Relevant bibliographies by topics / Novel object recognition test

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Novel object recognition test'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Novel object recognition test"

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Moustgaard, Anette, Nanna Marie Lind, Ralf Hemmingsen, and Axel Kornerup Hansen. "Spontaneous Object Recognition in the Göttingen Minipig." Neural Plasticity 9, no. 4 (2002): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.2002.255.

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Göttingen minipigs were tested in an object recognition procedure based on spontaneous exploration. Eight pigs were exposed to two similar objects in a sample trial and after a one-hour delay exposed to two objects, one familiar and one novel, in a test trial. The pigs explored the novel object significantly more than the familiar object in the test trial (p<0.05), thereby showing recognition of the familiar object. Furthermore, habituation of exploration of the familiar object between the sample trial and the test trial was found (p<0.05). The procedure can be useful for testing of spontaneous trial-unique memory in pigs.
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Fry, Regan, Jeremy Wilmer, Isabella Xie, Mieke Verfaellie, and Joseph DeGutis. "Evidence for normal novel object recognition abilities in developmental prosopagnosia." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 9 (September 2020): 200988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200988.

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The issue of the face specificity of recognition deficits in developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is fundamental to the organization of high-level visual memory and has been increasingly debated in recent years. Previous DP investigations have found some evidence of object recognition impairments, but have almost exclusively used familiar objects (e.g. cars), where performance may depend on acquired object-specific experience and related visual expertise. An object recognition test not influenced by experience could provide a better, less contaminated measure of DPs' object recognition abilities. To investigate this, in the current study we tested 30 DPs and 30 matched controls on a novel object memory test (NOMT Ziggerins) and the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT). DPs with severe impairment on the CFMT showed no differences in accuracy or reaction times compared with controls on the NOMT. We found similar results when comparing DPs with a larger sample of 274 web-based controls. Additional individual analyses demonstrated that the rate of object recognition impairment in DPs did not differ from the rate of impairment in either control group. Together, these results demonstrate unimpaired object recognition in DPs for a class of novel objects that serves as a powerful index for broader novel object recognition capacity.
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Weible, Aldis P., David C. Rowland, Raina Pang, and Clifford Kentros. "Neural Correlates of Novel Object and Novel Location Recognition Behavior in the Mouse Anterior Cingulate Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 4 (October 2009): 2055–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00214.2009.

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The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a component of the limbic system implicated in a wide variety of functions spanning motor and sensory information processing, memory, attention, novelty detection, and comparisons of expectation versus outcome. It remains unclear how much of this functional diversity stems from differences in methodology or interpretation versus truly reflecting the range of processes in which the ACC is involved. In the present study, ACC neuronal activity was examined in freely behaving mice (C57BL6/J) under conditions allowing investigation of many of the cited functions in conditions free from externally applied rules: tests of novel object and novel location recognition memory. Behavioral activity and neuronal activity were recorded first in the open field, during the initial exposure and subsequent familiarization to two identical objects, and finally during the recognition memory tests. No discernible stable firing correlates of ACC neurons were found in the open field, but the addition of objects led to lasting changes in the firing patterns of many ACC neurons around one or both of the object locations. During the novel location test, some neurons followed the familiar object to its new location, others fired exclusively where the object had been, and yet others fired to both current and former object locations. Many of these same features were observed during tests of object recognition memory. However, the magnitude of the neuronal preference for the novel or the familiar object was markedly greater than that observed during either the tests of location recognition or novel object preferences in animals that did not exhibit the expected behavior. The present study reveals, for the first time, single-neuron correlates of object and location recognition behaviors in the rodent ACC and suggests that neurons of the ACC provide a distributed representation of all of the salient features of a task.
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TIKHOMIROV, G. V., and V. N. GRIGORYEVA. "Visual object agnosia and novel landmarks agnosia in patients with acute supratentorial stroke." Practical medicine 18, no. 5 (2020): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2020-5-163-168.

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The purpose — to estimate the frequency of visual general objects agnosia and novel landmarks agnosia in patients with acute ischemic stroke and to describe the clinical manifestations of these phenomena and association between them. Materil and methods. 75 patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled. Computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance scan to confirm the ischemic lesion, neurological, ophthalmological and neuropsychological examination were performed in all patients. Visual perception skills (gnosis) were measured by Birmingham Object Recognition Battery tests and authors’ Novel landmarks recognition test. Results. 8 out of 75 patients (10,7%) had visual agnosia documented by the neuropsychological testing, of these 3 patients had question-induced complaints («clinically evident» agnosia, group 1) and 5 patients had no complaints («clinically blurred» agnosia, group 2). 67 patients (89,3%) were not agnostic (group 3). The patients of the 1st and 2nd groups performed perception (gnosis) test significantly worse compared with those of the 3rd group while group 1 demonstrated significantly worse test results than group 2. A significant positive correlation was found between the results of Birmingham Object Recognition Battery tests and the Novel landmarks recognition test. Conclusion. General objects and landmarks recognition is impaired in 10,7% patients with acute ischemic hemispheric stroke. As a rule, general object agnosia is associated with landmark agnosia. Visual general objects and landmarks agnosia may be «clinically evident» verified by the patients’ question-induced complaints as well as by the results of neuropsychological testing, or «clinically blurred», verified only by testing. The test results were statistically significantly worse in «clinically evident» than in «clinically blurred» visual agnosia.
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Shimoda, Shota, Takaaki Ozawa, Yukio Ichitani, and Kazuo Yamada. "Long-term associative memory in rats: Effects of familiarization period in object-place-context recognition test." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): e0254570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254570.

