Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nouvelles ressources'
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Lima, Maria Elizabeth Antunes. "Effets psychopathologiques des nouvelles politiques de ressources humaines." Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090028.
Full textBehind a discourse that pretends to be inspired by the industrial democracy the "new managerial" enterprises develop rather totalitarians human resource politics and this raises important questions concerning the psychopathology of work
Prunier, Delphine. "De nouvelles ruralités en Amérique centrale ? : dynamiques de mobilité, ressources et organisations familiales." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952934.
Full textDeparis, Etienne. "Création de nouvelles connaissances décisionnelles pour une organisation via ses ressources sociales et documentaires." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016788.
Full textAveryanov, Yaroslav. "Concevoir et analyser de nouvelles règles d’arrêt prématuré pour économiser les ressources de calcul." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I048.
Full textThis work develops and analyzes strategies for constructing instances of the so-called early stopping rules applied to some iterative learning algorithms for estimating the regression function. Such quantities are data-driven rules indicating when to stop the iterative learning process to reach a trade-off between computational costs and the statistical precision. Unlike a large part of the existing literature on early stopping, where these rules only depend on the data in a "weak manner", we provide data-driven solutions for the aforementioned problem without utilizing validation data. The crucial idea exploited here is that of the minimum discrepancy principle (MDP), which shows when to stop an iterative learning algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this idea dates back to the work of Vladimir A. Morozov in the 1960s-1970s who studied linear ill-posed problems and their regularization, mostly inspired by mathematical physics problems. Among different applications of this line of work, the so-called spectral filter estimators such as spectral cut-off, Landweber iterations, and Tikhonov (ridge) regularization have received quite a lot of attention (e.g., in statistical inverse problems). It is worth mentioning that the minimum discrepancy principle consists in controlling the residuals of an estimator (which are iteratively minimized) and properly setting a threshold for them such that one can achieve some (minimax) optimality. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to theoretical guarantees of stopping rules based on the minimum discrepancy principle and applied to gradient descent, and Tikhonov (ridge) regression in the framework of reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). There, we show that this principle provides a minimax optimal functional estimator of the regression function when the rank of the kernel is finite. However, when one deals with infinite-rank reproducing kernels, the resulting estimator will be only suboptimal. While looking for a solution, we found the existence of the so-called residuals polynomial smoothing strategy. This strategy (combined with MDP) has been proved to be optimal for the spectral cut-off estimator in the linear Gaussian sequence model. We borrow this strategy, modify the stopping rule accordingly, and prove that the smoothed minimum discrepancy principle yields a minimax optimal functional estimator over a range of function spaces, which includes the well-known Sobolev function class. Our second contribution consists in exploring the theoretical properties of the minimum discrepancy stopping rule applied to the more general family of linear estimators. The main difficulty of this approach is that, unlike the spectral filter estimators considered earlier, linear estimators do no longer lead to monotonic quantities (the bias and variance terms). Let us mention that this is also the case for famous algorithms such as Stochastic Gradient Descent. Motivated by further practical applications, we work with the widely used k-NN regression estimator as a reliable first example. We prove that the aforementioned stopping rule leads to a minimax optimal functional estimator, in particular, over the class of Lipschitz functions on a bounded domain.The third contribution consists in illustrating through empirical experiments that for choosing the tuning parameter in a linear estimator (the k-NN regression, Nadaraya-Watson, and variable selection estimators), the MDP-based early stopping rule performs comparably well with respect to other widely used and known model selection criteria
Isselmou, Braham Braham Cheikh Baye. "Les pêcheries pélagiques de la ZEE mauritanienne : nouvelles méthodes pour de nouvelles connaissances." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20248/document.
