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Journal articles on the topic 'Novel psychoactive substances (NPSs)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Chung, Heesun, Jaesin Lee, and Eunmi Kim. "Trends of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) and their fatal cases." Forensic Toxicology 34, no. 1 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11419-015-0286-5.

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Kelečević, Igor, Ljubica Gugleta, Ana-Marija Vejnović, and Vesna Mijatović Jovin. "New Synthetic Compounds with Psychoactive Action—Preliminary Results Among Primary and High School Students on the Territory of Novi Sad." Medicines 12, no. 1 (2025): 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines12010006.

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Introduction: Novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) are substances not controlled by the United Nations’ 1961 Narcotic Drugs and 1971 Psychotropic Substances convention, which pose a threat to public health. The use of NPSs is growing among recreational drug users. NPSs mimic the effects of the existing illegal drugs; they are used as substitutes for the traditional drugs of use. NPSs are commonly marketed as safe substances. NPS abuse is especially risky among vulnerable individuals, such as children and adolescents. The Aim: This study aims to analyze the knowledge and attitudes of primary an

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Almeida, Ana Sofia, Paula Guedes de Pinho, Fernando Remião, and Carla Fernandes. "Uncovering the Metabolic Footprint of New Psychoactive Substances by Metabolomics: A Systematic Review." Molecules 30, no. 2 (2025): 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30020290.

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New psychoactive substances (NPSs) emerged in the 2000s as legal alternatives to illicit drugs and quickly became a huge public health threat due to their easy accessibility online, limited information, and misleading labels. Synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones are the most reported groups of NPSs. Despite NPSs being widely studied, due to their structural diversity and the constant emergence of novel compounds with unknown properties, the development of new techniques is required to clarify their mode of action and evaluate their toxicological effects. Metabolomics has been a usef

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Tan, Fang, Jamie P. Smith, Oliver B. Sutcliffe, and Craig E. Banks. "Regal electrochemistry: sensing of the synthetic cathinone class of new psychoactive substances (NPSs)." Analytical Methods 7, no. 16 (2015): 6470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay01820j.

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Regal electrochemistry: discovering new economical electrochemical sensors by utilising a British 2 pence coin; proof-of-concept protocol successfully applied towards the detection of novel psychoactive substances.

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Higgins, Kathryn, Nina O’Neill, Leeanne O’Hara, et al. "Evidence for public health on novel psychoactive substance use: a mixed-methods study." Public Health Research 7, no. 14 (2019): 1–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr07140.

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Background Novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) contribute to the public health impact of substance misuse. This report provides research evidence addressing 11 research questions related to NPSs, covering types, patterns and settings of use; supply sources; and implications for policy and practice. Methods The study used a conceptually linked three-phase mixed-methods design with a shared conceptual framework based on multiple-context risk and protective factors. Phase 1 was a quantitative phase involving secondary data analysis of the longitudinal Belfast Youth Development Study (BYDS), a la

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dos Santos, Christiano, and Aline Thais Bruni. "Evaluation of Density Functional Theory-Generated Data for Infrared Spectroscopy of Novel Psychoactive Substances Using Unsupervised Learning." Psychoactives 3, no. 2 (2024): 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3020017.

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Novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) are compounds plotted to modify the chemical structures of prohibited substances, offering alternatives for consumption and evading legislation. The prompt emergence of these substances presents challenges in health concerns and forensic assessment because of the lack of analytical standards. A viable alternative for establishing these standards involves leveraging in silico methods to acquire spectroscopic data. This study assesses the efficacy of utilizing infrared spectroscopy (IRS) data derived from density functional theory (DFT) for analyzing NPSs. Va

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Greco, Enrico. "AI Methods for New Psychoactive Substance (NPS) Design and Analysis." Analytica 6, no. 2 (2025): 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica6020017.

