and indefinite, for example using certain words or attaching affixes on the nouns. Waijewa, a minority language in Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara differentiates the definite and indefinite noun phrase by attaching grammatical and morphological markers to denote definite and indefinite noun phrases. The indefinite noun phrases are ones with null markers and ones with article, while definite noun phrases are marked by the use of demonstratives, genitive case, and definite emphasizing markers. Demonstratives in Waijewa are object- distance-speaker –listener- oriented. The definiteness or indefiniteness of the nouns denoted can be anaphoric and cataphoric.
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Simanjuntak, Herlina Lindaria. "THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH NOUN PHRASE INTO INDONESIAN." Scope : Journal of English Language Teaching 4, no. 2 (June 27, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/scope.v4i2.6507.

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<p>Many Indonesian’s students face the difficulties in translating English noun phrase into Indonesian. English and Indonesia have different structure. Meanwhile, one of the important elements in building a sentence is noun phrase. English noun phrases have some possibilities of translation result from the source language (SL) into the target lagnuage, Indonesian (TL). Hence, the researcher does the research which is entitled The Translation of English Noun Phrase Into Idonesian. The aims of this research are to find out the translations of English noun phrases into Indonesian. This research uses qualitative method. The source of data is “Sidney Sheldon's Memory of Midnight” and its translated version, “Padang Bayang Kelabu”, by Budijanto T. Pramono. The result of this research shows that there are four categories of translating English noun phrases into Indonesian, namely English noun phrases translated using the word yang, Plural English noun phrases translated into singular, English noun phrases translated using the word, and Elnglish noun phrases which are not translated literally. The conclusion of this research also shows that the change in the form and orders of the nouns phrases which is a noun as the head and also the sequence of modifiers, meanwhile without changing its meanings.</p><p> </p>
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Agajie, Berhanu Asaye. "THE SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF AWGNI NOUN PHRASES." LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ling.v15i2.9079.

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The objective of this study is to examine the syntactic structure of Awgni Noun Phrases. The assumption of Labeling Algorithm {XP, H} is holding on, and a descriptive research design was employed to explore the intended objective. Data for this research were enriched by interviewing 12 native speakers of Awgni specializing in the proposed language. Through expert samplings, 20 Noun Phrases were selected and illustrated. Results showed that the Noun Phrases in Awgni could be formed out of the head Nouns all along through other lexical categories reminiscent of the Noun Phrases, Adjective Phrases, Verb Phrases, Determiner Phrases, and Adverb Phrases. These grammatical items were serving as dependents to the head Nouns. The head Nouns in Awgni are for all time right-headed. These heads are the only obligatory constituents, while the Phrasal categories are optional elements which could be either modifiers or complements to the head Nouns. In this regard, Labeling Algorithm explicitly chooses the contiguous Noun heads that are the label of the complete Syntactic Objects (SOs) anticipated for all Noun Phrase structures.
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Otgonsuren, Tseden. "Case Markers in Mongolian: A Means for Encoding Null Constituents in Noun Phrase and Relative Clause." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.1p.17.

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This paper focuses on the capacity of the case markers in the Mongolian language, as a relative element, to generate any finite noun phrase or relative clause based on their syntactic function or relationship. In Mongolian, there are two different approaches to generate noun phrases: parataxis and hypotaxis. According to my early observation, if the noun phrase generated through the parataxis, is the complement of the postpositional phrase, the head word of the relevant noun phrase can be truncated. In other words, since this head noun is governed by case marker in its null form to generate the postpositional phrase, the head noun can be encoded. The second approach generates two different types of noun phrases in their structures: free structured and non-free structured noun phrases. Of them, the free structured noun phrase allows any syntactic transformations in their internal structure based on the senses of the case markers which denote a relation. That is to say, the null constituents in this type of noun phrases can be encoded to generate an extended alternative of the noun phrase and a relative clause.
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Nurdiansyah, Egi, and Intan Satriani. "NOUN PHRASE ANALYSIS OF MAGAZINE ARTICLE “VIDEO GAMES … ARE GOOD FOR YOU?” BY GABRIEL J. ADAMS." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 4, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v4i1.p91-99.

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Understanding the text is one of the objectives of English study. Before understanding the complex sentence the basic skill that student need to master is to understand the phrases of each sentence. This article objectives are to give more understanding about noun phrases in magazine article to help student easy to understand the basic of English especially phrase. The reason writer choose noun phrase is the most commonly used phrase in the sentence is the noun phrase and the writer want to make the reader familiar with noun phrase. This article will analyze the magazine article with 22 sentences and also contains 66 noun phrases in it. Which the writer will determine the modifier every noun phrase in it. Therefore, mastering phrases is a key to become a fluent speaker of English. Keywords: Noun Phrases, Magazine Article
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7

Preda, Alina. "Modification versus Complementation in the Structure of English Noun Phrases." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 66, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2021.2.17.

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"Modification versus Complementation in the Structure of English Noun Phrases. Apart from its head, the core element around which all the other phrasal constituents cluster, the noun phrase may contain dependent elements effecting determination (which poses few taxonomical issues), modification or complementation (two functions notoriously difficult to demarcate). This article outlines the inconsistent ways in which reference grammars make the distinction between modification and complementation in the structure of English noun phrases, and offers a more unified approach aimed to solve the terminological quandary. Keywords: complementation, modification, premodifier, postmodifier, complement, the noun phrase "
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8

Studenikina, K. A. "Towards the feature identity for ellipsis in Russian: Evidence from noun phrases with coordinated adjectives." Rhema, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 28–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2953-2023-2-28-52.

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This paper deals with the problem of feature identity in Russian noun phrases with coordinated modifiers. The data from various languages shows that ellipsis allows mismatch of some morphological features for the elided and the spelled-out constituents while other features must match. The studies of Russian noun phrases with coordinated modifiers propose ellipsis analysis but does not determine the constraints on feature identity for the elide and the spelled-out noun. In this paper, we analyze the identity of such noun features as number and case by conducting a corpus study and a selfpaced acceptability experiment. The results demonstrate that the difference in number is unacceptable for conjuncts without numerals (singular vs. plural nouns) but acceptable with paucal and other numerals (numberless vs. plural nouns according to D. Pesetsky’s analysis). The noun number features mismatch in noun phrases without numeral, but number features in numeral phrases do not conflict. The coordination of a noun phrase without numeral and a numeral phrase is also unacceptable. While the nouns in both conjuncts are plural, the case is different (external case vs. genitive). Thus, the ellipsis in Russian noun phrases with coordinated modifiers requires the lack of number
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Pratama, Dimas Indra, and Arina Istianah. "Noun Phrases of Jace Wayland�s Utterances in Mortal Instruments: City of Bones." Journal of Language and Literature 17, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v17i2.747.

