Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nourrissons – Alimentation – Burkina Faso'
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Akaki, David Kofi. "Bouillies infantiles à base de mil fermenté à Ouagadougou : Vers une analyse des risques microbiologiques dans les micro-entreprises traditionnelles de production." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20241.
Full textThe aims of this work were to improve the quality of traditional millet-based fermented gruels for young children consumed in Africa as complementary foods. These gruels must be free from pathogens likely to cause food infections. The evaluation of the bacteriological quality of the products resulting from 10 production units of Ouagadougou town in Burkina Faso, allowed us to isolate and identify 449 bacteria from the samples taken at different steps during gruel manufacture: before the fermentation of the dough, at the end of the fermentation, after cooking of the fermented dough and granule production. Microbial enumerations were carried out on Mac-Conkey, Baird Parker, Mannitol-Yolk-Polymyxin and Trypton Sulfite Cycloserin mediums. All the samples showed the presence in great numbers of various pathogens, because of the bad hygiene of the products and process. For the enterobacteria, the most frequent was Klebsiella pneumo. Ssp pneumonia. For the other Gram negative bacilli, it was Chryoseomonas luteola. For the staphylococci, it was Staphylococcus xylosus. For sporulating Gram positive bacteria, we are identified Bacillus cereus and Clostridium beijerinckii/butyricum. With regard to food infections, the following species were isolated and identified: Bacillus cereus (19 species), Enterobacter sakazakii (03), Klebsiella pneumo. Spp pneumonia (16), Escherichia coli (04) and Staphylococcus aureus (02). Globally, we observed a major reduction in population levels after fermentation, but the bacilli able to sporulate were maintained in the products after this important step of the process. Cooking involved a drastic reduction in the majority of pathogens except the bacilli able to sporulate. Challenge-tests carried out with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterobacter sakazakii CIP 103183T, Bacillus cereus ATCC 9139 from a collection or Escherichia coli AMC2-1, Enterobacter sakazakii AMC8-3 and Bacillus cereus BMYP7-3 isolated from the production units, allowed the evaluation of the risk of their development and that with different steps of the process. Lactic fermentation and especially cooking were effective at reducing the populations of enterobacteria tested. For Bacillus cereus, it does not constitute an effective barrier against the maintenance of the spores. This reveals that for the various pathogens used, control of the process of fermentation during the decantation of the dough, control of cooking through time/temperature, cross contaminations related on the quality of the utensils and general cleanliness have to be controlled to obtain a “healthy” gruel. The cross contamination of the cooked gruel remains a danger. The addition of nisin in the gruel is without effect on the enterobacteria tested, whereas this addition makes it possible to reduce effectively the populations of Bacillus cereus. This heat-resistant molecule could be added at the end of the fermentation step and before cooking to combine the two effects: thermal destruction by cooking and inhibition by nisin
Maisonneuve, Catherine. "Dynamique entre la culture du coton, le rôle de la femme, la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition infantile au Burkina Faso." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27541.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is designed to better understand the relationship between cotton cropping, women’s role and food and nutrition security in a cotton growing region of Burkina Faso. Results show a high prevalence of food insecurity and child malnutrition and a dynamic relationship between cotton cropping, women’s daily activities, household food security and child nutrition. Women's workload or the time spent they are working in the cotton field were positively associated with the score of food insecurity, while their decision-making power on the management of family income was negatively. The quality of childcare appears to influence children’s nutritional status. Giving priority to community interventions to increase women's level of empowerment seems to be necessary to reduce hunger and child malnutrition in this region of the world.
Ouedraogo, Hermann. "Anémie chez les jeunes enfants: situation et stratégies de prévention en milieu rural du Burkina Fasso." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210436.
Full textLa prévalence (IC à 95%) de l’anémie était de 98,8% (97,6 ;99,9) parmi ces enfants, et la prévalence (IC à 95%) de l’anémie sévère de 29,5% (23,9 ;35,0). Parmi les enfants présentant une anémie, 65,1% avaient une anémie hypochrome.