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Over the past decade, more than a thousand new psychoactive substances (NPSs) have emerged worldwide. This rapid proliferation of “designer drugs” poses significant challenges for drug control, forensic analysis, and public health. Artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly been applied to address these challenges in NPS design and analysis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of AI methodologies—including deep learning, generative models, and quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling—and their applications in the synthesis, prediction, and identification of NPS

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Lovrecic, Barbara, Mercedes Lovrecic, Branko Gabrovec, et al. "Non-Medical Use of Novel Synthetic Opioids: A New Challenge to Public Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2 (2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020177.

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Background: In the last decade there has been a progressive increase in the use of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) that are not yet under international control. In particular, novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) have reappeared on the recreational drug market in the last few years. As a result, the use of NSOs has increased rapidly. This poses an emerging and demanding challenge to public health. Aim: To raise awareness among clinicians and other professionals about NPSs, especially NSOs, to summarize current knowledge about pharmacological properties, forms of NSO on the market, pattern of use,

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Parrott, A. C., O. Corazza, F. Schifano, et al. "Editorial: Second International Conference on Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPSs): Keynote Addresses and Conference Abstracts." Current Drug Abuse Reviews 6, no. 4 (2014): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187447370604140616121012.

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10

Martinotti, G., C. Montemitro, M. Corbo, et al. "Use of Novel Psychoactive Substances and Induced Psychiatric Symptoms: Outcomes From the Eivissa Project." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2164.

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IntroductionPolydrug abuse seems to be especially popular in Ibiza, an important market for new psychoactive substances (NPS). The misuse of psychoactive substances can lead to serious psychiatric symptoms.AimsTo evaluate symptoms induced by NPSs and other club drugs, correlating with the main classes of drugs.MethodsNinety subjects (M/F 59/31) admitted in the Psychiatric Unit of Can Misses Hospital (Ibiza) referring a recent intake of substances were enrolled. The following scales were administered: TLFB (Timeline follow-back); Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS); Symptom checklist-9

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Ricci, Valerio, Giuseppe Maina, and Giovanni Martinotti. "Rethinking Mental Automatism: De Clérambault’s Theory in the Age of Novel Psychoactive Drugs: Psychotropic Effects and Synthetic Psychosis." Healthcare 12, no. 12 (2024): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12121172.

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The widespread use of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs)—defined as new narcotic or psychotropic agents not classified under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 or the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971—poses a significant challenge to contemporary mental health paradigms due to their impact on psychiatric disorders. This study revisits and expands upon the theory of mental automatism as proposed by Gaëtan Gatian de Clérambault, aiming to elucidate the psychopathological mechanisms underlying substance-induced psychoses (SIP) and their distinction from non-induced psyc

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Miller, Bryan Lee, John M. Stogner, J. Mitchell Miller, and M. Isabel Fernandez. "The Arrest and Synthetic Novel Psychoactive Drug Relationship." Journal of Drug Issues 47, no. 1 (2016): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042616678611.

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Novel psychoactive drugs (NPDs), an emerging class of dangerous substances, generally mimic the actions of commonly abused substances such as marijuana, stimulants, hallucinogens, and opiates, but are formulated, marketed, and used either to sidestep legal restrictions or to avoid positive drug screens. Synthetic cannabinoids such as Spice and K2 along with synthetic stimulants often referred to as “bath salts” have recently entered U.S. markets. The current study explores the relationship between being arrested and using NPDs per self-report survey data obtained from 2,349 students at a large

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Pisanu, Augusta, Giacomo Lo Russo, Giuseppe Talani, et al. "Effects of the Phenethylamine 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA and the Synthetic Cathinone 3,4-MDPHP in Adolescent Rats: Focus on Sex Differences." Biomedicines 10, no. 10 (2022): 2336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102336.