Full textNational and international context marked by an awareness of growing importance of pelagic fish for food security of people in underdeveloped countries . The depletion of demersal species also makes this extremely important resource for the future pelagic fisheries in Mauritania. Mauritanian EEZ is characterized by the existence of a favorable development of several species hydro-climatic and morphological phenomena , small pelagic species that represent more than 90% of the fisheries potential is about one million tones. The major problems facing the management of these species is understanding the roles played by them in their biogeography intrinsic spatio- temporal dynamics ( short-lived , aggregation , etc. ..) and the evaluation of their abundances . Assessment of exploited fish stocks is a priority. However, the recurring difficulty of evaluations of these fisheries, naturally very unstable, often reflected a lack of precision in the methods used , the incompleteness of the data ( which is also a problem of sampling) or sampling uncontrolled .The Mauritanian small pelagic fisheries are multi-species (sardines , horse mackerel , sardinella ) . In addition to the data provided by the logbooks including the holding is mandatory for industrial units, survey data for the landing craft and coastal segment often used to calculate the abundance, acoustic surveys , are an important means for quantify the abundance and study the distribution of these resources. The data collected by observers on board fishing industrial units are also a source of important information.Based on these data , this work aims at the reconstruction of the main series of abundances of small pelagic stocks in the northern part of West Africa , to be used in the adjustment of stock assessments models. Given the importance of the environmental component in very large fluctuations observed, the integration of this dimension in the analysis of this series catches the role of each of these factors (fisheries and environment) in the variability of abundance seasonal and amplitude of their migration.In addition to these conventional data Mauritania introduced on board commercial fishing vessels with VMS . This system allows the transmission by satellite to the body control the ship's position every hour is an important technological advance. This new type of data could therefore be a new source for estimating abundance and fishing effort of small pelagic species through appropriate statistical methods. A method for the interpretation in terms of paths abundance index was applied. The coupling of VMS and logbook will help to improve the definition of nominal fishing effort and catch location at fine spatial and temporal.The general problem is how to improve the estimation of the abundance of small pelagic stocks , understand fluctuations in the abundance and migration strategy of the species as well as tactics and strategies implemented by fleets to fish resources whose behavior is often erratic . It is therefore to adresse several issues in particular:What is the trend of the evolution of the abundance of pelagic species in the North West African area? The interpretation of the trajectories in terms of VMS fishing can it be used to map the abundance of key species? What are the seasons abundances? Environmental parameters they play an important role on the distribution of species? Will there a difference between tactics and strategies of the different fleets fishing for small pelagic? Data logs and data collected by observers on board can be used as a priori knowledge? To address these issues , we proceed to the mobilization of all relevant time series and implement innovative statistical and geostatistical methods , some of which applied for the first time in the sub -region for these stocks
CHAMBRIER, LIONEL. "Coherence entre grh et organisation : repenser le role de la fonction rh dans les nouvelles formes d'organisation." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4002.
Full textBen, Mabrouk Soufiene. "Les enjeux des ressources naturelles dans la péréquation : cas des nouvelles redevances hydrauliques au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25746/25746.pdf.
Full textGoubali, Maximin Noël. "Évolution des économies ouest-africaines à la lumière des nouvelles théories de la croissance." Paris 12, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA123001.
Full textGunia, Nadège. "La fontion ressources humaines face aux transformations organisationnelles des entreprises. Impact des nouvelles technologies d'information et de communication." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00008647.
Full textGunia, Nadège. "La fonction ressources humaines face aux transformations organisationnelles des entreprises : impacts des nouvelles technologies d'information et de communication." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10080.
Full textThe organisational changes could be characterized as a constant forming integral part of the life of the organizations so much those are confronted there with one moment or another. These changes are described in a partial way (according to studied variables) or generally (according to the reports presented) by many theorists. The purpose of this search is not to remain in the line of former work, but rather to bring innovative elements to this complex phenomenon, so much with regard to the variables which are taken into account (NTIC, sociological aspects of the actors, etc), that what relates to the methodology of search and the framework in which it is presented. Thus, which puts forward this thesis, is the fact that the organisational changes and those of the human resources function (regarded as an organisational subsystem) are imbricated, and they interact owing to a necessary coherence. The reports presented here are resulting of an empirical study undertaken close to a sample of 200 enterprises according to a longitudinal and qualitative approach, and analysed on a triptych framework made of systemics, contextualists and constructivists considerations
Montoya, casas Carlos Eduardo. "Nouvelles méthodes pour le problème de gestion de projet multi-compétence." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789769.
Full textYoussef, Marie-Josépha. "Nouvelles approches pour l’allocation des ressources dans les réseaux de communication futurs utilisant NOMA et aidés par les drones." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0208.
Full textWith a forecasted number of billions of connected devices, the Internet of Things (IoT) is driving the evolution of wireless communication networks. This exponential increase in the number of connected devices is accompanied by a proliferation of heterogeneous IoT applications, resulting in the emergence of new wireless use cases that greatly differ from conventional multimedia services. When compared to previous communication systems, next generation wireless communication systems are expected to provide very high data rates, high reliability, low latency, improvement in the quality of service (QoS) perceived by users and an increase in the number of supported users.To meet these requirements, some of the key elements future communication systems must leverage include novel spectrum access techniques such as non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and uncoordinated spectrum access, self-organized networks (SON) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)-aided communication networks. The main objective of this thesis is to exploit these key elements to provide novel resource allocation and net-work design solutions that aim at optimizing the use of available radio resources in next generation wireless communication networks. Different settings are considered, spanning wireless systems with heterogeneous mobile traffic requirements, uncoordinated spectrum access in SONs and UAV-aided communication systems. For each setting, a solution leveraging NOMA scheduling is proposed. The obtained results of the proposed solutions are promising, where these solutions are shown to outperform existing techniques from the literature
Zafisoamalala, Claudiana. "Nouvelles dynamiques socioéconomiques crées par l'immigration liée à l'exploitation des ressources naturelles : le cas du Cap Est de Madagascar." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB213.
