Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nourrissons – Maladies'
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Pinzani, Véronique. "Abord pratique d'une fièvre isolée chez le nourrisson de trois mois : à propos de 59 cas." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11150.
Full textQuerbes, Lesaffre Isabelle. "La bronchiolite du nourrisson." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11073.
Full textGuillo, Sylvie. "La lithiase biliaire du nourrisson." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11028.
Full textBiard, Christian. "Les malaises graves du nourrisson : à propos de quarante huit observations." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11212.
Full textCelimon, Laurence. "Les angiomes sous glottiques du nourrisson." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11058.
Full textPerera, Hélène Gaujoux. "Invagination intestinale aigue du nourrisson et de l'enfant : problèmes diagnostiques et attitudes thérapeutiques actuels." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11199.
Full textDupuy, Renée-Pierre. "Les épanchements péricérébraux du nourrisson : diagnostic, étude clinique, échographique et tomodensitométrique, risques évolutifs et pronostic : à propos de 171 cas." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11067.
Full textRunel, Belliard Camille. "Déficit isolé en cytochrome c oxydase : à propos d'un cas diagnostiqué chez un nourisson de 10 mois." Antilles-Guyane, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AGUY0130.
Full textCytochrome c oxydase deficiency is a defect in the activity of the fourth complex respiratory chain,where ATP is a produced. Its characteristics, like in all respiratory chain disorders,are a phenotypic heterogeneity due to a double genetic origin and to the heteroplasmy phenomena,and ,affection touching organs that required a lot of energy like brain, heart, liver, kidney and skeletal muscles. Clinical and biochemical diagnosis are possible, whereas enzyme activity diagnosis is extremely rare. It is an under diagnosed pathology that all physicians should know because it seems to be the most frequent one in the hereditary metabolism defects. Based on a case report,we overview all that is known about this pathology,its diagnostics facilities and its poor therapeutics possibilities
Colomer, Marie-Noe͏̈lle Marigo. "Reflux gastro oesophagien chez le nourrisson : indication de l'intervention chirurgicale précoce." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11114.
Full textGilland, Catherine. "Hématomes sous-duraux spontanés du nourrisson et hydrocéphalies externes." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11329.
Full textDabadie, Valérie. "Lithiase biliaire du nouveau-né et du nourrisson." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M064.
Full textTouvenot, Valérie. "Approche psychodynamique de la mort subite du nourrisson et des malaises inopinés : évaluation clinique comparative." Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN21026.
Full textSudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is still one of the major causes of post-neonatal death in industrialised countries. Apparent life-threatening events (ALTE) also often occur during the post-neonatal period and we may establish a relation between these two disorders. Although there may be many hypotheses about causes of these tragedies, they often remain unexplained. These disorders have hitherto been the domain of organicist medicine and has been little explored from the viewpoint of the family psycho-affective environment. This thesis is based on this question. The theoritical framework of the thesis is psychoanalysis, the psychosomatic theory of the Paris School and haptonomy or the science of affectivity. We tested five ethiological hypotheses. They refer to the organicist medical approach, the "explosive cycle" concept, transgenerational transmissions, the lack of a basic state of security and the contingencies of motherhood, respectively, without a priori giving greater importance to any one of them. We met three groups of ten subjects (families that had lost a baby to SIDS, families with a child who have suffered from ALTE and control families). We took down their testimonies during clinical interviews, guided by specific indicators. Our analysis of the contents of these interviews clearly shows that the four hypothese concerning the psychoaffective dimension are confirmed. There are however hierarchical differences that explain the different causes of the pathologies observed. We were able to highlight some factors of risk and protection, showing certain distinctive features for each of the two pathological groups. However, the differences were more pronounced in the two cases with the control group. The preventive measures proposed at the end of this study are based on this observation
Bobo, Jérôme. "Prise en charge préhospitalière des bronchiolites aigues du nourrisson." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11153.
Full textGaujard, Véronique. "Lithiase de la voie biliaire principale du nourrisson." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11043.
Full textMothes, Corinne. "Le pseudohypoaldostéronisme du nourrisson : à propos d'une observation." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25164.
Full textMercier, Claudine. "La prévention en pédiatrie : analyse et étude statistique des hospitalisations de nourrissons dans un service de pédiatrie en 1983 à Nantes : estimation des taux d'admissions et de pathologies liées à des carences de mesures préventives." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT3350.