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The illicit drug market of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) is expanding, becoming an alarming threat due to increasing intoxication cases and insufficient (if any) knowledge of their effects. Phenethylamine 2-chloro-4,5-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (2-Cl-4,5-MDMA) and synthetic cathinone 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (3,4-MDPHP) are new, emerging NPSs suggested to be particularly dangerous. This study verified whether these two new drugs (i) possess abuse liability, (ii) alter plasma corticosterone levels, and (iii) interfere with dopaminergic transmission; male and femal

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Bersani, Francesco Saverio, Ornella Corazza, Gabriella Albano, et al. "25C-NBOMe: Preliminary Data on Pharmacology, Psychoactive Effects, and Toxicity of a New Potent and Dangerous Hallucinogenic Drug." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/734749.

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Introduction. The use of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) has rapidly increased as well as their online availability. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the nature and the risks associated with 25C-NBOMe, which has recently appeared in the drug market.Methods. A systematic analysis of the scientific literature and a qualitative assessment of online and media resources (e.g., e-newsgroups, chat-rooms, and e-newsletters) in 10 languages were carried out.Results. 25C-NBOMe is sold online as legal LSD or as research chemical with different designations such as “Boom,

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Gameli, Prince Sellase, Johannes Kutzler, Diletta Berardinelli, Jeremy Carlier, Volker Auwärter, and Francesco Paolo Busardò. "Exploring the Metabolism of Flubrotizolam, a Potent Thieno-Triazolo Diazepine, Using Human Hepatocytes and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry." Metabolites 14, no. 9 (2024): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo14090506.

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Background: The abuse of psychoactive substances presents challenges in clinical and forensic toxicology. The emergence of novel and potent drugs that pose significant health risks, in particular towards frequent abusers and users unaware of the ingredients, further complicates the situation. Designer benzodiazepines have become a fast-growing subgroup of these new psychoactive substances (NPSs), and their overdose may potentially turn fatal, especially when combined with other central nervous system depressants. In 2021, flubrotizolam, a potent thieno-triazolo designer benzodiazepine, emerged

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Florou, Dimitra, Thalia Vlachou, Vasilios Sakkas, and Vassiliki Boumba. "Application of Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction (FPSE) Engaged to Tandem LC-MS/MS for Quantification of Brorphine in Oral Fluid." Journal of Xenobiotics 12, no. 4 (2022): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jox12040025.

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Brorphine (1-[1-[1-(4-bromophenyl) ethyl]-piperidin-4-yl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo [d]imidazol-2-one) is one of the most recent novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) on the novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) market, involved in over 100 deaths in 2020. Brorphine is a substituted piperidine-benzimidazolone analogue that retains structural similarities to fentanyl, acting as a full agonist at the μ-opioid receptor. Oral Fluid (OF) is an alternative matrix, frequently analyzed for the detection of NPS. Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is a superior, green-sample -preparation technology recently app

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Ricci, Valerio, Giovanni Martinotti, and Giuseppe Maina. "Substance-Induced Psychosis: Diagnostic Challenges and Phenomenological Insights." Psychiatry International 5, no. 4 (2024): 759–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint5040052.

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Substance-induced psychosis (SIP) is an increasingly prevalent and complex condition that presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. With the rising use of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) and potent traditional compounds like cannabis and cocaine, particularly among adolescents and young adults, understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of SIP has become more critical. This review examines the psychopathological characteristics of SIP, focusing on the differentiation between substance-induced and primary psychotic disorders. Two key concepts are explored: G

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Protti, Michele, Ina Varfaj, Andrea Carotti, et al. "Microsampling and enantioselective liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for chiral bioanalysis of novel psychoactive substances." Talanta 257 (February 9, 2023): 124332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124332.

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Accepted Manuscript version. The Published Journal Article is available on Talanta, Volume 257, Article number 124332 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124332). Supplementary Material available free of charge on the article webpage. © 2023. This Manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/   ABSTRACT In this paper, the development of efficient enantioselective HPLC methods for the analysis of five benzofuran-substituted phenethylamines, two substituted tryptamines, and three substituted cathinone

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Jurowski, Kamil, and Łukasz Niżnik. "Toxicity of the New Psychoactive Substance (NPS) Clephedrone (4-Chloromethcathinone, 4-CMC): Prediction of Toxicity Using In Silico Methods for Clinical and Forensic Purposes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 11 (2024): 5867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115867.