Full textPoverty in Madagascar has implications in the field of social, economic, political and environmental. Thereby, over the last around twenty years, massive internal immigration has taken place and been observed due to the discovery and exploitation of new natural resources. This phenomenon spread out with reference to, on the one hand, the discovery of certain mining sites (for example Ilakaka in 1998) and, on the other hand, the explosion of the precious wood demand on the international market. On this second point, this thesis focuses on providing relevant information and reflection on immigration in the two rural communes and the city of Antalaha, which is one of the main areas in Madagascar well-known in owning and logging forest of precious wood. Even if the exploitation of precious woods has caused a very large migratory flow, these migrations have not always had the same characteristics over the time. The migratory phenomena observed in the different zones of activity present a wide variety of cases. The main factor bringing them together is the abundance of available resources, though the impact on socio-economical and ecological systems can be quite different from one area to another. Thanks to a research methodology and a field approach combined with a quantitative and qualitative methodological guidance, we will take as central problem of this thesis whether this immigration does or does not bring a local development in the zones of study
Cheval, Hélène. "Quelles interactions à la biodiversité pour l’implication des individus à sa conservation ? : la construction de nouvelles approches et méthodes de mesure." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066671.
Full textSprawling urban environments are dramatically reducing opportunities for people to interact with nature. According to the extinction of experience hypothesis, this widening separation between people and the nature may entail disaffection, lack of knowledge towards biodiversity and its conservation. While this principle has been widely adopted and quoted, strong evidence is lacking. The objective of the thesis is to test this hypothesis and to explore what types of connection to biodiversity are linked to involvement of individuals into conservation. In that aim, we developed new approaches and methods to measure individual behaviors and their interactions with nature. We first investigated the role of the presence of nature in people’s surroundings in an actual conservation behavior: organic consumption at a nationwide scale based on the sales of supermarket stores from the E. Leclerc group. We then studied the role of various types of everyday life relations to nature in people’s knowledge, sense of connectedness to nature and their individual behaviors in an urban context using a questionnaire. Finally, a 3D computer program creating virtual gardens allowed us to explore which biodiversity and relation to nature people want in public gardens. This thesis supports the negative effect of urbanization in individuals’ implication in conservation. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining daily access to local and ordinary biodiversity, particularly in artificial environments, and experiencing the interdependence between humans and biodiversity
Gharba, Ahmed. "OFDM et allocation des ressources dans les nouvelles générations des réseaux d'accès optiques pour des systèmes mono et multi-utilisateurs." Rennes, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAR0008.
Full textOptical access networks are essential to meet overgrowing demands of bandwidth and to facilitate the future telecom services. Lt presents an interesting solution for broadband access networks compared to DSL technology which has a limited data rate as weil as a short geographical reach eligibility. Actual optical access networks solutions are based on classical and simple NRZ (Non Return to Zero) modulation technique of the signal in the optical domain. Recently, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation has been proposed to better exploit the capacity of the optical channel. Coupled with resources allocation techniques, OFDM transmission takes into consideration the channel quality in order to maximize the overall data rate. This thesis experimentally implements OFDM coupled with bit and power allocation algorithms in a downstream Next Generation PON (NG-PON) architectures. First, OFDM coupled with Levin-Campello algorithm so called Adaptively Modulated Optical OFDM (AMOOFDM) is presented for single user OFDM-based systems. Then, another technique Optimal Spectrum Balancing (OSB) is used for resource allocation in multi-user OFDM-based systems. Lmplementing OSB, Multi-Band OFDM (MB-OFDM) has been experimentally demonstrated, then a comparison is made between MB-OFDM and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) both using OSB algorithm. The impact of the laser chirp and optical fibre chromatic dispersion on transmission performance is studied as weil as a comparison is made between APD and PIN photodiodes both using AMOOFDM signal
Chabrat, Elodie. "Développement de nouvelles formulations d'agromatériaux thermoplastiques par mélange en extrudeur bivis de céréales et de polymères issus de ressources renouvelables." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0036/document.
Full textIn this work, we have been interested in blending wheat flour and poly(lactic acid). Wheat flour, which is mainly constituted of starch, has been transformed with plasticizers in a twin-screw extruder with the effect of heat and shear. Poly(lactic acid) is the main biodegradable polyester in the world nowadays. These two phases are thermodynamically immiscible and not very compatible, different ways are tried to improve the blend quality. A first part of this work lies on the search of optimal conditions to transform and blend the raw materials. Twin-screw extrusion is used to pasticize starch and to ensure a good blending between the two phases. Screw design and different equipments have been chosen for this purpose. Classical twin-screw parameters have been studied: screw design, temperature profile, filling ratio… The study of the formulation, more particularly of plasticizers for starch plasticization but also of compatibilizers to improve starch/PLA interphase is tackled in a second part. Citric acid is tested as a plasticizer but also as a compatibilizer. These researches have allowed to develop interesting formulations for industrial applications: possibility of processing by injection-molding, flexibility, rigidity…
Badach-Allouche, Corinne. ""Psychothérapie" sur Internet ? : Contribution à une réflexion psychanalytique sur les nouvelles formes de communication." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE2020.