Full textBissonnier, Séverine Sfez Annie. "Évaluation de la prise en charge diagnostique du malaise du nourrisson étude rétrospective portant sur 96 nourrissons hospitalisés à l'hôpital de Lagny Marne-La-Vallée entre 2000 et 2004 /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0487295.pdf.
Full textPiéchaud, Bernadette. "Parotidites suppurées néonatales : à propos de trois observations à staphylocoque doré." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25046.
Full textPontoizeau, Hélène. "Evolution actuelle de l'incidence des déshydratations du nourrisson : statistiques d'un service hospitalo-Universitaire de 1976 à 1989." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M049.
Full textSant'ana, Simas Roberta. "Histoires de bouches : de la bouche alimentaire à la bouche du langage : recherche d'indicateurs de risque de troubles du langages et de troubles alimentaires chez les bébés soumis à des contraintes alimentaires dans le cadres d'affections pédiatriques, malformatives ou métaboliques." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070056.
Full textThis research concerns the language bodily and interactive precursors' development of babies suffering from disabled orality (paediatric diseases that prevents or strongly interfere with mouth feeding during the first months after birth) verifying if it might interfere with setting up of language. It's an open longitudinal study of children from 3 months until 4 years old. It consists on the videotaping of babies from 3 to 9 months with their mothers and/or fathers, every month, through a simple protocol of 10 minutes, and the videotaping of a feeding of the baby by its mother. The further image digital and clinical analysis is made by a team of clinicians, mathematicians and statisticians. The evaluation of this group of children includes the analysis of their psychomotor and language development, and of eventual feeding disorders. Clinical experience has shown that permanently putting aside the use of the mouth as the feeding route when we are obliged to use a non-oral one (such as nasogastric tube or gastrostomy), often engenders feeding difficulties when time for weaning comes, and is sometimes accompanied by delayed or impaired language development. We have seen that language development is not necessarily disturbed when the alimentary function (per os) is restrained. Which means that processes involved with the oral phase can be preserved even when the mouth cannot satisfactory function for feeding. Other thoughts concerning different anorexigenic mechanisms were also considered during the present study
Moret, Valérie. "Le reflux gastro-oesophagien chez l'enfant." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P069.
Full textMejdoub, Nacim. "Évaluation du facteur de transfert pulmonaire et de la capacité résiduelle fonctionnelle chez le nourrisson : méthode dynamique." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1027.
Full textBrousse, Valentine. "Déterminants biologiques, cellulaires et moléculaires de la dysfonction splénique chez l’enfant drépanocytaire Erythroid Adhesion Molecules in Sickle Cell Anaemia Infants: Insights Into Early Pathophysiology A novel non-invasive method to measure splenic filtration function in humans." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS141.
Full textSickle cell anemia (SCA) is a monogenic red blood cell (RBC) disorder due to a point mutation on the β-globin gene. In this project, we investigated RB cellular and molecular changes occurring during the Hb switch in order to decipher the mechanisms of splenic loss of function and acute splenic sequestration (ASS). Analysis was performed on longitudinal blood samples drawn at 3-6, 12 18 and 24 months in 57 SCD infants. First we were able to demonstrate a specific adhesion profile on reticulocytes of infants aged 3-6 months, thereafter evidenced on mature red cells as reticulocytes age and results in increased adhesion on laminin or activated endothelial cells in in vitro dynamic adhesion assays. Splenic function was measured sequentially in the cohort and showed that splenic function was impaired as early as 3-6 months and further impaired at 18 months. We also demonstrated that ASS further impacted negatively splenic function. We demonstrated that RBC loss of deformability and increased adhesion both play a major role in splenic loss of function and ASS. Our work also demonstrated the predictive value of HbF and Hb for severe SCA complications including ASS
Chaine, Marina. "Étude cas-contrôle évaluant le rôle de la naissance par césarienne comme facteur de risque dans la survenue d'une bronchiolite à Virus Respiratoire Syncytial (VRS) sévère chez des nourrissons nés à Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/27777/27777.pdf.
Full textLemaire, Marion. "L’incorporation de matière grasse laitière et de L. fermentum dans des préparations pour nourrissons programme le microbiote et la physiologie intestinale de l’adulte : étude dans un modèle miniporc." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B018/document.
