Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nourrissons – Développement'
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Lhote, Myriam. "Le développement de la mémoire haptique de la naissance à quatre mois." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H092.
Full textSutter-Dallay, Anne-Laure. "Impact des symptômes dépressifs maternels postnataux précoces sur le développement cognitif et moteur du nourrisson." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21345.
Full textPostnatal depression, very frequent during the postpartum period, is likely to influence child development ; few studies investigated the specific impact of early postnatal depressive symptoms (PNDS). To assess i) the impact of obstetrical complications (OC's) and of behavioral characteristics of the new-born on PNDS at 6 weeks ii) whether 6 week PNDS predict impaired child development independently from later maternal depressive symptoms iii) direct and indirect effects of these factors on child development at 6 months and 2 years. 598 dyads were followed up over 2 years, with repeated measures of maternal PNDS and child development. The children of mothers with PNDS at 6 w. Were more likely to present with poor cognitive outcome, association partly explained by the existence of maternal depressive symptoms over the follow-up. OC's and new-born behavioral characteristics didn't change these results. Causal pathways analyses show effects of new-born behavioral characteristics and of anxious disorders during pregnancy on child's development. Child developmental outcome might be influenced by both antenatal and postnatal maternal factors as well as by early infants’ factors
Boulanger, Stéphanie. "Le risque socioéconomique et le développement cognitif de l'enfant : contribution de l'environnement familial, de la sensibilité maternelle et des facteurs biologiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28853/28853.pdf.
Full textBrion, Françoise. "Le devenir de l'enfant prématuré : effets de la sur-stimulation précoce." Lille 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL30008.
Full textCristo, Borrero Martha. "El desarrollo cognitivo hasta 12 meses del niño prematuro y el programa madre canguro : comparación con niños a término." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/51718.
Full textBertrand, Samuel. "Incidence du développement de la "conscience parentale de l'Autre-bébé" durant la grossesse sur la qualité des intéractions précoces (0-3 mois)." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H031.
Full textResearches on early interactions and the baby question more and more intersubjectivity and subject definitions of which have become deficient in psychology. After having discovered a foundation of these in phenomenology, the hypothesis is made that the quality of early interactions (0-3 months) is correlated with the development of "consciousness of the Other one-as a baby", appearing in prenatal parental representations and underlain by foeto-parental relation, reflexive function and narrativity of parents, during pregnancy. This hypothesis was tested on 13 primiparous couples, followed frm the third month of pregnancy of the infant. From a qualitative approach and a desciptive methodology, the results show that early interactions (dyadics and triatics) are all the more appropriate as the parental consciousness of baby is developed. This "consciousness of baby" is formed all the more early during pregnancy that the parents have "integrated/balanced representations. The quality of these prenatal parental representaitons is linked to the harmonious development in the one hand of foeto-parental relation, in which the analogical aperception phenomenologic occupies a central place, on the other hand of narrativity and reflexive function of parents, which allow, or not, a growing incarnation of the subject in a position of narrator distanced from its narrative, in which, the other and the self exist, together. Finally, this research shows the necessity to consider parents-child realtion and its evolution, at the intrapsychic and the dyadic in the primary triangle
Damon, Fabrice. "Développement des préférences pour la familiarité chez le nourrisson." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS033/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to examine of the development of face category formation using infants’ visual preferences. We investigated the mechanisms leading to differential face preferences by integrating them in the theoretical framework developed by Valentine (1991), the face-space. We proposed that the way perceptual experience shape the structure of the face-space is a determinant of infants’ face preferences. We postulated that faces close to the central tendency of the face-space (i.e., prototype) will be preferred. We first reported a bias to look more toward adult faces than infant faces from birth to 6 month of age (Studies 1 and 2). Adult faces correspond to a frequently encountered category while infant faces represent a less frequently encountered category. We also showed a downturn of this familiarity bias as infants grow older (Study 3). The preferences showed by younger infants might be linked to a form of false recognition of the caregivers’ faces, due to the massive exposure to these faces. This pattern of preferences was not found in 3-to 12-month-olds presented with child and infant faces (Studies 4 and 5). Conversely, infants showed a tendency to prefer the less familiar faces, depending on their perceptual experience. We then studied 9- and 12-month-olds’ abilities to form categories of faces differing by age, i.e., adult, child, and infant faces, (Study 6). Twelve-month-olds formed discrete categories of adult and infant faces in one hand, and of child and infants faces on the other hand. Nine month-olds showed an asymmetric pattern of behavior, forming categories of child faces that exclude a new infant face, and categories of infant faces that include a new child face. All these infants being exposed to infant faces via nursery, the asymmetry might stem from the influence of the knowledge of this category of faces. In the last study (Study 7), we tried to provide more direct evidences of the link between face preferences and the distance from the prototype in two different populations: 12-month-old human infants, and 3-month-old macaque infants (Macaca mulatta). Preferences for faces close to the prototype in both species suggest a common mechanism leading to face preferences
Champs, de Saint Léger Christophe de. "Etude épidémiologique des enfants nés en 1983 dans le Puy-de-Dôme : leur devenir à deux ans." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF11036.
Full textRose, Isabelle. "Les effets de la contingence lors d'une tâche d'habituation visuelle chez les nourissons de 3 et 6 mois." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18309.
Full textMoreno, Martin. "Aux sources des manifestations de la vie psychique : Processus de psychisation et observation directe en psychanalyse." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC076.
Full textCottard, Marc. "Développement précoce de la vision : mécanismes expérimentaux et études cliniques." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1S009.