Full textInfluenced by the speech of the science which maintains illusion that “all is possible” and erases any trace of negativity, the postmodern subject lost direction of limits and castration symbolic. In our individualistic society where all must go even faster, even further, the “dubious individual” finds himself only vis-a-vis his responsibilities. In “breakdown of the Other”, in search of direction and reference mark, it lets appear signs of brittleness. Thus were born from new forms of expression of the suffering and new pathologies such as the cyberdépendance and the contemporary depression. This work of psychoanalytical inspiration tries to show that Internet is revealing post-modern subject and in particular in terms of depression. Through some clinical cases, the author tries to explain the fascination of the Net surfer for the sites of psychology and theirs babillards electronic. In the light of the psychoanalytical approach, this work analyzes the suffering of the participants like a social symptom of faintness. This contemporary depression calls contemporary answers but is this virtual place of communication which evacuates the place of the subject, refusal reality and grants a dominating place to the imaginary one, one of these answers? This work proposes to reflect on the methods of a virtual clinic
Duhaut, Nicolas. "Nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication et modernisation du service public : les relations administratives dans la branche Famille de la Sécurité sociale." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30012.
Full textAudran, Jacques. "Influences réciproques relatives à l'usage des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication par les acteurs de l'école. Le cas des sites Web des écoles primaires françaises." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00342534.
Full textPraly, Cécile. "Nouvelles formes de valorisation territoriale en agriculture, le cas de l'arboriculture de la Moyenne Vallée du Rhône." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00617137.
Full textPlouguerné, Erwan. "Étude écologique et chimique de deux algues introduites sur les côtes bretonnes, Grateloupia turuturu Yamada et Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt : nouvelles ressources biologiques de composés à activité antifouling." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2046.
Full textThe invasive algae Grateloupia turuturu and Sargassum muticum were chosen as models of this study. The aims of this work were i) to understand the population biology of G. Turuturu and S. Muticum and their adaptation strategies in novel habitats, ii) to determinate if their adaptation strategies were related to the development of a chemical defence based on antifouling compounds synthesis, iii) to characterize metabolites involved in this chemical defence and produced by the two algae. Lien, a pluridisciplinary study was carried out including an ecological survey of the two invasive algae at three field sites selected along the coast of French Brittany, a screening of the antifouling activity of extracts from G. Turuturu and £ muticum, and a chemical work in order to isolate and identify compounds present in the active extracts. Results allow us to better understand the population biology of G. Turuturu and S. Muticum and to higlight the impact of environmental parameters on variables studied in both species. Antifouling tests highlighted the dichloromethane extract from G. Turuturu and the chloroform extract from S. Muticum as the most actives. The chemical work led to the isolation of cholesteryl formate from G. Turuturu and to the identification of hydrocarbons, free fatty acids and galactoglycerolipids from S. Muticum. All these compounds showed antifouling activities against several strains of bacteria implicated in microfouling
Turco, Alessia. "Etat et communauté dans la vallée du Sourou (Burkina Faso) : les nouvelles perspectives de l'irrigation dans la région sahelo-soudanaise." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU1010.
Full textThe hydraulic resource valorisation policies carried out in Sub Saharan Africa produce some important territorial dynamics ; they reflect the relationships between different actors involved in the decision making process (State, populations, local communities, donors, international organisations, etc), and their own interests. The thesis underlines these processes studying a big irrigation project locates in the north-west region of Burkina Faso, the Sourou Valley
Boureima, Amadou. "Contribution à l'étude et à l'aménagement des ressources du milieu naturel : exemple de la colonisation des nouvelles terres et la dynamiques des agrosystèmes le long du Goroubi au Niger." Bordeaux 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR30026.
Full textFor a long time, the goroubi's region, in the southern band of west niger, was a periforest area, where the presence of mankind was rare and limited in timer. This region presents a rather flat and homogeneous relief with fertil soils, adapted to extensive cereal farming over large areas. . Annual rainful is in the ordre of 600mm to 700mm, which is characteristic of this sahelian and sudanese band. This latest climatic crises in niger (1973-1984) have led to a southward migration of the northern populations afflicted by the drought. This migration concerns the goroubi region in particular, due to the favourable pluviometric conditions and under-populations. This migration has been encouraged by the politic authorities, even though necessary measures have not been taken in order to facilitate the southward migration. This had led to a clearing and a cultivation of the new goroubi lands by new immigrants and also by other farmers, who reside for the most part in the capital. An interpretation of areal photographs of 1956,1975 and our personal observations and groundwork in 1988 and 1989 have highlighted a clearcut progression and the degradation of the natural environment. The development of this environment requires an improvement in methods of livestock rearing in particular as well as various other methods aimed at the restoration of soil fertility
Praly, Cécile. "Nouvelles formes de valorisation territoriale en agriculture : le cas de l’arboriculture de la moyenne vallée du Rhône." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20038/document.