Full textEarly postnatal nutrition programs adult health owing to its crucial role in gut microbiota colonization and host physiology development. The objective of my thesis was to investigate the consequences of dairy lipid addition with or without probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum in infant formulas on adult gut microbiota, physiology and metabolism, using Yucatan minipig as a model for humans. We demonstrated increased non-specific intestinal defences in piglets and improved intestinal endocrine and immune functions in adults submitted to a high-energy diet, which may protect them from inflammation and metabolic disorders. These effects were associated in piglets to changes in digestion and gut microbiota composition and metabolism. We observed specific and complementary effects of dairy lipids and L. fermentum, suggesting different mechanisms of action. The infant formula composition had site- and age-specific effects, the caecal microbiota being closer to the faecal one. To conclude, the addition of dairy lipids and L. fermentum in infant formulas is an effective way to improve infant formulas
Amar, Michel. "Périartérite noueuse du nourrisson et-ou maladie de Kawasaki ?" Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M054.
Full textWaysbort, S. "Etude clinique, épidémiologique et thérapeutique des bronchiolites aigue͏̈s du nourrisson en milieu hospitalier." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P072.
Full textHannon, Gae͏̈tane. "La dermocosmétologie du nouveau-né et du nourrisson." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P154.
Full textAbramson, Irit. "L' émotion et le symptôme somatique chez l'enfant." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131037.
Full textFreud brought to light the psychic causality of hysterical somatic symptoms. But, what is the somatic symptom in early infancy ? Can we define it as an expression of psychic defense or as a substitute physiological defense for an impossible psychic approach of the environment ? The psychodynamic orientation given by the psychoanalytic concept of repression is an essential contribution to the problem of resistance through-out the treatment. One question remains concerning the persistance of non organic fonctional disorders in children when their perception is not yet co-ordinated with a mental représentation but is a condition of psychic development as well as an activation of signal of a biological rythm disorder. This point justifies the investigation of the relation between selective fonctional disorders and relational experiences where the environment reactions amplify the intensity of the baby’s emotional tensions, reinforces the relief of these tensions into muscular activity and finally increases reflex organic mechanisms against pain. Among the factors that provoque lasting fonctional disorders, we can take into consideration the repeated miss-matching of the baby’s physiological need of tension regulation with his mother’s emotional reactions. We can also mention the obstruction effect of non matching interaction to the transition between perceptive experiences and the primary psychic defense that is memory
Roth-Heitz, Mireille. "Devenir des nouveau-nés de très faible poids de naissance nés entre juin 1993 et juin 1995 en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Strasbourg 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR11033.
Full textChaudeurge, Guy, and Annette Chaudeurge. "Ulcère gastroduodénal : à propos d'un cas, revue de la littérature." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3120.
Full textMilovanovic, Ivana. "Rôle de la croissance ante et post natale dans le développement des maladies métaboliques : cohorte CASyMIR." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077075.
Full textBeing born small for gestational age (SGA) is related to later development of complex diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Our prospective cohort of children enrolled during fetal life aimed to establish the relationship between fetal growth, growth until the age of 4 and installation of metabolic disorders. In a comparative study, nested in the cohort CASyMIR, we have selected only children with family risk factors. They were, compared to children with normal birth weight, significantly lighter at birth and ail along the follow-up. No differences in any of the measured metabolic and hormonal parameters were observed between the two groups ail along the study. So, we assume that these children are constitutionally small children who are and will remain perfectly healthy. To meet the overall objective of the cohort CASyMIR , we investigated the profile of fetal growtt¬and postnatal growth in height and weight , body composition and metabolic profiles until the age of 4 years according to the birth weight. The aim was to assess insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in order to determine whether changes can be detected in SGA subjects early in life. We could show a deficiency of insulin secretion in children born SGA but without insulin resistance. Children born small showed early and modest catch-up growth, that seems to be a physiological phenomenon rather beneficial than harmful
Buisson, Isabelle. "L'ecthyma gangréneux à pseudomonas aeruginosa chez le nourrisson : à propos de 6 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M063.
