Relevant bibliographies by topics / Now SMS

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Now SMS'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Now SMS"

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Yahaya, Cik Ku Haroswati Binti Che Ku, Murizah Kassim, and Hasnorhafiza Husni. "Disruptive Technology: The Future of SMS Technology." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i2.pp665-671.

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The research illustrates a view on the current trends in the telecommunication industry focusing on the matter of Short Message Service (SMS) technology. It targets and explains disruptive technology and also introduces disruptive technology in Short Message Service (SMS). The methodology of this research is market trend analysis using data on volume of Short Message Service (SMS) sent and received through a mobile network and a survey that was conducted with questionnaires. The findings are Short Message Service (SMS) is predicted to become obsolete and be disrupted by Over the Top (OTT) messaging application by the third quarter of the year 2020. This was implemented with linear regression prediction. By the survey a new trend of using Short Message Service (SMS) has emerged but users have certainly moved away from SMS and now prefer texting Over the Top (OTT) messaging applications.
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DEBLAIS, LOÏC, CLAUDIO VRISMAN, DIPAK KATHAYAT, YOSRA A. HELMY, SALLY A. MILLER, and GIREESH RAJASHEKARA. "Imidazole and Methoxybenzylamine Growth Inhibitors Reduce Salmonella Persistence in Tomato Plant Tissues." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 6 (May 22, 2019): 997–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-555.

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ABSTRACTThe control of Salmonella from farm to fork is challenging because of the lack of symptoms on contaminated fresh produce and the limited effectiveness of control methods before and after harvest. Therefore, the identification of new antimicrobials effective against Salmonella is needed to improve food safety. In this study, we investigated the activity of four anti-Salmonella small molecules (SMs; SM1, SM3, SM4, and SM5) on tomato tissues contaminated with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium (JSG626). No toxicity was detected on tomato seeds, seedlings, and fruits when tissues were treated with 200 μM SM. Moreover, SM1 and SM4 reduced (79 and 64%, respectively) the Salmonella Typhimurium population in tomato seedlings when sprayed on the leaves with two times the minimal bactericidal concentration (SM1 = 100 μM, SM3 and SM5 = 50 μM, and SM = 20 μM) at −1 and 3 days postinfection. The four SMs (200 μM) that have antagonistic effects on Salmonella had limited effect on the growth of beneficial plant bacteria (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain BA1 and Bacillus subtilis strain BS1, and Enterobacter sp. strain SM1796). SM1 and SM4, when combined with BA1 or SM1796, reduced the Salmonella Typhimurium population by at least 98.2% in tomato plants. The four SMs (at two times the minimal bactericidal concentration) also reduced the Salmonella Typhimurium population on the surface and inside contaminated green mature and ripe tomato fruits up to 95% after spraying or soaking the fruits in cold water for 30 min. The real-time in vivo imaging data showed that the stem abscission zone in fruits represents a major source of internalization and persistence of Salmonella Typhimurium against antimicrobials. The four SMs also displayed bactericidal effect on phytopathogens at 200 μM. This study demonstrates that these novel SMs could represent safe bactericides for control of Salmonella and phytopathogens in fresh produce and are compatible for use in combination with biocontrol agents.HIGHLIGHTS
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Utami, Lila Dini, Lestari Yusuf, and Dini Nurlaela. "Komparasi Algoritma Naïve Bayes dan Support Vectors Machine pada Analisis Sentimen SMS HAM dan SPAM." Infotek : Jurnal Informatika dan Teknologi 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/jit.v4i2.3665.

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SMS is a form of communication in the form of messages sent using mobile phones between the designated numbers. SMS is now rarely used because many of the features that have changed are used by chat applications. However, the SMS feature was not removed for one thing, official messages from various applications for leveraging or other official information still use SMS as a sign that the phone number used is there. However, since 2011 there have been so many misuses of this function, so it is suspected that many frauds use SMS as a tool to influence victims. This sms category goes to SMS spam. Therefore, SMS needs to be classified so that users can find out that the SMS is included in the category of Spam or ham (the opposite of spam). Using 400 datasets taken from the UCI repository which is divided into two classes, namely spam and ham, we compare two classification methods, namely Naive Bayes and Support vector Machine in order to get SMS filtering correctly. And after the calculations are done, the accuracy is obtained in Naive Bayes, which is 90.00% Support Vector Machine 81.00%.
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Marlina, Marlina. "IMPLEMENTASI PEMBLOKIRAN TELEPON DAN SMS PADA PERANGKAT BERBASIS ANDROID." Jurnal Ilmiah Flash 1, no. 1 (December 12, 2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32511/jiflash.v1i1.13.

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Nowadays, the usage of handphones is growing very quickly, so we can say that nearly everyone is now using the handphone. Handphone is used for voice telecommunication and for sending short message service (SMS), multimedia messaging service (MMS) and a lot of other smart aplications. In the other hand, as the usage of the handphones grow, there are a lot of unwanted telephone call and SMS. Therefore, we need an aplication to block the unwanted telephone call and SMS. This journal describe the implementation of a telephone and sms blocking application on the android based device.
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Khan, Raja Asad Ali, Saba Najeeb, Shaukat Hussain, Bingyan Xie, and Yan Li. "Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma spp. against Phytopathogenic Fungi." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060817.