Full textThe fruit growing sector in the Middle Rhône Valley, competed by low-cost-production countries, faces a serious structural crisis. Then, we analyze the links between the arboriculture and its territories which can constitue resources mobilized as territorial valorization forms by local actors.The historic productive model of the arboriculture in the Middle Rhône Valley, the production-shipping basin, is now questioned by two rival forces. The first, called « centrifugal », is exercised by the main shippers who enlarge their supply area to be able to deliver large volumes of standardized fruits, relevant for the main retailers demand. In the opposite, some « centripetal » forces produce a fragmentation effect in the basin. These result from territorial identification initiatives for fruits, lead by the producers.Between these forces, farmers develop some strategies to maintain economic viability of their farms. They add to the existing shipping-circuits news outlets which valorize various proximities between production and consumption. We describe multi-scale « proximity circuits », including different types of the fruits supply chain actors, of consumers and marketing chanels. These circuits are shaped by competition and complementarity relationships with the basin of production-shipping. They benefit from the local communities supports.The conclusion of the research displays a characterization of the different proximity circuits and a theorical model to analyze the diversity of territorial valorization forms in agriculture
Catanzaro, Alexis. "Influence des Services d’Accompagnement à l'Export sur les ressources et la performance internationale des Exportatrices Précoces." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10040/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on Export Support Services offered by the public and semi-public actors. Public authorities are questioning the effectiveness of these services. The literature reports conflicting results on this issue, especially because of the lack of a valid measure of export support which makes it difficult to compare results. This difficulty is exacerbated by the diversity of firms supported. Indeed, the services was thought to firm with internationalization by stages. Yet it appears that Early Exporters, the most common but also the most fragile type of International New Ventures, use the same services. Therefore, two questions arise; first, how to measure the export support received by the firm and, secondly, the question of the effectiveness of the Export Support Services for Early Exporters. To answer the first question, a process of construction of a scale measurement of Export Support based on the Churchill paradigm (1979) is implemented. An exploratory study was conducted with thirteen support export actors and five companies to make measurement items. Then 288 questionnaires of supported firms are harvested and used to test the psychometric properties of the scale. This approach results in a multidimensional measurement scale with nine items and distinguishing informational, operational and financial Export Support. This tool can measure more accurately Export Support Services used by the firm. To answer the second question, the theory of resources is mobilized to identify the strategic resources of Early Exporters and influence that different types of Export Support can have on them. These relationships lead to a conceptual model tested by the method of structural equation from 196 questionnaires of supported companies. It shows that the Export Support Services are less effective for Early Exporters, especially with regard to the financial support that has no influence on their international performance. The results thus highlight the need to develop new services to effectively support Early Exporters. Several proposals are made in this direction
Casemajor, Loustau Nathalie. "Diffuser les collections photographiques sur le Web : de nouvelles pratiques de médiation? : étude des formes et stratégies de communication du patrimoine photographique en ligne." Thèse, Lille 3, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2911/1/D1912.pdf.
Full textLehodey, Patrick. "Les monts sous-Marins de Nouvelle-Calédonie et leurs ressources halieutiques." Université française du Pacifique (1987-1999), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PACI0002.
Full textRother, Eva. "Prise en compte des spécificités culturelles et des muta-tions nécessaires dans le management industriel français pour répondre aux nouvelles exigences de l’industrie 4.0." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI047.
Full textRegarding the previous industrial revolutions and organizational changes and evalu-ating the promises made by Industry 4.0, our aim is to imagine concrete developments in lean management and organization by building the manager of tomorrow. For this, a methodological approach will be applied to compare the theoretical con-cepts of lean, their concrete applications in current manufacturing and their possible weaknesses looking for I4.0 ‘s principles. Future developments will be made, by in-tegrating feedback and digital, organizational and generational constraints, and will allow us to draw up a portrait of the operational manager of the future, in an agile or even liberated organization. These proposals will be concretely implemented and evaluated on a French industri-al site that will be our field of experimentation. Through the analysis of the factors of success and failure of digitization projects in this historic factory of an international group, we will evaluate the assumptions previously made and enrich the management model imagined. In a second phase, through a survey of several European sites, we will question operational managers at all levels in order to define the func-tions and interactions of the French manager 4.0 in terms of skills, objectives and management methods. All these conclusions will focus on the key position of the in-termediate manager in technological developments and their ownership, but also on proposals to take into account and adapt organizations to facilitate the integration of the key concepts of I4.0 which are a great asset of renewal for the French industry
Ferreira, de Carvalho Julie. "Évolution du génome des spartines polyploïdes envahissant les marais salés : apport des nouvelles techniques de séquençage haut-débit." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795861.