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A noun phrase is one of the important elements in building a sentence. Every noun phrase has its own head of the phrase. The structure of the noun phrase can be different according to the modification of the head. There are two kinds of modification to the head of the phrase: pre-modification and post-modification. The existence of the modifiers plays certain roles to the noun phrase. This article presents how the pre-modification affects the character in a literary work. Cassandra Clares Mortal Instruments: City of Bones was chosen as the work to observe. Stylistic approach is used in order to conduct this study. The data of the study is collected from the noun phrases found in one of the characters utterances, Jace Wayland. The analysis presented in this article covers the types of structure, distribution, and function of noun phrases. This study found several results of the analysis. First, there are seven types of noun phrase structure found in the utterances of Jace Wayland. Second, there are four main functions of a noun phrase in a clause: subject, object, prepositional complement, and predicative complement. Third, the noun phrases also have significant role in revealing the character of Jace Wayland: being descriptive and direct.Keywords: noun phrase, stylistics, pre-modification
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10

Akmal, Akmal, and Jamaluddin Nasution. "Noun Phrase In Minang Language." Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/aksara.7.3.1077-1086.2021.

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Phrase structure rules express the basic structural facts of the language in the form of “phrase markers”. This study discussed about the noun phrase in Minangkabau Language. The aim of this study is to find out the noun phrases of Minangkabau Language and how the noun phrases are used in the language. The used method is qualitative research design by interviewing the native speakers of Minangkabau by using the depth interview. the participants are the people who lived in Sukaramai Districts. They were born in Pariaman Districts and they are educated people who understand about the phrase structure.The researcher described the finding data more details. In this study, there are six noun phrase forms in Minangkabau Language and there is one unique form. The noun phrases are implicated in the daily activity of society. In fact, there was a unique noun phrase in Minang Language namely: Noun Phrase (NP) is N1 + sa + N2.
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11

Syafutri, Tania, Syafryadin Syafryadin, and Dedi Sofyan. "Error Analysis on Noun Phrase in Students’ Undergraduate Theses." ENGLISH FRANCA : Academic Journal of English Language and Education 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/ef.v6i2.4659.

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The aim of this research is (1) to analyze the components of noun phrase errors that are often made by students in the introduction parts of their undergraduate theses, (2) to analyze the types of noun phrase errors that are often made by students in the introduction parts of their undergraduate theses, (3) to find out the differences between noun phrase errors made students in the introduction parts of their undergraduate theses. The method used in this research was mix method. The instrument comprised observation and documentation. The result of this research was as follows: (1) the most dominant component of noun phrase error made by UPI and Unib students in the introduction parts was a head error, (2) the most dominant type of error in noun phrases made by UPI was addition error; however, the most dominant type of noun phrase errors among Unib students was omission error, (3) the number of noun phrase errors in Unib was higher than those in UPI. It is recommended that students improve their mastery of noun phrases, that lecturers teach students how to write the introduction well, specifically on noun phrases, and that next researchers investigate additional aspects of noun phrases.
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12

Kusumawardhani, Paramita, and Ani Rakhmanita. "A Syntactic Analysis of Noun Phrase through “Hansel and Gretel” Short Story To 1st Semester of Accounting Students at University of Bina Sarana Informatika." International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics (IJEAL) 2, no. 2 (August 4, 2022): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/ijeal.v2i2.1501.

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Languages all over the world have their own grammar for constructing words and their components. The aim of the research is to recognize, classify and analyze noun phrases by reading Hansel and Gretel short story. A noun phrase is a part of the syntax. The syntax is a part of Linguistics. It has meaningful elements together to form words, words together to form phrases, phrases together to form clauses, clauses together to form sentences, and sentences together to form texts. Noun phrase has some aspects; they are identifier, adjective, noun modifier, quantifier, preposition phrase, participle clause, conjunctions, and indefinite clause. Hansel and Gretel short story was used as the research instrument about noun phrases. The method used to do the research was descriptive qualitative. The participants of this research are the 1st semester of accounting students at the University of Bina Sarana Informatika. The results of this research are: there are 25 noun phrases, 16 noun phrases are about rules 1, determiner + headword, meanwhile 9 other noun phrases are about common noun phrase, found in Hansel and Gretel short story.
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Mutiara, Rika. "Modification of English Complex Noun Phrases: A Case Study of Native and Non-Native Writers." E-Structural 2, no. 01 (July 5, 2019): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/es.v2i1.2371.

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This study aims at examining differences of complex noun phrases written by Indonesian writers and English native writers in English academic prose particularly undergraduate students’ theses. The complex noun phrases were scrutinized based on how they were modified (Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad, & Finegan, 1999, pp.588-644). Corpus method that is concordance analysis of nouns was applied to identify the modifications. The data were taken from four undergraduate theses. Two of them were written by non-native writers and the others were produced by native writers. The differences cover some modifiers namely adverb (phrase) as premodifiers and postmodifiers, adjective (phrase) as postmodifiers, relativizers, prepositional phrases, appositives, and multiple modifiers whether premodifiers or postmodifiers. The differences occur might be caused by L1 interference such as in the use of adjective (phrase), adverb phrase, and reflexive pronoun as postmodifier. Non-native writers do not produce any adjective (phrase) and reflexive pronoun as postmodifiers. For multiple premodifiers and postmodifiers, differences occur in the form of the highest number of modifiers in the NPs and their types. In the long noun phrases, the non-native writers modified the nouns with a number of appositives. NPs written by native writers of English are more complex.
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Chaudron, Craig, and Kate Parker. "Discourse Markedness and Structural Markedness." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 12, no. 1 (March 1990): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100008731.