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Phytopathogenic fungi, causing significant economic and production losses, are becoming a serious threat to global food security. Due to an increase in fungal resistance and the hazardous effects of chemical fungicides to human and environmental health, scientists are now engaged to explore alternate non-chemical and ecofriendly management strategies. The use of biocontrol agents and their secondary metabolites (SMs) is one of the potential approaches used today. Trichoderma spp. are well known biocontrol agents used globally. Many Trichoderma species are the most prominent producers of SMs with antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Detailed information about these secondary metabolites, when grouped together, enhances the understanding of their efficient utilization and further exploration of new bioactive compounds for the management of plant pathogenic fungi. The current literature provides the information about SMs of Trichoderma spp. in a different context. In this review, we summarize and group different antifungal SMs of Trichoderma spp. against phytopathogenic fungi along with a comprehensive overview of some aspects related to their chemistry and biosynthesis. Moreover, a brief overview of the biosynthesis pathway, action mechanism, and different approaches for the analysis of SMs and the factors affecting the regulation of SMs in Trichoderma is also discussed.
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Setiyono, Agus, and Hilman F. Pardede. "KLASIFIKASI SMS SPAM MENGGUNAKAN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE." Jurnal Pilar Nusa Mandiri 15, no. 2 (September 8, 2019): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33480/pilar.v15i2.693.

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It is now common for a cellphone to receive spam messages. Great number of received messages making it difficult for human to classify those messages to Spam or no Spam. One way to overcome this problem is to use Data Mining for automatic classifications. In this paper, we investigate various data mining techniques, named Support Vector Machine, Multinomial Naïve Bayes and Decision Tree for automatic spam detection. Our experimental results show that Support Vector Machine algorithm is the best algorithm over three evaluated algorithms. Support Vector Machine achieves 98.33%, while Multinomial Naïve Bayes achieves 98.13% and Decision Tree is at 97.10 % accuracy.
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Juwenie Mangiri. "PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PEMASANGAN IKLAN SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE PADA PERUSAHAAN TELEKOMUNIKASI TELKOMSEL DI KOTA MAKASSAR." Paulus Law Journal 1, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.51342/plj.v1i2.102.

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The development of information technology now has a significant impact on the development of business transactions in the trading system. One of the application of information technology is in the delivery of advertisements to potential consumers of goods and services through the media Short Message Service (SMS). The usage of SMS media is certainly very beneficial for telecommunications companies and business operators. However, not all the consumers of telecommunications companies feel comfortable with the short message containing the advertisement. In hence, this article analyzes consumer protection against advertising through SMS media at PT Telkomel in Makassar City. This article will also look at the advantages and disadvantages for consumers as a result of advertising through SMS media. The purpose of writing to determine the legal protection of consumers and the advantages and disadvantages for consumers against advertising on PT Telkomsel via SMS in the city of Makassar. The result of the study indicate that consumer protection protects consumers from the actions of business actors who in adversiting their products throught SMS have violated consumer rights which are cleary regulated concerning Consumer Protection, and know that the existens of advertisements through SMS in more harmful consumers especially in terms of consumer privacy.
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Chow, A. T., J. E. Kegelman, C. Kohli, D. D. McCabe, and J. F. Moore. "Application of existing technology to meet increasing demands for automated sample handling." Clinical Chemistry 36, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.9.1579.

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Abstract As the clinical laboratory advances toward total automation, the marketplace is now demanding more-efficient sample-handling systems. These demands have arisen over a relatively short period of time, in part because of heightened concern over laboratory safety and the resulting manpower shortages. Adding sample-handling capabilities to existing instrumentation is often a challenge, because usually mechanical or system constraints are present that interfere. This challenge has been overcome in the DuPont Sample Management System (SMS), a second-generation general chemistry analyzer that incorporates the latest barcode and computer-interfacing technology. The development of the SMS system relies heavily on recent advances in technology, e.g., software modeling and computer-aided design. The SMS system includes a barcode scanner based on "charge-coupled device" technology, a random-access sample wheel, and new software that oversees the various functions.
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Chiluwa, Innocent. "Assessing the Nigerianness of SMS text-messages in English." English Today 24, no. 1 (February 22, 2008): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078408000102.

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ABSTRACTTo what extent does the distinctiveness of Nigerian English come through in text messages? In the history of the English language certain developments have left significant linguistic marks on the language. As new developments and cultural forms occur, new words and styles of expression evolve with them and spread. This is true of the new linguistic style that is associated with the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) revolution in Nigeria since 2001. GSM has brought with it a variety of English that is situationally distinctive and context. GSM came to Nigeria with the licensing of MTN and Econet (now Celtel) in 2001 during the Obasanjo administration, after many years of decaying telecommunication infrastructure. Within a short time after the introduction of mobile telecommunication, almost a million subscribers mainly in the cities made a rush at possessing mobile phones and were willing to pay any tariff. N50 (50 naira) were paid per minute per call as against N15 per text message. This was said to be the highest rate in Africa, causing many subscribers to opt for text-messaging as a cheaper alternative.
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Zulfan, Zulfan, and Munawir Munawir. "Aplikasi Reservasi Maintenance Kendaraan Berbasis SMS Gateway." Jurnal JTIK (Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi) 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/jtik.v3i1.84.

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Private or public vehicles as a means of transportation are now increasingly being used. This develops along with a large number of residents in their daily activities. With so many vehicles the need for vehicle maintenance centers is also growing. At present, the vehicle maintenance center is not proportional to the number of vehicles. This problem is seen by many vehicle users who are waiting to take care of their vehicles and some of them have to make reservations. Reservations made are still conventional in nature that is still making reservations at the vehicle maintenance center. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explain the making of the SMS Gateway vehicle reservation application. The method used is the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) using PHP, MySQL, and Gammu programming. This research produces an application that can make customers make vehicle maintenance reservations remotely using SMS media. And customers can receive information about vehicles that have been completed through maintenance via SMS sent via the application server.Keywords:Reservation, Vehicle, Information System, SMS gateway
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Now SMS"

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Najulis, Mindaugas. "Mobiliųjų paslaugų portalų technologijų tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050603_171238-43470.