Full textFeger, Clément. "Nouvelles comptabilités au service des écosystèmes. Une recherche engagée auprès d'une entreprise du secteur de l'environnement." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0006/document.
Full textCurrent efforts to halt the destruction of the planet’s ecosystems and to reinforce and renew their collective management reside on three distinct innovation fronts: (1) the design and use of new ecosystem assessment tools by conservation scientists and practitioners; (2) the development of new social and environmental accounting frameworks and tools at the level of organization; (3) the contribution of the private sector to natural capital protection and maintenance. This doctoral thesis aims to relate these three domains of innovation to one another by mobilizing the accounting discipline as a pivot to connect ecological information systems and tools, diverse forms of collective action for ecosystem management, and private sector initiatives and accounting innovations. The thesis combines a work of theoretical construction with the results of an action-research conducted in an environmental sector company that seeks to develop new services specifically designed for the management of ecological systems. We first propose a new theoretical and practical perspective at the junction of accounting and conservation science centered on the collective management of ecological issues: the development of Management Accounting for Ecosystems. We show why and how they are complementary to all the other domains of ecosystem accounting innovation. Secondly, we introduce four organizational and strategic directions to think and guide the development of new “services to ecosystems” business models. To complement them, we suggest new accounts and accounting practices to help environmental sector companies negotiate and co-create ecological value with other stakeholders, and transform their own representation and quantification of corporate value
Guidez, Aurélie. "Les derniers chasseurs-cueilleurs de l'Arc circum-alpin occidental et de ses marges : nouvelles données apportées par l'étude archéozoologique de l'abri sous roche de la Souche à Arconciel (Canton de Fribourg, Suisse)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG021/document.
Full textAt the end of the VIth millennium BC, the Neolithic propagated in central and western Europe through danubian and meridional streams. However, the first known traces of Neolithic occupation on the Swiss Plateau date from a thousand years later only. This PhD work focuses on the study of the fauna remains from the upper levels of the La Souche rock shelter (Arconciel, Canton of Fribourg, Switzerland). The site is characterized by unusually abundant fauna remains for the regional Second Mesolithic, an exceptionally extensive stratigraphy and the dating of the studied assemblages to the end of the Second Mesolithic. It therefore constitutes an ideal tool to investigate the various aspects of the last hunter-gatherers way of life in central Europe. The results of the study point to an evolution over time of the activities linked to hunting in this shelter. By integrating the results of this archeozoological analysis in a more general context, we can further address the factors that can affect the composition of the hunted faunal spectra, and the part they played at the end of the Second Mesolithic
Taïb, Najwa. "Analyse de la diversité microbienne par séquençage massif : méthodes et applications." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926896.
Full textDoudard, Rémy. "Flexibilité et interactions de long terme dans les systèmes multi-énergies : analyse technico-économique des nouvelles filières gazières et électriques en France." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM067/document.
Full textOver the past decade, several new technological pathways have been experimented with a view to reaching national decarbonization targets in France. These include biomethane, synthetic methane from Power-to-Gas, hydrogen, and Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS). The potential contributions of these technologies could make it more difficult for stakeholders and public authorities to choose the appropriate solution. In what contexts could these technologies be developed and what are their potential competition/cooperation perspectives?This research analyzes the role of these new technological pathways within the French gas and electricity systems. We propose a long-term, techno-economic assessment of the options at a 2050 horizon applying an optimal paradigm. We analyze the systems balance over several years while addressing the issue of intraday flexibility constraints.To this end, the bottom-up TIMES-FR-GAZEL model has been developed in order to study joint gas and electricity systems optimization with explicit representation of technologies (biomethane production, Power-to-Gas, CCS, etc.).This model allows us to embed trajectory constraints to reach the 2050 horizon. Assessments are conducted based on final energy demand scenarios with contrasted hypotheses on technology availability, decarbonization strategies and energy demand
Lehodey, Patrick. "Les monts sous-marins de nouvelle-caledonie et leurs ressources halieutiques." Pacifique, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PACI0006.
Full textAlawad, Hiba. "De l'aménagement numérique des territoires à l'intégration du Web dans l'analyse géographique : nouvelles méthodes et perspectives pour les Systèmes d'Information Géographiques (SIG), la cartographie et la télédétection." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00569413.
Full textPreuss, Bastien. "Evaluation de scénarios de gestion des ressources du lagon Sud-ouest de la Nouvelle-Calédonie : intégration des connaissances et modélisation spatialement explicite." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2012. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseBastienPreuss2012.pdf.
Full textUngricht, Stefan. "Les figuiers endémiques de la Nouvelle-Calédonie : Evaluation quantitative des collections pour la taxonomie, floristique et conservation." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20219.
Full textFrançois, Maxime. "Les conflits verts, vers une nouvelle typologie des conflits liée aux ressources naturelles." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30085.