Les enfants ne présentant pas de retard de croissance avaient un taux moyen (ES) d’hémoglobine plus élevé que les enfants présentant un retard de croissance :81,1 (2,6) contre 77,2 (2,8) g/L, (p=0,026). La prévalence (IC à 95%) du retard de croissance était de 35,8% (29,4 ;41,1). Le retard de croissance était associé aux pratiques d’alimentation de complément chez les enfants âgés de 12-23 mois. L’indice z-score de la taille pour l’âge était en moyenne (DS) de -1,33 (0,63), -1,61 (0,30), et -2,11 (0,32) chez les enfants pour lesquels étaient utilisées des céréales fortifiées, chez les enfants pour lesquels étaient utilisées des céréales non fortifiées, et chez les enfants qui ne recevaient pas d’aliments de complément, respectivement (p=0,018).
L’infection à Plasmodium falciparum était présente chez 52,6% des enfants, 25,6% étant non fébrile et 27,0% fébrile. En comparaison aux enfants non infectés, les enfants ayant une infection fébrile, mais aussi ceux ayant une infection non fébrile avaient un taux d’hémoglobine plus faible, les différences (ES) étant de 7,86 (1,75) g/L avec p<0,001 et de 3,52 (1,74) g/L avec p=0,044, respectivement.
Dans un contexte de prise en charge préventive et curative du paludisme et des géohelminthases, la supplémentation en fer pendant 6 mois a conduit à une augmentation moyenne (DS) du taux d’hémoglobine de 16,3 (13,6) g/L (p<0,001), alors que cette augmentation a été de 22,8 (14,6) g/L (p<0,001) pour la supplémentation en micronutriments multiples, soit une différence (IC à 95%) de 6,5 (2,0 ;11,1) avec p=0,003. La supplémentation en fer conduisait à une réduction de la prévalence de l’anémie de 40,6%, alors que cette réduction était de 62,0% avec la supplémentation en micronutriments multiples, soit un ratio ajusté de prévalences de guérison [PRR (IC à 95%)] de 1,62 (1,22 ;2,15), p<0,001.
Une farine améliorée à été produite à partir d’ingrédients disponibles localement ;elle se composait de petit mil (51,7%), haricots (8,8%), arachide (7,8%), malt de sorgho rouge (9,0%), soumbala (9,3%), sucre (12,7%), et de sel iodé (0,8%). La bouillie améliorée préparée avec cette farine avec une consistance de 120 mm/30 s (distance d’écoulement dans un consistomètre de Bostwick) avait une densité énergétique de 103 kcal/100 g, une teneur en fer de 2,6 mg/100 kcal, et une teneur en zinc de 1,2 mg/100 kcal. La production de la farine et la préparation de la bouillie étaient reproductibles par les ménagères.
La consommation de bouillie à chaque session était en moyenne de 29 ou 28 g/kg de poids corporel/repas, correspondant à 108 ou 105% de la consommation souhaitée, alors que la présence au centre de nutrition ouvert dans le village n’était que de 68 ou 58%, dans le groupe consommant la bouillie sans supplément de micronutriments et le groupe consommant la bouillie avec un supplément de micronutriment multiples, respectivement.
Dans un contexte de prise en charge préventive et curative du paludisme et des geohelminthases la consommation de la bouillie améliorée sans supplément de micronutriments conduisait à une augmentation du taux d’hémoglobine de 14,8 (11,8) g/L (p<0,001), et la consommation de la bouillie améliorée avec des suppléments de micronutriments multiples entraînait une augmentation de 17,3 (15,8) g/L (p<0,001), soit une différence (IC à 95%) de 3,5 (-1,0 ;8,1) g/L (p=0,13). La prévalence de l’anémie en fin d’intervention était de 67,9% et de 55,6% dans les groupes BA et BAM, respectivement (p=0,13)
Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité de mesures permettant de réduire rapidement la prévalence de l’anémie chez les enfants âgés de 6-23 mois de ce district. La stratégie de supplémentation en micronutriments multiples combinée à la prise en charge préventive et curative du paludisme et des géohelminthiases est la stratégie à préférer.
La supplémentation en micronutriments multiples pourrait être relayée progressivement par la stratégie basée sur une alimentation de complément améliorée au niveau des ménages, toujours dans un contexte de prise en charge préventive et curative du paludisme et des géohelminthases. Intégrés dans la routine des ménages et soutenus par une formation et une éducation nutritionnelles, les procédés de production de farine puis de bouillie améliorée devraient avoir une plus grande portée sur la prévention de l’anémie à moyen et long termes.