Full textEsseily, Rana. "Observational learning of new manual skills in the first two years of life." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H106.
Full textImitation has been widely studied in human infants, with particular attention given to the age at which they begin to imitate simple actions from observing others. Imitative learning of new skills, and its contribution to the development of the infant's motor repertoire, has been investigated much less. The goal of this thesis was to evaluate at what age, and under which modeling conditions, the observation of a model helps infants learn a new skill. In our first experiment, we assessed 8- to 18-month-old infants' observational learning of novel actions. The results showed some change in behavior following observation starting 10 months of age; however, the difference between spontaneous manipulation and manipulation after observation did not reach significance before 15 months of age. Since imitative learning is an important way of acquiring new skills, it may have been involved in the evolution of human cognition, and it is therefore interesting to investigate it in non-human primates. We compared infants' performance with that of three macaques on the same tasks and with the same demonstration protocol. Whereas some infants imitatively learned very complex tasks such as tool use, macaques were only capable of imitating some of the simplest tasks targeted for 8- and 10-month-old infants. These findings are consistent with studies showing that despite their high level of manipulation skills, monkeys are poor imitators. However, while macaques did not learn complex tasks by imitation from a human model, one observation led us to hypothesize that a conspecific model, as opposed to a human model, might enhance observational learning. We then investigated the influence of social context on imitative learning in a series of experiments with 10-month-old infants—the age at which they began to change their behavior after observing a model in our first study. We tested the influence of the status of the model showing the target action, as well as the effect of the amount of social cues provided during modeling. Infants were tested on a task usually performed with success a month later. The infants' gaze direction was tracked in all of these experiments. We first compared imitative learning when either an adult or a peer demonstrated the action on video. In the next experiments, we tested the importance of social context for imitation: we either removed social reference by presenting a model with the face not visible, or we added communicative cues by presenting an adult talking to the infant before the demonstration. Finally, in the last experiment we tested the effect of using video modeling by presenting a live model demonstrating the targe action. The results showed that 10-month-old infants imitatively learned to the same extent from a peer model and an adult model, as well as from a video model and a live model. Imitative learning was not possible in the absence of social reference, but it did not improve, and was even slightly delayed, when the model provided verbal communicative cues. However, eye tracking data showed that, whereas infants were mostly attracted to faces in the absence of communicative cues, their attention was clearly directed toward the object by communicative cues, especially for those infants who succeeded at the task. These results partly support the theory of "natural pedagogy," which holds that communicative cues are important for learning new skills. Future work aims at further investigating the "like me" theory by testing infants' performance with non-human models demonstrating the target action
Turati, Chiara. "Il riconoscimento del volto nei primi mesi di vita : l'emergere di un sistema cognitivo specializzato." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H068.
Full textMoulin, Jean-Paul. "Pratiques aquatiques du jeune enfant et développement de l'autonomie : étude longitudinale de l'influence des pratiques aquatiques sur le développement de l'autonomie de l'enfant, de l'âge de 9 mois à celui de 30 mois." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20086.
Full textThe aim of this study is to analyze the effects of the practice of swimming activities on the development of the infant's autonomy. It is a longitudinal comparative study. Two groups, one being experimental (its children attended swimming pool sessions), the other being a point of reference (the children didn't attend any swimming pool sessions) each consisted of 12 children aged 9 months in the beginning of the experiment were followed for 21 months. A set of questions has made it possible to select the children and harmonize the groups. Two different approaches were used. One called psychometric in which Griffiths' mental scales were used, the other an ethopsychological approach, based on the observations of the children of both groups at the day-nursery, with the help of the glossary of the behaviors that we have built up. These two approaches are complementary, as they have enabled us to measure the different aspects of autonomy. We have shown the significant differences between the two groups. The group of children who attended the swimming pool sessions get higher scores on Griffiths' development scales, than those of the reference group, as far as the general quotient and the three fields assessed by the test, "locomotor development", "personal-social development", and "performance" are concerned. The children of the experimental group show at the day-nursery more communication-oriented behaviors than the children of the reference group. Finally, the children of the experimental group get better results than those of the reference group as far as a whole set of behaviors that we have brought together by the name of autonomy is concerned. The whole set of the results of this research incites us to think that the practice of swimming activities has a positive effect on the development of the infant's autonomy, but the reasons which bring about this effect are many and difficult to determine
Poncet, Fanny. "Discrimination des expressions faciales et environnement olfactif – Corrélats cérébraux en électroencéphalographie (EEG) chez l’adulte et le très jeune enfant." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK063.