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Spontaneous recognition tests, which utilize rodents’ innate tendency to explore novelty, can evaluate not only simple non-associative recognition memory but also more complex associative memory in animals. In the present study, we investigated whether the length of the object familiarization period (sample phase) improved subsequent novelty discrimination in the spontaneous object, place, and object-place-context (OPC) recognition tests in rats. In the OPC recognition test, rats showed a significant novelty preference only when the familiarization period was 30 min but not when it was 5 min or 15 min. In addition, repeated 30-min familiarization periods extended the significant novelty preference to 72 hours. However, the rats exhibited a successful discrimination between the stayed and replaced objects under 15 min and 30 min familiarization period conditions in the place recognition test and between the novel and familiar objects under all conditions of 5, 15 and 30 min in the object recognition test. Our results suggest that the extension of the familiarization period improves performance in the spontaneous recognition paradigms, and a longer familiarization period is necessary for long-term associative recognition memory than for non-associative memory.
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Smith, Cybelle M., and Kara D. Federmeier. "Neural Signatures of Learning Novel Object–Scene Associations." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 5 (May 2020): 783–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01530.

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Objects are perceived within rich visual contexts, and statistical associations may be exploited to facilitate their rapid recognition. Recent work using natural scene–object associations suggests that scenes can prime the visual form of associated objects, but it remains unknown whether this relies on an extended learning process. We asked participants to learn categorically structured associations between novel objects and scenes in a paired associate memory task while ERPs were recorded. In the test phase, scenes were first presented (2500 msec), followed by objects that matched or mismatched the scene; degree of contextual mismatch was manipulated along visual and categorical dimensions. Matching objects elicited a reduced N300 response, suggesting visuostructural priming based on recently formed associations. Amplitude of an extended positivity (onset ∼200 msec) was sensitive to visual distance between the presented object and the contextually associated target object, most likely indexing visual template matching. Results suggest recent associative memories may be rapidly recruited to facilitate object recognition in a top–down fashion, with clinical implications for populations with impairments in hippocampal-dependent memory and executive function.
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HANIM, NISFA, SALMAH WIDYASTUTI, ACHMAD ALFIYAN, MUHAMMAD AZHARI AKBAR, and BERRY JULIANDI. "Kompleksitas Obyek dan Running-Wheel Mempengaruhi Novel Object Recognition Test pada Mencit (Mus musculus)." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 4, no. 1 (October 15, 2018): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.4.1.7-11.

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This research aimed to confirm the tendency of mice to novel object, effect of exercise (in running-wheel) toward memory of mice and to test tendency of mice in avoiding predator signal in novel object. Novel object recognition test (NORT) used to test the memory the day after acquisition phase (NORT I) and memory one week after exercise was given (running-wheel) (NORT II). The result showed that there was no tendency of mice in exploring toward novel object in both NORT I and NORT II. This might happen because the complexity of familiar object higher than novel object, so the familiar object could accommodate more activities. Exercise using running-wheel in mice had an effect on memory, it could be seen in decreasing duration of object exploration time from NORT I to NORT II. There was no tendency in avoiding predator’s signal on novel object which was attached by urine addition (odor signal).
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Antunes, M., and G. Biala. "The novel object recognition memory: neurobiology, test procedure, and its modifications." Cognitive Processing 13, no. 2 (December 9, 2011): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10339-011-0430-z.

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Matsumoto, Jumpei, Takashi Uehara, Susumu Urakawa, Yusaku Takamura, Tomiki Sumiyoshi, Michio Suzuki, Taketoshi Ono, and Hisao Nishijo. "3D video analysis of the novel object recognition test in rats." Behavioural Brain Research 272 (October 2014): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.047.

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Hamilton, Trevor J., Martin Tresguerres, and David I. Kline. "Dopamine D1 receptor activation leads to object recognition memory in a coral reef fish." Biology Letters 13, no. 7 (July 2017): 20170183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0183.

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Object recognition memory is the ability to identify previously seen objects and is an adaptive mechanism that increases survival for many species throughout the animal kingdom. Previously believed to be possessed by only the highest order mammals, it is now becoming clear that fish are also capable of this type of memory formation. Similar to the mammalian hippocampus, the dorsolateral pallium regulates distinct memory processes and is modulated by neurotransmitters such as dopamine. Caribbean bicolour damselfish ( Stegastes partitus ) live in complex environments dominated by coral reef structures and thus likely possess many types of complex memory abilities including object recognition. This study used a novel object recognition test in which fish were first presented two identical objects, then after a retention interval of 10 min with no objects, the fish were presented with a novel object and one of the objects they had previously encountered in the first trial. We demonstrate that the dopamine D 1 -receptor agonist (SKF 38393) induces the formation of object recognition memories in these fish. Thus, our results suggest that dopamine-receptor mediated enhancement of spatial memory formation in fish represents an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in vertebrates.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Novel object recognition test"

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Grayson, Ben. "Validation of an animal model of cognitive dysfunction associated with schizophrenia : development and validation of the novel object recognition task using behavioural manipulations and psychotomimetic dosing regimens to induce cognitive deficits of relevance to schizophrenia in hooded-Lister rats." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5481.