Full textToday the African continent is the heart of many conflicts characterized by an uneven distribution of “natural resources”. It is proven that the associated environmental risks such as pollution, climate change, and desertification pose an additional threat to the affected populations and ecosystems. The debate on “environmental security” has expanded tremendously in the space of twenty years, and our interest is thus to try to understand its origins, foundations and the various discourses built around this concept. The notion of “green conflicts” has never been thoroughly analyzed taking into account the many examples affecting the African continent, nor has this been done in the light of the construction of a new typology aimed at capturing these new contemporary conflicts in a more efficient manner. Thus our research aims to give an understanding of how “environment” and “natural resources” have become new factors of power that have influenced African armed conflicts in the recent decades. We wish to highlight the evolution of the traditional concept of security to one of “environmental security” based on the changing discourse among politicians of the 20th century. We will then naturally turn to discussions concerning the improvement of prevention effectiveness methods and the resolution of these new conflicts as faced by the international community, as well the creation of a “green helmets” force and the notion of “environmental crime”, both demonstrating the limitations we are still confronted to on this topic
Bour, William. "Biologie, écologie, exploitation et gestion rationnelle des trocas (Trochus niloticus L. ) de Nouvelle Calédonie." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20022.
Full textRivière, Monica. "Internationalization and the renewal capability of the firm." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1038.
Full textOne of the main preoccupations of scholars and practitioners in the strategy field in the last decade has been to understand how firms achieve and maintain competitive advantage. Although academic support exists for theorizing renewal capability in both strategy and organizational research, empirical studies are scarce and mostly non-homogeneous, making advancing a common understanding difficult. This thesis is dedicated to filling this gap. We are keen to advance our understanding of the role of internationalization in the renewal capability of the firm. With this aim, we theorize both renewal and internationalization as processes and managerial orchestrations (strategies) “to capture, develop, share and optimize knowledge conducive to internationalization and superior performance” (Cavusgil & Knight, 2015: 10). The renewal process draws on practices of sensing and seizing strategic opportunities and renewing the business (Teece, 2007). The internationalization process, on the other hand, is studied across three dimensions: through dynamics in breadth and in depth (the path), and by the speed (the pace) of foreign expansion
Ibrahimi, Khalil. "Gestion des ressources des réseaux mobiles de nouvelle génération par rapport à la mobilité des utilisateurs." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453644.
Full textDrioua, Wafa. "La Gestion des Ressources Humaines à l’ère de la nouvelle tendance « Talents » : cas du secteur bancaire marocain." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30051.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to analyze the evolution of HRM in the Moroccan companies to the advent of a new trend "Talents", taking the case of the banking sector. This sector is currently experiencing a severe competitive environment, particularly in the presence of a difficult economic environment, international financial crisis, and high turnover. We chose a qualitative methodology that involves exchanges, face-to-face discussion or phone interview. This thesis aims to understand the "Talents" not only in terms of business approach, but also to discern it as we can perceive it from the employee. Indeed, the current evolution of globalization can be spotted in several areas, especially in the financial markets. This certainly leads to changes in the functioning of this sector. Hence the appearance of new HR practices. The main objective of this research is to see if the talent management may be required in Moroccan companies as a new practice of HRM. To do this, we will first determine the current policy implemented by banks in terms of HRM, then we will try to discern the place of the new trend "Talents" in them, and finally, we will analyze the results and confirm or refute the hypotheses that have been mad of our empirical study. The results of this work may be of practical recommendations to Moroccan banks to review their HR policies, and cope the current issues
Hadida, Allègre Laurence. "Actifs stratégiques, facteurs institutionnels et performance : une application de la perspective de la ressource et de la nouvelle économie institutionnelle aux projets cinématographiques en France et aux Etats-Unis (1988-1997)." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHEC0001.
Full textRoger, Charlotte. "Étude des mécanismes de contrôle et allocation de ressources applicables aux réseaux optiques d'accès et collecte de nouvelle génération." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S133.
Full textToday where the FTTH deployments become more and more important, the study of an architecture which permit the re-use of PON infrastructure become more and more necessary. With the bit rate expected for the five next years, the employ of transparent technologies, like OBS or OPS, appear to be an interesting solution for economic and energetic point of view. A network architecture that integrates several WDM PON access segments in a metropolitan area network and uses optical burst switching is presented in this thesis. This architecture targets the delivery of very high speed end to end optical communications between the edge nodes connecting the end users. Different protocols which can be used in transparent network are been studied: WR-OBS (Wavelength Routed OBS) and an adaptation of PON mechanisms. In order to face future network evolutions we proposed an all-optical access-metro network which allows the simultaneous support of fixed and mobile services, in a fully integrated approach. In this architecture user's data can be transmitted according to two transmission modes: a circuit mode and a burst mode, in order to provide an all-optical end to-end communication
Nguyen, Tu-Anh. "Sources des la Croissance Économique: Capital matériel. Capital humain, Ressources naturelles et PTF." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402443.