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This study investigates second language acquisition of English noun phrases in discourse, examining the effect of discourse markedness and structural markedness on the development of noun phrase use. English L2 noun phrase forms are examined within three universal discourse contexts: current, known, and new reference to topics. The targeted noun phrases forms include ø anaphora, pronouns and nouns with markers of definiteness and indefiniteness, including left dislocation and existential phrases. Based on expectedness within discourse, the least marked discourse context is reference to a current topic, and the most marked context is the introduction of a new referent as topic. Based on formal complexity, ø anaphora is the least marked structural form, and left-dislocated and existential noun phrases are the most marked. Free production and elicited imitation recall tasks, involving picture sequences that manipulated the three discourse contexts, were used to test Japanese learners' acquisition of noun phrase forms. They were evaluated by comparison with NS production. The results support predictions that L2 learners distinguish between discourse contexts, acquiring more targetlike forms in the least marked context first, and that they acquire the least marked structural forms earlier than the more marked ones.
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Ningsih, Rahmi Yulia, and Chandra Kurniawan Wiharja. "Noun Phrase in Bahasa Indonesia." Humaniora 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v8i1.3698.

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This article contained research about the analysis of the text of Bahasa Indonesia speech with the Systemic Functional Linguistic approach (LFS). The aim of this article was identifying elements of forming noun phrases as the participants which represented processes in clauses, functions, as well as the distribution of its position in the clause. The research method used was qualitative research with the method of data analysis in the form of 60 clauses through the approach of LFS. The 60 clauses data were taken from the text of the speech of UNJ Rector, which was then analyzed into 100 phrases in the noun. According to the LFS method, it finds that the noun phrase is formed by elements of the noun classes. From the 100 noun phrases analyzed, there are 100 nouns that have different functions in each process. There are 86 nouns represent the material process, 5 nouns represent the relational process, 4 nouns represent the verbal process, 3 nouns represent mental processes, and 2 nouns represent the existential process. The study also finds that in the form of the lexicon, the same noun with the different distribution of its position will result in different functions in the representation process.
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Pavlenko, Larysa. "Headlines in The Guardian editorials: the syntax and semantics of noun phrases." Language: classic - modern - postmodern, no. 7 (November 24, 2021): 122–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/lcmp2522-9281.2021.7.122-142.

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The Guardian editorial headline is viewed as a two-component structure punctuated with colons in which the first part names the topic and the second one provides its comment. The article examines the frequency and diversity of eight noun phrase patterns and gives structural and functional analysis of their constituents. The author studies how categorial features of nouns, adjectives, and prepositions manifest themselves on a phrase level. Three types of semantic relations between noun-noun components are defined. Two more aspects under consideration are complexity and coordination in noun phrases.
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Tokizaki, Hisao. "Prosody and branching direction of phrasal compounds." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 2 (June 12, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v2i0.4070.

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This paper investigates the prosody of phrasal compounds in Japanese, English and German. In a Japanese phrasal compound, a prosodic boundary can occur within a modifier phrase but not between the phrase and the head noun. Japanese phrasal compounds contrast with English and German phrasal compounds, where a pause may occur between the modifier phrase and the head noun but not within the modifier phrase. I argue that the prosodic differences between these languages are due to the branching direction of modifier phrases: Japanese phrasal compounds have left-branching modifiers while English and German phrasal compounds have right-branching modifiers. It is argued that the data of prosodic phrasing in these languages pose some problems for Match Theory (Elfner 2012), the edge-based theory (Selkirk & Tateishi 1988) and Generalized Insertion (Ackema & Neeleman 2004).
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Wang, Sue, and Gulbahar H. Beckett. "“My Excellent College Entrance Examination Achievement” — Noun Phrase Use of Chinese EFL Students’ Writing." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0802.07.

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Previous studies have shown that phrasal structure, particularly complex noun phrases with phrasal modifiers, is a feature of advanced academic writing. Therefore, it would be important for those who plan to pursue further studies to learn to write in the way that is appropriate for academic writing. Using the manual annotation function of UAM corpus tool, this study compared the noun phrase use of Chinese EFL students’ writing with that of proficient language users. This study also discussed the significant differences found between these two groups in terms of noun phrase use and their implications for EFL/ ESL writing instruction.
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Imamah, Firda Zuldi, and Agus Subiyanto. "The Translation Text of Drama “Macbeth”: Grammatical Transformation of Adjunct in Noun Phrase." Jurnal Lingua Idea 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jli.2021.12.2.2762.

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Macbeth is one of Shakespeare’s play that used unique and dramatic choice of words in its adjective and noun. Grammatical transformation of adjectival adjunct in noun phrase in the translation text of drama Macbeth has caused the shift of phrase’s meaning. This study aims to identify the grammatical shift by using X-Bar theory. This study is a descriptive qualitative study. The data are collected by using documentation and note taking technique. There are 35 noun phrases collected. The results show that there are 3 types of shift of adjectival adjunct. First, the adjunct is omitted. Second, the adjunct shifts into complementizer phrase. Third, the adjunct shifts into prepositional phrase.
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Hermawan, Gede Satya. "Japanese Noun Phrase on Twitter Trending Topic." Jurnal Bahasa Asing 16, no. 2 (December 24, 2023): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.58220/jba.v16i2.60.

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This paper discussed a Japanese noun phrase as hashtag Twitter. The research was conducted by collecting data for 1 month in September 2022. The data is not limited to a single chunky noun phrase, but noun phrases as constituents are also discussed in this paper. The descriptive qualitative method will describe the meaning of the phrase, and syntax will be used to identify the structure. The results reflect the used noun phrased as a hashtag, created simply as structure, but complex as semantically. The single hashtag has a discourse meaning behind it. Other than that, founded a treatment spoken language as writing text, and the users naturally find the meaning behind of it. This kind of situation indicates a premature sign of spoken language can fully understand without syntax marker on it (the spoken language always pragmatically helped by gesture, expression, and intonation).
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Septiana, Dwiani. "STRUKTUR DAN MAKNA FRASA NOMINAL DALAM BAHASA MAANYAN." TELAGA BAHASA 5, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36843/tb.v5i1.117.

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The purpose of this reserach is to describe structure and meaning of nounphrases in Maanyan language using theory of phrase structure fromBa’dulu. The data for this research are sentences in Maanyan languagecontaining noun phrases. The data were analyzed with agih method andseveral advenced techniques. The results indicate that noun phrases in BMare endocentric phrases with noun as the centre. There are eight structuresof noun phrases in BM, noun as the centre followed by (1) noun or pronounas the attribute, (2) active verb or adjective as the attribute, (3) passive verband noun as the attribute with ‘sa’ as the marker, (4) adjectiva anddemonstrative pronoun as the attribute with sa’ as the marker, (5) two ormore noun as the attribute, (6) preposisional phrase, and noun as the centrepreceded by numeral and ‘hi’ as the attribute. Noun phrase in BM haveseveral meaning, such as, summation, election, equality, explainatory,barrier, determinants, number and appellations.
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Duwila, Shanty A. Y. P. S. "The Post-Modification of Noun Phrase: Types and Distributions on Abstracts of Local and International Journals." MOZAIK HUMANIORA 20, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mozaik.v20i1.16611.