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Phencyclidine (PCP) is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist that has been shown to induce schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms that are clinically indistinguishable from schizophrenia in patients. When administered to rodents, PCP produces an array of behaviours that are characteristic of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is associated with continual and treatment resistant cognitive deficits which are now recognised as a core feature of the disease. The aim of the studies reported in chapter 3 were to establish a set of objects with equal preference in the NOR (novel object recognition) test. Furthermore, the inter-trial-interval (ITI) of the NOR test was investigated in an attempt to elucidate the effects of time and location of the rats during the ITI on the cognitive impairments following sub-chronic PCP treatment. The experiments in chapter 4 were designed to compare the performance of male and female rats in the NOR test following treatment with acute d-amphetamine (d-amph), PCP and sub-chronic PCP treatment. In chapter 5, validation of the cognitive deficits induced by sub-chronic PCP treatment was assessed using carefully selected pharmacological agents. The aim of the studies in chapter 6 was to determine the effects of isolation rearing on cognitive performance in the NOR test following increasing ITIs. Additionally, the sensitivity of isolation reared rats compared to social controls following acute administration of PCP and d-amph was assessed using the NOR test. Studies in chapter 8 utilised the 16-holeboard maze to determine the effects of acute treatment with d-amphetamine, PCP and scopolamine on working memory in the rat. NOR is a visual learning and memory test that measures recognition memory which is impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Studies presented in this thesis demonstrate the importance of careful pilot studies when selecting objects for use in the NOR test. Initial studies in sub-chronic PCP (2 mg/kg for 7 days followed by 7 days drug free) treated female hooded-Lister rats revealed a preference of the rats for the wooden cone object; subsequently this object was eliminated from further NOR experiments. Sub-chronic PCP treated rats were found to be highly susceptible to the disruptive influence of distraction during the short 1 min inter-trial-interval (ITI) in the NOR test. These results are consistent with clinical findings of the effects of distraction on cognition in schizophrenia patients. Following the initial validation experiments, a 1 min ITI in the home cage was selected for all subsequent NOR studies. Further experiments provided evidence to confirm that information presented in the acquisition trial is encoded but not retained in the retention trial of the NOR test by IV PCP-treated rats. Male rats were less sensitive to the recognition memory deficits induced by acute treatment with PCP and d-amphetamine compared with females. Following sub-chronic PCP treatment, both males and females showed object recognition deficits, however, the impairments were more robust in female rats. Female rats were therefore selected for all subsequent experiments. Pharmacological validation was carried out using carefully selected agents which were assessed for their ability to restore the sub-chronic PCP induced cognitive deficit in the object recognition test. It was found that the classical antipsychotic agents haloperidol and fluphenazine, the benzodiazepine anxiolytic chlordiazepoxide and the SSRI antidepressant fluoxetine were ineffective. Further studies showed that the atypical antipsychotic agents, clozapine and risperidone, the analeptic agent modafinil, the nAChR full agonist nicotine, and full agonist and positive allosteric modulator of the α7 nAChR (PNU-282987 and PNU120596 respectively) reversed the recognition memory deficit induced by sub-chronic PCP treatment in the NOR test. Isolation rearing of rats at weaning is an environmental stressor that has relevance for modelling the symptomatology and pathology of schizophrenia. Isolates had a significantly increased locomotor activity (LMA) response to a novel environment and enhanced sensitivity to time delay-induced recognition memory deficits, compared with their socially reared counterparts. Isolates were less sensitive to an acute PCP-induced recognition memory deficit but more sensitive to an acute d-amphetamine induced recognition memory deficit in the NOR test compared to social controls. Preliminary results from the 16-holeboard maze experiments reveal that acute administration of the mAChR antagonist scopolamine, d-amphetamine, PCP and sub-chronic PCP treatment reduced working memory scores compared to vehicle treated controls. Taken together, these findings suggest that sub-chronic treatment with PCP induces cognitive deficits in behavioural tests of relevance to cognition associated with schizophrenia. This may allow the detection of novel pharmacotherapies to alleviate these cognitive deficits and exploration of the nature of cognitive disturbances in these patients.
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Giannarou, Stamatia. "Novel techniques for object recognition." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486609.

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This thesis is concerned with the design of a real time object recognition system. The ultimate goal is to create a cognitive vision system which is robust across environmental changes (causing partial occlusions and cluttered backgrounds). invariant to image transformations (translation, rotation and scaling) and insensitive to intra-category appearance variations (permit recognition of perceptually similar objects that are not mathematically identical). . Initially. a new framework which allows for the guantitative combination of a pre-selected set of edge detectors based on the correspondence between their outcomes is proposed as an essential preprocessing stage of an object detector that operates on edge maps. This is inspired from the problem that despite the enormous amount of literature on edge detection techniques, there is no single one that performs well in every possible image context. Two approaches are proposed for this purpose; the so called Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis and Kappa Statistics. For efficient object detection, a novel technigue for the automatic identification of real world objects in complex scenes using Shape Context analysis and multi-stage clustering is introduced. The identification problem requires the comparison of assemblies of image regions with a previously stored view of a known prototype. Shape context representation and matching are employed for recovering point correspondences between the image and the prototype. A multistage type of clustering of suspicious image locations is applied in a novel fashion to enable the identification of regions of interest on the complex scene. based on a set of density and figural continuity metrics. Finally. a novel shape signature matching approach for the automatic identification of real world objects in complex scenes is also proposed. The identification process is applied on isolated objects and requires the segmentation of the image into separate objects. followed by the extraction of representative shape features and the similarity estimation of pairs of objects. In order to enable an efficient object representation, a novel boundary-based shape descriptor is introduced, formed by a set of one dimensional signals called shape signatures. Two different approaches are proposed for the shape signature comparison. In the first approach, the cross-correlation metric is used in a novel fashion to gauge the degree of similarity between objects. In the second approach, the correspondence between the signatures' extreme points is established and is used as a basis for the similarity evaluation
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Oliveira, Gabriel Leivas. "Sparse Spatial Coding: a novel approach for efficient and accurate object recognition." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ESBF-8SVMLB.