Full textChesné, Lou. "Vers une nouvelle méthodologie de conception des bâtiments, basée sur leurs performances bioclimatiques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825646.
Full textAvadí, Tapia Angel Daniel. "Durabilité de la filière d’anchois du Pérou, de la mer aux rayonnages : vers une nouvelle stratégie d’utilisation optimale des ressources." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20025/document.
Full textThe research performed a sustainability assessment of supply chains of the anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) in Peru. The corresponding fisheries lands 6.5 million t per year, of which <2% is rendered into products for direct human consumption (DHC) and 98% reduced into feed ingredients (fishmeal and fish oil, FMFO), for export. Several industries compete for the anchoveta resources, generating local and global impacts. The need for understanding these dynamics, towards sustainability-improving management and policy recommendations, determined the development of a sustainability assessment framework: 1) characterisation and modelling of the systems under study (with Life Cycle Assessment and other tools) including local aquaculture, 2) calculation of sustainability indicators (i.e. energy efficiency, nutritional value, socio-economic performances), and 3) definition and comparison of alternative exploitation scenarios. Future exploitation scenarios were defined by coupling an ecosystem and a material flow models: continuation of the status quo (Scenario 1), shift towards increased proportion of DHC production (Scenario 2), and radical reduction of the anchoveta harvest in order for other fish stocks to recover and be exploited for DHC (Scenario 3). Scenario 2 was identified as the most sustainable.Management and policy recommendations include improving of: controls for compliance with management measures, sanitary conditions for DHC, landing infrastructure for small- and medium-scale (SMS) fisheries; the development of a national refrigerated distribution chain; and the assignation of flexible tolerances for discards from different DHC processes
Moulard, Jérémy. "Nouvelle ressource et évolution du business model : une équation à plusieurs inconnues : Le cas des nouveaux stades du football français." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR120/document.
Full textThis thesis assesses and explains the economical impact of new stadiums on the business ecosystem of French professional football. From 2008 to 2016, 13 new venues were built or renovated. The aim of this program is to enable the evolution of club revenue models, and, in parallel, the decline of the public subsidies paid to them. This model was witnessed in Germany following a similar program carried out between 2001 and 2006. Firstly, from these aspirations, the indicators used to perform a comparative analysis France-Germany, show that the expected economical results are far from expectations. In order to identify the causal links between ex ante objectives and ex post results, an analysis of the programming and exploitation modalities of the stadium resource is crafted using 7 monographs. This inductive search reveals important structural, financial and organizational limits, generated by the logics of these projects' actors. It appears, by absence of leader, that local communities, clubs and private building companies have failed to initiate the process of coevolution needed for the correct programming of these "tools of production". It therefore demonstrates how an alchemy of competence plays a central role in the creation of a new resource. In addition tothe knowledge and the « know-how », the will for action and sharing, defined by the notion of soft skills or « know-how-towbe », clarifies the initial logics of actors and explains the finalimpact of the stadiums' renovation's public policy in France. Thus, thanks to this specific case, the research enriches works in sports management dealing with the understanding of economic performance of a sports organization, through its assets and business model. Following a logic of new public management, it evaluates the relevance and efficiency of a renovation program that has mobilized more than 2 billion euros of public funds. Finally, following a logic of learning and evolution, this work eventually leads to managerial recommendations
Blangy-Martin, Sylvie. "Co-construire le tourisme autochtone par la recherche-action participative et les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication : une nouvelle approche de la gestion des ressources et des territoires." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30085/document.
Full textAboriginal communities have been over researched in the past. They are looking at new ways to regain and recapture their culture, language and identity and are in the procès of taking ownership of research processes, concepts and tools. In an attempt to revisit participatory-action research approach and adapt it to aboriginal contexts, we have developed research collaborations with 13 communities from Northern Canada (Cree and Inuit) and Northern Scandinavia (Saami) and organised 20 workshops using collaborative research techniques and tools developed by Chevalier and Buckles from Carleton University. This approach and the tool kit we produced prove to be useful and timely. We were able to address the concerms and challenges that the communities have to face, develop research collaborations between the Cree, the Inuit and the Saami, study community engagement processes in tourism projects and explore new aboriginal research metholodogies. At the same time and during this 3 year Marie Curie research fellowship, we have been exploring the possibilities of developing collaborative research on line via the web 2.0 and ITC. We uploaded 200 aboriginal tourism initiatives represented in the “Aboriginal Destinations” Guidebook, connected their authors in a Content Management System SPIP (www.aboriginal-ecotourism.org), incorporating a variety of integrated technologies: Google Maps™ to provide the geographic placement of the communities; a webbased survey to produce dynamic statistical data to translate the information provided in the narratives/articles into statistical data; discussion forums to add qualitative comments to the quantitative data
Caquard, Sébastien. "Des cartes multimédias dans le débat public : pour une nouvelle conception de la cartographie appliquée à la gestion de l'eau." Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STET2072.
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