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Information technologies and mobile telecommunications rapidly enter our personal and social life. Mobile phone is no longer luxury – it has become a necessity. Growing volumes of the mobile services has caused a need to expand the mobile service employment opportunities in the Internet portals. Today’s portals, created using the means, offered by software manufacturers, employ exclusively the mobile Internet service, thanks to which the users can see and manage the necessary information and process of the portal at any time and from anywhere. The problem is related with the fact that mobile Internet services are still expensive in Lithuania. Therefore one should look for cheaper ways to reach and manage portal information. In order to solve this problem one can consider the SMS and MMS message sending, suggested by mobile technologies. Basic aim of the work is to create an entertainment portal, rendering the user both various Internet entertainments (e.g. Internet acquaintances, games), and mobile entertainment (e.g. sending messages, logos, melodies, animations and games for mobile phone) as well as a wide range of mobile services to be used to obtain and to manage the portal information. In the work I describe: portal evolution, classification and creation measures („BroadVision Portal“, „IBM WebSphere Portal for Multiplatforms v5.x“, „Sun One Portal Server v6.0“, „Red Hat Enterprise Portal Server“, „Microsoft SharePoint® Portal Server 2003“, „ORACLE 9ias Portal“, „PHP:... [to full text]
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Wapner, Henrik, and Juan Calcerrada. "New Service Development : of SMS-lending companies in Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12102.

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Master Thesis Linnaeus University, School of Business and Economics, Växjö, Sweden Authors: Juan Calcerrada, Henrik Wapner Tutor: Sarah Philipson Title: New service development of SMS-lending companies in Sweden Introduction: Many customers started to get into debt from taking sms-loans during the last years with the news being highlighted in media frequently. After the financial crisis in 2008, new laws & regulations were imposed on the sms-lending companies. As of today, the sms- lending companies are still having problems with customers whose debts are being handled at the enforcement administration of Sweden. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the major barriers that serve as hinders for service development among sms-lending companies in Sweden. Method: A qualitative study has been conducted through semi-structured interviews with CEO’s, operation managers, and marketing managers of six companies in the sms-lending industry. Conclusion: The result shows that a standard model is not necessary for sms-lending companies in order to be profitable. However, none of the companies has a large share of the market, making it fragmented. Standardization in the market and problems to take patents on service innovation makes it difficult for the companies to innovate other than in their internal processes. The barriers to successful NSD processes are somewhat juridical and financial ones, but, although not mentioned by the interviewed companies themselves, we believe that the lack of customer involvement in the NSD process is serving as the major barrier. This is due to the fact that service companies are more dependent on customer interaction because of the service offerings being intangible, thus demanding a closely-monitored “fit” between service characteristics and customer requirements.
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Tong, Zhang, Naw Mie Pae Hsertawbu, and Payal Hirani. "Why not now? : Reasons for small firm unable to adopt and transform through Green Supply Chain Management." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48883.

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Introduction: It is undeniable that green effort returns more than just a better image for firms. GSCM initiative has resulted in many successful companies transition to a more sustainable organization and supply network. However, the evidence for smaller entities are not abundantly available and one can assume that GSCM is not currently adopted among this size of enterprises. With this premise, the study focuses on why these firms are reluctant to adopt GSCM initiative. The study focuses on a single case study of one successful business not adopting GSCM.   Purpose: To help SMEs prepare for what they might expect when taking green initiative, this study seeksto find barriersfor why GSCM is not adopted among smaller firms. Method: A single holistic explorative study have been conducted. With qualitative approach, the interviews are analyzed and deliver enriched data to unveil reason for thefirms in this study supply network.  Findings: Every respondent admitted to having financial constraint. Therefore, they are not investing in the GSCM initiative because of unknown ROI.This indicate that the firm do not know enough about the initiative and left out one important activity following the initiative, the value chain. These firms also recognize external barriers, this again turnsback to knowledge of value chain and lacking in communication.  Conclusion: The barriers appear in internal and external form, meaning that some barriers are over the firm’s owncontrol. However, smaller firms somehow unconsciously create own barriers by not having a good communication and neglecting shared environmental value within their own supply network.
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Mirza, Asfahaanullah Baig. "Potential of mobile devices in New Zealand healthcare : a thesis submitted to the faculty of Massey University at Albany in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Engineering in Software." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/831.

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This thesis examines the potential for the use of mobile devices in New Zealand healthcare. Adoption of mobile technology can potentially improve information access at point of care, increase efficiency and patient safety, significantly reduce costs, enhance workflow, and promote evidence-based practice to help make effective decisions. Mobile devices of different size and form such as laptops, tablet PCs, PDAs, smart phones, mobile phones, and RFID offer portability, remote access to clinical data, traceability, convergence, and connectivity which traditional computers cannot emulate. The pervasiveness of mobile devices is increasing both globally and within New Zealand. The potential of mobile technology in healthcare has been recognized by many developed countries; there is adequate evidence for improving productivity, efficiency, and patient engagement. The study focuses on the three prominent healthcare sectors in New Zealand: Primary, Secondary, and Community. As mobile technology is still an underdeveloped area within New Zealand’s healthcare industry, the use of a qualitative research approach involving surveys and interviews helps to determine which m-health applications are most appropriate to adopt here. The sample surveyed consists of health providers, health strategists, and technology vendors. The potential of mobile devices that were identified from the interviews included real-time access to information such as clinical data, drug database, and medical references. the use of SMS reminders and alerts, use of RFID to reduce medical errors, manage patients and assets, and for identification of medical equipment and drug identification. Over 80 percent of the participants considered privacy, confidentiality, and security to be very important challenges in the m-health domain. Many challenges and implications were identified, including technical constraints such as form factor of mobile devices, storage space, limited battery life, durability, and reading distance of RFID devices. Privacy, security, and ethical issues were discussed including the sensitivity of personal data, sending and receiving of clinical data, RFID tracking ability, security, and encryption standards, authentication barriers, and cultural barriers.
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Schmid, Bernhard. "The effect of Basel II on SME financing in Germany : an exploratory study of the impact of the new Basel Accord on SMEs and financiers in Germany." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5206.