Full textThis thesis examines the mechanisms subtending the perception of emotional facial expressions and their early development using a Fast Periodic Visual Presentation (FPVS) approach coupled with electroencephalography (EEG). More specifically, we tried to characterize brain responses reflecting facial expression discrimination and to determine whether hedonic odor contexts influence these responses in adults (studies 1 and 2), and in infants at different developmental stages (studies 3 and 4).We showed specific responses to the discrimination of every facial expression in the adult brain, indicating rapid and automatic categorization of basic facial expressions (study 1). In addition, we revealed that hedonic odor contexts influence these expression-specific brain responses. While the response to happiness is unchanged, the response to disgust is weaker in both pleasant and unpleasant odor contexts. The odor effect is strong for the response to neutrality, this response being nearly absent in the unpleasant odor context vs. larger in the pleasant context. Hedonic odors could thus orient facial expression perception toward their own emotional valence, or toward the valence of the odor for the emotionally ambiguous neutral expression, hampering or facilitating their discrimination from the other mainly negative expressions (study 2). In infants, a first study isolated brain responses to the discrimination of facial expressions in 3.5- and 7-month-olds (study 3). In particular, we observed that the response to happiness evolves between 3.5- and 7-month-old (additional fronto-central activity), suggesting the progressive integration of the emotional meaning of this positive expression. The second study has been initiated in 7-month-old infants to test the influence of a pleasant hedonic odor context on the specific brain response to happiness (study 4, ongoing study). This study seems to indicate that the response is larger in a pleasant rather than neutral odor context.These results reveal that facial expressions are readily discriminated in adults, hedonic odor contexts orienting perception toward emotional valence rather than related basic emotions. Emotional valence may be acquired early in development, before 7 months, since the discrimination of happiness (positive) from other expressions (mainly negative) evolves at this age. Moreover, at 7 months, the perception of happiness seems facilitated by the presence of a pleasant odor context. Hence, due to the early functional maturity of the olfactory system, odors may actively participate in acquiring the emotional meaning of facial expressions during early development and facilitate the perception of expressions whose emotional meaning is ambiguous in adults. Overall, our work sheds new light on the role of multisensory integration during early perceptual development and opens interesting perspectives to investigate typical and atypical socio-cognitive and affective development
Landureau, Bernard. "Importance de l'échange de regards dans le développement de l'attachement de la mère à son enfant handicapé pendant la première année." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131024.
Full textLefèvre, Carole. "Posture, tonus musculaire et attention visuelle chez les nourrissons de 3 et 5 mois." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H043.
Full textLeroy, François. "Etude Méthodologique et Structurale du Développement Cérébral en IRM : Application aux Aires du Langage dans une Population de Nourrissons." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633171.
Full textLeroy, François. "Etude méthodologique et structurale du développement cérébral en IRM : applications aux aires du langage dans une population de nourrissons." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066800.
Full textNewborns not only recognize their mother tongue at birth but are also capable of distinguishing far better than their mothers the totality of sounds of languages spoken on earth. What is the particular organization of the human brain that permits such linguistic abilities? During my Ph. D. , I studied language areas in the brain’s anatomy to better understand the early acquisition of language in life. Anatomy was described and analyzed by using magnetic resonance images (MRI) on infant brains. With the help of Neurospin research teams, I built the following methodological tools: We first proposed a cortical segmentation framework to deal with the weak image contrast during the first months of life. This method is based on several image properties of tissues and requires no atlas. Two initial segmentations, which are set on each side of the cortex, are deformed so as to converge at the gray-white matter interface. Segmentation results were very good for younger infants, i. E. , neonates (Dice coefficient = 0. 89). Then, we defined a maturation index based on the cortical image intensity. As it was expected, the index strongly increased with age in every region of interest (R2=0. 88). Index variations are most likely due to a decrease of water content related to membrane proliferation. In MR images, we manually drew cortical sulci within language areas. We then measured asymmetry and maturation indices along these sulci. Early organization was found in language areas close to the one reported in adults for both indices. A little-known depth asymmetry was found at the superior temporal sulcus. The deepest part of this sulcus onthe right hemisphere might be a lifelong landmark, whereas the shallower left sulcus would be related to a more segmented pattern. Also, we characterized the early forward and upward shift of the posterior end of the right Sylvian fissure. Moreover we confirmed the asymmetrical sizes of both the planum temporale and the Heschl’s gyrus. These asymmetries might be related to a larger connectivity in the left areas as well as to interhemispheric differences in processing auditory stimuli, specifically speech. As for the maturation index, the index value of the Broca’s area was far from being the lowest among language areas, which is at odds with the common opinion that prefrontal regions are immature at birth. We also reported a decrease of the maturation index along a dorso-ventral axis in the temporal lobe, consistent with the hierarchical organization of linguistic processes. Last of all, maturation indices of both Broca’s area and the posterior part of the superior temporal sulcus were correlated with another developmental index (fractional anisotropy) in the arcuate fasciculus. This correlation suggests the early development of the linguistic dorsal pathway between Broca’s area and temporo-parietal regions. We discuss in the end the genetic origins and mechanisms of this organization, suggesting that some innate modules might be dedicated to process speech. The results presented in this thesis bring further questions: if the asymmetry of the superior temporal sulcus means a more segmented pattern on the left hemisphere, what are the consequences of such segmentation on the linguistic processes? Furthermore, what role does the dorsal pathway play in language lateralization?
Boukhalfa, Naïma. "Les troubles dépressifs pendant la grossesse et leurs impacts possibles sur le développement de l'enfant : approches psychodynamique et neuroscientifique." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070047.
Full textThe relationship between child psychiatry, general psychiatry and the perinatal network of the Val d'Oise has allowed the realization of a study about the specificities of antenatal depression and its potentiel impact on the development of the child to corne, taking into account a poly factorial context. This study included 439 pregnant women, and secondarily their baby. It objectified actual clinical psychopathological, neuro scientific, therapeutical and classificatory characteristics of prenatal depression. It emphasized the relevance of antenatal detection and following in the evolutionary perspective. It led to the development of a self-administered questionnaire as a screening tool for depression during pregnancy. The exhaustiveness of the number of dyads / triads included, and the diachronic of the following from pregnancy to the end of the first year of the child, have identified certain factors which intersect at the time of a disturbance of the baby development. In this case, it concerns the impact of early emotional relationship on affective, cognitive and cerebral development. This study specificity is the both psychodynamic and neuroscientificic integrative approach
Moisan, Caroline. "Les types de désorganisation de l'attachement et leurs distinctions en termes d'antécédents et d'aspects développementaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28197/28197.pdf.
