Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nouveau-nés prématurés'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 29 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Nouveau-nés prématurés.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Roth-Heitz, Mireille. "Devenir des nouveau-nés de très faible poids de naissance nés entre juin 1993 et juin 1995 en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Strasbourg 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR11033.
Full textDoyen, Matthieu. "Méthodes probabilistes pour le monitoring cardio-respiratoire des nouveau-nés prématurés." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S049/document.
Full textThe surveillance of premature newborns placed in intensive care units led to the notion of monitoring and the acquisition of many physiological signals. While this information is well used for the diagnosis and prevention of emergency situations, it must be acknowledged that, to date, it is less the case for predictive purposes. This is mainly due to the difficulty of extracting reliable information in real time, without any visual control, from non-stationary signals. This thesis aims to propose robust methods, adapted to the context of neonatal intensive care units and real time. For this purpose, a set of generic methods applied to cardiac variability, but capable of being adapted to other physiological constants such as respiration, have been developed and tested in clinical context. Four main parts illustrate these points : - The proposal of an original multicharacteristic probabilistic real time detection method for robust detection of interest events of noisy physiological signals. Generic, this solution is applied to the robust QRS complex detection of the ECG signals. It is based on the real time calculation of several posterior probabilities of the signal properties before merging them into a decision node using the weighted Kullback-Leibler divergence. Compared to two classic methods from the literature on two noisy databases, it has a lower detection error rate (20.91% vs. 29.02% (wavelets) and 33.08% (Pan-Tompkins) on the test database). - The proposal of using hidden semi-markovian models for the segmentation of temporal periods with most reliable event detections. Compared to two methods from the literature, the proposed solution achieves better performance, the error criterion obtained is significantly lower (between -21.37% and -74.98% depending on the basis and approach evaluated). - The selection of an optimal detector for the monitoring of apnea-bradycardia events, in terms of reliability and precocity, based on ECG data obtained from newborns. The performance of the selected detector will be compared to the alarms generated by an industrial continuous monitoring device traditionally used in neonatology service (Philips IntelliVue monitor). The method based on the abrupt change of the RR average achieves the best results in terms of time (3.99 s vs. 11.53 s for the IntelliVue monitor) and reliability (error criterion of 43.60% vs. 80.40%). - The design and development of SYNaPSE (SYstem for Noninvasive Physiological Signal Explorations) software platform for the acquisition of various physiological signals in large quantities, and in a non-invasive way, within the care units. The modular design of this platform, as well as its real time properties, allows simple and fast integration of complex signal processing methods. Its translational interest is shown in the analysis of a database in order to study the impact of bilirubin on cardiac variability
Fayoux, Pierre. "Développement histologique et anatomique des voies aériennes chez le foetus et le nouveau-né : applications à la prise en charge des voies respiratoires néonatales." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S029.
Full textDucrocq, Jacques. "Réactivité cardiovasculaire à différentes stimulations sonores chez des enfants prématurés à terme." Amiens, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AMIED001.
Full textKouakam, Tchamba Christelle. "Impact de l'exposition in utero aux pesticides sur les fonctions neurophysiologiques du nouveau-né prématuré." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0006/document.
Full textFirst we aimed to assess chronic pesticides exposure of the fetus. Then, we investigated the impact of pesticide exposure on vital neurophysiological functions of preterm neonates such as sleep, ventilation and its control, as well as cardiovascular control. We assessed pesticides exposure of neonates using a maternal exposure questionnaire, completed by a multi-residue analysis of pesticides in meconium in order to identify and quantify some pesticides and their metabolites. Cardiovascular and sleep parameters were obtained by polysomnography. Peripheral chemoreceptors sensitivity was measured using a hypoxic test (15% O2) during each sleep state. All newborns had at least one pesticide in their meconium and 58.3% of them, had more than 3 substances detected. Our results showed an impact of pesticides exposure on sleep structure as sleep duration was shortened (DMP), active sleep proportion was higher, and quiet sleep proportion was lower. Neonates also had a more fractionated sleep when their mothers were exposed to pesticides through dietary habits. With regards to ventilation, our results showed heterogeneous effects. Indeed, ventilation was higher when DEP was detected (+18%) but lower when DMDTP was identified (-14%). Peripheral chemoreceptors sensitivity was also weaker for neonates exposed to DMDTP. Finally, the sympatho-vagal balance were altered by pesticides exposure. Our results suggest that chronic pesticide exposure in utero could lead to a disruption of neurophysiological functions in preterm neonates (sleep, ventilation, cardiovascular system) making them even more vulnerable to various cardiorespiratory challenges
Charrazac, Sylvie. "Les incubateurs pour nouveau-nés : évolution historique et technique, des origines à l'ère des soins intensifs néo-nataux." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25032.
Full textKarkani, Anastasia. "Le stress maternel en situation de prématurité : l'importance des conditions de vie pour la mère et le nouveau-né pendant les premiers mois. l'effet d'une séparation partielle et d'une séparation totale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/KARKANI_Anastasie_va2.pdf.