Anaemia is a widespread public health problem with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. Pregnant women and young children are the most affected. This work aimed at 1) analysing the anaemia situation among children aged 6-23 months of the rural district of Kongoussi (Burkina Faso), and 2) assessing the efficacy of integrated strategies. Two cross-sectional and two randomised, population-based studies were conducted over the January 2004-June 2006 period.
The prevalence (95% CI) of anaemia was 98.8% (97.6 ;99.9); that of severe anaemia was 29.5 (23.9 ;35.0). Hypochromia was retrieved in 65.1% of anaemic children.
Mean (SE) haemoglobin concentration was higher in non-stunted children [81.1 (2.6) g/L] than in their stunted counterparts [77.2 (2.8) g/L], p=0.026. The prevalence (95% CI) of stunting was 35.8% (29.4 ;41.1). After adjustment for children, mothers and household characteristics, and for current and past breastfeeding patterns, the height-for-age z-score (HAZ) remained associated with the mode of complementary feeding among children aged 12-23 months. The adjusted mean HAZ (SE) was –1.33 (0.63), -1.61 (0.30), and –2.11 (0.32) among children consuming fortified cereals, unfortified cereals, or no complementary food, respectively (p=0.018)
Plasmodium falciparum infection was noted in 52.6% of children with 25.6% being afebrile and 27.0% being febrile. Compared to uninfected children, children with febrile infection and those with afebrile infection had lower haemoglobin concentration, the differences (ES) being 7.86 (1.75) g/L (p<0.001) and 3.52 (1.74) g/L (p=0.044), respectively.
Combined with malaria and geohelminths preventive and curative care, daily iron supplementation for 6 months led to a mean increase (SD) of haemoglobin concentration of 16.3 (13.6) g/L (p<0.001), whereas the increase was 22.8 (14.6) g/L (p<0.001) with daily multiple micronutrients supplementation. The difference (95% CI) of haemoglobin concentration at the end of intervention was of 6.5 (2.0 ;11.1), p=0.003. Iron supplementation reduced the prevalence of anaemia by 40.6%, while the reduction was of 62.0% with the multiple micronutrients supplementation. The prevalence rate ratio [PRR (95% CI)] of children who were cured from anaemia at the end of intervention was 1.62 (1.22 ;2.15), p<0.001.
A new, local-ingredient-based flour was developed to prepare an improved mush for children. It was composed of pearl millet (51.7%), beans (8.8%), peanuts (7.8%), malted red sorghum (9.0%), soumbala (9.3%), sugar (12.7%) and iodized salt (0.8%). When this improved mush was prepared with a consistency of 120 mm/30 s (Bostwick flow distance), its volumetric mass, energy density, iron content and zinc content are 103 g/100 ml, 103 kcal/100 g, 2.6 mg/100 kcal, and 1.2 mg/100 kcal respectively. The flour production and mush preparation were reproducible by rural housewives.
The average mush consumption was 29 and 28 g/kg body weight/meal, corresponding to 108 and 105% of the desired consumption, whereas the child’s presence at the nutrition centre that was opened in his village was 68 and 58%, in the group consuming the mush without micronutrient supplement (MG) and that consuming the mush with a multiple micronutrients supplement (MMG). Mean (SD) haemoglobin concentration increased of [14.8 (11.8) g/L, p<0.001] in the MG and [17.3 (15.8) g/L, p<0.001] in the MMG. The between group difference (95% CI) of 3.5 (-1.0 ;8.1) g/L in mean (SD) endpoint haemoglobin concentration was not significant (p=0.13). The prevalence of anemia at the end of intervention was 67.9% and 55.6% in the MG and MMG, respectively (p=0.13)
These results underline the need of urgent actions to rapidly reduce the prevalence of anemia. The multiple micronutrients supplementation combined with malaria and geohelminths preventive and curative care is the strategy to prefer. However, this strategy could be progressively replaced by that including complementary feeding improvement. To increase the mush consumption and better meet the needs of young children, flour and mush production must enter the routines of individual households. If this integration is to succeed, it should be supported by a large-scale program of training and nutrition education.