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Focusing on single and multiple post-modification of noun phrase complexity in academic writing, this study adopted Berlage’s (2014) types of single and multiple post-modification of noun phrase to investigate the types and distributionof noun phrase on 15 abstracts of accredited local journal and 15 international journal indexed by Scopus. Subjects, objects, and complements are coded manually and then extracted for noun phrases. The findings revealed that both groups of writers heavily relied on noun phrase involving prepositional phrase in single-post modification and noun phrase involving prepositional phrase(s) and coordination(s) in multiple-post modification. This finding may give contribution to EFL teachers and material developers in order to provide information and materials about NP post modifiers that can be used in academic writing.
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Guzzo, Natália Brambatti, Heather Goad, and Guilherme D. Garcia. "What motivates high vowel deletion in Québec French: Foot structure or tonal profile?" Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4306.

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Previous studies have argued that high vowel deletion (HVD) in Québec French is constrained by iterative iambic footing (Guzzo, Goad & Garcia 2016, Garcia, Goad & Guzzo 2017; see also Verluyten 1982), since it preferentially applies in even-numbered syllables from the right edge of the word. In this paper, we compare this hypothesis with an alternative hypothesis: HVD is constrained by the optionally-realized phrase-initial H tone (Jun & Fougeron 2000, Thibault & Ouellet 1996). We report on a judgement task in which two- and four-syllable nouns with HVD in the initial syllable are placed in phrases of different profiles (No determiner, Determiner + noun, Determiner + adjective + noun). If tonal profile plays a role in HVD, HVD in four-syllable nouns in phrases where the noun is in isolation or preceded by a determiner alone should be dispreferred, since the initial syllable of the noun is assigned the optional H tone in these contexts. Our results do not confirm this: HVD is favored in four-syllable nouns over two-syllable nouns, regardless of phrase type. We explain this finding by expanding our previous proposal: HVD is regulated by foot structure, but is dispreferred when it targets the head foot (where the obligatory phrase-final prominence is realized).
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KOEVA, SVETLA. "СЪС ИЛИ БЕЗ ПРЕДЛОЗИ: КОЕ Е ВЯРНОТО / WITH OR WITHOUT PREPOSITIONS: WHICH IS TRUE." Journal of Bulgarian Language 68, PR (September 10, 2021): 257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.68.21.pr.17.

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The article focuses on the competition between noun phrases in which the head noun is modified by either a relative adjective, noun qualitative modifier or a prepositional phrase. Several tests are proposed to distinguish between phrases with noun qualitative modifier and compounds consisting of two nouns. The type of the prepositions that occur in the prepositional phrases is characterised, and the conclusion is drown that the semantic dependency in the three competing structures is the same, although it is overtly expressed only through the prepositions. Keywords: noun qualitative modifier, syntactic alternations with prepositional phrases, identification of compounds, Bulgarian language
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Tambunan, Sunarti Desrieny. "CATEGORY SHIFTS IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH COMPLEX NOUN PHRASES IN UGLY LOVE NOVEL INTO INDONESIAN." Journal of Language and Literature 10, no. 2 (2022): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/jll.2022.v10i2.7271.

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English noun phrases can be categorized into simple and complex noun phrases. Whether or not a noun phrase is complex, it can be seen from the structure of a noun phrase that has a pre-modification, head, and post-modification or its complementation. However, when it is translated into Indonesian, the shifts happen. In translations, there are two types of shifts. They are level shifts and category shifts. This research is aimed at finding out the complex noun phrases in a novel entitled Ugly Love and their category shifts of translation in Indonesian. A descriptive qualitative method was applied in this research. Based on the findings, there are 41 Complex Noun Phrases found. However, there are six (6) Complex Noun Phrases that are translated using category shifts. Two (2) data are translated using structure shift and unit shift. One (1) data is translated using unit shift. One (1) data is translated using unit shift and class shift. Two (2) data are translated using structure shift, class shift, and unit shift. It reveals that the most dominant used of category shift is unit shift, followed by structure shift. Furthermore, the least used of category shift is class shift. In addition, intra-system shift was not found because the nouns mentioned in the data findings are all singular nouns.
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Thanh Tam, Phan. "Compare noun phrases in Stieng language and Vietnamese." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 4, no. 1 (April 9, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i1.541.

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This article presents about structural features of the noun phrase in Stieng language in order to define the similarities and differences points between the noun phrase in Stieng language and noun phrase in Vietnamese. Noun phrase has a central component, previous sub-components, and the following sub-components. Also, it has played a role in creating a sentence. Base on situations in communication, the noun phrase may be previous vacant sub-components or following sub-components, but it can not be removed from the central component. The central component is mass nouns like as simple nouns, overall nouns, or abstract nouns. The previous sub-component includes quality words, numerals, or unit nouns. The following sub-component can be a noun, verb, pronoun, phrase, and followed by a demonstrative word. Stieng is a language of South Bahnaric subgroup, an Austroasiatic family, so there are many similarities with other languages such as Koho, Mnong, Ma, and Chrau. They belong to the Austroasiatic family, so they are closed contact with the Vietnamese.
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Wang, Yuanjie. "Subclasses of Chinese noun phrases and the parallel occurrence of de 的." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.1.2.06wan.

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Chinese noun phrases are divided into three subclasses, namely, classification phrases, quantification phrases, and identification phrases, to describe and explain the parallel occurrence of de in the NPs with a single modifier. The parallelism exists not only between the three subclasses of NPs, but also, within the quantification phrases, between the nominal quantification modifiers and the verbal quantification modifiers. The reason for this parallel occurrence is that, the classification phrase tends to occur without de when its modifier has a higher ability to classify the head noun, so do the quantification phrase when its modifier has a higher ability to count the head noun, and the identification phrase when its modifier has a higher ability to identify the head noun.
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Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen, and Rint Sybesma. "Bare and Not-So-Bare Nouns and the Structure of NP." Linguistic Inquiry 30, no. 4 (October 1999): 509–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438999554192.