Full text: Many studies have already revealed that prematurity is an extremely traumatic event both for the mother and the infant. The mother is traumatized both bodily and psychologically. It seems as a narcissistic wound but also as a repetitive trans-generational scenario with a risk for the appearance of post-traumatic stress and postnatal depression. For the new-born, the separation of mother-infant dyad due to hospitalization plays a detrimental for the latter's psychological development. The deprivation of early interactions, both visual and sensory, may disrupt the process of attachment. Prematurity is also responsible for neonatal morbidity and has other pediatric consequences as well: neurological or feeding difficulties, psycho-motor, visual, respiratory and cognitive ones. Hospitalization, either longer or shorter, brings out contradictory emotions towards the professionals in the NICU
Dumont, Victoria. "Explorations cérébrale et comportementale des capacités de traitement des séquences de stimuli tactiles non-sociaux par les nouveau-nés prématurés." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC017/document.
Full textThe neuroconstructivist theoretical framework of cognitive development, taking into account the variability of the constraints that act from the conception to shape development, is relevant to consider the early influence of sensory experiences on the neurobehavioral development of preterm neonates. They evolve in a particular environment and are vulnerable to neurodevelopmental disorders, to which atypical tactile and temporal processing are associated. The aim of the thesis is to study tactile and temporal abilities in preterm newborns and to evaluate the effect of the early environment on these perceptions. We included 61 preterm neonates (born between 32 and 34 weeks of gestational age (wGA)). At 35 weeks of corrected gestational age, we measured orienting responses (forearm, hand, and fingers movements) during vibrotactile stimulation of their hand and forearm, during a habituation and dishabituation paradigm, the dishabituation being either a location change or a pause in the stimulation sequence. Preterm newborns displayed a manual orienting response to vibrotactile stimuli which significantly decreased when the stimulus was repeated, regardless of the stimulated location on the limb. Habituation was delayed in subjects born at a younger gestational age, smaller birth weight, and having experienced more painful care procedures. Preterm neonates perceived changes in stimulus location and interstimulus time interval, suggesting a prenatal development of temporal processing capacities. These temporal processing abilities and their use to generate sensory prediction are being evaluated in a second study. 19 premature neonates (born between 31 and 32wGA) were presented with a tactile sequence (regular or irregular) at 33 and 35 weeks of corrected GA. Variations in cerebral blood flow were measured. At both corrected GA, tactile stimuli are associated with a hemodynamic response in the primary somatosensory cortex. At 33 weeks of corrected GA, omissions in the sequence are associated with an increase in cerebral blood flow, which indicates that premature neonates form sensory predictions, regardless of their experimental group. This thesis work allows to better characterize the tactile and temporal processing abilities in premature neonates, which lack recent and thorough investigation. In addition, it provides rational arguments that could help to propose sensory therapies to these patients, based on their perceptual abilities
Bernard, Laure. "Nouveau-nés de poids de naissance inférieur à 1500 gr : étude rétrospecive (1981-1987) et évolution à court terme (suivi à deux ans)." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11075.
Full textGuittard, Cassandre. "Représentations parentales et symptomatologie anxiodépressive chez les parents de nouveau-nés prématurés : Impact d’un soin conjoint proprioceptif pendant l’hospitalisation en service de médecine néonatale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIML007.
Full textAdvances in neonatal medicine have increased the number of babies surviving preterm birth at increasingly earlier gestational ages. However, prematurity is not without consequences for the baby and its family. A higher prevalence of anxiety, postnatal depression and post-traumatic stress is found in mothers of premature babies. Erroneous maternal representations concerning the baby, the relationship with him and their own parenting skills have also been highlighted. Research on fathers is more recent and data are still scarce. This thesis aims to study the levels of maternal and paternal stress, anxiety, postnatal depression and post-traumatic stress in the context of prematurity and to evaluate the effect of joint care through proprioceptive stimulation, practiced by parents on their very premature baby during hospitalization in the neonatal unit, on this parental anxiety-depressive symptomatology and on maternal representations. Our findings reveal significantly higher levels of anxiety-depressive symptoms in parents – mothers and fathers – of very premature infants than in parents of moderate preterm or term infants, while no significant difference was found between parents of moderate preterm and term infants. However, parents of very premature infants practicing proprioceptive stimulation on their extremely preterm babies had significantly lower levels of anxiety-depressive symptoms than those in the skin-to-skin group alone, and their scores were comparable to those of parents of moderately preterm and term infants. In addition, thematic analysis of the discourses of mothers who participated in joint care revealed good acceptability of this care as well as a beneficial effect on the maternal representations – whether on the child, on the dyadic relationship or on their own parental role. Our findings suggest that proprioceptive joint care constitutes a preventive intervention for parental anxiety-depressive symptomatology and offers support for the development of maternal representations in the context of a very premature birth
Missi, Philomene Marie. "Élaboration, mise en oeuvre et évaluation d'un protocole d'interventions infirmières : une contribution à la réduction du bruit et de la lumière dans les unités néonatales du Cameroun." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38226.
