Relevant bibliographies by topics / NOx precursors

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'NOx precursors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 15 February 2025
Last updated: 30 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "NOx precursors"

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Xu, Liting, Qilei Yang, Lihua Hu, et al. "Insights over Titanium Modified FeMgOx Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3: Influence of Precursors and Crystalline Structures." Catalysts 9, no. 6 (2019): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9060560.

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Titanium modified FeMgOx catalysts with different precursors were prepared by coprecipitation method with microwave thermal treatment. The iron precursor is a key factor affecting the surface active component. The catalyst using FeSO4 and Mg(NO3)2 as precursors exhibited enhanced catalytic activity from 225 to 400 °C, with a maximum NOx conversion of 100%. Iron oxides existed as γ-Fe2O3 in this catalyst. They exhibited highly enriched surface active oxygen and surface acidity, which were favorable for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reaction. Besides, it showed advantage in
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Morin, S., R. Sander та J. Savarino. "Simulation of the diurnal variations of the oxygen isotope anomaly (Δ<sup>17</sup>O) of reactive atmospheric species". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, № 12 (2010): 30405–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-30405-2010.

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Abstract. The isotope anomaly (Δ17O) of secondary atmospheric species such as nitrate (NO3−) or hydrogen peroxyde (H2O2) has potential to provide useful constrains on their formation pathways. Indeed, the Δ17O of their precursors (NOx, HOx etc.) differs and depends on their interactions with ozone, which is the main source of non-zero Δ17O in the atmosphere. Interpreting variations of Δ17O in secondary species requires an in-depth understanding of the Δ17O of their precursors taking into account non-linear chemical regimes operating under various environmental settings. We present results from
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SINHA, PRIYANKA, Siddharth Singh, and POOJA SAROJ. "Relationship of Surface Ozone (O3) with its precursors and meteorological parameters over New Delhi, India." MAUSAM 73, no. 4 (2022): 829–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v73i4.5510.

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In the present study, continuous measurements of Surface Ozone (O3), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx (NO+ NO2)), and carbon monoxide (CO), monitored at five different locations in Delhi National Capital Region have been studied for the period 2013 – 2019. The five monitoring locations used are namely IMD Lodi Road, IGI Airport Palam, CV Raman Dheerpur, CRRI Mathura Road, and NCMRWF Noida. The average hourly concentration of O3, NO, NO2, CO, NOx (NO + NO2), and OX(NO2 +O3) are found in the range of 32.44 ppb to 36.57 ppb, 19.46 to 28.09 ppb, 20.83 to 26.89 ppb,1.67 to 1.89 ppm,43.04 to 54.99 ppb, and 5
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Wang, Yujue, Min Hu, Yuchen Wang, et al. "The formation of nitro-aromatic compounds under high NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and anthropogenic VOC conditions in urban Beijing, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 11 (2019): 7649–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7649-2019.

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Abstract. Nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs), as important contributors to the light absorption by brown carbon, have been widely observed in various ambient atmospheres; however, their formation in the urban atmosphere was little studied. In this work, we report an intensive field study of NACs in summer 2016 at an urban Beijing site, characterized by both high-NOx and anthropogenic VOC dominated conditions. We investigated the factors that influence NAC formation (e.g., NO2, VOC precursors, RH and photolysis) through quantification of eight NACs, along with major components in fine particulate
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Holland, Rayne, Katya Seifert, Eric Saboya, M. Anwar H. Khan, Richard G. Derwent, and Dudley E. Shallcross. "Elucidating the Effects of COVID-19 Lockdowns in the UK on the O3-NOx-VOC Relationship." Atmosphere 15, no. 5 (2024): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15050607.

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The unprecedented reductions in anthropogenic emissions over the COVID-19 lockdowns were utilised to investigate the response of ozone (O3) concentrations to changes in its precursors across various UK sites. Ozone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOx (NO+NO2) data were obtained for a 3-year period encompassing the pandemic period (January 2019–December 2021), as well as a pre-pandemic year (2017), to better understand the contribution of precursor emissions to O3 fluctuations. Compared with pre-lockdown levels, NO and NO2 declined by up to 63% and 42%, respectively, over the lockdown pe
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Morin, S., R. Sander та J. Savarino. "Simulation of the diurnal variations of the oxygen isotope anomaly (Δ<sup>17</sup>O) of reactive atmospheric species". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, № 8 (2011): 3653–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3653-2011.