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This article examines the distribution and interpretational variability of bare nouns and [classifier+noun] phrases in Cantonese and Mandarin. We argue that bare nouns are never bare in structure and that [classifier+noun] phrases may have more structure than just Classifier Phrase. We show that the lack of articles and number morphology in Cantonese/Mandarin leads to many interesting differences between Chinese-type languages and English-/Italian-type languages.
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Suyanti, Lilis, Supadi Supadi, and Marina Siti Sugiyati. "POLA KALIMAT TUNGGAL PADA TEKS DESKRIPSI SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI I PONDOK KELAPA BENGKULU TENGAH TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017." Jurnal Ilmiah KORPUS 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2017): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jik.v1i1.3274.

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The purpose of this study are to describe the pattern, function, category and the role of single sentence elements in the text description of students in class VII of SMP Negeri 1 Pondok Kelapa Bengkulu Tengah academic year 2016-2017. The method used is qualitative descriptive method. Data and data sources in this study are single sentences in the text description of students in class VII SMP N 1 Pondok Kelapa Bengkulu Tengah academic year 2016/2017. Data analysis technique in this research using permutation technique and paraphrase technique. The results of the research found the following single sentence patterns, S-P, S-P-O, S-P-Pel, S-P-Ket, S-P-O-Ket, S-P-O-Pel, S-Ket-P-O, Ket-S-P, Ket-S-P-O, Ket-S-P-Pel , Ket-S-P-O-Pel, Ket-S-P-O-Ket, S-Ket-P-Pel, S-Ket-P-Ket, Ket-S-Ket-P-Pel, S-P-Pel-Ket, S-Ket-P , S-Ket-Ket, Ket-P-O-Pel, Ket-P-Pel-Ket, Ket-S. Sentence analysis based on function found sentence functions as follows: S, P, O, Ket, Pel. Sentence analysis based on category is found: The function of S are categorized as noun, and noun phrase. The P functions are categorized nouns, noun phrases, verbs, verb phrases, adjective phrases, and numeralia phrases. The O function are categorized as noun, noun phrase and numeralia phrase. Pel functions are categorized nouns, and noun phrases. The function of Ket is categorized as prepositional phrase. The role-based sentence analysis are found as follows: The function S acts as a known, experienced, numbered, actor, gained, and place. Function P acts as an identifier, state, amount, deed, possession, existence, and acquisition. Function O acts as a sufferer, owner, sum, result, and sum. The Pel function acts as the sufferer, owner, number, result, state, and tool. The function of Ket serves as a way, place, time, participant, result, tool, cause, and frequency.
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Ambarita, Mei Isabella, Selly Wanti Hutahaean, Widhi Sofie Munthe, Dewi Kartika, and Anita Sitanggang. "Contrastive Analysis of Noun Phrase in English and Indonesian on Report Text “Camel” from Developing English Competencies Textbook." International Journal Corner of Educational Research 2, no. 2 (July 25, 2023): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54012/ijcer.v2i2.193.

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This research aims to discover the similarity and differences of Noun Phrase (NP) used in English and Indonesian sentences. This scientific writing used an instrument of report text as the reference to collect data. The report text was taken from a textbook of Developing English Competencies for senior high school. This research demonstrated that when English Noun Phrase was translated to Indonesian, there were changes in syntatic pattern, syntatic category, and meaning. Based on the research results, researchers found several similarities between Indonesian and English Noun Phrases. Similar parts, including head, determiner,and modifier, formed the Noun Phrase. However, there were also differences between them. English Noun Phrase was frequently expanded to the side of the head; meanwhile, in Indonesian, it was expanded to the back of the head. English Noun Phrase consists of a central-determiner (the, a, an); meanwhile, Indonesian Noun Phrase lacks it.
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Sakaedani, Haruko. "The Correlation between Definite Noun Phrases and Verb Forms in Qur'anic Narrative Texts." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 6, no. 2 (October 2004): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2004.6.2.56.

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In a previous article I have examined shifts of noun phrase forms in Qur'anic narrative texts and found that this kind of shift is strictly associated with the construction of texts and development of stories. It was also found that other categories such as voice, aspect and tense are connected with the shifts of these noun phrase forms. In the present paper I first confirm the argument made in my previous paper: that forms of noun phrases are markers of point of view in narratives. Next, the correlations between these noun phrase forms and various verb forms are inquired into, and the effect of using different noun phrase forms and verb forms in the texts is discussed. The argument is restricted to narratives because these realise textual coherence more than the early fragmentary revelations, and because the points of view in these narratives can be examined through the various persons coming into the stories. In addition, this study focuses on definite noun phrases rather than indefinite ones as, other than when they are first introduced into the texts, the referents in these stories are referred to with definite noun phrases, or more strictly speaking, a number of prophets and other famous persons are frequently introduced with definite noun phrases.
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Gagné, Christina L., and Thomas L. Spalding. "The availability of noun properties during the interpretation of novel noun phrases." Mental Lexicon 2, no. 2 (October 11, 2007): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.2.2.06gag.

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The current experiments examine whether recent exposure to a modifier-noun phrase (e.g., unripe peaches) affects the representation of the head noun (e.g, peach). Experiment 1 demonstrates that a property true of the head noun (e.g, sweet) takes longer to verify when preceded by a phrase for which this property is not true (e.g., unripe peaches) than by a phrase for which the property remains true (e.g., orchard peaches). Experiment 2 replicates this finding and, in addition, demonstrates that properties that remain true of both prime phrases (e.g., fuzzy) are equally available during the processing of the head noun. These findings suggest that interpreting a modifier-noun phrase affects the head noun’s representation such that properties that are incompatible with the entire phrase temporarily become less available during subsequent processing of the head noun than do properties that remain compatible with the phrase.
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Bili, Yunita Reny Bani. "Reordering in Kupang Malay Noun Phrase." International Journal of Linguistics Studies 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.11.