Full textThe presence of various sensory stimuli in the neonatal intensive care environment is a major determinant in the development of preterm infants. The impact of excess noise and light on the short, medium- and long-term development of the premature infant is documented by studies. Measures to optimize the care environment are implemented in neonatal units in the West and in other parts of the world, but they are not in Cameroon. However, this problem is more important in these units that the infant mortality rate is considerable. The research involved developing and implementing a nursing intervention protocol aimed at reducing noise and light in two neonatal units in Cameroon and assessing their acceptability and feasibility. To do this, the Sidani and Braden method taking place in four phases and using a mixed estimate was used. Three approaches to data collection are proposed by this method, namely experiential, empirical and theoretical approaches. Levine’s conservation care model and Mefford’s (2004) premature health promotion theory were used to situate the problems experienced by preterm infants from a nursing perspective and to suggest nursing interventions. For the first three phases of the study, the objective data were obtained by direct observation of the environment of the neonatal units and a measurement of the sound and light intensities on these units. The experiential data comes from individual and group interviews with nurses (n = 18), doctors (n = 11) and family members (n = 7). The empirical data are from a literature review and the theoretical data are from the study and the theoretical nursing literature. At the end of this stage, needs were identified, and an intervention protocol developed. Phase 4 consists of implementing the intervention protocol in the form of a pilot project. This phase also included the implementation of correctional measures on the two participating units and a set of interventions aimed at changing the behavior of the personnel of these units, and that of families and visitors in favor of protocol interventions. Based on the framework of Michie et al., Training Program and awareness sessions were offered, supported by various means (signs, flyers and reminders). Then, the implementation of the intervention protocol was carried out over a two-week period with the implementation of a cyclical light program on the participating units. The pilot project was carried out through the recruitment of 29 staff members (22 nurses and seven doctors). The results show that the correctional measures were implemented in full on one unit and partially in the other. The results show a high degree of acceptability and feasibility of such a protocol aimed at reducing noise and light on neonatal units in Cameroon. In conclusion, the study showed that local culture, lack of means and financial resources were not an absolute obstacle in terms of feasibility and acceptability and that a research program could better examine the conditions implantation, efficacy and effects on premature babies. Keywords: premature newborns, noise, light, neonatal intensive care units, nursing interventions.
Jouanolou, Marie-Hélène. "Dysplasie bronchopulmonaire : étude prospective à propos de 243 nouveau-nés ventilés en 1991 au C.H.R de Bordeaux : incidence, facteurs de risque et moyens de prévention." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23087.
Full textFischer, Fumeaux Céline Julie. "Des limites du soutien nutritionnel pour les nouveau-nés à risques aux perspectives d’améliorations : une approche intégrée." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1136.
Full textFacing to increasing survival of very preterm neonates, reducing sequelae in this population became a major public issue. Nutritional support of preterm neonates has a durable impact on their future. However, it often fails to prevent the protein-energetic imbalance, nutritional deficiencies, and post-natal growth restriction, which act as aggravating factors. Our researches evaluated different axes of current nutritional strategies, limitations and possible improvements: I) parenteral, II) enteral, III) prevention of complications, IV) growth assessment. Most relevant findings of these clinical studies were: I) Significant variations of parenteral intakes in the centres, as well as inadequate use of lipids, involved in early energetic-protein deficit. Impact of lipids on growth, brain development, and even the incidence of complications were suggested. II) Advantages in using fresh raw mother's own milk in the early days to enhance breastfeeding in hospitalized neonates, as well as important changes in mother's milk composition. An increase in breastfeeding rates over the periods of studies showed a beneficial effect of the research, although "observational", on breastfeeding. III) An increased risk of hyperglycemia in case of low phosphatemia. IV) A moderate impact of being small for gestational age on neuro-development in a preterm cohort, and related auxologic limitations. This work allowed to recognize some barriers of the nutritional support, and to consider different improvement strategies. It emphasizes the close and important links between nutrition, growth and neurological development of vulnerable infants. Further efforts are needed to optimize knowledge, recommendations and practices in this area
Aldana, Acosta Andrea Carolina. "Impact de trois interventions : méthode mère kangourou, massage en incubateur et massage en position kangourou sur la croissance et le développement des enfants prématurés nés à moins de 33 semaines d'âge gestationnel." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27192.
Full textThis research aims to study the impact of interventions by parents in the neonatal intensive care unit. More specifically, the first objective is to document the differential effects of the Kangaroo Mother Care «KMC» with or without the Massage Incubator «MI» or Massage Kangaroo Position «MKP» and Traditional Care «TC» with or without Massage in the Incubator «MI» on physical growth as measured by the weight, height and head circumference during a period of 5 to 15 days in the neonatal unit and impact at 40 weeks gestational age. The second objective is to compare, in children who benefit from the «KMC» value added « MKP» or «MI» on neurodevelopment at 6 and 12 months corrected age of the child. A total sample of 198 children and their families was recruited as follows in three hospitals in Bogota. In each hospital, 66 subjects were randomly assigned to two conditions. These hospitals were selected to test the effects of various experimental conditions and reduce bais selection. In each hospital, two techniques were randomly assigned. In the first hospital, « KMC & MKP» vs. «KMC & MI». In the second, «KMC without massage» vs. « KMC & MI»." In the third, «MI» was compared to «TC» which implies a lack of continuous physical contact babies with their parents. The results reported in the first article are the effect that in the first hospital, there is a compensatory effect of the intervention «KMC & MKP» on the physiological loss of the child's weight early in the first 15 days of life with an impact on weight at 40 weeks of gestational age, the duration of the kangaroo carry and the total hospital stay. No effect on head circumference or size is not appeared. In the second hospital, no significant difference was reported for the weight except when the intervention is started after the 10th day of life while «MMK» child seems to grow better than the «MMK with MI». Finally, in the third hospital there is no effect of massage on anthropometric variables, the group with «MI» slower magnifying a slight impact on weight at 40 weeks. This could be due to the heat loss due to the opening of the incubator when the child is very immature. In the second article, the 66 children from the hospital were randomly assigned to the group « KMC & MKP» vs. the group «KMC & MI », completed at 6 and 12 months corrected age, a neuro-development test, Griffiths. The 6-month results show no difference between the 2 interventions, but 12 months on IQ seems dependent on the number of days of hospitalization of the child, the hospital stay is the time it takes for the child to stabilize physically and also corresponds to the time taken by the mother and child to adapt to the kangaroo method. Once the successful adaptation kangaroo, the mother child dyad out with the child still in the kangaroo position. The hospitalization time is the time it takes for the child to learning the MMK by the mother. At 12 months both groups showed equivalent results, but positive differences emerged for the group «KMC & MKP'' in the subscale Coordination Oculo Manual and Hearing and Language Test Grffiths. Overall, the results suggest that the practice of two non-traditional interventions may help improve physical growth in our cohort. The baby's weight gain in particular is affected by the intervention MKP (Hospital 1) or without the addition of massage (2 Hospital). Moreover, the incubator massage has no significant difference compared to «TC», these interventions, however, have a minor impact (trends) on the neuro development at 6 and 12 months corrected age in this study.