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The New Capital Accord (henceforth, Basel II), is expected to impose dramatic changes on banks and other providers of corporate financing, as well as companies. Literature indicates that small and medium sized enterprises (henceforth SMEs), in general, and in particular German SMEs seem to be affected: Germany has the highest SME density with SMEs comprising 99.6% of all corporations (IMF, 2008), these SMEs are highly dependent on banks for financing (see Jacobson et al, 2006). However, there is huge controversy in the literature concerning how these changes will look, right before Basel II came into effect in the years 2007 / 2008 in the European Union. In order to explore this effect from a Post-Basel II perspective, the objective of this research project is to establish what effect Basel II will have on corporate financing of SMEs in Germany. The high impact on SMEs (in Germany), combined with controversial evidence from extant Pre-Basel II research, indicates a high relevance to academics and practitioners for this thesis. This thesis is probably the first from a Post-Basel II perspective which covers both the SMEs' as well as the financiers' perspective. Based on a structured literature review using the comparative method (Peters, 1998) 'Most Different Systems' evidence is provided that there is no consistent picture regarding the effect of Basel II. Therefore, further research is needed to determine whether the effect in Germany is consistent, from a Post-Basel II perspective, with regards to the conditions which trigger certain mechanisms, from a 'scientific realism' (Smith, 1998) perspective, because the literature indicates that 'positivist generalising' has limited validity. Building on Creswell (2003), an 'exploratory sequential' design was created to test three initial hypotheses (as confirmation or refutation of a theory, see Gujarati, 2003:8): a multi-method design is best suited to the author's philosophical stance of 'scientific realism' by means of triangulation (Robson, 2002:174). The result of the initial quantitative phase is based on the analysis of questionnaire data from 125 SMEs and financiers (banks, private equity companies, family offices, providers of alternative means of financing) derived from a probabilistic sample frame in the fourth quarter of 2008. Mathematical models for SMEs and financiers regarding the three initial hypotheses were set-up and tested using the appropriate statistical tests. In order to limit bias by means of a spill-over effect from the financial crises, control questions were used. The subsequent qualitative phase by means of semistructured elite interviews (Saunders et al, 2007:312) between March and May 2009 enabled a valid triangulation and provided in-depth insights into how SMEs can cope best with Basel II. The purposive sample, of 17 'important cases', included company owners and top-level financier executives. In a conclusive quantitative and qualitative synopsis, the three initial hypotheses were acknowledged. However, the qualitative in-depth analysis by means of 'causal networks' (Miles and Huberman, 1994) led to an amendment of the hypotheses as follows: 1. Corporate finance has become different for SMEs because the 'house bank principle' has changed to a 'core bank principle' due to Basel II. Shopping around regarding credits will be more difficult which makes financing more difficult. This could be overcompensated by major SMEs, by using non-credit corporate financing which leads to a reduction of the 'house bank' principle. 2. SMEs can cope best with the effect when they: a) proactively engage in rating and improve the parameters, or b) they adjust their strategy as stated in hypothesis 3. 3. Financiers (especially non-bank financiers) will engage in SME corporate finance when they have a sound financial basis / management and when they adjust their strategy in terms of growth with the aim of niche market leadership and when they open up for exit strategies.
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Scott, Judith. "Perceptions of low SES, high academic achievement Vietnamese middle grades students of factors that have contributed to their school achievement." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,248.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New Orleans, 2005.
Title from electronic submission form. "A dissertation ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of in the Department of Special Education and Habilitative Services"--Dissertation t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lima, Daniel Chaves de. "Characterization of RadA/Sms from Chromobacterium violaceum and discovery of a new episome." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM BIOQU?MICA, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22058.

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Chromobacterium violaceum is a ?-proteobacteria commonly found around tropical and subtropical regions throughout the globe. It produces many metabolites with biotechnological properties such as antitumoral peptides, antibiotics and polymers that have potential to replace the oil-based ones. Although it has been extensively studied over the past 40 years, there are many aspects of C. violaceum that remains unclear until today. We have conducted a biochemical study on the homologous recombination (HR) machinery of C. violaceum, mainly in RecA and its paralog, RadA/Sms. We performed in vitro assays from initial and late steps of HR such as D-loop formation and branch migration, respectively, with their corresponding molecular actors and how RadA/Sms influenced each one. We observed cvRadA/Sms influences negatively D-loop formation promoted by cvRecA and through pull-down assay we have observed an interaction between these two proteins. We also observed the DNA-binding preference of cvRadA/Sms and cvRecA and observed that this protein binds preferentially to dsDNA instead ssDNA, unlike cvRecA. No involvement of cvRadA/Sms on branch migration reactions was detected. In this work, we also described, for the first time, the isolation, sequencing and annotation of a new plasmid from C. violaceum, which we named ChVi1 and has 44,236 base pairs, 39 predicted open reading frames (ORFs) and, possibly, two origins of replication. Most of the ORFs codes for hypothetical and structural bacteriophage proteins. By using restriction digestion and Next-generation sequencing (NGS) we also looked for the presence of a similar plasmid in other seven C. violaceum strains isolated from amazon region. Our analysis suggest the presence of a plasmid similar to ChVi1 in two of these strains. The present work describes for the first time a biochemical characterization of RadA/Sms and RecA from C. violaceum which have different roles in HR. Moreover, the discovery of ChVi1 opens a path to further explore C. violaceum?s biology.
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Richterová, Lenka. "Selection and characterization of a new, non-melanising line of Anopheles gambiae s.s. refractory to Plasmodium falciparum." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8720/.