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Successful state-of-the-art object recognition techniques from images have been based on powerful techniques, such as sparse representation, in order to replace the also popular vector quantization approach. Recently, sparse coding, which is characterized by representing a signal in a sparse space, has raised the bar on sev-eral object recognition benchmarks. However, one serious drawback of sparse space based methods is that similar local features can be quantized into different visual words. We present in this thesis a new object recognition approach, called Sparse Spa-tial Coding (SSC), which combines a sparse coding dictionary learning and a spatial constraint coding stage. Thus, we minimize the problems of pure sparse represen-tations. Experimental evaluation was done at Caltech 101, Caltech 256, Corel 5000 and Corel 10000, that are datasets specifically designed to object recognition evalu-ation. The obtained results show that, to the best of our knowledge, our approach achieves accuracy beyond the best single feature method previously published on the databases. The method also outperformed, for the same bases, several methods that use multiple feature, and provide equivalent to or slightly lower results than other techniques. Finally, we verify our method generalization, applying the SSC to recognize scene in the Indoor 67 scene dataset, VPC and COLD, displaying perfor-mance comparable to state-of-the-art approaches in the first two bases and superior in COLD dataset.
Até recentemente o reconhecimento de objetos, um problema clássicodaVisãoCom-putacional, vinha sendo abordado por técnicas baseadas em quantização vetorial. Entretanto, atualmente, abordagens que utilizam representação esparsa tem ap-resentado resultados significativamente superiores às técnicas usuais. Entretanto, uma desvantagem de métodos baseados em representação esparsa é o fato de car-acterísticas similares poderem ser quantizadas por conjuntos diferentes de palavras visuais. Esta dissertação apresenta um novo método de reconhecimento de objetos de-nominado SSC Sparse Spatial Coding o qual é caracterizado pelo aprendizado do dicionário utilizando representação esparsa e codificação baseada em restrição es-pacial. Dessa forma, minimiza-se significativamente o problema típico encontrado em representações estritamente esparsas. A avaliação do SSC foi realizada por meio de experimentos aplicando-o às bases Caltech 101, Caltech 256, Corel 5000 e Corel 10000, criadas especificamente para avaliação de técnicas de reconhecimento de objetos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram desempenho superior aos reportados na literatura até o momento para os métodos que utilizam um único descritor. O método também superou, para as mesmas bases, vários outros métodos que utilizam múltiplas características, e apre-sentou desempenho equivalente ou apenas ligeiramente inferior a outras técnicas. Finalmente, para verificarmos a generalização, o SSC foi utilizado para o reconheci-mento de cenas nas bases Indoor 67, VPC e COLD tendo apresentado desempenho comparável ao de abordagens do estado da arte para as duas primeiras bases e su-perior na base COLD.
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Fotiadis, Dimitrios. "Novel shape representation strucutres for object recognition, retrieval, and plant taxonomic identification purposes." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502625.

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Malik, Qurrat-ul-Ain. "Novel methods of object recognition and fault detection applied to non-destructive testing of rail's surface during production." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2013. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/314012/.

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A series of rail image inspection algorithms have been developed for Tata Steels Scunthorpe rail production line. The following thesis describes the contributions made by the author in the design and application of these algorithms. A fully automated rail inspection system that has never been implemented before in any such company or setup has been developed. An industrial computer vision system (JLI) already exists for the image acquisition of rails during production at a rail manufacturing plant in Scunthorpe. An automated inspection system using the same JLI vision system has been developed for the detection of rail‟s surface defects during manufacturing process. This is to complement the human factor by developing a fully automated image processing based system to recognize the faults with an improved efficiency and to allow an exhaustive detection on the entire rail in production. A set of bespoke algorithms has been developed from a plethora of available image processing techniques to extract and identify components in an image of rail in order to detect abnormalities. This has been achieved through offline processing of the rail images using the blended use of different object recognition and image processing techniques, in particular, variation of standard image processing techniques. Several edge detection methods as well as adapted well known Artificial Neural Network and Principal Component Analysis techniques for fault detection on rail have been developed. A combination of customised existing image algorithms and newly developed algorithms have been put together to perform the efficient defect detection. The developed system is fast, reliable and efficient for detection of unique artefacts occurring on the rail surface during production followed by fault classification on the rail imaging system. Extensive testing shows that the defect detection techniques developed for automated rail inspection is capable of detecting more than 90% of the defects present in the available data set of rail images, which has more than 100,000 images under investigation. This demonstrates the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithms developed in this work.
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Adlington, R. L. "The influence of surface detail on object identification in Alzheimer's patients and healthy participants." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4004.

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Image format (Laws, Adlington, Gale, Moreno-Martínez, & Sartori, 2007), ceiling effects in controls (Fung et al., 2001; Laws et al., 2005; Moreno-Martínez, & Laws, 2007; 2008), and nuisance variables (Funnell & De Mornay Davis, 1996; Funnell & Sheridan, 1992; Stewart, Parkin & Hunkin, 1992) all influence the emergence of category specific deficits in Alzheimer‟s dementia (AD). Thus, the predominant use of line drawings of familiar, everyday items in category specific research is problematic. Moreover, this does not allow researchers to explore the extent to which format may influence object recognition. As such, the initial concern of this thesis was the development of a new corpus of 147 colour images of graded naming difficulty, the Hatfield Image Test (HIT; Adlington, Laws, & Gale, 2009), and the collection of relevant normative data including ratings of: age of acquisition, colour diagnosticity, familiarity, name agreement, visual complexity, and word frequency. Furthermore, greyscale and line-drawn versions of the HIT corpus were developed (and again, the associated normative data obtained), to permit research into the influence of image format on the emergence of category specific effects in patients with AD, and in healthy controls. Using the HIT, several studies were conducted including: (i) a normative investigation of the effects of category and image format on naming accuracy and latencies in healthy controls; (ii) an exploration of the effects of image format (using the HIT images presented in colour, greyscale, and line-drawn formats) and category on the naming performance of AD patients, and age-matched controls performing below ceiling; (iii) a longitudinal investigation comparing AD patient performance to that of age-matched controls, on a range of semantic tasks (naming, sorting, word-picture matching), using colour, greyscale, and line-drawn versions of the HIT; (iv) a comparison of naming in AD patients and age-matched controls on the HIT and the (colour, greyscale and line-drawn) images from the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) corpus; and (v) a meta-analysis to explore category specific naming in AD using the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) versus other corpora. Taken together, the results of these investigations showed first, that image format interacts with category. For both AD patients and controls, colour is more important for the recognition of living things, with a significant nonliving advantage emerging for the line-drawn images, but not the colour images. Controls benefitted more from additional surface information than AD patients, which chapter 6 shows results from low-level visual cortical impairment in AD. For controls, format was also more important for the recognition of low familiarity, low frequency items. In addition, the findings show that adequate control data affects the emergence of category specific deficits in AD. Specifically, based on within-group comparison chapters 6, 7, and 8 revealed a significant living deficit in AD patients. However, when compared to controls performing below ceiling, as demonstrated in chapters 7 and 8, this deficit was only significant for the line drawings, showing that the performance observed in AD patients is simply an exaggeration of the norm.
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Bullard, Laura Ashley. "An Animal Model of Flashbulb Memory: Insights into the Time-Dependent Mechanisms of Memory Enhancement." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5917.