Full textRose, Isabelle. "Les effets de la contingence lors d'une tâche d'habituation visuelle chez les nourrissons de 6 mois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66132.
Full textLavoie, Chantale. "L'habituation visuelle chez le nourrisson de cinq mois : fidélité des mesures obtenues à l'aide d'un nouveau critère d'habituation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ55596.pdf.
Full textTounga, Jacques. "Le rôle du père dans le cadre de la dynamique parentale : son influence dans le développement socio-personnel de l'enfant gabonais : cas de l'enfant mbédé." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20028.
Full textThis study presents the parental systems' evolution to Gabon, consequence of deep socials transformations. The father has became the first responsible for the child to the detriment of the maternal uncle, guarantor of the ancestral authority. Our purpose was to grasp the repartition and the specificity of father's, mother's and maternal uncle's roles beside the mbédé child. Under the parental authority, the child weaves a series of socio-affective relationships and starting from here it defines its autonomy, identifies, socializes and builds him self. The study was lead next to then families (each in turn consisting of a father, a mother, a maternal uncle and a boy) appertaining of a fortunate environment. The explicative variable: the parental dynamics is measured whit a semi-directive questionnaire and have five dimensions. Those are: the socio-affective relationships, the authority, the care, the education and the parental roles. The variable to explain, the socio-personal development of the child, evaluated with a questionnaire and a non filmed observation, have four dimensions: the socio-affective relationships, the authority, the parental roles and the identification. The results present a parental dynamics very obvious beside the child, with a father who implicate him self progressively, a mother still present and a maternal uncle who is less present beside the child
Bussières, Ève-Line. "Stress maternel prénatal et développement précoce : données de naissance, attention et sécrétion cortisolaire à trois mois : association entre le stress maternel prénatal, l'âge gestationnel et le poids de naissance du bébé : une méta-analyse d'études prospectives : association entre le stress maternel prénatal, l'attention/éveil et la sécrétion cortisolaire de l'enfant à trois mois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29070/29070.pdf.
Full textCabrera, Laurianne. "Développement de la perception de la parole et du traitement auditif des modulations spectro-temporelles : études comportementales chez le nourrisson." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H112/document.
Full textThe goal of this doctoral research was to characterize the auditory processing of the spectro-temporal cues involved in speech perception during development. The ability to discriminate phonetic contrasts was evaluated in 6- and 10-month-old infants using two behavioral methods. The speech sounds were processed by “vocoders” designed to reduce selectively the spectro-temporal modulation content of the phonetically contrasting stimuli. The first three studies showed that fine spectro-temporal modulation cues (the frequency-modulation cues and spectral details) are not required for the discrimination of voicing and place of articulation in French-learning 6-month-old infants. As for French adults, 6-month-old infants can discriminate those phonetic features on the sole basis of the slowest amplitude-modulation cues. The last two studies revealed that the fine modulation cues are required for lexical-tone (pitch variations related to the meaning of one-syllable word) discrimination in French- and Mandarin-learning 6-month-old infants. Furthermore, the results showed the influence of linguistic experience on the perceptual weight of these modulation cues in both young adults and 10-month-old infants learning either French or Mandarin.This doctoral research showed that the spectro-temporal auditory mechanisms involved in speech perception are efficient at 6 months of age, but will be influenced by the linguistic environment during the following months. Finally, the present research discusses the implications of these findings for cochlear implantation in profoundly deaf infants who have only access to impoverished speech modulation cues
Genestine, Schmitt Matthieu. "Etude fonctionnelle du système HGF/Met au cours du développement normal et pathologique du système nerveux central." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22072.pdf.
Full textSignals involved in development of the embryonic central nervous system can also play a role during adulthood, particularly in some pathologies. In order to analyze whether the HGF/Met system would have such functions, we generated met conditional mutant mice in which met is specifically removed in the nervous system. Using these mice, we have shown that 1) in the brain, Met is part of a system which controls the balance between excitatory and inhibitory circuits and 2) in the spinal cord, HGF/Met signaling is required in vivo for the survival of a specific subtype of motor neurons (MNs). We have also demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of HGF/Met in two pathological conditions such as the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and after optic nerve axotomy. In conclusion, this work has allowed us to show the trophic properties of HGF/Met during normal development of specific subtypes of MNs, and its neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative mouse models
Lestienne, Alain. "La dynamique de la dépression post-partum sur la socialisation de l'enfant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25324/25324.pdf.
Full textKiseleva, Anna. "L’efficience inverse de l'influence de l'odeur maternelle sur la catégorisation des visages chez le nourrisson." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCK082.