Full textBroche, Jarrin Josiane. "Les soins traditionnels chez le bébé martiniquais : "Doktè fey" et psychologue, identité maternelle et transmission entre les générations." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA1035/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to investigate the distress in early motherhood/infancy which is at the center of two forms of discourse and two systems of care ln Martinique. On the one hand, the popular approach and, on the other hand, the medical and social approach supported by child psychiatrists and psychologists, which disregards beliefs and culture. A popular discourse borne out of a traditional conception of illness related to toddlers puts an emphasis on how to cure rather than to treat. This discourse is carried out by the grandmother as weil as the great grandmother, when still alive, and eiders of the community. Women in early motherhood have an erring commitment to consult in bath Western medicine, «visible » medicine, and the traditional health care system of the healer, known as the doktè fey, «invisible» medicine. Our hypothesis is based on the idea that doktè fey represent part of the mother and makes her competent to perform her role as a mother and as such she is able to reclaim her child. By his advice and acts, the dokté fey reaffirms the mother-child unit registering in the transmission of generations. We analyses these two conceptions which concern the distress on, as weil as the care of the baby. Addressing various models of care, diverse logical and societal conflicts of different perspectives on the child. To do this a cross-cultural and ethno-clinical approach was employed with families and their baby, healers and psychologists. Tools used are a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, observations of traditional bath11 techniques and case studies. Results highlights firstly the difficulty that women experience in early motherhood to adhere to the terms of a proposed treatment by « visible » medicine when faced with the potential death of their baby when he is carrier of specifie pathologies, is culturaly encoded and secondly the sense of using the « invisible » medicine. To conclude we cannot understand psychological disorder in Martinique, without regard to the culture, i.e. beliefs, languages and practices that exist in a Creole environment. This research also puts emphasis on the links and bridges that it may be possible to find between the two health care systems
Bézy-Lefort, Anne. "Hémangiomes immatures du nourrisson : quelle place pour la chirurgie ? Étude rétrospective de 77 cas opérés (1976-1995)." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23088.
Full textChipaux, Mathilde Monin Pierre. "Utilisation néonatale des prostaglandines E1 dans la prise en charge des cardiopathies congénitales en réanimation médicale pédiatrique à propos de 62 cas /." [S.l] : [s.n], 2003. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2003_CHIPAUX_MATHILDE.pdf.
Full textHallot, Véronique. "Invagination intestinale aigüe du nourrisson et de l'enfant : étude rétrospective portant sur 83 dossiers pendant une période de vingt ans à l'Hôpital d'Enfants de Saint-Denis de la Réunion." Caen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CAEN3042.
Full textLACHMANN, ROLLAND. "Maladie luxante et dysplasie de la hanche chez le nouveau-ne et le nourrisson : interet du harnais de pavlik." Saint-Etienne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STET6024.
Full textMammes, Olivier. "Intérêts et limites de la PCR dans le diagnostic des bronchiolites à rhinovirus chez le nourrisson." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P182.
Full textMokhtari, Mostafa. "Processus décisionnel de fin de vie en réanimation néonatale : arbitrer entre le certain et l'incertain." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS431/document.
Full textThe end-of-life (EOL) decision-making process remains a particular event that confronts health care teams with their doubts and uncertainties. Indeed, for such a decision to made, there must be some doubt and uncertainty, otherwise, instead of being a conscious “decision”, it becomes a simple application of prior knowledge. EOL decisions are not simply a case of the decision-maker overcoming his or her indecisiveness. In this work, I examine the role of the doctor as an arbitrator in the conflict between the certain and the uncertain in EOL situations in the neonatal period. I have based my work on the analysis of the trajectories of six clinical observations drawn from my own experience, which illustrate, better than a long speech, the notion of the certain and the uncertain, and give these abstract concepts a concrete and practical meaning.To explore the notion of the uncertain during the decision-making process in EOL situations, is to accept to go against the dominant medical culture that values certainty, because uncertainty is negatively perceived amongst caregivers. However, doubt can have a beneficial effect on the decision-making process itself, and on the consequences of the decision taken, since it encourages discussion between caregivers and allows time for decision-making. Thus, he or she who doubts is not ignorant, but cautious in the Aristotelian sense, when trying to deliberate a choice by subjecting it to the criticism of others as part of a procedure of collegial reflection.In this work, I also show that doubt and uncertainty compel the decision-maker to confront his or her personal convictions, which constitutes ethical ethics, with his or her responsibility, which is teleological ethics. It is only in the tension between these two ethics that the caregiver can decide with peace of mind
Ribet, Vincent. "La grippe A chez l'enfant et le nourrisson : éléments du diagnostic différentiel avec les infections à virus respiratoire syncytial." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3027.