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Mosey, Simon. "'New to market' product innovation in SMEs." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405092.

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Boughattas, Sedki. "L'Arithmétique ouverte et ses modèles non-standards." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603214b.

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Books on the topic "Now SMS"

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Rhena, Seidman, ed. Professional SAS programming secrets: Updated with new features of releases 6.08-6.10. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.

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Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, Banji, and Kaushalesh Lal. SMEs and New Technologies. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230625457.

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Monnery, David. New SAS 3: Zulu four. Rochester: 22, 1997.

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Council, International Code. To SME or not to SME: What is the question? Falls Church, VA: The Council, 2004.

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Gaxie, Jean-Pierre. Kafka prince de l'identité: Ses photos, son nom, ses figurines. Paris: Joseph K, 2005.

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1957-, Mahmood Amir, ed. Malaysian SMEs in the new economy. Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: Cengage Learning Asia, 2012.

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Shestopaloff, Yuri K. Sums of exponential functions and their new fundamental properties, with applications to natural phenomena. Toronto: AKVY Press, 2008.

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Ponomarenko, Roman O. 1943, divizija SS "Rejch" na Vostoc nom fronte. Moskva: Jauza-Press, 2010.

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Abe, Masato. A new policy framework for Myanmar's SME. Bangkok: Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade, 2014.

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Petrucci, Alessandra, and Rosanna Verde, eds. SIS 2017. Statistics and Data Science: new challenges, new generations. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-521-0.

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The 2017 SIS Conference aims to highlight the crucial role of the Statistics in Data Science. In this new domain of ‘meaning’ extracted from the data, the increasing amount of produced and available data in databases, nowadays, has brought new challenges. That involves different fields of statistics, machine learning, information and computer science, optimization, pattern recognition. These afford together a considerable contribute in the analysis of ‘Big data’, open data, relational and complex data, structured and no-structured. The interest is to collect the contributes which provide from the different domains of Statistics, in the high dimensional data quality validation, sampling extraction, dimensional reduction, pattern selection, data modelling, testing hypotheses and confirming conclusions drawn from the data.
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Book chapters on the topic "Now SMS"

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Mason, David M., and Galen R. Shorack. "Non-Normality of a Class of Random Variables." In Sums, Trimmed Sums and Extremes, 393–416. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6793-2_14.

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Fischer, R. X., and W. H. Baur. "SFS." In Zeolite-Type Crystal Structures and their Chemistry. 41 New Framework Type Codes, 390–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41452-7_40.

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Oricchio, Gianluca, Sergio Lugaresi, Andrea Crovetto, and Stefano Fontana. "SME Credit Rating Models: A New Approach." In SME Funding, 139–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58608-7_5.

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Zaizi, Nurzi Juana Mohd, Madihah Mohd Saudi, and Adiebah Khailani. "A New Mobile Malware Classification for SMS Exploitation." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 456–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51281-5_46.

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Beaman, Joseph J., Joel W. Barlow, David L. Bourell, Richard H. Crawford, Harris L. Marcus, and Kevin P. McAlea. "SLS Applications." In Solid Freeform Fabrication: A New Direction in Manufacturing, 291–320. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6327-3_9.

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Fayolle, Alain, and Salma Fattoum. "SMEs in France: New Perspectives and New Generation of Small-Business Owners." In Change in SMEs, 99–117. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230227781_6.

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Kuersteiner, G. M. "Granger–Sims Causality." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–13. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2095-1.

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Kuersteiner, G. M. "Granger–Sims Causality." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 5413–25. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2095.

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Hirsch-Kreinsen, Hartmut. "Innovation Strategies of Non-Research-Intensive SMEs." In Change in SMEs, 171–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230227781_10.

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Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, Banji, and Kaushalesh Lal. "New Technologies and Economic Development." In SMEs and New Technologies, 1–22. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230625457_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Now SMS"

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Naqvi, Syed, and Hafedh Al-Shihi. "M-Government Services Initiatives in Oman." In InSITE 2009: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3389.

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Information technology and communications have now become the main elements that move forward and help Oman in its national development process. Internet penetration in most developing countries like Oman is still low as oppose to mobiles dissemination, despite the government plans and strategies to enhance internet diffusion. Internet subscribers comprised about 2.5% of the general population of Oman. In contrast, the number of mobile holders increased substantially since the launch of these services in 1996. Prepaid mobile services and SMS were introduced in 2001 and both are currently popular with subscribers. Such fine appeal influenced many government organizations to go mobile with their services. This paper reviewed the ICT sector and the current m-government initiatives in Oman setting up the mobile services and aimed to understand the key factors to adoption and diffusion of these services.
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"TRUSTED SMS - A Novel Framework for Non-repudiable SMS-based Processes." In International Conference on Health Informatics. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001036800430050.

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Fortini, Annalisa, Alessio Suman, Nicola Aldi, Mattia Merlin, and Michele Pinelli. "A Shape Memory Alloy-Based Morphing Axial Fan Blade: Part I — Blade Structure Design and Functional Characterization." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42695.