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This study reports the first application of in silico methods to assess the toxicity of 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC), a novel psychoactive substance (NPS). Employing advanced toxicology in silico tools, it was possible to predict crucial aspects of the toxicological profile of 4-CMC, including acute toxicity (LD50), genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and its potential for endocrine disruption. The obtained results indicate significant acute toxicity with species-specific variability, moderate genotoxic potential suggesting the risk of DNA damage, and a notable cardiotoxicity risk associated with h

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Alshamaileh, Majed, Issam Hussain, Mark Baron, Ruth Croxton, Marleen Vetter, and Jose Gonzalez-Rodriguez. "A study of in vitro metabolism and cytotoxicity of mephedrone and methoxetamine in human and pig liver models using GC/MS and LC/MS analyses." Open Chemistry 18, no. 1 (2020): 1507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0184.

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AbstractIn the current study, the metabolism of two novel psychoactive substances (NPSs), mephedrone and methoxetamine (MXE), was studied in vitro in pig liver microsomes to determine potential metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Later, in vitro studies were performed using HepaRG™ cells to determine the human metabolites of these drugs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aim of the study was to detect metabolites from the metabolic mixture in the human cell lines using GC-MS, since this is a more readily available technique within forensic labor

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Alshamaileh, Majed, Issam Hussain, Mark Baron, Ruth Croxton, Marleen Vetter, and Jose Gonzalez-Rodriguez. "A study of in vitro metabolism and cytotoxicity of mephedrone and methoxetamine in human and pig liver models using GC/MS and LC/MS analyses." Open Chemistry 18, no. 1 (2020): 1507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0184.

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AbstractIn the current study, the metabolism of two novel psychoactive substances (NPSs), mephedrone and methoxetamine (MXE), was studied in vitro in pig liver microsomes to determine potential metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Later, in vitro studies were performed using HepaRG™ cells to determine the human metabolites of these drugs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aim of the study was to detect metabolites from the metabolic mixture in the human cell lines using GC-MS, since this is a more readily available technique within forensic labor

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Scotton, William J., Lisa J. Hill, Adrian C. Williams, and Nicholas M. Barnes. "Serotonin Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Management, and Potential Future Directions." International Journal of Tryptophan Research 12 (January 2019): 117864691987392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178646919873925.

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Serotonin syndrome (SS) (also referred to as serotonin toxicity) is a potentially life-threatening drug-induced toxidrome associated with increased serotonergic activity in both the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS). It is characterised by a dose-relevant spectrum of clinical findings related to the level of free serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]), or 5-HT receptor activation (predominantly the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A subtypes), which include neuromuscular abnormalities, autonomic hyperactivity, and mental state changes. Severe SS is only usually precipitated by the simultaneous

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Lenzi, Monia, Sofia Gasperini, Veronica Cocchi, Micaela Tirri, Matteo Marti, and Patrizia Hrelia. "Genotoxicological Characterization of (±)cis-4,4′-DMAR and (±)trans-4,4′-DMAR and Their Association." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (2022): 5849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105849.

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The novel psychoactive substance (NPS) 4-Methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroxazol-2-amine (4,4′-DMAR) shows psychostimulant activity. Data on the acute toxicity of 4,4′-DMAR are becoming increasingly available, yet the long-term effects are still almost unknown. In particular, no data on genotoxicity are available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate its genotoxic potential using the “In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test” (MNvit) on (±)cis-4,4′-DMAR and (±)trans-4,4′-DMAR and their associations. The analyses were conducted in vitro on human TK6 cells. To select suita

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Santos, Inês C., Daniela Maia, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira, and Daniel José Barbosa. "New Psychoactive Substances: Health and Legal Challenges." Psychoactives 3, no. 2 (2024): 285–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3020018.