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The vivid memory of an emotional event, as well as memory for incidental details associated with the arousing event, has been referred to collectively as a “flashbulb memory”. An important aspect of flashbulb memory in people is that an emotional event enhances memory of contextual details, such as the weather, or clothes one was wearing at the time of the event. Therefore, an emotional event not only produces a detailed memory of the event, itself, but also enhances memory for contextual details that would otherwise not be remembered. The first goal of this work is to describe the development of my animal model of flashbulb memory, including a discussion of the importance of the timing between an emotional event and incidental, contextual cues. The second goal is to address the time-dependent neuroendocrine processes involved in stress-induced memory enhancement in rats. The involvement of brain structures, namely the hippocampus and amygdala, and hormones, including corticosterone and epinephrine, that interact to produce a composite memory of the contextual cues occurring in close temporal proximity to an emotional event are discussed. The results of Experiment 1 validate the animal model of flashbulb memory whereby an emotional event (predator exposure) produced memory for context cues that, under control conditions, would be forgotten. This memory enhancement only occurred when the emotional event was close in temporal proximity to training in the task. Experiment 2 provided evidence that epinephrine administration close in time to training mimicked the context memory formation induced by brief predator exposure, while propranolol, a β-adrenergic antagonist, as well as CPP, an NMDA receptor antagonist, blocked this effect. The results of Experiment 3 revealed that propranolol, CPP, and dexamethasone also blocked the brief predator stress-induced context memory formation. The results of Experiment 4 revealed that cannulated animals infused with aCSF (control) did not show evidence of predator stress-induced memory, therefore methodological issues within this experiment are addressed. Finally, the results of Experiment 5 revealed that adrenalectomy eliminated the predator stress-induced context memory compared to sham operated animals, suggesting that endogenous stress hormones are required for stress-induced context memory formation. Further, adrenalectomized rats supplemented with epinephrine before training did show evidence of context memory enhancement suggesting that epinephrine eliminated the memory impairment produced by adrenalectomy, and was sufficient to enhance memory in the absence of corticosterone. Overall this approach has provided insight into the time-dependent neuroendocrine processes involved in the formation of flashbulb, and potentially traumatic, memories in people.
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Halonen, Joshua D. "Influence of temporary inactivation of the prefrontal cortex of hippocampus during stress on the subsequent expression of anxiety and memory." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002880.

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Maurmann, Natasha. "Avaliação pré-clínica de atividades biológicas de moléculas de Mangifera indica e de Valeriana glechomifolia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28432.

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Neste estudo avaliamos atividades biológicas pré-clínicas de moléculas obtidas de Mangifera indica e de Valeriana glechomifolia. Mangiferina, isolada de M. indica, estimulou a proliferação celular e induziu um aumento significativo na secreção do fator de crescimento do nervo e do fator de necrose tumoral em células de glioblastoma humano U138-MG in vitro. Uma injeção sistêmica de mangiferina melhorou a consolidação da memória de longa duração (LTM) de reconhecimento de objetos (RO) e prejudicou a retenção da memória aversiva no teste da esquiva inibitória (EI) em ratos. A melhora da LTM no RO promovida pela administração sistêmica de mangiferina também foi observada com a administração intrahipocampal. Já o prejuízo da memória no teste da EI observado sistemicamente não ocorreu com a infusão no hipocampo ou amígdala. Camundongos atáxicos também apresentaram melhora na memória de RO após administração crônica de mangiferina, sem efeito na EI; um extrato comercializado de M. indica não afetou a memória no RO, mas facilitou a memória na EI. Os resultados indicam que mangiferina melhora a LTM no RO com envolvimento do hipocampo por meio de um mecanismo que pode envolver um aumento dos níveis da neurotrofina NGF e da citocina TNF-α. Valepotriatos, isolados de V. glechomifolia, demonstraram inibição da viabilidade de células tumorais U138-MG nas doses de 30 e 100μg/μl; o 8-Br- AMPc, um análogo do AMPc, atenuou à inibição dos valepotriatos na viabilidade celular, sugerindo que os valepotriatos interagem com a rota de sinalização celular do AMPc/PKA na inibição da viabilidade de células cancerosas. A administração sistêmica de valepotriatos, em camundongos 30 minutos antes dos testes, apresentou os seguintes resultados: durante a exploração no campo aberto, a dose 10mg/kg causou redução na locomoção e no comportamento exploratório e diminuição da ansiedade no teste do labirinto em cruz elevado. Não ocorreu diferença entre os tratamentos na memória de EI e na memória RO, exceto no grupo que recebeu 3mg/kg de valepotriatos que apresentou piora na LTM de RO. Os resultados indicam que os valepotriatos causaram atividades ansiolítica e sedativa sem déficits na memória de EI e RO em camundongos tratados com 10mg/kg. As atividades biológicas in vitro e in vivo encontradas nas moléculas estudadas (especialmente mangiferina e valepotriatos) geram interesse de investigações para utilizações terapêuticas na memória e no câncer.
We evaluated the biological activities of molecules obtained from Mangifera indica and Valeriana glechomifolia. Mangiferin, isolated from M. indica, stimulated cell proliferation and induced a significant increase in levels of nerve growth factor and tumor necrosis factor secreted in human glioblastoma cells U138-MG in vitro. A systemic injection of mangiferin improved long term memory (LTM) consolidation of object recognition (NOR) and impaired memory retention in aversive inhibitory avoidance test (IA) in rats. The improvement in NOR memory promoted by systemic administration of mangiferin was also observed with intrahippocampal administration. The memory impairment observed systemically in the IA did not occur with the infusion into the hippocampus or amygdala. Ataxic mice also showed improvement in NOR memory after chronic administration of mangiferin, with no effect on IA; a standardized extract of M. indica had not effect on memory in NOR, but facilitated the memory in IA. The results indicate that mangiferin improvement NOR memory involving the hippocampus through a mechanism that may involve increased levels of neurotrophins and cytokines. Valepotriates isolated from V. glechomifolia showed inhibition of the viability of U138-MG tumor cells at doses of 30 and 100μg/μl; 8-BrcAMP, an analogue of cAMP, reversed the inhibition of valepotriates on cell viability, suggesting that valepotriates interact with the cAMP/PKA signaling route in the inhibition of the viability of cancer cells. Systemic administration of valepotriates in mice, 30 minutes before tests, showed the following results: during the open-field, the dose of 10mg/kg caused a reduction in locomotion and exploratory behavior and decreased anxiety in the test of elevated plus maze. There was no difference between treatments in IA or NOR memories, except from the group receiving valepotriates at 3mg/kg, which worsened in the NOR. The results indicated that valepotriates at 10mg/kg caused anxiolytic and sedative activities without inducing memory deficits in IA and NOR. The biological activities in vitro and in vivo found with the studied molecules (notable mangiferin and valepotriates) support further research for potential therapeutic uses in cancer and in memory.
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Sundman, Ann-Sofie. "Personality in piglets : Is there a difference in personality traits between pigs from different teat order positions?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69596.