Cabon, Sandie. "Monitoring of premature newborns by video and audio analyses." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S055.
Full textThe objective of this work, conducted as part of the European project Digi-NewB and a CIFRE thesis, was to propose a new noninvasive approach to monitoring in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This new monitoring should make possible a continuous evaluation of the neuro-behavioural evolution of premature newborns using non-invasive modalities such as video and audio. After a bibliographical study of more than 150papers, a first study was carried out on a semiautomatic estimation of sleep stages. The proposed approach combined for the first time video and audio analyses. The limitations identified during this study led to the proposition of a new audio-video system. Its integration into NICU was studied and evaluated. Then, methods, based on video and audio processing techniques and classification (Random Forest, KNN, Multi-layer Perceptron ...), were proposed. They allow a continuous characterization of the newborn behaviour in terms of movement quantification and cry analysis. The difficulties related to the constraints of the real NICU conditions were studied and solutions to avoid irrelevant periods (e.g.,parents or medical staff in the camera field of view, alarms coming from medical devices) were developed. The results are encouraging and show that it is now possible to imagine a new generation of monitoring based on noninvasive analyses to characterize the neurobehavioural development of the newborn
Chevalier, Alicia. "Étude de l'identification, de la virulence et de l'antibiorésistance des souches cliniques de Bacillus cereus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ6049.
Full textBacillus cereus group (Bc) is a complex of phylogenetically closely related bacterial species known to cause foodborne outbreaks but is also involved in sepsis and septic shock in preterm neonates (PTNs), with mortality rates reaching up to 30%.We initially focused on the genomic characterization of 40 species involved in invasive infections in PTNs from 14 neonatal intensive care units in France. Whole genome sequencing was performed using both Illumina® and Nanopore® technologies to obtain complete genomic sequences. Through digital DNA-DNA hybridization analysis, Average Nucleotide Identity completed by phylogenic analyses approach, we observed significant species diversity (n=7), with Bacillus paranthracis (Bp) and Bacillus cereus sensu stricto (Bc s.s.) accounting for 47.5% (19/40) and 20% (8/40) of the isolates, respectively. Core genome Muti-Sequence Locus Typing analysis classified the 40 isolates into 21 sequence types (STs), with a majority of Bp strains (11/19, 58%) identified as ST26, belonging to a clonal group found in 11 intensive care units from 2010 to 2022. A screening of virulence genes showed that only Bc s.s. strains harbored both the cytotoxin K2 and hemolysin HBL genes. We also found that the mortality rate of PTNs infected with Bc s.s. was significantly higher than for those infected with Bp, possibly explained by this difference in virulence gene content.Virulence potential of these 40 strains was assessed using the Drosophila melanogaster experimental model. The infection was realized by an intrathoracic injection to simulate systemic infection, with a standardized bacterial inoculum. Fly mortality was monitored during 30 hours. First, we demonstrated that lethal strains in PTNs showed significantly higher mortality in flies compared to non-lethal strains, validating the hypothesis that strain virulence contributes to the severity of these infections. Second, Bc s.s. strains exhibited greater virulence than Bp strains in this model.Finally, we determined the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and molecular markers of AMR in larger collection of 69 Bc strains responsible for infections. Resistance phenotypes were determined according to the CA-SFM EUCAST 2021 guidelines and by using three different AST methods. Our study showed that over 95% of strains were susceptible to vancomycin and imipenem, supporting the potential use of one of these antimicrobial agents for empirical treatment of Bc bacteremia
Padonou, Setondji Geraud Romeo. "Faible poids de naissance, prématurité et retard de croissance intra utérin : facteurs de risque et conséquences sur la croissance de la naissance a 18 mois de vie chez des nouveau-nés béninois." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066451/document.