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Drug abuse represents a significant public health problem with a growing tendency. As a way of circumventing the strict national and international control of psychoactive substances by regulatory agencies, there is a market release of new substances with psychoactive activity, called New Psychoactive Substances (NPSs). This group of substances encompasses a diverse range of synthetic compounds designed to mimic the effects of traditional illicit substances. As NPSs show stronger psychoactive effects than classical drugs, they pose unique challenges to public health and regulatory frameworks. A

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Busardò, Francesco, and Simona Pichini. "Molecular Insights on New Psychoactive Substances (NPSs)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (2022): 3282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063282.

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Currently, more than 1000 molecules have been classified as New Psychoactive Substances (NPSs), and it is reported that, every year, this number increases with new classes of compounds and/or newer generations of NPS families [...]

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Smith, Jamie P., Oliver B. Sutcliffe, and Craig E. Banks. "An overview of recent developments in the analytical detection of new psychoactive substances (NPSs)." Analyst 140, no. 15 (2015): 4932–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5an00797f.

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New psychoactive substances (NPSs) are a class of compounds that have been recently made available for abuse. Following an unprecedented increase in the number of NPSs in the last 5 years this mini-review overviews this recent emerging research area and the analytical approaches reported.

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Gonçalves, Joana, Ângelo Luís, Eugenia Gallardo, and Ana Paula Duarte. "Psychoactive Substances of Natural Origin: Toxicological Aspects, Therapeutic Properties and Analysis in Biological Samples." Molecules 26, no. 5 (2021): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051397.

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The consumption of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) has been increasing, and this problem affects several countries worldwide. There is a class of NPSs of natural origin, consisting of plants and fungi, which have a wide range of alkaloids, responsible for causing relaxing, stimulating or hallucinogenic effects. The consumption of some of these substances is prompted by religious beliefs and cultural reasons, making the legislation very variable or even ambiguous. However, the abusive consumption of these substances can present an enormous risk to the health of the individuals, since their m

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Mijatović Jovin, Vesna, Nina Skoko, Ana Tomas, et al. "New Psychoactive Substances: Awareness and Attitudes of Future Health Care Professionals in Serbia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (2022): 14877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214877.

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This study was conducted in order to evaluate prospective health care professionals’ (HCPs) awareness and attitudes regarding new psychoactive substances (NPSs) in the context of their future role in the prevention and treatment of NPS overdose and addiction. Correlates of NPS perception and use were also examined. This cross-sectional survey was performed on 490 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia, during 2017. NPS awareness was better in pharmacy students (IRR: 1.926, CI: 1.173–3.163, p = 0.010) than in medicine students—pharmacy students recognized 92.6% more NPS names tha

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Piechaczek, Małgorzata, Magdalena Smolik, Sebastian Rojek, and Beata Bystrowska. "Metabolism testing methods as exemplified by selected new psychoactive substances (NPSs)." Problems of Forensic Sciences, no. 126-127 (March 29, 2022): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/12307483pfs.20.007.15447.

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Detailed assessment of the biotransformation of compounds and the activity of their metabolites is an extremely important element in the safety evaluation of a substance, both in preclinical and clinical studies. It should be noted that the metabolite may differ from the parent compound in terms of physicochemical properties and consequently pharmacological and toxicological properties. The purpose of the biotransformation of xenobiotics is to increase their hydrophilicity, which allows excretion in the urine. the metabolites of biotransformation phase I show undesirable pharmacological or tox

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Golub, Aniela, Michal Ordak, Tadeusz Nasierowski, and Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrozny. "Advanced Biomarkers of Hepatotoxicity in Psychiatry: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for New Psychoactive Substances." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 11 (2023): 9413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119413.