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The possibility to realize adaptive structures is of great interest in turbomachinery design, owing to the benefits related to enhanced performance and efficiency. To accomplish this, a challenging approach is the employment of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs), which can recover seemingly permanent strains by solid phase transformations whereby the so-called Shape Memory Effect (SME) takes place. This paper presents the development of a heavy-duty automotive cooling axial fan with morphing blades activated by SMA strips that works as actuator elements in the polymeric blade structure. Concerning the fan performance, this new concept differs from a conventional viscous fan clutch solution especially during the non-stationary operating condition. The blade design was performed in order to achieve the thermal activation of the strips by means of air stream flow. Two polymeric matrices were chosen to be tested in conjunction with a commercially available NiTi binary alloy, whose phase transformation temperatures were experimentally evaluated by imposing the actual operating thermal gradient. The SMA strips were then thermo-mechanically treated to memorize a bent shape and embedded in the polymeric blade. In a specifically designed wind tunnel, the different polymeric matrices equipped with the SMA strips were tested to assess the fluid temperature and surface pattern behavior of the blade. Upon heating they tend to recover the memorized shape and the blade is forced to bend, leading to a camber variation and a trailing edge displacement. The recovery behavior of each composite structure (polymeric matrix with SMA strips) was evaluated through digital image analysis techniques. The differences between the blade shape at the initial condition and at the maximum bending deformation were considered. According to these results, the best coupling of SMA strips and polymeric structure is assessed and its time-wise behavior is compared to the traditional time-wise behavior of a viscous fan clutch.
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Phillips, Francis R., Daniel Martin, Dimitris C. Lagoudas, and Robert W. Wheeler. "Modeling of Internal Damage Evolution During Actuation Fatigue in Shape Memory Alloys." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-8068.

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Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are unique materials capable of undergoing a thermo-mechanically induced, reversible, crystallographic phase transformation. As SMAs are utilized across a variety of applications, it is necessary to understand the internal changes that occur throughout the lifetime of SMA components. One of the key limitations to the lifetime of a SMA component is the response of SMAs to fatigue. SMAs are subject to two kinds of fatigue, namely structural fatigue due to cyclic mechanical loading which is similar to high cycle fatigue, and functional fatigue due to cyclic phase transformation which typical is limited to the low cycle fatigue regime. In cases where functional fatigue is due to thermally induced phase transformation in contrast to being mechanically induced, this form of fatigue can be further defined as actuation fatigue. Utilizing X-ray computed microtomography, it is shown that during actuation fatigue, internal damage such as cracks or voids, evolves in a non-linear manner. A function is generated to capture this non-linear internal damage evolution and introduced into a SMA constitutive model. Finally, it is shown how the modified SMA constitutive model responds and the ability of the model to predict actuation fatigue lifetime is demonstrated.
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Hadi, Alireza, Mohammad Elahinia, Aghil Yousefi-Koma, Majid M. Moghadam, and Cory Chapman. "Position and Force Control of an SMA Spring Based Differential Actuator." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3755.

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Actuators as a major component of all mechanical systems require improving in size, power, noise and simplicity. In most presented actuators, there is no such feature of suitable positioning of load, variable stiffness/force and active shock damping simultaneously. Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) can be a suitable choice for providing the above capabilities in the systems. Especially the spring type SMAs are less utilized in the developed SMA based systems. SMA springs in comparison to SMA wires may provide much more deflection although less force is produced through them. This property may tend to a more flexibility in the developed mechanisms. Additionally the actuator capability in controlling position and force is not presented in the works. In this paper, an actuator with one DOF utilizing SMA springs with the above features is considered. The actuator mechanism is based on the antagonistic application of SMA springs that provide faster actuation response and controllable stiffness. It is shown that such an actuator demonstrates a good positioning accuracy in addition to a higher level force and stiffness control capability. As a result, the mechanical systems with such actuator behave more flexible with less bodily damage while encountering environment.
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Xu, Lei, Theocharis Baxevanis, and Dimitris Lagoudas. "A Three-Dimensional Constitutive Model for Polycrystalline Shape Memory Alloys Under Large Strains Combined With Large Rotations." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-8050.

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Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs), known as an intermetallic alloys with the ability to recover its predefined shape under specific thermomechanical loading, has been widely aware of working as actuators for active/smart morphing structures in engineering industry. Because of the high actuation energy density of SMAs, compared to other active materials, structures integrated with SMA-based actuators has high advantage in terms of tradeoffs between overall structure weight, integrity and functionality. The majority of available constitutive models for SMAs are developed within infinitesimal strain regime. However, it was reported that particular SMAs can generate transformation strains nearly up to 8%–10%, for which the adopted infinitesimal strain assumption is no longer appropriate. Furthermore, industry applications may require SMA actuators, such as a SMA torque tube, undergo large rotation deformation at work. Combining the above two facts, a constitutive model for SMAs developed on a finite deformation framework is required to predict accurate response for these SMA-based actuators under large deformations. A three-dimensional constitutive model for SMAs considering large strains with large rotations is proposed in this work. This model utilizes the logarithmic strain as a finite strain measure for large deformation analysis so that its rate form hypoelastic constitutive relation can be consistently integrated to deliver a free energy based hyper-elastic constitutive relation. The martensitic volume fraction and the second-order transformation strain tensor are chosen as the internal state variables to characterize the inelastic response exhibited by polycrystalline SMAs. Numerical experiments for basic SMA geometries, such as a bar under tension and a torque tube under torsion are performed to test the capabilities of the newly proposed model. The presented formulation and its numerical implementation scheme can be extended in future work for the incorporation of other inelastic phenomenas such as transformation-induced plasticity, viscoplasticity and creep under large deformations.
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Koscak, P., E. Jencova, J. Galanda, and D. Liptakova. "Airports SMS Penetration with Occupational Health Protection." In 2019 New Trends in Aviation Development (NTAD). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ntad.2019.8875592.

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Duval, Luis, Mohammad N. Noori, Zhikun Hou, Hamid Davoodi, and Stefan Seleecke. "Random Vibration Studies of a SDOF System With Shape Memory Restoring Force." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/vib-8084.