Full textThe prevalence of low birth weight, preterm birth and IUGR in our study population were 9.1%, 10.3% and 25.3% respectively. The majority of children born with LBW (75%) had IUGR. Concerning prematurity, only the sex of the child was associated with a lower risk. Conversely, boys were more at risk of IUGR. Primiparous and those with low anthropometric status were more likely to give birth to children with LBW and this was expressed mainly by IUGR mechanism. The same analysis on birth weight as continuous variable gave similar results and showed in addition, an independent negative effect of maternal short stature (<155cm). We did not find an effect of placental malaria infection or maternal anemia. Children born with LBW, IUGR and those from mother with nutritional deficiency showed a linear growth retardation. We also demonstrated that LBW and low anthropometric status of the mother were significantly correlated with leanness. Malaria morbidity was not associated with growth. Good feeding practices objectified by a good IYCF score, were accompanied by a proper corpulence, while they were paradoxically associated with a linear growth delay. Maternal nutritional deficiency (low anthropometric status or short stature) is involved in the occurrence of LBW but also impacted negatively children’s growth through an independent effect. Our results confirm the existence of an intergenerational cycle of malnutrition
Lemieux-Bourque, Charlotte. "Organisation des soins dans les unités néonatales québécoises : comparaison et validation des outils d'évaluation de la charge de travail du personnel infirmier et leur association avec les issues de santé des grands prématurés." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70376.
Full textBackground : Nursing workload assessment tools are widely used to determine nurse staffing requirements in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). However, several tools exist and it is unclear if they are equivalent. Objective : We aimed to compare three existing workload assessment tools and assess their association with mortality or morbidity among very preterm infants. Methods : Single-center retrospective cohort study of infants born <33 weeks and admitted to a 52-bed level 3 NICU in 2017 to 2018. Required nurse staffing was estimated for each shift using the Winnipeg Assessment of Neonatal Nursing Needs Tool (WANNNT) used as reference tool, the Quebec Provincial NICU Nursing Ratio (QPNNR), and the Canadian NICU Resource Utilization (CNRU). We evaluated correlation between tools using Pearson R. The association between NICU nursing provision ratio (actual number of nurses / recommended number of nurses per shift according to the tools used) during the first 24h, 7 days of hospitalization and whole hospital stay with mortality / morbidity was assessed using logistic regression models.Results : Median number of nurses required per shift using the WANNNT was 25.0 (interquartile range [IQR]:23.1–26.7). Correlation between WANNNT and QPNNR was high (r = 0.92, p < 0.0001), but the QPNNR underestimated the number of nurses per shift by 4.8 (IQR: 4.1–5.4). Correlation between WANNNT and CNRUwas moderate (r = 0.45, p < 0.0001). Nursing provision ratio during the first seven days of admission calculated using both WANNNT and QPNNR was associated with mortality/morbidity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] (95% CI):0.92 (0.86-0.99); 0.94 (0.89-0.98), respectively). The association between nursing provision ratios for the first 24h and whole hospital stay and mortality/morbidity was not statistically significant. Conclusion : Lower nursing provision ratio during the first seven days of admission is associated with anincreased risk of mortality / morbidity in very preterm infants.
Décima, Pauline. "Validation d'un logiciel de calcul de la thermoneutralité en incubateurs fermés pour nouveaux-nés prématurés." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIED001.
Full textPremature infants are particularly vulnerable to thermal stress (relative to term neonates), due to greater body heat losses and immature thermoregulatory mechanisms. It is therefore necessary to control their thermal and hygrometric environment so that metabolic heat production is as low as possible (i. E. Thermoneutrality). We have designed and developed a novel software package (PRETHERM®) for calculating thermoneutrality in this context. By taking account of the anthropomorphic characteristics of premature infants and nursing procedures, the software calculates the optimum temperature and relative humidity for the incubator air. The objective of the present study was to (i) test the PRETHERM® software by reducing the uncertainties in the parameters used for the calculation of heat transfers and by decreasing the impact of measurement errors on the recommended air temperature value and (ii) evaluate the performance of the software in air-temperature-servocontrolled mode (relative to the skin-temperature-servocontrolled mode used in clinical routine) by comparing a number of physiological criteria (body temperatures, nutritional status, sleep, cardiorespiratory function and heart rate variability). Twenty-three neonates were nursed in the new air-temperature-servocontrolled mode and 29 were nursed in the skin-temperature-servocontrolled mode. The PRETHERM® software's recommendations were appropriate for neonates and maintained homeothermia. However, we did not observe any improvements in the physiological parameters studied here. Even though use of PRETHERM® software does not provide relevant physiological improvements, it has been clinically validated and can be used for educational purposes or in clinical routine to avoid critical situations for infants by simulating the influence of nursing care
André, Vanessa. "La perception sensorielle des bébés nés à terme et prématurés." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B052/document.