Doctorat en sciences médicales
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Zagre, Noël Marie. "Projet pilote d'introduction de l'huile de palme non raffinée comme source de vitamine A au Burkina Faso : évaluation de l'impact." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20066.
Full textEbrahimi-Yeganeh, Fatemeh. "Les problèmes alimentaires dans la région soudano-sahélienne de l'Afrique occidentale : les cas du Burkina-Faso, du Mali, du Niger et du Sénégal." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30055.
Full textSanou, Dia. "Impact d'une intervention alimentaire sur le statut en fer d'un groupe d'orphelins et enfants vulnérables d'âge préscolaire du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25508/25508.pdf.
Full textTEZENAS, DU MONTCEL LAURENT. "Ressources fourrageres et alimentation des ruminants domestiques en zone sud-sahelienne (burkina faso, yatenga). Relation avec les techniques de conduite." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112481.
Full textAlpha, Gado Boureima. "Sécheresse et famines au Sahel : crises alimentaires et stratégies de subsistances en Afrique sahélienne (Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger)." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070079.
Full textThis study is divided into three volumes. The first contains a critical analysis of the main oral and written sources used (chronicles, archives), a presentation of the state of knowledge on these questions and a detailed inventory of sources. The third volume contains the annexes. The main body of the study is to be found in volume ii subdivided into three sections. The first, entitled 'ecology and history', consists of three reflections on the nature of the sahel (perceived from the outside, through publications, actions of public authorities and international organisations ; seen from within, through the statements and daily life of the populations ; as it appears in this study, through the changes imposed by developments, since 1850, forced by the difficulties of the environment and human activity. Particular stress is laid on the factors causing ecological disequilibrium (drought, locust invasion, epidemics) and the impact of human factors (demography, conflicts). An attempt of a periodisation of the main phases of the economic and social evolution of the sahel ends the first section. The second section consists of a detailed study of the most severe crises in food production as revealed by oral sources and documents. The third section provides a comparative analysis of the different approaches to food production in the region (traditional and modern subsistence strategies, food aid)
Cames, Cécile. "Acceptabilité et faisabilité des recommandations de l'OMS pour l'alimentation des enfants nés de mères infectées par le VIH au cours de la première année de postpartum, au Burkina Faso." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066072.
Full textOuedraogo, Nikiema Laetitia. "Efficacité d'une approche de counseling centré sur le patient dans la prévention et le traitement de la malnutrition aiguë modérée du jeune enfant, en milieu rural, au Burkina Faso." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/261993.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences de la santé Publique
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Daboné, Charles. "Le double fardeau de la malnutrition à l’âge scolaire en milieu urbain : une étude au Burkina Faso." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7013.
Full textThe aim of this study carried out in Ouagadougou was to assess the nutritional status of schoolchildren and to assess their lifestyle practices as well as their food habits and determinants, for the guidance and evaluation of a nutrition intervention. The cross-sectional survey included 799 schoolchildren in 5th grade (mean age 11.7 ± 1.4y) attending 12 private or public, urban or peri-urban schools. Weight, height, blood pressure and haemoglobin were measured and thyroid palpation was performed. Fasting serum lipids, glycaemia and serum retinol were measured in a sub-sample (N=208). A questionnaire was filled in classroom to assess consumption frequency of ‘healthy’ foods (fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, legumes) and ‘unhealthy’ items (cakes, cookies, candies, ice, soda) and underlying factors as well as hygiene and physical activity practices. Deficiencies signs were: low serum retinol, anaemia, thinness, stunting and goitre whereas cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) signs consisted of elevated blood pressure (BP), overweight/obesity, hyperglycaemia, and dysglyceamia. At least one malnutrition sign was found in 57% pupils. Anaemia (40.4 %) and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) (38.7 %) were highly prevalent. Stunting affected 8.8% of children while thinness affected 13.7 % of them. Anaemia (p = 0.001) and DVA (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in public than private schools. Goitre was not detected. Overweight/obesity was rare (2.3 %). Thinness and stunting were significantly higher in peri-urban compared to urban schools. At least one CRF was found in 36% schoolchildren. The main risk factors were low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) (19.3%) followed by high total cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol (11.6% each) and elevated systolic blood pressure (9.7%). Being a girl was independently associated with increased serum lipids including HDL-C paradoxically. Body Mass Index was independently associated with increased BP. It was found that the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) affected 27.5% children. Consumption scores of unhealthy food were significantly higher than healthy foods’ (p= 0.001). During the week prior to the survey, 25% of children had eaten no fruit, 20% no meat, 20% no legume, while 18.3% ate ice pop every day. Compared to public-school pupils, those from private schools consumed both healthy and unhealthy items more frequently. Urban school children had significantly higher unhealthy food scores compared to peri-urban schools. Children’s healthy and unhealthy food consumption was primarily explained by perceived control and availability for both types of foods, and maternal reinforcement for healthy foods and peers’ reinforcement for consumption of unhealthy items among the investigated explanations. This study showed that malnutrition is widely prevalent in schoolchildren in cities, concurrently with a sizeable prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Preventive measures should be tailored to prevent both dietary inadequacies and excess.