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One of the factors that increase the effectiveness of the pharmacotherapy used in patients abusing various types of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) is the proper functioning of the liver. However, the articles published to date on NPS hepatotoxicity only address non-specific hepatic parameters. The aim of this manuscript was to review three advanced markers of hepatotoxicity in psychiatry, namely, osteopontin (OPN), high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and glutathione dehydrogenase (GDH, GLDH), and, on this basis, to identify recommendations that should be included in future studies in

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Turcu, Teodora-Adela, Andreea Lescaie, Andreea Rodica Grama, et al. "Patterns and Emerging Trends in Acute Poisoning with Substances of Abuse Used for Recreational Purposes in Adolescents: A Six-Year Multicentre Study." Life 14, no. 8 (2024): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14081033.

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This six-year multicentre study investigated acute intentional poisoning with substances of abuse in adolescents to identify changes and patterns in substance use. Data from 562 adolescents were collected from three paediatric poison centres in Romania between January 2017 and December 2022. This study analysed the epidemiological and sociodemographic characteristics of the adolescents, including age, gender, place of residence, history of substance abuse, psychiatric history, and history of institutionalised care. The findings revealed that cannabis and new psychoactive substances (NPSs) are

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Brew, Iain. "Novel psychoactive substances." British Journal of General Practice 66, no. 644 (2016): 125.2–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp16x684253.

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Wood, David M., and Paul I. Dargan. "Novel Psychoactive Substances." Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 34, no. 4 (2012): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ftd.0b013e31825b954b.

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Orsolini, L., D. Papanti, R. Vecchiotti, A. Valchera, J. Corkery, and F. Schifano. "Novel psychoactive substances." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S59—S60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.945.

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Over the last decade, the “traditional” drug scene has been supplemented – but not replaced – by the emergence of a range of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), which are either newly created or existing drugs, including medications, now being used in novel ways. By the end of 2015, in excess of 700 NPS had been reported by a large number of countries in the world. Most recent data show however that synthetic cathinones; synthetic cannabinoids; and psychedelics/phenethylamines; account for the largest number of NPS. Given the vast range of medical and psychopathological issues associated with

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Awuchi, Chinaza Godswill, Maduabuchi Patrick Aja, Nancy Bonareri Mitaki, et al. "New Psychoactive Substances: Major Groups, Laboratory Testing Challenges, Public Health Concerns, and Community-Based Solutions." Journal of Chemistry 2023 (February 2, 2023): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5852315.

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Across communities worldwide, various new psychoactive substances (NPSs) continue to emerge, which worsens the challenges to global mental health, drug rules, and public health risks, as well as combats their usage. Specifically, the vast number of NPSs that are currently available, coupled with the rate at which new ones emerge worldwide, increasingly challenges both forensic and clinical testing strategies. The well-established NPS detection techniques include immunoassays, colorimetric tests, mass spectrometric techniques, chromatographic techniques, and hyphenated types. Nonetheless, mitig

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Nisbet, Lorna A., Fiona M. Wylie, and Karen S. Scott. "Applications of Sample Preparation Techniques in the Analysis of New Psychoactive Substances." Separations 11, no. 9 (2024): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations11090258.

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The global rise of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) poses challenges for their analysis in biological matrices due to their complex chemistries and short market lifespan. A comparative study for the simultaneous extraction, separation, and detection of 19 NPSs was conducted. Six solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods and one supported liquid extraction method (SLE) were compared for the extraction of analytes from blood, serum, plasma, and urine. Comparisons of four derivatization agents were conducted, at four temperatures and two incubation times. Extraction methods were assessed by precisio

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Carfora, Anna, Raffaella Petrella, Giusy Ambrosio, et al. "Toxicological Analysis of Illicit Drugs Seized in Naples (Italy) and First Detection of Synthetic Cannabinoids during COVID-19 Pandemic." Healthcare 10, no. 8 (2022): 1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081488.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has consistently raised the number of drug seizures, in United States as in Europe. The COVID-19 pandemic has also changed the typology of seizures from “more traditional” drugs to New Psychoactive Substances (NPSs), depending on geographical area. In Europe, the most frequent NPSs are synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) and cathinones, nonetheless synthetic opioids and phenethylamines are widely used. The aim of the study is the detection of NPS and other substances of abuse available in the black market, by quali/quantitative methods in LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. From 2018 to 2021, 2