Full textSensory perception is specific to each individual. It results from the gene pool (which defines the sensory receptors), but varies depending on maturation and experience. In this sense, the study of babies has enabled us to test both 1) the effect of maturation by comparing the babies’ sensory perception to those of adults and 2) the effect of early stage sensory perception by comparing the sensory perception of preterm and full-term infants at a same post-conception age (i.e. term-aged infants). Our results underlined a larger sensory perception in babies than in adults, through the perception of very subtle tactile stimulations, or else the perception of ultrasounds, that cannot be perceived by grown-ups. The mechanisms of the maturation of sensory organs and of ‘’sensory recentering‘’ towards relevant simulations that can happen in the course of time have been presented. We have also shown a particularly strong reactivity of preterm babies in comparison to full-term babies. Various potential subjacent mechanisms such as a neuronal selectivity adaptation to environmental stimulations, a maintained/ delayed cerebral plasticity or else the development of a hypersensitivity have been discussed. In addition to the core of this thesis, we have taken an interest in the baby’s social “Umwelt” and have studied 1) his abilities in perception and discrimination between human body odours and 2) his ability to express his sensory perception. We have shown that babies are very responsive to their social world, capable of discrimination between different social partners’ odours. Furthermore, babies also are highly expressive when it comes to their sensory perception, especially through the use of a complex vocal repertoire (beyond cries/tears). Indeed, some types of these vocalisations could reflect his state of comfort or discomfort. The results of this thesis open numerous grounds for thought in terms of neonatal care adaptations
Hadchouel, Duvergé Alice. "Susceptibilité génétique à la dysplasie bronchopulmonaire du nouveau-né prématuré." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0086.
Full textRationaleBronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common chronic respiratory disease in prematureinfants. Genetic factors might contribute to bronchopulmonary dysplasia susceptibility.ObjectivesTo identify genetic variants involved in bronchopulmonary dysplasia through a genome-wideassociation study.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 418 premature neonates (gestational age below 28 weeks), ofwhom 22% developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Two discovery series were created, usinga DNA pooling strategy in neonates from Caucasian and African ancestry. Polymorphismsassociated with the disease were confirmed in an independent replication population. Geneswere then explored by fine mapping and associations were replicated in an external Finnishpopulation of 213 neonates. Validated genes expression patterns were studied in rat lung,following air or hyperoxia exposure.Measurements and Main ResultsSPOCK2 gene was identified by both discovery series. The most significant polymorphism(rs1245560, p=1.66x10-7) was confirmed by individual genotyping, and in the replicationpopulation (p=0.002). Fine mapping confirmed the association of rs1245560 withbronchopulmonary dysplasia in both Caucasian and African populations with adjusted oddsratios of 2.96 (95% CI [1.37-6.40]) and 4.87 [1.88-12.63] respectively. In Caucasian neonates,rs1049269 was also associated with the disease (OR=3.21 [1.51-6.82]). These associationswere replicated in the Finnish population. In newborn rat lungs, SPOCK2 mRNA levelsmarkedly increased during the alveolar stage of lung development. After rat exposure tohyperoxia, SPOCK2 expression increased relative to air-exposed controls
Zeaiter, Hayssam. "Analyse des stades de sommeil et de veille chez les nouveaux-nés prémarturés par évaluation des signaux EEG et ECG." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1337.
Full textBelghazi, Khalid. "Modélisation par un mannequin thermique des pertes de chaleur évaporatoire d'un nouveau-né dans un incubateur fermé : validation et applications biomédicales." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIED005.
Full textIn order to quantify the heat transfers between the new-born body placed in incubator and his environment. We designed a sweating mannequin representative of the anatomy of a premature new-born weighting 900 g. This system is able to simulate and to characterize dry heat loss (conduction, convection, radiation) and evaporative heat loss. The thermal mannequin simulates on each member a wetting different from those of the other members which makes it possible to simulate the wetting which to exist at the new-born babies. The model solves the problem of the repeatability and the safety of the measurements near the heat tolerance limits of the newborns. The model assesses latent heat of evaporation and the coefficient of evaporative heat transfer. The comparison with various data obtained by other authors makes it possible to conclude on the reliability of our results. The thermal mannequin is a good tool to assess the relative values of the different heat exchange components and to determine the net gains in body heat storage and water loss which are likely to be produced by placing a transparent polyethylene bag round a low-birth-weight in the first day of life
Nguyen, Huu Kim An. "Estimation du rapport bénéfice-risque du traitement médicamenteux en pédiatrie et en néonatologie à travers des approches pharmacoépidémiologiques, pharmacométriques et méta-analytiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10321.
Full textMany drugs used to treat children in hospitals are either not licensed for use in children or are prescribed outside the terms of their product license (off-label prescribing) because of the lack of clinical trials in this population, and practical difficulties to involve children in clinical research. Drugs used within the specifications of the product license should therefore be less likely to cause ADRs compared to drugs that are either unlicensed or off-label for use in children. With different approaches such as pharmacoepidemiologic, meta-analytic and pharmacometrics, we sought to improve the estimate of the benefit risk ratio of medicines used for treating children. Our observational prospective study in a neonatal unit demonstrated that the prescriptions of unlicensed or off-label drugs in neonatal unit is common (46%). We also used meta-analytic approach in order to estimate the benefit risk ratio of the prophylactic use of fluconazole as a function of the baseline risk. Our results suggest that “systematic fluconazole prophylaxis for all VLBW in NICUs is not warranted by the available evidence and should be adapted to the baseline risk. We also showed that active drug monitoring by using electronic patient files by targeting review chart with a trigger tool in neonates and with close collaboration between the pharmacovigilance center, pharmacologists, and clinicians was necessary and feasible for improving the detection of ADRs in children
Wang, Yuan. "Heart rate variability and respiration signals as late onset sepsis diagnostic tools in neonatal intensive care units." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S106/document.