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Kupang Malay noun phrases (NP) have a unique structure. The speakers often reorder the phrases to convey a particular meaning. However, the reordering of the words in the noun phrase also has boundaries. Due to the problem, this study investigated the type of Kupang NP, its reordering pattern, its effect on the semantic content, grammatical function, and constraints of the NP reordering. This research employed Fieldworks lexical explorer (Flex) built up by SIL teams to analyze the data. The data was gathered from the online Kupang Malay Bible website. Sixty data were chosen from four out of twenty-eight books within the bible. The books are called carita mula-mula (Old Testament), Mathew, Mark, and Luke. The data consist of 30 NPs with pre-modifiers and 30 NPs constructed by post-modifiers. The result shows that pre-modifiers noun phrases undergo more reordering because they are triggered by the constituents than post-modifiers noun phrases. Most word shift does not affect a noun phrase's meaning and grammatical function.
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Gaworski, Ireneusz. "Topologische Eigenschaften der Funktionsverbgefüge im heutigen Deutsch." Studia Linguistica 42 (December 29, 2023): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1169.42.1.

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Light verb constructions (German Funktionsverbgefüge = FVGs) are complex predicates consisting of a semantically light verb, which has lost its lexical meaning and just has a functional role, and a noun phrase (with or without preposition). The noun occurring in FVGs is an abstract noun derived from a verb and can be combined with another phrasal elements. FVGs are semantically a specific category of noun-verb-phrases between idioms and collocations because they share characteristics with both categories. The paper outlines the topological properties of FVGs, especially of the noun phrases, which are perhaps the most underrated aspect of FVGs and has not been the subject of intense linguistic research. The syntactic function of the noun phrase arouses much controversy in grammatical descriptions and may be cause of language mistakes or even errors. Based on modern linguistic descriptions of FVGs we then focus on the linear position of the noun and its attributes in central-verbal clauses (German Verb-Zweit-Sätze) and in final-verbal clauses (German Verb-Letzt-Sätze) and conditions of the realization of the so-called Nachfeld and Vorfeld syntactic fields.
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Syafrizal, Syafrizal. "VERBAL PHRASES IN THE NOVEL LIFE OF PI: A SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS." ENGLISH JOURNAL OF INDRAGIRI 3, no. 1 (February 17, 2019): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/eji.v3i1.468.

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This study is intended to find out the types and functions of verbal phrases used in the novel Life of Pi. This research belongs to descriptive qualitative research, where the data are not analyzed by using statistical procedure; the data in this research are taken from the novel Life of Pi by Yann Martel. To collect the data the writer uses the noting technique. The first step, the writer read and observed carefully to find out the verbal phrases. Then, the writer took notes of the sentences contained verbal phrases in Life of Pi, and then analyzed the data by classifying the verbal phrases and finding the function of verbal phrases. The research finding shows that there are three types of verbal phrases used in the novel Life of Pi, namely, gerund phrase, infinitive phrase, and participial phrase. Each type of verbal phrases has a different function. The researcher finds three functions of verbal phrases, namely noun, adjective, and adverb. Gerund phrase functions as a noun. Infinitive phrase functions as a noun, an adjective, and an adverb. Participial phrase functions as an adjective and as an adverb.
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Garnham, Alan, Jane Oakhill, and Kate Cain. "The Interpretation of Anaphoric Noun Phrases Time Course, and Effects of Overspecificity." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 50, no. 1 (February 1997): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755687.

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Two experiments investigated the interpretation of anaphoric noun phrases, and in particular those that could only be linked to their antecedents via knowledge-based inferences. The first experiment showed that much of the inferential processing was carried out as the anaphoric noun phrase was read, although there was some indication that inferential processing continued to the end of the clause. The second experiment attempted to establish why anaphoric noun phrases that are more specific than their antecedents cause problems. It showed that the difficulty did not lie in adding the extra information carried by the anaphor to the representation of the referent. Rather, we suggest, putting extra information in the anaphoric noun phrase disrupts the process of linking that noun phrase to its antecedent.
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Goodness, Devet. "Noun modification in Shinyiha." Ghana Journal of Linguistics 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjl.v10i2.7.

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Modification is a typical defining function of adjectives in the world languages. However, it can be perfomed by single words, phrases or clauses. When dealing with modification of the noun, most studies (Rugemalira 2007, Lusekelo 2009, Van de Velde 2013; Williams 2005 etc) have focused on adjectives or on closed system elements (demonstratives, possessives, distributives, interrogatives etc) that appear within the noun phrase. Little attention has been paid to other marked forms like nouns, verbs, conjoined nous etc. that modify the head noun. This paper focuses on modification of nouns by nouns, verbs, participials, passives and locatives to express different property concepts. The paper uses markedness theory to show the markedness of forms other than pure adjectives to express property concepts. In addition the study shows structural changes taking place within these other modifiers. The study reveals that Shinyiha has several strategies its speakers use to modify the head noun including the use of derived nouns and irregular verbal forms which partake both properties of adjectives and verbs.
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Amaliah, Resky, Bahrun Amin, and Ratu Yulianti Natsir. "ERROR ON THE USE OF NOUN PHRASE MADE BY THE ELEVENTH GRADE OF MADRASAH ALIYAH BONTOMARANNU." Journal of Language Testing and Assessment 1, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.56983/jlta.v1i1.211.

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This thesis study aimed at (1) To find out the students' mistakes from English noun phrases using pre modifiers in writing English texts made by eleventh grade students? (2) To find out students' mistakes from English noun phrases using the post modifier in writing English texts made by eleventh grade students? The research design a descriptive quantitative method, in which it used writing test. The result of the data that the researcher got the most types of error in noun phrase using pre-modifier and post-modifier in disordering made by the students in using noun phrase. The result of the analysis indicated that there are two part the student made error for the first is using pre-modifier in determiner is 66 errors or 66%, in adjective 9 errors or 9%, in Quantifier 1 error or 1%. The second is using post-modifier in adjective, 14 errors or 14%, in To-Infinitive 1 error or 1% and the last is prepositional phrase with 10 errors or 10%. This mean that there was high level error in noun phrase using pre-modifier and post-modifier at Madrasah Aliyah Bontomarannu. Keywords: Error analysis, Noun Phrase, Writing skills.
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Ritter, Elizabeth. "Cross-Linguistic Evidence for Number Phrase." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 37, no. 2 (June 1992): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100021952.

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In this paper I provide cross-linguistic evidence for a functional projection between D and NP, which I call “Number Phrase” (NumP). In a full noun phrase, the head of this projection is, among other things, the locus of number specification (singular or plural) of a noun phrase. Pronominal noun phrases are distinguished from full noun phrases by the fact that they lack a lexical projection, i.e., they lack a NP. The existence of two distinct functional categories predicts the existence of at least two classes of pronouns, those of the category D, and those of the category Num. In both Modern Hebrew and Haitian, there is evidence that this prediction is borne out.
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Patin, Cédric. "prosody of Shingazidja relatives." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 53 (January 1, 2010): 187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.53.2010.398.