Full textThis thesis examines how the inverse effectiveness principle can be applied to the olfactory-to-visual interaction during infant development using fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) with a frequency-tagging approach in scalp electroencephalography (EEG). In particular, we have tried to confirm this principle based on the developmental improvement of vision (Study 1) and different visual demand at a given age (Study 2 and 3) as it was shown that infant visual perception can be facilitated by the reception of odor cues.We observed that a facilitation effect of maternal body odor on rapid face categorization gradually declines with the progressive maturation of the visual system from 4 to 12 months (Study 1), showing a developmental trade-off between vision and olfaction. This suggests that the strength of the odor effect is linked to the strength of the face-selective response, elicited here using quite complex naturalistic stimuli. Thus, in Study 2, we manipulated visual demand (i.e., simplifying the stimuli) in 4 month-old infants and found a stronger face-selective response in the less demanding categorization that led to the suppression of the odor effect. Taking in account the effective face categorization in 12-month-old brain linked with visual development, in Study 3, we instead increased visual demand by doubling the image presentation rate. As expected, a weaker face-selective response was measured, however the odor effect did not increase but rather reduced the response, suggesting a sensory overload.Overall, this dissertation demonstrates for the first time the application of the inverse effectiveness principle to olfaction during perceptual development, through Study 1 and 2. The stronger face-selective response (due to the sufficient maturation level of vision or decreased visual demand) leads to the weakest olfactory-to visual interaction (i.e. intersensory facilitation), however the low face-selective response not always links to the enhanced odor effect: only when visual system is not enough developed in the early infancy
Yilmaz, Ebru. "Les proto-narratifs musicaux dans l'interaction vocale mère-enfant : introduction d'un modèle communicationnel précoce dans une étude des dyades françaises et italiennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PA100016.
Full textNarrative has been a major area of enquiry in many disciplines in the social sciences. Narrative organization is described in everyday conversation, written text and in various art forms. Proto-narratives occurring at an early period of infancy have also been described by various authors following previous narrative studies and some additional properties peculiar to this stage of life. Many studies show that, around the second month of life, infants become active participants in social interaction. In developmental psychology, research focused especially on the timing of vocalizations that characterize infants’ participation and on musical aspects, such as pitch variation and tempo, of mother-infant protoconversations. Such proto-narrative episodes have been carefully described in largely qualitative studies. The aim of this thesis is to systematically explore the narrative patterning of vocal protoconversational exchange between mothers and infants. Collections of narrative episodes were identified, coded and analyzed from 2 corpora of everyday naturalistic audio recordings of protoconversations between mothers and their 2-to-3 month-old infants from Paris and Verona. Comparisons between French and Italian samples were conducted in order to identify a minimal set of acoustic features for a rich description of protoconversational narrative. Comparisons between narrative and non narrative episodes were conducted to test the acoustic-based model of proto-narrative and to explore verbal content features. Results demonstrate that French and Italian narratives showed similar patterns in acoustic measures and similar amounts of infant participation. Results also showed different patterns of acoustic features, as well as different verbal content markers, between narrative and non narrative episodes. Furthermore, we found that infants spend more time vocalizing in narratives than in non narrative episodes. As a whole, this research provides evidence of an early communicational pattern in relaxed everyday adult-infant interaction. The implications of the narrative organisation of preverbal communication and its relation to musicality are discussed
Thinnes, Sandrine. "Devenir des grossesses et des enfants conçus par ICSI : étude comparative avec la FIV conventionnelle." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M159.
Full textBourvis, Nadège. "Étude expérimentale de la communication non verbale en situation de stress aigu chez l'Humain en développement : un dialogue entre maturation physiologique et construction du lien d'attachement Pre-linguisticinfants employcomplex communicativeloopsto engagemothersinsocial exchangesandrepair interactionruptures Dynamics of Non-verbal Vocalizations and Hormones during Father-Infant Interaction." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS036.
Full textIn this thesis, we adress the issue of the co-building, in the individual human development, of the physiological stress response system, and the process of affective bonding. This work, both experimental and theoretical, is structured following two crucial periods of neurological developement in Humans : early infancy, and adolescence. In the first part, we present experimental results with infants (3-6 m.o.) interacting with a parent. We used quantitative methods that allow to analyze the audio signal according to two levels : speech turn and the use of infant-directed speech. In mother-infant interactions, we show that infants develop an active position in the reunion phase, after an abrupt interruption of the interaction (article 1). We also show that ocytocine taken by fathers do not change the vocal interaction during a Still Face protocol infant-father (article 2). In the second part of the work, we focus on adolescents with borderline personality disorder. We first present a review of the literature on the links between borderline personality and stress (paper 3). Then, we introduce a methodology to propose a multimodal analysis of individual stress response, that includes body movement, face movement, vegetative parameters and hormone levels. This protocol has been tested and validated on healthy subjects (article 4). We show haw it is currently developed to study adolescents with borderline personality disorder (in progress)
Fortin, Stéphanie. "Le risque socioéconomique et psychosocial chez les mères inuites durant l'année postnatale et ses effets sur le développement du nourrisson à 12 mois." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27953.
Full textCarpentier, Valérie. "Contribution à l'étude de l'ontogenèse des récepteurs de la somatostatine dans le tronc cérébral humain. Recherche d'une anomalie dans le syndrome de mort subite inexpliquée du nourrisson." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES021.
Full textMoras, Benjamin. "Fractionnement de protéines végétales pour le développement d'ingrédients alimentaires infantiles hypoallergéniques et à teneur réduite en phytoestrogènes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0070.