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Taflaj, Beldisa, Nunzia La Maida, Roberta Tittarelli, Annagiulia Di Trana, and Ilaria D’Acquarica. "New Psychoactive Substances Toxicity: A Systematic Review of Acute and Chronic Psychiatric Effects." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17 (2024): 9484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179484.

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New psychoactive substances (NPSs) are a heterogenous group of psychotropic molecules and diverted pharmaceutical drugs sold worldwide as legal substitutes for controlled drugs. The psychiatric consequences of NPS use are relatively unknown, although evidence of related psychotic symptoms has been described in the literature. We sought to summarize the available evidence on NPS-related psychiatric disorders, to facilitate the interpretation of the molecular mechanism underlying their specific pathologies. A literature search of Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted including studies

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Hashim, Ahmed M. M., Ahmed M. Hassan, Ghada Essam El-Din Amin, and Mohamed Farouk Allam. "Prevalence of Strox Smoking Among University Students in Cairo, Egypt." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (2020): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010425.

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Background: In Egypt, the prevalence rate of New Psychoactive Substances (NPSs) use is severely underestimated. In the last 5 years, several non-scientific reports have demonstrated the presence of an emergent, cheap NPSs that has taken the name of “Strox” or “Egyptian Spice”. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence rate of Strox smoking among undergraduate students attending Ain Shams University (ASU), Cairo (Egypt). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five non-medical colleges of ASU, namely, Law, Commerce, Computer Science, Engineering, and Literature. Parti

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dos Santos, Bruno Pereira, Letícia Birk, Patricia de Souza Schwarz, Sarah Eller, Tiago Franco de Oliveira, and Marcelo Dutra Arbo. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Legislative Strategies for New Psychoactive Substances: The Brazilian Panorama." Psychoactives 2, no. 3 (2023): 242–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives2030016.

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Over the last decades, new psychoactive substances (NPSs) have established a new pattern of drug synthesis and distribution. These compounds brought with them several challenges, including their analytical determination by known methodologies, the uncertainty of their toxicological effects, and the possible approaches used for control. In Brazil, the control of NPS started with a nominal list of proscribed compounds. But the variety of substances was so large that other strategies were implemented. Generic legislation was created as several groups began to emerge, such as phenethylamines, synt

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Ford, Loretta T., and Jonathan D. Berg. "Analysis of legal high materials by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry as part of a toxicology vigilance system: what are the most popular novel psychoactive substances in the UK?" Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 54, no. 2 (2016): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563216651646.

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Introduction Legal highs also known as novel psychoactive substances mimic the effects of classic drugs of abuse. Challenges to developing screening services for novel psychoactive substances include identifying which novel psychoactive substances are available to target. Using new techniques such as exact mass time of flight can help identify common novel psychoactive substances to target for screening patient samples by routine methods such as tandem mass spectrometry. We demonstrate this strategy working in our own clinical toxicology laboratory after qualitative analysis of 98 suspect mate

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Gilani, Farah. "‘Legal highs’: Novel psychoactive substances." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 8, no. 12 (2015): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738015612509.

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Mariotto, Lívia Salviano, Caio Henrique Pinke Rodrigues, and Aline Thais Bruni. "Does Conformation Affect the Analytical Response? A Structural and Infrared Spectral Evaluation of Phenethylamines (2C-H, 25H-NBOH, and 25I-NBOMe) Using In Silico Methodology." Psychoactives 3, no. 1 (2024): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3010006.