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Símákonde is an Eastern Bantu language (P23) spoken by immigrant Mozambican communities in Zanzibar and on the Tanzanian mainland. Like other Makonde dialects and other Eastern and Southern Bantu languages (Hyman 2009), it has lost the historical Proto-Bantu vowel length contrast and now has a regular phrase-final stress rule, which causes a predictable bimoraic lengthening of the penultimate syllable of every Prosodic Phrase. The study of the prosody / syntax interface in Símákonde Relative Clauses requires to take into account the following elements: the relationship between the head and the relative verb, the conjoint / disjoint verbal distinction and the various phrasing patterns of Noun Phrases. Within Símákonde noun phrases, depending on the nature of the modifier, three different phrasing situations are observed: a modifier or modifiers may (i) be required to phrase with the head noun, (ii) be required to phrase separately, or (iii) optionally phrase with the head noun.
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Manus, Sophie. "prosody of Símákonde relative clauses." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 53 (January 1, 2010): 159–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.53.2010.397.

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Símákonde is an Eastern Bantu language (P23) spoken by immigrant Mozambican communities in Zanzibar and on the Tanzanian mainland. Like other Makonde dialects and other Eastern and Southern Bantu languages (Hyman 2009), it has lost the historical Proto-Bantu vowel length contrast and now has a regular phrase-final stress rule, which causes a predictable bimoraic lengthening of the penultimate syllable of every Prosodic Phrase. The study of the prosody / syntax interface in Símákonde Relative Clauses requires to take into account the following elements: the relationship between the head and the relative verb, the conjoint / disjoint verbal distinction and the various phrasing patterns of Noun Phrases. Within Símákonde noun phrases, depending on the nature of the modifier, three different phrasing situations are observed: a modifier or modifiers may (i) be required to phrase with the head noun, (ii) be required to phrase separately, or (iii) optionally phrase with the head noun.
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42

Putri, Zenabela Amalia. "NOUN PHRASES IN TOURISM SLOGANS OF ASIAN COUNTRIES." LINGUA LITERA : journal of english linguistics and literature 3, no. 1 (June 2, 2018): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55345/stba1.v3i1.10.

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The aims of the research are to find out the structure of noun phrases and to analyze the textual functions of noun phrases in tourism slogans of Asian Countries. The writer was interested in noun phrase because it is used to promote the product. To promote the product, advertising language uses slogan. Furthermore, the method and the technique used in this thesis were qualitative method and referential technique. Meanwhile, for the process of analyzing data the distributional method was used. The writer applied the theory of Robert (2006), Leech and Svantik (1975), Jacobs and Resebaum (1968) to find out the structures of noun phrase, and theory of Matheson (2005) to find out the textual functions. Based on the analysis there were several textual functions found. The first was to emphasize the noun phrase in order to attract people to visit the country. The second was to make people think, feel and believe in the situation based on the pictures of the slogans. Thus, the writer hopes the readers gain more knowledge and understanding about noun phrases especially noun phrasesin tourism slogans.
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Rørvik, Sylvi. "Noun-phrase complexity in the texts of intermediate-level Norwegian EFL writers: stasis or development?" Nordic Journal of Language Teaching and Learning 10, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 298–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.46364/njltl.v10i2.987.

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This paper examines the longitudinal development in noun-phrase complexity in English texts written by Norwegian learners in school years 8-10. The study is based on material from the TRAWL (Tracking Written Learner Language) corpus (Dirdal et al., 2017; Dirdal et al., 2022), comprising longitudinal data from nine pupils. The study tests the hypothesis proposed by Biber et al. (2011) that noun-phrase complexity increases gradually as writers develop, and answers the following research question: To what extent can longitudinal development in noun-phrase complexity in accordance with Biber et al.’s (2011) stages be traced in the written production of intermediate-level Norwegian EFL writers in Years 8-10? The results indicate that there is very little evidence to suggest an increase in sophistication as regards phrasal modification over the three years. Instead, the pupils primarily rely on the types of modifiers that are acquired in early developmental stages, such as attributive adjectives and prepositional phrases. Thus, there should be a greater pedagogical focus on developing pupils’ skills in using more sophisticated noun-phrase modifiers, to prepare them for the future demands placed on their academic-writing skills.
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Park, Boon-Joo. "복합명사구 통사 정보에 따른 문장처리 시선 추적 분석: 관계절 내에서 동사 수 일치 처리양상." Studies in Modern Grammar 115 (September 30, 2022): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14342/smog.2022.115.139.

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Boon-Joo Park, 2022. Eye-movement Analysis of Sentence Processing with Complex Noun Phrase: Number Agreement within the Relative Clause. Studies in Modern Grammar 115, 139-157. The current study aims to investigate how ESL university students undergo the syntactic process of relative clause with complex noun phrases. The target sentences have two kinds of complex noun phrase varied with the numbers: one consists of single noun (N1) and plural noun(N2) phrases and the other consists of plural noun(N1) and single noun (N2) phrases. The data collection through tracking eye-movement during language processing enables us to investigate the process more in-depth level and to have wide range of insight of language learners’ processing. The results from eye-movement analysis showed that the participants underwent different process the two mismatched types of relative clause with complex noun phrases (singular – plural NPs vs. plural-singular NPs).
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ZANDROTO, WENI AYU SUNITA, NURAINI ADE PUTRI LUBIS, WANAPRI PANGARIBUAN, and YUNIARTO MUDJISUSATYO. "THE USE OF NOUN PHRASE IN SCIENTIFIC SENTENCE." LINGUISTICA 13, no. 1 (March 3, 2024): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jalu.v13i1.56473.

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The purpose of this research is to identify the types and patterns of the noun phrase. The aim of this research is to identify the types and patterns of word combinations that form noun phrases in journal articles published by BJA educational article with the title "Being a good educational supervisor". The research method used is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach data obtained from articles published by BJA education articles. The results of the analysis show varying patterns of use of noun phrases. Combinations of words that form noun phrases in journal articles published by BJA educational article with the title "Being a good educational supervisor". This research attempts to discuss the use of noun phrases among researchers in their research reports. It examines not only the correct usage but also the inappropriate use of noun phrases. The research method used is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach data obtained from articles published by BJA education articles. The results of the analysis show varied patterns of noun phrase use.
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Putri, Anisah, Eddy Setia, and Nurlela Nurlela. "Structure of Noun Phrases in Novel Synopsis by Jenny Han." Radiant 3, no. 3 (February 7, 2023): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52187/rdt.v3i3.128.