Full textEl, Kaissouni Jamal. "Physiopathologie de l'activation immunitaire des cellules épithéliales glandulaires." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN12160.
Full textZanella, Sébastien. "Rôle des groupes bioaminergiques bulbaires dans la maturation, le fonctionnement et la pathologie de la fonction respiratoire : Etude in vivo et in vitro chez les souris normales ou transgéniques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22045.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the role of medullary bioaminergic neurons in the maturation and function of the respiratory rhythm generator (RRG) as well as their possible implication in pathologies accompanied with respiratory deficits. Experiments have been performed in wild type and mutant mice, from fetal to adult ages, using in vivo plethysmography and in vitro preparations to study the respiratory activity and biochemistry and immunohistology to study the bioaminergic systems. In wild type mice, we show that the medullary catecholaminergic neurons of A1/C1 exert a facilitatory modulation on the RRG activity and interact with the cholinergic system, and that the medullary catecholaminergic neurons of A2/C2 contribute to stabilize the RRG activity. In mutant mice, we show that the deficiency of Mecp2, Ndn or mTsh3 genes induces anomalies in the medullary bioaminergic systems that alter the maturation and function of the RRG, inducing severe, even lethal, respiratory deficits. In concern with Mecp2 mutant, a mouse model for Rett Syndrome, we show that pharmacological treatments aimed to compensate their bioaminergic deficits efficiently alleviate their respiratory deficits and prolongs their life span. To conclude, this work show that maturation and function of the RRG require normal medullary bioaminergic systems and suggest that pharmacological treatments targeting the bioaminergic systems may be possible issues for some rare diseases accompanied with respiratory deficits such as Rett Syndrome, Prader Willi Syndrome and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome as well as the most common respiratory pathology in adults, the Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Hankard, Régis. "Metabolisme de la glutamine chez l'enfant myopathe et chez le nourrisson enterectomise : implications dans l'etude de la regulation du metabolisme de la glutamine chez l'homme (doctorat : sci. nutrition)." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05N121.
Full textBonfils, Camille de. "Etude de 108 cas de dyspnée laryngo-trachéale chez le nouveau-né et le nourrisson (recensés de 1985 à 1991 dans le service du professeur Louis Traissac)." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23001.
Full textBouquinet, Émilie Cohen Robert. "Méningites à streptocoque du groupe B de l'enfant." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0483135.pdf.
Full textFarges, Gilbert. "Mort subite inexpliquée du nourrisson : conception d'un nouveau moniteur cardio-respiratoire pour la surveillance à domicile et contribution de l'approche sûreté des systèmes." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI242.
Full textThe Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the first cause of infant mortality one month up to one year in the most developed countries. The near-miss infants with unexplained severe incident need a cardio-respiratory monitoring during few months. A SIDS medical synthesis and a technical analysis of the useful devices permit us to determine the characteristics of a new cardio-respiratory monitor. We present a new principle for apnoea detection based on the hearth movements in the thoracic volume (patented). A new electro-physiological sensor, particularly anti-aggressive for the new-born skin is also developed. The final monitor is portable, it is small, light and very simple to use. Its battery life is over two years. The failure probabilities are calculated, during the device conception, with the reliability and safety analysis. They contribute to ameliorate the monitor's technical quality. We employed the deductive analysis with fault tree construction method. The results of the importance factors permits to optimise the technological improvements to tend towards the fixed level
Turfkruyer, Mathilde. "Impact de la vitamine A du lait maternel sur le développement de la tolérance orale chez le nouveau-né et la prévention des maladies allergiques." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4103/document.
Full textIncreased prevalence of allergies in early life suggests a deficiency of immune regulation during this period. Oral tolerance is a key immuno-regulatory mechanism in the gut for immune homeostasis. The principal objective of my thesis was to determine in a murine model the mechanisms at the origin of oral tolerance in early life to better prevent allergy development. We found that induction of oral tolerance in early life is effective only from the 3rd week of life. The defect of oral tolerance observed during the first 2 weeks of life is the consequence of a defect in antigen capture and RALDH expression (enzyme which converts retinol in retinoic acid) by mesenteric CD103+ dendritic cells. Serum levels of retinol in neonatal period are very low, and an enrichment of the maternal milk with vitamin A allows to correct this neonatal deficiency as well as the defect of antigen presentation by the CD103+ dendritic cells. This enrichment also allows allergy prevention from the first days of life. To our surprise, while in adult mice, oral tolerance depends on the generation of regulatory T lymphocytes, oral tolerance observed in the 3 week-old mice and in the newborn which received vitamin A, depends on the generation of Th1 lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that vitamin A levels in early life are directly correlated with Th1 differentiation induced by oral administration of allergen, necessary for allergy prevention. This knowledge should now be taken into account for the implementation of allergy prevention strategies, more specific and better adapted to the neonatal period, such as a supplementation with vitamin A
Roda, Célina. "Exposition domestique à des polluants chimiques de l’air intérieur : modélisation et évaluation de l’impact sur la santé respiratoire chez le jeune enfant : Bilan au terme d’une année de suivi de la cohorte de nouveau-nés PARIS." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05S009/document.