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Abstract Intelligent and adaptive material systems and structures have become very important in engineering applications. The basic characteristic of these systems is the ability to adapt to the environmental conditions. One of the new class of materials with promising applications in structural and mechanical systems are Shape Memory Alloys (SMA). The mechanical behavior of shape memory alloys in particular shows a strong dependence on temperature. This property provides opportunities for the utilization of SMAs in actuators or energy dissipation devices. However, the behavior of systems containing shape memory components under random excitation has not yet been addressed in the literature. Such study is important to verify the feasibility of using SMAs in structural systems. In this work a non-deterministic study of the dynamic behavior of a single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) mechanical system, having a Nitinol spring as a restoring force element is presented. The SMA spring is characterized using a one-dimensional phenomenological constitutive model based on the classical Devonshire theory. Response statistics for zero mean random vibration of the SDOF under a wide range of temperature is obtained. Furthermore, nonzero mean analysis of these systems is carried out.
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Daghash, Sherif, Osman E. Ozbulut, and Muhammad M. Sherif. "Shape Memory Alloy Cables for Civil Infrastructure Systems." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7562.

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Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have attracted a great deal of attention as a smart material that can be used in various civil engineering applications due to their favorable mechanical properties such as ability to undergo large deformations, high corrosion and fatigue resistance, good energy dissipating capacity, and excellent re-centering ability. In contrast to the use of SMAs in the biomedical, mechanical and aerospace applications, which requires mostly small diameter of material, the larger size bars are usually needed in a civil engineering application. It is well known that properties of large-section SMA bars are generally poorer than those of wires due to difficulties in material processing. Furthermore, large diameter SMA bars are more expensive than thin SMA wires. Shape memory alloy cables have been recently developed as an alternative and new structural element. They leverage the superior mechanical characteristics of small diameter SMAs into large-size structural tension elements and possess several advantages over SMA bars. This study explores the performance of NiTi SMA cables and their potential use in civil engineering. The SMA cable, which has a diameter of 8 mm, is composed of 7 strands and each strand has 7 wires with a diameter of 0.885 mm. The uniaxial tensile tests are conducted at various loading rates and strain amplitudes to characterize the superelastic properties of the SMA cable and study the rate-dependent mechanical response of the SMA cable under dynamic loads. An optical digital image correlation measurement system and an infrared thermal imaging camera are employed to obtain the full-field strain and temperature fields. Potential applications of SMA cables in civil infrastructure applications are discussed and illustrated.
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Spinella, Igor, Eugenio Dragoni, and Francesco Stortiero. "Modelling, Prototype Construction and Testing of Helical Shape Memory Springs With Hollow Cross-Section." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1230.

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Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are used in many applications as actuators. The main drawbacks that limit the use of the SMAs in the field of micro-actuation are the low bandwidth and the unsatisfactory stroke. This paper contributes to enhancing the performances of SMA actuators by proposing a new SMA helical spring with hollow section. The hollow spring is modelled, then it is constructed and finally it is tested, comparing its performances with those of a spring with solid cross-section of equal stiffness and strength. Emptied of the inefficient material from its centre, the hollow spring features a lower mass (37% less) and an extremely lower cooling time (four times less). These results demonstrate that helical springs with hollow construction can be successfully exploited to realize SMA actuators with high bandwidth and stroke.
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Reports on the topic "Now SMS"

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Wise, Kiersten, Tom Allen, Febina Mathew, and Daren Mueller. Diagnosing Interveinal Chlorosis in Soybeans — it’s not just SDS. United States: Crop Protection Netework, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20190826-000.

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Gargan, Eric, Martina Lawless, Maria Martinez-Cillero, and Conor O'Toole. Exploring SME investment patterns in Ireland: New survey evidence. ESRI, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/qec2018aut_sa_otoole.

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Seager, M., and T. Beaudet. ALPHA SMP SYSTEM(S) Final Report CRADA No. TC-1404-97. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1406439.

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Fernandez-Guerrero, David. SME–University Collaboration in Non-metropolitan regions: A Multiple Case Study Analysis of How Collaborations Start and Unfold. Center for Higher Education Policy Studies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/4.2535-5686.2020.04.

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Kim, Jihyun, and Marjorie Wachowiak. Collaborative Instructor Team Approaches on a Market Positioning Project for a Non- Profit SME Retailer: Understanding from the Social Capital Theory. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-79.

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Davis, Paul M., Shangxing Gao, and Laura Borton. Analysis of Digital Teleseismic Array Data Collected in South Central Siberia and Northern Mongolia, GSN SKS Waves and S Waves from Lop Nor Nuclear Explosions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada387203.

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Hanna, Rema, Bridget Hoffmann, Paulina Oliva, and Jake Schneider. The Power of Perception: Limitations of Information in Reducing Air Pollution Exposure. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003392.

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We conduct a randomized controlled trial in Mexico City to determine willingness to pay (WTP) for SMS air quality alerts and to study the effects of air quality alerts, reminders, and a reusable N95 mask on air pollution information and avoidance behavior. At baseline, we elicit WTP for the alerts service after revealing whether the household will receive an N95 mask and participant compensation, but before revealing whether they will receive alert or reminder services. While we observe no significant impact of mask provision on WTP, higher compensation increases WTP, suggesting a possible cash-on-hand constraint. The perception of high pollution days prior to the survey is positively correlated with WTP, but the presence of actual high pollution days is not correlated with WTP. Follow-up survey data demonstrate that the alerts treatment increases reporting of receiving air pollution information via SMS, a high pollution day in the past week, and staying indoors on the most recent perceived high pollution day. However, we observe no significant effect on the ability to correctly identify which specific days had high pollution. Similarly, households that received an N95 mask are more likely to report utilizing a mask with filter in the past two weeks, but we observe no effect on using a filter mask on the specific days with high particulate matter. Although we nd that air quality alerts increased the salience of air quality and avoidance behavior, these results illustrate the difficulty that information treatments face in overcoming perceptions to effectively reduce exposure to air pollution.
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DiGrande, Laura, Christine Bevc, Jessica Williams, Lisa Carley-Baxter, Craig Lewis-Owen, and Suzanne Triplett. Pilot Study on the Experiences of Hurricane Shelter Evacuees. RTI Press, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.rr.0035.1909.