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This study aimed to find various forms of noun phrase structures and found the most dominant noun phrases used. To solving the problem, the researcher used Burton's theory. In addition, descriptive qualitative used by the researcher to analysing the data. This analysis used a tree diagram to see the detailed structure of the noun phrase used in the synopsis of the novel. The data used was a synopsis of novels written by Jenny Han, including, To All the Boys series and Summer I Turned Pretty series. This analysis found seven types of noun phrase structures consisting of Determiner + Head, Premodifier + Head, Head + Postmodifier, Determiner + Premodifier + Head, Determiner + Head + Postmodifier, Premodifier + Head + Postmodifier and Determiner + Premodifier + Head + Postmodifier. Last, the researcher found that the most used structure of noun phrases is Determiner + Head + Post modifier with 28%.
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Syamsu, Awaluddin. "A Study of Noun Phrase Awareness at the Eighth Graders of Two Islamic Junior High Schools in Makassar." J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jes.2021.2.2.4181.

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Syntactic awareness has been linked to reading comprehension skills. In Junior high schools, syntactic awareness of noun phrases can be very important for the students in the Indonesian context because it can improve their reading comprehension. However, teaching noun phrases for the students can be challenging due to the grammar difference. The junior high school student’s noun phrase awareness was measured using a developed test. It consists of 28 questions with seven noun categories. The reliability test was conducted using KR-20 and the result was .90. The study indicated the average score of the students was 69.07 (fair). Of the seven noun phrases category, nominal possessors and conjoined noun phrases were good, prenominal possessors, multiple genitive constructs, alienable and inalienable possessions, and ad-positional phrases were fair, and nonreferential generative was weak. Referring to the result of the research, it is suggested to improve the student’s noun phrase awareness to enhance their reading comprehension.
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Farrar, William T., and Alan H. Kawamoto. "The Return of “Visiting Relatives”: Pragmatic Effects in Sentence Processing." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 46, no. 3 (August 1993): 463–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749308401057.

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Two experiments were performed to investigate the role of syntactic and pragmatic cues on the disambiguation of noun phrases of the form VERB+ing NOUN+s, like visiting relatives, that can be interpreted as either singular or plural noun phrases. Both experiments used a self-paced reading task in which reading times were measured for two words, a verb and an adverb, immediately following the potentially ambiguous noun phrase. The interpretation of the noun phrase as singular or plural was biased by pragmatic cues in the first experiment and by syntactic cues in the second experiment. In both experiments, subjects were faster to read the adverb following the verb when the interpretation biased by the cues agreed in number with the verb that immediately followed the target noun phrase than when it did not agree with the verb. These results suggest that pragmatic cues, like syntactic cues, can be utilized rapidly in sentence processing.
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Prasetyo, Dika Rama, and Haryadi. "Konstruksi Frasa Idiomatik dalam Novel Orang-Orang Biasa Karya Andrea Hirata." J-LELC: Journal of Language Education, Linguistics, and Culture 3, no. 2 (June 29, 2023): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/j-lelc.2023.13051.

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This study applies a theoretical approach to phraseological syntax, as well as a qualitative descriptive methodological approach. Methods and techniques of data collection using the listening method combined with basic tapping techniques and advanced techniques in the form of note taking techniques. The method of data analysis is the distribution method with the direct element division technique (BUL) and the advanced technique in the form of the dissipation technique. Methods of presenting the results of the analysis in the form of informal methods and formal methods. This study obtained the results in the form of 10 forms of idiomatic phrases collected from Andrea's Ordinary People novel, namely the phrases stick your nose, subordinates, golden child of justice, blind pay, street vendors, raise your hands, open your mouth, wash money, go out of business, and cold-blooded. The patterns of idiomatic phrase formation consist of patterns of Noun+Noun (N+N), Noun+Noun+Noun (N+N+N), Noun+Adjective (N+Adj), Noun+Numeralia (N+Num), Verbs+Nouns (V+N), and Verbs+Adjectives (V+Adj). It is hoped that this research can add insight into the forms and patterns of idiomatic phrase formation in Andrea Hirata's Ordinary People novel as well as become a reference source for further research on similar topics.
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Anggraini, Nurul. "An Analysis of Translation Procedures of Noun Phrases in Carlo Collodi’s Novel Entitled “Pinocchio”." LUNAR 2, no. 02 (November 5, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/ln.v2i02.530.

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This research is conducted to identify the noun phrase and its types in Carlo Collodi’s novel entitled Pinoccio as well as procedures used to translate them in the translation version entitled Pinokio which was translated by Wiwin Indiarti. The data of this descriptive qualitative research are noun phrases found in the novel and their translation in Indonesian. Documentation is used to collect the data. Meanwhile, content analysis method is applied for analyzing data in relation to their contexts. The result of this research shows that there are 5.283 noun phrases in chapter 1 to chapter 36 of Pinochio novel. It is also found that there are 3 types of noun phrase. They are: 1) noun phrase type I which is identified as Modifier + Head (M+H) with 2.985 data, 2) noun phrase type II which is identified as Head + Modifier (M+H) with 425 data, and 3) noun phrase type III which is identified as Modifier + Head + Modifier (M+H) with 1.873 data. Furthermore, the translator used eleven translation procedures to translate noun phrases proposed by Newmark. Those procedures are 1) translation by Transference with frequency of 93 data (1.8%), 2) translation by Naturalization with frequancy of 102 data (2.1%), 3) translation by Cultural Equivalent with frequency of 308 data (6.2%), 4) translation by Functional Equivalent with frequancy of 97 data (1.9%) translation by Componential Analysis with frequancy of 773 data (14.7%), 6) translation by Synonymy with frequancy of 738 data (14.9%), 7) translation by Through-translation with frequancy of 1.205 data (24.3%), 8) translation by Shift or Transposition with frequancy of 792 data (17%), 9) translation by Compensation with frequancy of 438 data (8%). 10 translation by Couplets with frequency 173 (3.4%), and 11) translation by Modulation with frequency 43 (1%). It can be concluded that the translator often used Through translation procedure to translate noun phrases into Indonesian. It was used because she wants to deliver the message of the text as natural as possible
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