Full textLate-onset sepsis, defined as a systemic infection in neonates older than 3 days, occurs in approximately 10% of all neonates and in more than 25% of very low birth weight infants who are hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Recurrent and severe spontaneous apneas and bradycardias (AB) is one of the major clinical early indicators of systemic infection in the premature infant. Various hematological and biochemical markers have been evaluated for this indication but they are invasive procedures that cannot be repeated several times. The objective of this Ph.D dissertation was to determine if heart rate variability (HRV), respiration and the analysis of their relationships help to the diagnosis of infection in premature infants via non-invasive ways in NICU. Therefore, we carried out Mono-Channel (MC) and Bi-Channel (BC) Analysis in two selected groups of premature infants: sepsis (S) vs. non-sepsis (NS). (1) Firstly, we studied the RR series not only by distribution methods (moy, varn, skew, kurt, med, SpAs), by linear methods: time domain (SD, RMSSD) and frequency domain (p_VLF, p_LF, p_HF), but also by non-linear methods: chaos theory (alphaS, alphaF) and information theory (AppEn, SamEn, PermEn, Regul). For each method, we attempt three sizes of window 1024/2048/4096, and then compare these methods in order to find the optimal ways to distinguish S from NS. The results show that alphaS, alphaF and SamEn are optimal parameters to recognize sepsis from the diagnosis of late neonatal infection in premature infants with unusual and recurrent AB. (2) The question about the functional coupling of HRV and nasal respiration is addressed. Linear and non-linear relationships have been explored. Linear indexes were correlation (r²), coherence function (Cohere) and time-frequency index (r2t,f), while a non-linear regression coefficient (h²) was used to analyze non-linear relationships. We calculated two directions during evaluate the index h2 of non-linear regression. Finally, from the entire analysis process, it is obvious that the three indexes (r2tf_rn_raw_0p2_0p4, h2_rn_raw and h2_nr_raw) were complementary ways to diagnosticate sepsis in a non-invasive way, in such delicate patients.(3) Furthermore, feasibility study is carried out on the candidate parameters selected from MC and BC respectively. We discovered that the proposed test based on optimal fusion of 6 features shows good performance with the largest Area Under Curves (AUC) and the least Probability of False Alarm (PFA). As a conclusion, we believe that the selected measures from MC and BC signal analysis have a good repeatability and accuracy to test for the diagnosis of sepsis via non-invasive NICU monitoring system, which can reliably confirm or refute the diagnosis of infection at an early stage
Héon, Marjolaine. "Interventions infirmières relatives à l'allaitement maternel de nouveau-nés prématurés." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6136.
Full textProblem statement. Based on observations from an unsuccessful randomized clinical trial that aimed to evaluate the effects of hindmilk on the short-term growth and development of preterm infants, a lactation support intervention for mothers of preterm infants has been developed. Mothers who give birth prematurely are three times more likely to have an insufficient milk output compared to those who give birth at term. It is therefore crucial to support these mothers in order to facilitate the establishment and maintenance of their milk supply. The aim of this pilot study is to estimate the effects of a lactation support intervention on the expression of breast milk and milk output of mothers who gave birth prematurely and assess the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention, study and its procedures. Research hypothesis. A lactation support intervention in mothers who deliver prematurely enables them to express their milk significantly longer and more frequently, and produce a greater milk output with a higher lipid concentration compared to mothers who deliver prematurely and receive usual care. Method. Design: A pilot study of a randomized clinical trial. Sample: Forty mothers of preterm infants born at <30 weeks of gestation and admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. Procedures: The mothers in the control group receive usual care while those in the experimental group receive a lactation support intervention. The intervention has four components: an education session on the establishment and maintenance of an adequate milk supply, a telephone follow-up, a telephone helpline and the loan of a double electric breast pump. In both the intervention and control groups, mothers kept a logbook of the frequency, duration and volume of their breast milk expressions. Results. Both the study design and the intervention are feasible and acceptable to mothers of preterm infants. With the exception of milk lipid concentration, the results are oriented in the same direction as the research hypothesis. Recommendations. A larger scale study should be conducted to evaluate the effects of the lactation support intervention on the frequency, duration, and volume of breast milk expression among mothers of premature infants. As for the clinical practice, concerted interprofessional actions must be undertaken to create the environment and conditions conducive to breast milk expression in these mothers.
Fernandez, Oviedo Abril Nicole. "Effets de regrouper les soins sur la stabilité physiologique des nouveau-nés prématurés hospitalisés à l’unité de soins intensifs néonatals." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24541.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to compare the physiological stability during and after clustered care of preterm infants between born between 24 and 316/7 weeks of gestational age and hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) versus a non-clustered standard care. Ten preterm infants, between 24.2 and 29.6 weeks of gestational age at birth, were recruited for the study. The analysis of covariance with repeated measures controlling for noise showed no significant difference in SCRIP scores between the periods of clustered care and control. In light of these results, preterm infants should benefit from this intervention when hospitalized in the NICU, in order to reduce the frequency of manipulations, offer longer periods of sleep and limit their energy expenditure.
De, Clifford-Faugère Gwenaelle. "Intervention de stimulation olfactive avec du lait maternel pour diminuer la réponse à la douleur procédurale des nouveau-nés prématurés : une étude pilote." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19449.