Ce travail financé par l'ACDI a été réalisé au Laboratoire TRANSNUT de l'Université de Montréal (Canada)en collaboration avec le Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (Burkina Faso) et HKI-Burkina Faso.
Zeba, Augustin Nawidimbasba (ZAN). "Transition nutritionnelle et double fardeau de la malnutrition chez des adultes de Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso (Afrique de l’Ouest)." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8754.
Full textThis study is a part of a project on the double burden of malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa, developed and implemented by TRANSNUT, a WHO collaborating centre on nutrition changes and development, of the Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, in collaboration with its partners in Burkina Faso (Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé and Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population). The study is among the first to focus on the double burden of malnutrition in French speaking Africa and aimed to describe the occurrence of the double burden among adults living in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, by determining its prevalence and to what extent it was related to life style factors. More specifically, the study aimed to: 1) describe nutrition deficiencies, cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRF) and double burden phenotypes, to 2) examine the relationship between lifestyle characteristics and the double burden of malnutrition, and finally, 3) to examine the relationship between subclinical inflammation and both CMRF and nutrition deficiencies. We hypothesised that: ‘among the adults of Ouagadougou, the more frequent phenotype of double burden of malnutrition is the association of overweight/obesity with at least one micronutrient deficiency, which is more prevalent in women’; ‘an inadequate quality of the diet related to poor socioeconomic and living conditions is associated to both CMRF and micronutrients deficiencies’ and finally, that ‘subclinical inflammation is a mediator variable between lifestyle and both CMRF and nutrition deficiencies’. We carried out a population based cross-sectional study, descriptive and analytical, with a random sample of 330 adults aged 25-60y, selected from the population observatory of Ouagadougou located in the northern district. This sample was stratified in three income groups using household assets as a proxy of socioeconomic status, with 110 subjects in the following three income strata: low, middle and high. Each subject provided sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical and lifestyle data and a blood sample for the assessment of the following study variables: age, and socioeconomic conditions (food insecurity, education and income); lifestyle factors (dietary intake and diet quality, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco consumption, body image perception, and psychosocial stress); subclinical inflammation; CMRF (overweight/obesity, high blood pressure or hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance); nutritional deficiency markers ( underweight, anaemia, iron and vitamin A deficiencies); the double burden of malnutrition phenotypes featured by combining CMRF with nutrition deficiencies factors. We reported a high prevalence of overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and low concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which was 24.2%, 12.5%, 21.9%, 22.3%, 25.1%, and 30.0% respectively. When using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) cut-offs for abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and hyperglycaemia, their prevalence were 23.5%, 36.1%, and 34.5% respectively. Anaemia, iron and vitamin A deficiencies and underweight were found in 25.5%, 15.4%, 12.7%, and 9.7% of subjects, respectively. Women were more affected by both CMRF and deficiencies than men. When combining CMRF and deficiencies within the same individual, the double burden of malnutrition was reported in 23.5% of subjects and even in 25.8% of them when IDF cut-offs for abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and hyperglycaemia were used. Two main phenotypes were reported: the co-occurrence of ‘overweight/obesity with at least one micronutrient deficiency’, with a prevalence rate of 7.8% (11.8 % ♀ vs. 3.4 % ♂); and the co-occurrence of ‘CMRF other than overweight/obesity with at least one micronutrient deficiency’, with a prevalence rate of 9.0% (12.4 % ♀ vs. 5.4 % ♂). This prevalences was higher when using IDF cut-offs instead of WHO cut-offs. Finally, 72.9% of the subjects exhibited at least one CMRF and even 81.2% of the subjects when using IDF cut-offs. We also identified in this study population two dietary patterns: “urban” and “traditional”. Nutritional deficiencies were associated with ‘traditional’ dietary pattern, whereas CMRF were found in both patterns without statistical difference. The “urban” dietary pattern was significantly more common in men, high income subjects, whereas low income subjects