Full textThe objectives of these works were to develop industrial processes for the production of four infant food ingredients with hypoallergenic properties and reduced levels of phytoestrogens. For this purpose, the nutritional properties of the rice and soy protein are promising. However, due to the presence of phytoestrogens (isoflavones) the consumption of soy protein isolates is a big concern for infant food security because the high exposure to these compounds, known to be endocrine disruptors. Consequently, it was first intended to develop a soy protein isolate with reduced content of isoflavones below 50 μg/g following the recommendations of French and European health authorities. Rice protein isolates are either non-existent on the market, or extremely rare. Therefore, the development of rice protein isolate with a minimum content of 90 % protein was another objective. For the sensitive population, such as infants, the aim of this work was also to develop soy and rice protein hydrolysates conferring hypoallergenic properties. To achieve this goal, the reduction of the size of proteins and the control of their molecular weight was studied. Two methods were used to achieve high extractions yields. A study of ethanol extraction ranging from small-scale optimization to industrial scale was used for a final product with a residual content in isoflavones below 50 μg/g. The second method was to retain isoflavones on adsorption resin from a soy protein hydrolysate. This was possible without preliminary extraction step by solvent. This method was also tested in the industrial scale. The chromatographic behavior of different isoflavones was also studied. The extraction of isoflavones with subcritical water and supercritical CO2 is also presented in this thesis even though these methods were not retained. These pressurized extractions showed the influence of the polarity of isoflavones and the protein content of soy products onto the isoflavone extraction. These works also identified a novel process for the production of rice protein isolate by the hydrolysis of polysaccharides with cellulolytic enzymes and amylases from concentrated protein byproducts from the glucose syrup industry. Studies on less processed materials such as rice bran and flour were also studied for protein isolation. The study of the hydrolysis by proteases of soy and rice proteins were monitored by various indicators such as pH, protein solubility, the degree of hydrolysis, the molecular weight profile by electrophoresis, and size exclusion chromatography. These processes are enabled for the production of four new ingredients that will be tested for their hypoallergenic characteristics before a large scale production
Béclin, Adeline. "L'ancrage corporel et relationnel de la construction subjective de l'enfant face aux écrans : le Jeu de trois figures, un outil pour la relancer la symbolisation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC162.
Full textOur objective is to provide elements for reflection, based on the psychoanalytic corpus concerning the effects of early exposure to screens on psychic growth. This work focuses on the development of the baby and the young child by offering an analysis of the effects of this digital invasion in the psychological construction and the establishment of attachment. We wanted to approach this issue by firstly addressing the foundations of a child's psyche ; this in order to establish a theoretical framework for reflection and subsequently to better question the impact of screens on early interactions and the subjective construction of the child. From the very beginning a baby is influenced by interactions with its entourage,with in a singular environment. It is on the basic of the seen counters, the quality of its early interactions and the ability of the entourage to adapt the environment to the baby's needs, that the success of the baby's future individualisation will depend. Through our readings, the importance of physical and relational anchoring, appeared to us to be central to the deployment of the psyche. Play seemed to us to be the foundation of this physical and relational anchoring. We therefore thought it necessary for there to be play for the "I" to happen; or, in other words, that playful sharing as part of early interactions, constitutes a determining element in subjective construction. The “three faces” game, a prevention tool for children, has been the support of our clinical research. It offers a place for verbalisation around the many material images that flood the daily lives of children. It makes it possible to start from their physical experience caused by exposure to the screens and move towards a work of symbolisation. Multiple symbolisation such as: pictorial symbolisation ie by encouraging their representative capacity; verbal symbolisation ie by allowing the narrative construction of a story, and sensory motor symbolisation, ie by mobilising the body through the identification of mimics and the "game of pretending". It is at the intersection of these three dimensions-narrative construction, physical engagement and the ability to pretend - that a symbolic work can be engaged for the child. The results of this research show that J3F, adapted to the therapeutic framework, is a relevant tool for relaunching symbolisation processes
Dalbos-Bouillard, Barbara. "Facteurs de risque de la dépression du post-partum : matquid, 1995." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23073.
Full textMamoudou, Garba Abdourhamane. "Les répercussions des maltraitances physiques et psychologiques sur le développement de l'enfant de 6 mois à 3 ans et appartenance culturelle : place et enjeux psychiques de cet enfant dans la relation mère-enfant." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR148/document.
Full textThe goal of this research is to evaluate and understand the repercussions of physical and psychological abuse on the development of children who are victims. The focal point is to identify the mental appraisal the mother has of the child and how it inherently drives her to mistreat the child. The aim of the study was to ascertain the child’s place in the mother’s mental thoughts with the assumption of the portrayal of an infanticide fantasy at work. Culturally, it was pertinent to broaden the notion of abuse way beyond the common syndromes especially associated with children that act bizarre. The study aimed to understand the modalities of expression of the child below the age of three through behaviors externally and internally expressed. Fifteen children from 6 months to 3 years of age and their mothers were selected for this study. Different methods were used such as, the revised version of the Brunet-Lézine scale, the "Malette projective Petite enfance " test, observation and clinical research interviews. The results highlighted the act of fantasy in the 12 mothers in different forms. Right from the experience of pregnancy, to childbirth, to nursing the child, etc. and the effects of abuse that hinder the development of these children
Bayet, Laurie. "Le développement de la perception des expressions faciales." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS049/document.