Full textThere is a growing public health concern about indoor air quality due to the time spent indoors and the presence of numerous biological and chemical pollutants. Aims: To assess indoor chemical pollutant levels, to model domestic exposure and to examine the impact of indoor chemical pollutants on the respiratory health of infants from the PARIS birth cohort, during their first year of life. Methods: Multiple self-administered questionnaires were used to gather information from parents about respiratory infections and asthma-like symptoms (wheezing, nocturnal dry cough. . . ) in their infants at ages 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Details about home characteristics and family living conditions were also collected by phone interview when the child was 1 month old, and mailed questionnaires captured changes at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Pollutant air sampling (aldehyde, volatile organic compound, nitrogendioxide and nicotine) were conducted at 1, 6, 9 and 12 months in the bedrooms of a subset of randomly selected 196infants. Repeated pollutant measurements were joined with interview and questionnaire information to construct annual pollutant exposure models for all infants. Furthermore, an environmental investigation was performed in Parisian child day care centers to document chemical exposure levels. Results: Formaldehyde, toluene, nitrogen dioxide and perchlororethylene level determinants: continuous sources (particleboard, varnished parquet floor, wall coating), discontinuous sources (combustion, dry cleaning facilities) and aeration parameters were identified. At one year, around half of babies experienced at least one lower respiratory infection, and nearly half of those infections included wheezing, 14,8 % of babies suffered from a nocturnal dry cough. After known risk factors were considered, lower respiratory infections were associated with estimated formaldehyde levels, and formaldehyde exposure is also related to nocturnal dry cough, especially in infants without parental history of allergy. Conclusion: This study shows that formaldehyde exposure in early life is associated with respiratory health in infants, promoting public actions regarding emissions from materials
Beguin, Shirley. "Conséquences physiopathologiques des mutations du gène ARX dans le développement cérébral." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22130/document.
Full textSeveral mutations in ARX gene (aristaless-related homeobox gene) have been found in a large spectrum of infantile neurological disorders, with or without cerebral malformation, but frequently linked to epilepsy. It has been proposed that ARX, coding for a transcription factor, plays a crucial role in brain development, especially in migrating interneurons, but its involvement in nervous system development still remains to be clarified. The aim of this work has been to study the role of ARX gene and the consequences of ARX mutations on cerebral development in order to better understand these pathologies.We have first investigated the effects of an ARX polyalanine expansion, the mutation (GCG)7, which was found in pathologies without brain malformation but associated to epilepsy, such as West and Ohtahara syndromes. Analysis performed on knock-in mice for this mutation and in utero electroporated rat brains have shown that this mutation doesn’t alter neither glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal migration, nor GABAergic neuron maturation. Interestingly, our data suggest that epilepsy observed in knock-in mice would result rather from a reorganization of glutamatergic networks. Since ARX gene is not expressed in excitatory neurons, our work suggests that epilepsy observed in knock-in mice is the consequence of developmental alterations secondary to the initial mutation, and this would have crucial therapeutic implications that require additional investigations. In vitro experiments have then allowed us to study the effect of several ARX mutations on interneurons morphology. These experiments have shown no abnormal subcellular localization of ARX protein following transfection of these different mutations in cultured interneurons. Interestingly, our data show that interneuron morphology is altered only by some mutations, particularly the P353R and the Dup24 ARX mutations. Our data underline the importance to study specifically each mutation in order to explain mechanisms generating phenotypic heterogeneity linked to ARX mutations.Taken together, this study contributes to a better understanding of ARX involvement in cerebral development and to a better characterization of pathophysiological mechanisms linked to ARX mutations