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The objective of this study was to determine whether piglets from different positions in the teat order differ inpersonality. Teat order is established within the first days after birth and from that time, piglets basically suckle fromthe same teat pair until weaning. Three piglets from each of 21 litters (n = 63) were chosen for their place in teatorder; one from anterior teats (A), one from middle teats (B), and one from rear teats (C). The piglets were observedduring suckling, undisturbed behaviour, a novel object test and a straw test. A total of 13 behaviours were registered.A significant difference (P < 0.05) between A, B and C piglets was found in the frequency of disputes duringsuckling, where B piglets were most involved in disputes and C piglets least involved, and a tendency (P < 0.1) wasfound in frequency of undisturbed playing and exploration. A piglets played and explored most, and C piglets least.Four interesting components were found with principal component analysis, explaining 62.4 % of the total variation.These represent personality traits tentatively named exploration, playfulness, food interest and straw interest. Therewere no significant differences in personality type between A, B and C piglets although a tendency that A pigletswere most playful and C piglets were least playful was found. Hence, this study suggests that there might be acorrelation between teat order position and personality.
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Books on the topic "Novel object recognition test"

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and, Bruno. Object Perception and Recognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725022.003.0004.

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Perceived objects are unitary entities that enter our consciousness as organized wholes distinct from other entities and from empty parts of the environment, that are amenable to bodily interactions, and that possess several features such as a three-dimensional structure, a location in space, a colour, a texture, a weight, a degree of rigidity, an odour, and so on. In this chapter, we will discuss perceptual processes responsible for forming such units within and between sensory channels, typically for the purpose of recognition. Our discussion of multisensory interactions in object perception will provide a useful domain for illustrating the key notion of optimal multisensory integration and for introducing Bayesian models of perception. These models provide important novel ways of addressing classical problems in the philosophy of perception, in influential historical approaches such as the Gestalt theory of perception, and in applications to rehabilitation based on sensory substitution.
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Thomassen, Lasse. Hospitality beyond Good and Bad. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422659.003.0006.

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This chapter on the concept and practice of hospitality goes back to the time around the millennium and the first years of the New Labour government. It takes a novel – Nick Hornby’s How to Be Good – as its object of analysis. The chapter is about identity, inclusion and exclusion, but it is more about ‘us’ (White, liberal middle-class, etc.) than about those marked as exotic others, those whom multiculturalism is usually taken to be about. Through an analysis of the novel’s treatment of hospitality and charity, the chapter shows how a certain liberal subjectivity is central to the scene of British multiculturalism. As with equality, recognition and tolerance, hospitality is always caught in a tension between unconditionality and conditionality, between openness and closure. The chapter uses Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction and his work on hospitality and the gift as its theoretical basis.
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Hill, Jonathan. 6. Domicile, nationality, and habitual residence. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198732297.003.0006.

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The object of jurisdictional rules is to determine an appropriate forum and choice of law rules are designed to lead to the application of the most appropriate law, the law that generally the parties might reasonably expect to apply. The test for recognition of foreign judgments is not dissimilar. A judgment granted by an appropriate forum should normally be recognised. The problem is one of ascertaining the connecting factor (or factors) which would best satisfy the criterion of appropriateness. With regards to personal connecting factors, there is little international agreement as to the appropriate test of ‘belonging’. In England and most common law countries, the traditional personal connecting factor is domicile, which loosely translates as a person's permanent home. One of the problems here is that domicile is a connecting factor which is interpreted differently in various parts of the world. In contrast, most of continental Europe and other civil law countries have traditionally used nationality as the basic connecting factor, especially for choice of law purposes; the personal law is the law of the country of which the person is a citizen. In some countries, including England, another connecting factor, habitual residence, has emerged. This is increasingly being used for the purposes of jurisdiction rules and in the law relating to recognition of foreign judgments. This chapter examines each of these personal connecting factors. Primary emphasis is laid on domicile and habitual residence as the two main connecting factors employed by English law.
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Healey, Richard. Meaning. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714057.003.0012.