Full textThis thesis addressed the question of how the perception of emotional facial expressions develops, reframing it in the theoretical framework of face perception: the separation of variant (expression, gaze) and invariant (gender, race) streams, the role of experience, and social attention. More specifically, we investigated how in infants and children the perception of angry, smiling, or fearful facial expressions interacts with gender perception (Studies 1-2), gaze perception (Study 3), and face detection (Study 4).In a first study, we found that adults and 5-12 year-old children tend to categorize angry faces as male (Study 1). Comparing human performance with that of several automatic classifiers suggested that this reflects a strategy of using specific features and second-order relationships in the face to categorize gender. The bias was constant over all ages studied and extended to other-race faces, further suggesting that it doesn't require extensive experience. A second set of studies examined whether, in infants, the perception of smiling depends on experience-sensitive, invariant dimensions of the face such as gender and race (Study 2). Indeed, infants are typically most familiar with own-race female faces. The visual preference of 3.5 month-old infants for open-mouth, own-race smiling (versus neutral) faces was restricted to female faces and reversed in male faces. The effect did not replicate with own- or other-race closed-mouth smiles. We attempted to extend these results to an object-referencing task in 3.5-, 9- and 12-month-olds (Study 3). Objects previously referenced by smiling faces attracted similar attention as objects previously cued by neutral faces, regardless of age group and face gender, and despite differences in gaze following. Finally, we used univariate (face side preference) and multivariate (face versus noise side decoding evidence) trial-level measures of face detection, coupled with non-linear mixed modeling of psychometric curves, to reveal the detection advantage of fearful faces (compared to smiling faces) embedded in phase-scrambled noise in 3.5-, 6-, and 12-month-old infants (Study 4). The advantage was as or more evident in the youngest group than in the two older age groups.Taken together, these results provide insights into the early ontogeny and underlying cause of gender-emotion relationships in face perception and the sensitivity to fear
Segond, Hervé. "Développement de la spécialisation manuelle et exploration tactilo-kinesthesique des objets chez le bébé de 2, 4 et 6 mois." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H089.
Full textNumerous asymmetries of movement, reaction and posture characterize the motor and perceptual development from fetal life. These asymmetries are supposed to contribute to the development of laterality and manual preferences. Most of the studies about early manual preference have concerned motor activities and eye-hand coordination through reaching and were confronted with important limits. The aim of our cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations was to study the existence and the development of asymmetry cues not only of the fine motor function but also of the perception during manual exploration in 2, 4 and 6 month-old infants. A haptic habituation procedure without visual control has been used for the first time so as to compare the manual performances and to look for early specialization cues in object holding, information processing about objects' shape, and between hand transfer of information. Two cues are proposed. The first one (QT) allows to determine the subject's manual laterality. The second one (QP) allows to determine the direction of manual specialization for the processing of haptic information on manipulated objects' shape characteristics. A change in function appears in the right hand in favor of a motor specialization in holding and transport activities of an object, while we observe a perceptual specialization of the left hand for the processing of spatial and haptic information which are related to characteristics of manipulated objects' shapes. This manual specialization, indicated by a quicker habituation and better discrimination capacities of the left hand compared to the right hand, appears earlier in girls than in boys, confirming thus a maturational lag between girls and boys (cf. Tanner, 1974-78). Moreover, our results confirm the model of the prenatal origins of manual laterality (Previc, 1991) since we can observe an influence of the fetal position on differences in holding time between the two hands on a small number of trials. Finally, our procedure of double habituation in the longitudinal study allows us to distinguish subjects who present a cerebral organization in mirror compared to the prototypical model
Baudry, Claire. "Interactions mère-enfant et le développement durant la petite enfance : un lien causal? : méta-analyse : Les interventions offertes aux mères adolescentes favorisent-elles le développement cognitif de leur enfant? Un examen critique du lien de causalité entre la qualité des interactions mère-enfant et le développement cognitif." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28850/28850.pdf.
Full textAcerra, Francesca (1970. "Modélisation d'un aspect du développement cognitif : la reconnaissance des visages dans la première année de vie." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11071.
Full textKuhn, Pierre. "Etude de la sensibilité auditive du nouveau-né grand prématuré aux stimulations sonores issues de son environnement." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ080/document.
Full textThe environment (E) of very preterm infant (VPI) greatly differs from the uterine E and contributes to his risk of altered neurodevelopment. Although auditory stimuli are prominent and atypical in the NICU, little is known about the auditory sensitivity of VPI to his acoustic E. It is evaluated through their physiological, behavioral, and brain (NIRS) responsiveness to auditory environmental changes. An observational study shows that i) VPIs respond to “naturalistic” auditory stimuli from a minimum signal-to-noise ratio threshold of 5-10 dBA, ii) some stimuli can affect their well-being (desaturation, sleep disruption), iii) their autonomic reactivity is the most sensitive. Their reactivity varies depending on the sound sources, suggesting an ability to discriminate vocal from non vocal sounds. An experimental approach assess other aspects of their auditory performance (impact of sound frequency, emotional valence of voices) and their maturation from 30-32 to 34-36 wks post-menstrual age. Their perceptual field of sound frequencies expands for pure tones from the middle frequencies (500-2500 Hz) to low and high frequencies (100 and 4500 Hz). After 34 wks, VPIs discriminate their mother's voice from that of another mother and of another woman (emotionally neutral). This preferential reactivity relies on a "cardiac orienting reflex" suggesting that VPI not exposed for weeks to their mother’s voice in utero, can develop perceptual abilities similar to those of the fetuses continuously exposed to the prosody of their mother’s voice. They open ways for further research on the long-term consequences of early auditory experience (attachment, language and emotions development)
Milovanovic, Ivana. "Rôle de la croissance ante et post natale dans le développement des maladies métaboliques : cohorte CASyMIR." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077075.