and women were significantly more numerous in the ‘traditional’ one. Time devoted to sedentary activities was significantly higher than time spent in moderate to vigorous activities. Time in moderate to vigorous activities was significantly and negatively associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat mass, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceridemia, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while BMI and WC were associated to sedentary time. The double burden of malnutrition was associated to low income status, women, and sedentary time. We reported that 39.4% of the subjects exhibited subclinical inflammation, which was independently and positively associated with serum ferritin, BMI, WC, body fat mass, and negatively to HDL-C. Body image evaluation revealed that overweight was perceived as desirable body image among the study subjects. Psychosocial stress was associated with hypertension and subjects who probably faced stunting during infancy (using Cormic Index) exhibited significantly higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. The results allowed us to achieve the study objectives and confirm our hypotheses. CMRF represents an overwhelming issue in adults of Ouagadougou complicated with their coexistence with nutritional deficiencies, also highly prevalent. A nutrition transition is at play in the city, contributing to lifestyle changes favorable to the double burden of malnutrition in such a context where the early life nutritional conditions of the subjects may put them at further enhancement of CMRF. The progression of this prevalence can still be averted or at least be slowed if suitable actions were taken from now.
Zeba, Augustin Nawidimbasba. "Transition nutritionnelle et double fardeau de la malnutrition chez des adultes de Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso (Afrique de l’Ouest)." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8754.
Full textThis study is a part of a project on the double burden of malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa, developed and implemented by TRANSNUT, a WHO collaborating centre on nutrition changes and development, of the Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, in collaboration with its partners in Burkina Faso (Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé and Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population). The study is among the first to focus on the double burden of malnutrition in French speaking Africa and aimed to describe the occurrence of the double burden among adults living in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, by determining its prevalence and to what extent it was related to life style factors. More specifically, the study aimed to: 1) describe nutrition deficiencies, cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRF) and double burden phenotypes, to 2) examine the relationship between lifestyle characteristics and the double burden of malnutrition, and finally, 3) to examine the relationship between subclinical inflammation and both CMRF and nutrition deficiencies. We hypothesised that: ‘among the adults of Ouagadougou, the more frequent phenotype of double burden of malnutrition is the association of overweight/obesity with at least one micronutrient deficiency, which is more prevalent in women’; ‘an inadequate quality of the diet related to poor socioeconomic and living conditions is associated to both CMRF and micronutrients deficiencies’ and finally, that ‘subclinical inflammation is a mediator variable between lifestyle and both CMRF and nutrition deficiencies’. We carried out a population based cross-sectional study, descriptive and analytical, with a random sample of 330 adults aged 25-60y, selected from the population observatory of Ouagadougou located in the northern district. This sample was stratified in three income groups using household assets as a proxy of socioeconomic status, with 110 subjects in the following three income strata: low, middle and high. Each subject provided sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical and lifestyle data and a blood sample for the assessment of the following study variables: age, and socioeconomic conditions (food insecurity, education and income); lifestyle factors (dietary intake and diet quality, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco consumption, body image perception, and psychosocial stress); subclinical inflammation; CMRF (overweight/obesity, high blood pressure or hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance); nutritional deficiency markers ( underweight, anaemia, iron and vitamin A deficiencies); the double burden of malnutrition phenotypes featured by combining CMRF with nutrition deficiencies factors. We reported a high prevalence of overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and low concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which was 24.2%, 12.5%, 21.9%, 22.3%, 25.1%, and 30.0% respectively. When using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) cut-offs for abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and hyperglycaemia, their prevalence were 23.5%, 36.1%, and 34.5% respectively. Anaemia, iron and vitamin A deficiencies and underweight were found in 25.5%, 15.4%, 12.7%, and 9.7% of subjects, respectively. Women were more affected by both CMRF and deficiencies than men. When combining CMRF and deficiencies within the same individual, the double burden of malnutrition was reported in 23.5% of subjects and even in 25.8% of them when IDF cut-offs for abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and hyperglycaemia were used. Two main phenotypes were reported: the co-occurrence of ‘overweight/obesity with at least one micronutrient deficiency’, with a prevalence rate of 7.8% (11.8 % ♀ vs. 3.4 % ♂); and the co-occurrence of ‘CMRF other than overweight/obesity with at least one micronutrient deficiency’, with a prevalence rate of 9.0% (12.4 % ♀ vs. 5.4 % ♂). This prevalences was higher when using IDF cut-offs instead of WHO cut-offs. Finally, 72.9% of the subjects exhibited at least one CMRF and even 81.2% of the subjects when using IDF cut-offs. We also identified in this study population two dietary patterns: “urban” and “traditional”. Nutritional deficiencies were associated with ‘traditional’ dietary pattern, whereas CMRF were found in both patterns without statistical difference. The “urban” dietary pattern was significantly more common in men, high income subjects, whereas low income subjects and women were significantly more numerous in the ‘traditional’ one. Time devoted to sedentary activities was significantly higher than time spent in moderate to vigorous activities. Time in moderate to vigorous activities was significantly and negatively associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat mass, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceridemia, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while BMI and WC were associated to sedentary time. The double burden of malnutrition was associated to low income status, women, and sedentary time. We reported that 39.4% of the subjects exhibited subclinical inflammation, which was independently and positively associated with serum ferritin, BMI, WC, body fat mass, and negatively to HDL-C. Body image evaluation revealed that overweight was perceived as desirable body image among the study subjects. Psychosocial stress was associated with hypertension and subjects who probably faced stunting during infancy (using Cormic Index) exhibited significantly higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. The results allowed us to achieve the study objectives and confirm our hypotheses. CMRF represents an overwhelming issue in adults of Ouagadougou complicated with their coexistence with nutritional deficiencies, also highly prevalent. A nutrition transition is at play in the city, contributing to lifestyle changes favorable to the double burden of malnutrition in such a context where the early life nutritional conditions of the subjects may put them at further enhancement of CMRF. The progression of this prevalence can still be averted or at least be slowed if suitable actions were taken from now.
Khachab, Zeina. "Étude d’impact : analyse des données de fréquence alimentaire, d’activité physique et d’image corporelle chez des enfants d’âge scolaire au Burkina Faso." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20420.
Full textBougma, Karim. "Huile de palme rouge au Burkina Faso: Qualité et consommation par les femmes de la zone de production et impact sur leur statut en vitamine A." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3012.
Full textThe research activities of the phase III of the Red Palm Oil (RPO) project in Burkina Faso included a baseline study with 150 women of the RPO production area randomly selected by the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) random walk method. Their vitamin A (VA) status was assessed by HPLC and their dietary intake of VA by a food frequency questionnaire. The knowledge, perceptions, use and consumption patterns of RPO were assessed by individual interviews with a questionnaire. A comparative study on the physico-chemical, nutritional, microbiological and sensory quality of 13 RPO samples from different countries was also carried. The prevalence of low serum retinol was 10.7% and the dietary intake of VA was provided up to 90% by plant foods. Only 5.9% of women involved in RPO production presented a low retinol compared with 20.8% of women not producing RPO. The quality of the RPO samples was adequate although the microbiological counts were borderline for some samples. None of the samples presented an outstanding quality profile according to the criteria used. The study shows that provitamin A-rich plant foods, and RPO in particular as the highest source, can sustain an adequate VA status. The risk of contamination of RPO during retailing needs to be tackled through awareness and training in best manipulation practices. Key words: Red palm oil, vitamin A, food diversification, quality, Burkina Faso.