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Novel quantum concepts acquire content not by representing new beables but through material-inferential relations between claims about them and other claims. Acceptance of quantum theory modifies other concepts in accordance with a pragmatist inferentialist account of how claims acquire content. Quantum theory itself introduces no new beables, but accepting it affects the content of claims about classical magnitudes and other beables unknown to classical physics: the content of a magnitude claim about a physical object is a function of its physical context in a way that eludes standard pragmatics but may be modeled by decoherence. Leggett’s proposed test of macro-realism illustrates this mutation of conceptual content. Quantum fields are not beables but assumables of a quantum theory we use to make claims about particles and non-quantum fields whose denotational content may also be certified by models of decoherence.
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Book chapters on the topic "Novel object recognition test"

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Andrews, Anne M., Greg A. Gerhardt, Lynette C. Daws, Mohammed Shoaib, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Luis De Lecea, et al. "Novel Object Recognition." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 906. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_549.

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d’Isa, Raffaele, Riccardo Brambilla, and Stefania Fasano. "Behavioral Methods for the Study of the Ras–ERK Pathway in Memory Formation and Consolidation: Passive Avoidance and Novel Object Recognition Tests." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 131–56. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-791-4_9.

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Burghouts, Gertjan J. "Task-Specific Novel Object Characterization." In Pattern Recognition. ICPR International Workshops and Challenges, 447–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68799-1_33.

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Ly, Nam Tuan, Lili Liu, Ching Y. Suen, and Masaki Nakagawa. "Hand-Drawn Object Detection for Scoring Wartegg Zeichen Test." In Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 109–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59830-3_9.

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Zweig, Alon, Dagan Eshar, and Daphna Weinshall. "Identification of Novel Classes in Object Class Recognition." In Detection and Identification of Rare Audiovisual Cues, 47–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24034-8_3.

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Manzo, Mario, Simone Pellino, Alfredo Petrosino, and Alessandro Rozza. "A Novel Graph Embedding Framework for Object Recognition." In Computer Vision - ECCV 2014 Workshops, 341–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16220-1_24.

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Elfiky, Noha. "A Novel Spatial Layout Representation for Object Recognition." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 553–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44289-7_52.

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Giannarou, Stamatia, and Tania Stathaki. "A Novel Framework for Object Recognition under Severe Occlusion." In Advances in Intelligent Signal Processing and Data Mining, 235–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28696-4_9.

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Rasheed, Yawar, Muhammad Abbas, Muhammad Waseem Anwar, Wasi Haider Butt, and Urooj Fatima. "A Novel Model Driven Framework for Image Enhancement and Object Recognition." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 14–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59506-7_2.

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Kang, Yimei, and Xiang Li. "A Novel Tiny Object Recognition Algorithm Based on Unit Statistical Curvature Feature." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2016, 762–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46454-1_46.

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Conference papers on the topic "Novel object recognition test"

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Sajja, Sujith, Shane A. Perrine, Farhad Ghoddoussi, Matthew P. Galloway, and Pamela J. VandeVord. "Increased Levels of Myo-Inositol are Associated With Impaired Working Memory and Active Avoidance in Blast Neurotrauma Animals." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80466.

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Impaired working memory and anxiety are major clinical symptoms commonly associated with subjects exposed to blast overpressure [1–4]. Despite this association, there remains a vital need for biomarkers to help effectively diagnosis blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT). Clinically, elevated myo-inositol has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders including dementia and elevated levels may reflect activation of microglia. In the present study, we evaluated the cognitive and behavioral changes in blast exposed animals using the novel object recognition (working memory paradigm) and light/dark (anxiety test) assessments. In addition, we used high resolution magic angle spinning H-MRS to assess neurochemical changes in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, brain regions associated with working memory and anxiety respectively. Results suggest that exposure to blast has a significant effect on the levels of myo-inositol which appear to be linked with impaired working memory.
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Li, Kai, Martin Renqiang Min, Bing Bai, Yun Fu, and Hans Peter Graf. "On Novel Object Recognition." In CIKM '19: The 28th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3357384.3358110.

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Rivera-Rubio, Jose, Saad Idrees, Ioannis Alexiou, Lucas Hadjilucas, and Anil A. Bharath. "Small Hand-held Object Recognition Test (SHORT)." In 2014 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2014.6836057.

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Xiao, Yi-Jun, Bang-Pin Wang, Xiao-Chun Lu, and Xin-Rong Jiang. "Novel motion object extraction algorithm." In International Symposium on Multispectral Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, edited by Tianxu Zhang, Carl A. Nardell, Duane D. Smith, and Hangqing Lu. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.751046.

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Lillholm, Martin, and Lewis Griffin. "Novel image feature alphabets for object recognition." In 2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761173.

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Luo, Yang, Yongqiang Gao, Li Liu, and Xinyang Huang. "A novel object recognition system for cognitive robot." In 2012 International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2012.6246763.

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Howells, Gareth, Michael C. Fairhurst, and David Bisset. "Novel RAM-based neural networks for object recognition." In Photonics East '96, edited by Susan Snell Solomon, Bruce G. Batchelor, and Frederick M. Waltz. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.257276.

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Soora, Narasimha Reddy, Snehith Reddy Puli, and Venkatramulu Sunkari. "Object Recognition using Novel Geometrical Feature Extraction Techniques." In 2021 International Conference on Innovative Computing, Intelligent Communication and Smart Electrical Systems (ICSES). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icses52305.2021.9633971.