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The identification of new psychoactive substances (compounds that mimic the effects of outlawed substances) poses a significant challenge due to their rapid emergence and continuous modifications. This phenomenon results in these molecules escaping legal regulation, allowing them to circumvent legislation. The phenethylamine class has garnered attention because its molecules replicate the effects of LSD and are associated with numerous cases of intoxication. In this study, we focused on three phenethylamines—2C-H, 25H-NBOH, and 25I-NBOMe—with crystallographic structures available in the Cambri

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Smith, C. D., M. Williams, and M. Shaikh. "Novel psychoactive substances: a novel clinical challenge." Case Reports 2013, aug20 1 (2013): bcr2013200663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-200663.

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Mazdai, Leila, Matteo Fabbri, Micaela Tirri, et al. "Epigenetic Studies for Evaluation of NPS Toxicity: Focus on Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cathinones." Biomedicines 10, no. 6 (2022): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061398.

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In the recent decade, numerous new psychoactive substances (NPSs) have been added to the illicit drug market. These are synthetized to mimic the effects of classic drugs of abuse (i.e., cannabis, cocaine, etc.), with the purpose of bypassing substance legislations and increasing the pharmacotoxicological effects. To date, research into the acute pharmacological effects of new NPSs is ongoing and necessary in order to provide an appropriate contribution to public health. In fact, multiple examples of NPS-related acute intoxication and mortality have been recorded in the literature. Accordingly,

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Almeida, Ana Sofia, Rita M. G. Santos, Paula Guedes de Pinho, Fernando Remião, and Carla Fernandes. "Exploring the Impact of Chirality of Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cathinones: A Systematic Review on Enantioresolution Methods and Enantioselectivity Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 13 (2025): 6471. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26136471.

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New psychoactive substances (NPSs) are emerging narcotics or psychotropics that pose a public health risk. The most commonly reported NPSs are synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones. Synthetic cannabinoids mimic the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), often with greater potency, while synthetic cathinones act as stimulants, frequently serving as cheaper alternatives to amphetamines, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and cocaine. While some synthetic cannabinoids exhibit chirality depending on their synthesis precursors, synthetic cathinones are intrinsically chiral. Bi

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ШУКИМБАЕВА, А. М., М. В. ПРИЛУЦКАЯ, В. Г. СЕНЦОВ, Д. А. МАНСУРОВА, and Б. Е. КЕНЕНБАЕВА. "THE CARDIAC CONSEQUENCES OF NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES USING (LITERATURE REVIEW)." Farmaciâ Kazahstana, no. 5 (November 28, 2022): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53511/pharmkaz.2022.96.83.002.

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В настоящее время новые психоактивные вещества (НПВ), синонимами которых являются «синтетические», «дизайнерские», «легальные», представляют угрозу системам здравоохранения, образования и правоохранительных органов во всем мире. Высокая распространенность НПВ, частота токсических осложнений и даже летальных исходов оценивается, как «эпидемия всего земного шара». Кроме стремительного роста распространения новых химических соединений, не контролируемые законодательно, существует обеспокоенность медицинской общественности разнообразием токсических влияний на различные системы организма. Одним из

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Martinotti, Giovanni, Ornella Corazza, Sophia Achab, and Zsolt Demetrovics. "Novel Psychoactive Substances and Behavioral Addictions." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/534523.

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Torrens, M. "Emerging novel psychoactive substances in Europe." European Neuropsychopharmacology 27 (October 2017): S540—S541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(17)31029-5.

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Owie, Raven Egheosa, Paul Gosney, Andrew Roney, and Aileen O’Brien. "Psychiatrists’ knowledge of novel psychoactive substances." Drugs and Alcohol Today 17, no. 3 (2017): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-03-2017-0011.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure the level of experience and knowledge of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) amongst psychiatrists, asking them to rank NPS against other psychoactive substances in terms of concern and the role they believe NPS play in the diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was created and emailed to all 217 psychiatrists working for a large city Mental Health Trust. Findings In total, 108 of 217 psychiatrists responded to the survey. A majority of the respondents believed that their level of knowledge

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