Full textBeing born small for gestational age (SGA) is related to later development of complex diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Our prospective cohort of children enrolled during fetal life aimed to establish the relationship between fetal growth, growth until the age of 4 and installation of metabolic disorders. In a comparative study, nested in the cohort CASyMIR, we have selected only children with family risk factors. They were, compared to children with normal birth weight, significantly lighter at birth and ail along the follow-up. No differences in any of the measured metabolic and hormonal parameters were observed between the two groups ail along the study. So, we assume that these children are constitutionally small children who are and will remain perfectly healthy. To meet the overall objective of the cohort CASyMIR , we investigated the profile of fetal growtt¬and postnatal growth in height and weight , body composition and metabolic profiles until the age of 4 years according to the birth weight. The aim was to assess insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in order to determine whether changes can be detected in SGA subjects early in life. We could show a deficiency of insulin secretion in children born SGA but without insulin resistance. Children born small showed early and modest catch-up growth, that seems to be a physiological phenomenon rather beneficial than harmful
Marciacq-Arroze, Eric. "Etude morphologique et épidémiologique sur les enfants fréquentant le centre de natation préscolaire de Pau." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25100.
Full textDavid, Morgane. "Le développement sensori-moteur des enfants prématurés : analyses des couplages tactilo-kinesthésique et visuo-audio-vestibulaire." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN1011.
Full textThe effect of the atypical sensorymotor experiences induced by prematurity on the sensori-motor development of preterm infants was investigate. Tactilo-kinesthetic interaction and visuo-vestibular interaction were studied. Tactilo-kinesthetic interaction was evaluated in 32 preterm newborn (34 GW), and in 32 term neonates (38 GW). An infant-controlled tactile habituation procedure was used. Holding time and Hand Pressure Frequency (HPF) were recorded. A habituation and a reaction to novelty was observed in term neonates for holding time and HPF. For preterm neonates, holding time highlighted a habituation. No reaction to the novelty was found. FPM remained unchanged between habituation and test. Preterm infant did not explore actively objects with the hand. The analysis of visuo-vestibular interaction concerned 15 preterm babies (33 GW) and 15 term babies (40 GW). Babies were tested in 3 months (AC). The magnitude of the responses was clearly related to the optic flow velocity in preterm and term infants. In preterm babies and contrary to term babies, time constancy was not related to the optic flow velocity. Preterm babies would not integrate the value of acceleration of the optic flow. This result could not be explained according to a general sensory integration deficit since results of a control study indicated a comparable effects of sensory dominance and sensory addition in term and preterm babies placed in a task of visuo-audio-vestibular interaction. Taken together, these results raises the question of the sensorimotor experiences preterm infants can generate in order to instrument these sensori-motor coordinations
Aidoud, Nacima. "Modulation de l'apport qualitatif post-natal en lipides sur le fonctionnement cérébral du nouveau-né." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0105.
Full textThe quality of lipids in infant formula is essential, especially in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These could promote the neurosensory development of the child. We thus evaluated 4 commercial standards containing plant or dairy lipids and supplemented or not with ARA / DHA, on the neurosensory development through an artificially feeding model "pups in the cups". In PET-cs, we observe that the supplementation in ARA / DHA makes it possible to normalize the cerebral functioning. The exploration of tissue lipids indicates differences in DHA which are particularly low with pure plant lipids intake. We propose an algorithm for predicting cerebral and ocular DHA via erythrocyte fatty acids profiles. In these tissues one-third of the DHA species are affected and correlated with brain activity. The neuromediators resulting from AL, ARA, DHA by the LOX pathway are impacted as well as the spatial distribution of DHA in IMS imaging. Other omics data underlined the impact of lipid background x combination DHA / ARA (transcriptomics) or lipid background (metabolomics) on the regulation of cerebral metabolism impacting neuronal metabolism and brain metabolism of the microbiota probably through the signalling of gut-brain axis. We then identify a metagenome sensitive to the addition of DHA / ARA correlated to brain function. Finally, epigenetic modifications (methylation of the genome and miRNA) affecting the FC group potentially suggest a long-term impact
Forma, Vincent. "Étude de la mobilité quadrupède en position ventrale chez le nouveau-né et le nourrisson humain." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB223/document.
Full textSelf-produced locomotion is a key stage in infant development, which usually begins with hand and knees crawling in the second semester of life. Since the moment of birth, however, newborns are already capable of autonomous propulsion from a prone position. This precocious form of quadrupedalism remains largely unstudied due in part to the fact that most researchers consider these creeping movements to constitute a mere reflex, destined dissipate as cortical development progresses. Under such an interpretation, this creeping « reflex » would have no link with mature, bipedal walking, would not recruit the upper limbs and would serve mainly as a mechanism by which newborns could reach the maternal breast. Contrary to this point of view, a handful of authors have observed that these patterns of locomotion seem complex, and might persist in some form until the age of 2-3 months. These observations invite us to consider the possibility that such primitive locomotion might be directly involved in the emergence of quadrupedal and bipedal gait. The present thesis examines the various characteristics (particularly cinematic) of this prone mobility, from birth to about six months of age. To this end, we describe the creation of an experimental tool that frees the use of a newborn's limbs and facilitates the aforementioned form of propulsion: the CrawliSkate. We present three studies showing that neonatal prone mobility goes beyond simple reflexes, involves coordination between the upper and lower limbs, and can be partially modified at birth at a supra-spinal level through visual stimulation. Lastly, we demonstrate that this pattern of locomotion persists, albeit with heavy modification, throughout the first semester of life
Broca, Alain de. "Prévention de la mort subite du nourrisson : analyse systémique et de défaillance du système nourrisson : évaluation de l'utilisation actuelle de moniteurs à domicile : développement d'un nouveau moniteur adapté à cet objectif." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD656.
Full textRicher, Geneviève. "Impact du traitement kangourou sur les contingences dans les interactions mères-enfants." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43104.
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