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Lu, Qichao, Guang Yang, and Feng Gao. "Novel Contour Vectorization Using Holistic Feature of Object." In 2010 Chinese Conference on Pattern Recognition (CCPR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccpr.2010.5659170.

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Liang, Dawei, Qingming Huang, Hongxun Yao, Shuqiang Jiang, Rongrong Ji, and Wen Gao. "Novel observation model for probabilistic object tracking." In 2010 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2010.5539808.

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Reports on the topic "Novel object recognition test"

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Azarpajouh, Samaneh, Jessica Colpoys, Emily Arkfeld, Nicholas K. Gabler, Anna K. Johnson, Jack C. M. Dekkers, Elisabeth J. Huff-Lonergan, Steven M. Lonergan, John F. Patience, and Kenneth J. Stalder. Behavioral Associations during a Novel Object Test and Performance of Barrows Divergently Selected for ResidualFeed Intake. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-398.

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Yan, Yujie, and Jerome F. Hajjar. Automated Damage Assessment and Structural Modeling of Bridges with Visual Sensing Technology. Northeastern University, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20410114.

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Recent advances in visual sensing technology have gained much attention in the field of bridge inspection and management. Coupled with advanced robotic systems, state-of-the-art visual sensors can be used to obtain accurate documentation of bridges without the need for any special equipment or traffic closure. The captured visual sensor data can be post-processed to gather meaningful information for the bridge structures and hence to support bridge inspection and management. However, state-of-the-practice data postprocessing approaches require substantial manual operations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop methods and algorithms to automate the post-processing of the visual sensor data towards the extraction of three main categories of information: 1) object information such as object identity, shapes, and spatial relationships - a novel heuristic-based method is proposed to automate the detection and recognition of main structural elements of steel girder bridges in both terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based laser scanning data. Domain knowledge on the geometric and topological constraints of the structural elements is modeled and utilized as heuristics to guide the search as well as to reject erroneous detection results. 2) structural damage information, such as damage locations and quantities - to support the assessment of damage associated with small deformations, an advanced crack assessment method is proposed to enable automated detection and quantification of concrete cracks in critical structural elements based on UAV-based visual sensor data. In terms of damage associated with large deformations, based on the surface normal-based method proposed in Guldur et al. (2014), a new algorithm is developed to enhance the robustness of damage assessment for structural elements with curved surfaces. 3) three-dimensional volumetric models - the object information extracted from the laser scanning data is exploited to create a complete geometric representation for each structural element. In addition, mesh generation algorithms are developed to automatically convert the geometric representations into conformal all-hexahedron finite element meshes, which can be finally assembled to create a finite element model of the entire bridge. To validate the effectiveness of the developed methods and algorithms, several field data collections have been conducted to collect both the visual sensor data and the physical measurements from experimental specimens and in-service bridges. The data were collected using both terrestrial laser scanners combined with images, and laser scanners and cameras mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles.
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Elmann, Anat, Orly Lazarov, Joel Kashman, and Rivka Ofir. therapeutic potential of a desert plant and its active compounds for Alzheimer's Disease. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7597913.bard.

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We chose to focus our investigations on the effect of the active forms, TTF and AcA, rather than the whole (crude) extract. 1. To establish cultivation program designed to develop lead cultivar/s (which will be selected from the different Af accessions) with the highest yield of the active compounds TTF and/or achillolide A (AcA). These cultivar/s will be the source for the purification of large amounts of the active compounds when needed in the future for functional foods/drug development. This task was completed. 2. To determine the effect of the Af extract, TTF and AcA on neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress in cultured neurons expressing FAD-linked mutants.Compounds were tested in N2a neuroblastoma cell line. In addition, we have tested the effects of TTF and AcA on signaling events promoted by H₂O₂ in astrocytes and by β-amyloid in neuronal N2a cells. 3. To determine the effect of the Af extract, TTF and AcA on neuropathology (amyloidosis and tau phosphorylation) in cultured neurons expressing FAD-linked mutants. 4. To determine the effect of A¦ extract, AcA and TTF on FAD-linked neuropathology (amyloidosis, tau phosphorylation and inflammation) in transgenic mice. 5. To examine whether A¦ extract, TTF and AcA can reverse behavioral deficits in APPswe/PS1DE9 mice, and affect learning and memory and cognitive performance in these FAD-linked transgenic mice. Background to the topic.Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and amyloid beta (Ab) toxicity are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's diseases. We have previously purified from Achilleafragrantissimatwo active compounds: a protective flavonoid named 3,5,4’-trihydroxy-6,7,3’-trimethoxyflavone (TTF, Fl-72/2) and an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenelactone named achillolide A (AcA). Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. In this study we could show that TTF and AcA protected cultured astrocytes from H₂O₂ –induced cell death via interference with cell signaling events. TTF inhibited SAPK/JNK, ERK1/2, MEK1 and CREBphosphorylation, while AcA inhibited only ERK1/2 and MEK1 phosphorylation. In addition to its protective activities, TTF had also anti-inflammatory activities, and inhibited the LPS-elicited secretion of the proinflammatorycytokinesInterleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1b from cultured microglial cells. Moreover, TTF and AcA protected neuronal cells from glutamate and Abcytotoxicity by reducing the glutamate and amyloid beta induced levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and via interference with cell signaling events induced by Ab. These compounds also reduced amyloid precursor protein net processing in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease and improvedperformance in the novel object recognition learning and memory task. Conclusion: TTF and AcA are potential candidates to be developed as drugs or food additives to prevent, postpone or ameliorate Alzheimer’s disease. Implications, both scientific and agricultural.The synthesis ofAcA and TTF is very complicated. Thus, the plant itself will be the source for the isolation of these compounds or their precursors for synthesis. Therefore, Achilleafragrantissima could be developed into a new crop with industrial potential for the Arava-Negev area in Israel, and will generate more working places in this region.
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