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Community members who evacuate to shelters may represent the most socially and economically vulnerable group within a hurricane’s affected geographic area. Disaster research has established associations between socioeconomic conditions and adverse effects, but data are overwhelmingly collected retrospectively on large populations and lack further explication. As Hurricane Florence approached North Carolina in September 2018, RTI International developed a pilot survey for American Red Cross evacuation shelter clients. Two instruments, an interviewer-led paper questionnaire and a short message service (SMS text) questionnaire, were tested. A total of 200 evacuees completed the paper survey, but only 34 participated in the SMS text portion of the study. Data confirmed that the sample represented very marginalized coastline residents: 60 percent were unemployed, 70 percent had no family or friends to stay with during evacuation, 65 percent could not afford to evacuate to another location, 36 percent needed medicine/medical care, and 11 percent were homeless. Although 19 percent of participants had a history of evacuating for prior hurricanes/disasters and 14 percent had previously utilized shelters, we observed few associations between previous experiences and current evacuation resources, behaviors, or opinions about safety. This study demonstrates that, for vulnerable populations exposed to storms of increasing intensity and frequency, traditional survey research methods are best employed to learn about their experiences and needs.
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Garsa, Adam, Julie K. Jang, Sangita Baxi, Christine Chen, Olamigoke Akinniranye, Owen Hall, Jody Larkin, Aneesa Motala, Sydne Newberry, and Susanne Hempel. Radiation Therapy for Brain Metasases. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer242.

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Objective. This evidence report synthesizes the available evidence on radiation therapy for brain metastases. Data sources. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL®, clinicaltrials.gov, and published guidelines in July 2020; assessed independently submitted data; consulted with experts; and contacted authors. Review methods. The protocol was informed by Key Informants. The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020168260). Two reviewers independently screened citations; data were abstracted by one reviewer and checked by an experienced reviewer. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies (for safety assessments), evaluating whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or in combination, as initial or postoperative treatment, with or without systemic therapy for adults with brain metastases due to non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma. Results. In total, 97 studies, reported in 190 publications, were identified, but the number of analyses was limited due to different intervention and comparator combinations as well as insufficient reporting of outcome data. Risk of bias varied; 25 trials were terminated early, predominantly due to poor accrual. Most studies evaluated WBRT, alone or in combination with SRS, as initial treatment; 10 RCTs reported on post-surgical interventions. The combination treatment SRS plus WBRT compared to SRS alone or WBRT alone showed no statistically significant difference in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 1.73; 4 RCTs; low strength of evidence [SoE]) or death due to brain metastases (relative risk [RR], 0.93; CI, 0.48 to 1.81; 3 RCTs; low SoE). Radiation therapy after surgery did not improve overall survival compared with surgery alone (HR, 0.98; CI, 0.76 to 1.26; 5 RCTs; moderate SoE). Data for quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects were insufficient to determine effects of WBRT, SRS, or post-surgical interventions. We did not find systematic differences across interventions in serious adverse events radiation necrosis, fatigue, or seizures (all low or moderate SoE). WBRT plus systemic therapy (RR, 1.44; CI, 1.03 to 2.00; 14 studies; moderate SoE) was associated with increased risks for vomiting compared to WBRT alone. Conclusion. Despite the substantial research literature on radiation therapy, comparative effectiveness information is limited. There is a need for more data on patient-relevant outcomes such as quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects.
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Dy, Sydney M., Arjun Gupta, Julie M. Waldfogel, Ritu Sharma, Allen Zhang, Josephine L. Feliciano, Ramy Sedhom, et al. Interventions for Breathlessness in Patients With Advanced Cancer. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer232.

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Objectives. To assess benefits and harms of nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions for breathlessness in adults with advanced cancer. Data sources. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, CINAHL®, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through early May 2020. Review methods. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies with a comparison group evaluating benefits and/or harms, and cohort studies reporting harms. Two reviewers independently screened search results, serially abstracted data, assessed risk of bias, and graded strength of evidence (SOE) for key outcomes: breathlessness, anxiety, health-related quality of life, and exercise capacity. We performed meta-analyses when possible and calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs). Results. We included 48 RCTs and 2 retrospective cohort studies (4,029 patients). The most commonly reported cancer types were lung cancer and mesothelioma. The baseline level of breathlessness varied in severity. Several nonpharmacological interventions were effective for breathlessness, including fans (SMD -2.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) -3.81 to -0.37]) (SOE: moderate), bilevel ventilation (estimated slope difference -0.58 [95% CI -0.92 to -0.23]), acupressure/reflexology, and multicomponent nonpharmacological interventions (behavioral/psychoeducational combined with activity/rehabilitation and integrative medicine). For pharmacological interventions, opioids were not more effective than placebo (SOE: moderate) for improving breathlessness (SMD -0.14 [95% CI -0.47 to 0.18]) or exercise capacity (SOE: moderate); most studies were of exertional breathlessness. Different doses or routes of administration of opioids did not differ in effectiveness for breathlessness (SOE: low). Anxiolytics were not more effective than placebo for breathlessness (SOE: low). Evidence for other pharmacological interventions was limited. Opioids, bilevel ventilation, and activity/rehabilitation interventions had some harms compared to usual care. Conclusions. Some nonpharmacological interventions, including fans, acupressure/reflexology, multicomponent interventions, and bilevel ventilation, were effective for breathlessness in advanced cancer. Evidence did not support opioids or other pharmacological interventions within the limits of the identified studies. More research is needed on when the benefits of opioids may exceed harms for broader, longer term outcomes related to breathlessness in this population.
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