Full textPreterm neonates experience many painful procedures during their hospitalisation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) where heel prick is the most frequent painful intervention. Repeated and untreated pain has long term consequences for preterm neonates. The use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management interventions is limited for preterm neonates. Therefore, it is essential to investigate new pain management interventions such as breast milk odor. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an olfactive stimulation intervention to manage procedural pain of preterm neonates, born between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation, during heel prick. A pilot study was conducted with 12 preterm neonates, 11 mothers and 20 nurses in a level III NICU. The study group was familiarised with breast milk odor for nine hours preceding blood sampling. Breast milk odor was combined with standard care during heel prick and pain was measured by the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised. Self-reported questionnaires administered to mothers (n = 11) and nurses (n = 20) confirmed the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, with a proportion of over 80% for both of these items. Observed effect indicated that the closer the compress with the breast milk odor was to the preterm neonates’ nose (n=12), the shorter time to return to baseline after the painful procedure was and the lower the pain score was on the PIPP-R. Breast milk odor is a non-pharmacological pain management intervention which is non-expensive and feasible for mothers and nurses. Findings of this pilot study guide the methodology of a randomized controlled trial.
Elremaly, Wesam. "Biochemical mechanisms involved in pulmonary hypo-alveolarization induced by peroxides contaminating parenteral nutrition in newborn guinea pig." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13977.
Full textBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication of preterm newborns, affecting nearly 50% of infants born before 29 weeks of gestation. BPD is characterized by an arrest in alveolar development. The onset of BPD is related to oxidative stress. Research has shown that parenteral nutrition (PN), which is given to preterm newborns to bypass an immature gastrointestinal system, is a major source of oxidative stress. Indeed, PN is contaminated with peroxides, including ascorbylperoxide, an oxidized form of dehydroascorbic acid. Ambient light is a catalyst for the generation of peroxides. Photo-protection of PN, although difficult to apply in the clinical situation, is associated with a lower incidence of BPD in premature infants and with better alveolar outcomes in animal models of neonatal PN. We hypothesized that the ascorbylperoxide in PN disrupts alveolar development. The main mechanism of action is an inhibition of the transformation of methionine into cysteine in the liver, leading to a lower glutathione synthesis in the liver as well as in peripheral tissues such as lung. Lower glutathione (GSH) concentrations favour a shift of redox potential to a more oxidized state and consequently, to exaggerated apoptosis. If our hypothesis is correct, the addition of glutathione to PN would help detoxify ascorbylperoxide through the action of glutathione peroxidase and prevent the deleterious impact of PN. Objectives: The aims of my research project were to investigate the biochemical mechanisms linking PN to the development of BPD in premature newborns and to propose a nutritional alternative that would prevent the occurrence of this frequently observed complication. Specific objectives were: 1) to assess the effect of intravenously infused ascorbylperoxide on the metabolic axis redox potential of glutathione in the lung; specifically, apoptosis and the alveolarization index; 2) to study the impact of ascorbylperoxide and the redox potential on the activity of methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) in the liver; methionine adenosyltransferase is the first enzyme in the metabolic cascade from methionine to cysteine; and 3) to try to prevent the deleterious impact of PN or ascorbylperoxide infusions on the lung by improving glutathione status. Methods: Through a catheter in the jugular vein, 3-day-old guinea pigs (n = 8 per group) received continuous infusions of PN or a simple solution (dextrose + NaCl) enriched with different molecules for testing. The first objective was achieved by enriching the basic solution with ascorbylperoxide at concentrations of 0, 20, 60 and 180 M. To mimic clinical conditions, these solutions contained, or not, 350 M H2O2. The second objective was achieved by investigating the mechanisms of MAT inhibition in animals infused, or not, with solutions consisting of the basic solution, peroxides, glutathione, and PN (dextrose + amino acids + multivitamins + lipids). The third objective was achieved by adding, or not, 10 M of glutathione (GSSG) to the ascorbylperoxide or PN solution until a normal plasma concentration of glutathione was obtained. After 4 days, the lungs were removed. GSH and GSSG levels in the lungs were determined by capillary electrophoresis. The redox potential was calculated using the Nernst equation. The activation and the concentration of active caspase-3 (marker of apoptosis) were determined by Western blot, and the alveolarization index quantified by the number of intercepts between histological structures and a calibrated straight line. Data were compared by ANOVA; effects were considered significant if p was less than 0.05. Results: The infusion of ascorbylperoxide, independently of H2O2, induced hypoalveolarization, activation of caspase-3, and oxidation of the redox potential, in a dose-dependent manner. These effects were prevented by the addition of GSSG to the ascorbylperoxide (180 M) or PN solutions. Ascorbylperoxide and H2O2 inhibited MAT activity in the liver. Hepatic MAT activity was linearly modulated by the value of the redox potential. Conclusion: Our results suggest that ascorbylperoxide is the active ingredient in PN that leads to the development of BPD. Correcting the low glutathione levels induced by peroxides in PN solutions would promote the detoxification of peroxides and re-establish proper pulmonary redox potentials. Glutathione correction further protects the lungs from the deleterious effects of PN by bypassing hepatic MAT inhibition. This result is of great importance because it gives hope for the possible prevention of BPD.