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Abstract. The isotope anomaly (Δ17O) of secondary atmospheric species such as nitrate (NO3−) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has potential to provide useful constrains on their formation pathways. Indeed, the Δ17O of their precursors (NOx, HOx etc.) differs and depends on their interactions with ozone, which is the main source of non-zero Δ17O in the atmosphere. Interpreting variations of Δ17O in secondary species requires an in-depth understanding of the Δ17O of their precursors taking into account non-linear chemical regimes operating under various environmental settings. This article reviews an
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Cheng, Shan, Kehui Yao, Hong Tian, Ting Yang, and Lianghui Chen. "Synergistic Catalytic Effects on Nitrogen Transformation during Biomass Pyrolysis: A Focus on Proline as a Model Compound." Molecules 29, no. 13 (2024): 3118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133118.

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To investigate the control mechanisms of NOx precursors and the synergistic effects of composite catalysts during proline pyrolysis, a systematic series of experiments was conducted utilizing composite catalysts with varying Fe-Ca ratios. Product distribution analysis was employed to elucidate the catalysts’ mechanisms in reducing NOx precursor emissions. The synergistic interactions between Fe and Ca were quantitatively assessed through comparative theoretical and experimental release calculations. The results indicate that an increase in the Fe content in the catalyst led to a rise in amine
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Marais, E. A., D. J. Jacob, J. L. Jimenez, et al. "Aqueous-phase mechanism for secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene: application to the Southeast United States and co-benefit of SO<sub>2</sub> emission controls." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 21 (2015): 32005–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-32005-2015.

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Abstract. Isoprene emitted by vegetation is an important precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but the mechanism and yields are uncertain. Aerosol is prevailingly aqueous under the humid conditions typical of isoprene-emitting regions. Here we develop an aqueous-phase mechanism for isoprene SOA formation coupled to a detailed gas-phase isoprene oxidation scheme. The mechanism is based on aerosol reactive uptake probabilities (γ) for water-soluble isoprene oxidation products, including sensitivity to aerosol acidity and nucleophile concentrations. We apply this mechanism to simulation o
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Schroeder, Jason R., Chenxia Cai, Jin Xu, et al. "Changing ozone sensitivity in the South Coast Air Basin during the COVID-19 period." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 19 (2022): 12985–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12985-2022.

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Abstract. The South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB), which includes the city of Los Angeles and is home to more than 15 million people, frequently experiences ozone (O3) levels that exceed ambient air quality standards. While strict regulation of O3 precursors has dramatically improved air quality over the past 50 years, the region has seen limited improvement in O3 over the past decade despite continued reductions in precursor emissions. One contributing factor to the recent lack of improvement is a gradual transition of the underlying photochemical environment from a VOC-limited regime (where VOC de
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Marais, E. A., D. J. Jacob, J. L. Jimenez, et al. "Aqueous-phase mechanism for secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene: application to the southeast United States and co-benefit of SO<sub>2</sub> emission controls." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 3 (2016): 1603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1603-2016.

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Abstract. Isoprene emitted by vegetation is an important precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but the mechanism and yields are uncertain. Aerosol is prevailingly aqueous under the humid conditions typical of isoprene-emitting regions. Here we develop an aqueous-phase mechanism for isoprene SOA formation coupled to a detailed gas-phase isoprene oxidation scheme. The mechanism is based on aerosol reactive uptake coefficients (γ) for water-soluble isoprene oxidation products, including sensitivity to aerosol acidity and nucleophile concentrations. We apply this mechanism to simulation of
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "NOx precursors"

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Choi, Yunsoo. "Spring to summer transitions of ozone and its precursors over North America and photochemistry over Antarctica." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06262007-144619/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.<br>Cunnold, Derek, Committee Member ; Nenes, Athanasios, Committee Member ; Black, Robert, Committee Member ; Russell, Armistead (Ted), Committee Member ; Wang, Yuhang, Committee Chair.
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Bertus, Thomas. "Devenir de l'azote lors de la combustion de biomasse dans le lit d'une chaudière à grille." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EMAC0013.

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La combustion de biomasse dans des chaudières industrielles à grille produit plusieurs espèces polluantes dont les oxydes d'azote, aussi appelés NOx. Ces molécules sont nocives pour l'environnement (causes de pluies acides, gaz à effet de serre). Ces polluants sont majoritairement formés par l'oxydation de l'azote initialement contenu dans la biomasse. La limitation de leurs émissions est donc un enjeu important dans le domaine de la combustion de biomasse. Pour y parvenir, le recours à la modélisation est courant. La chimie de l'azote en phase gaz est bien connue ; la modélisation du devenir
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Wei, Manqing. "Synthesis of Precursors to Non-isocyanate Polyurethanes." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29167.

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Biobased diamines are excellent precursors for the synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs). We have prepared several biobased diamines using three different reactions for their synthesis. In the first method, we have carried out chain elongation of cellulose-derived 2,5-diformylfuran by the Henry reaction followed by reduction of the nitroalkene. Yields of the key step: Hantzsch Ester reduction, were 70-80%. Method two involves the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of furfurylamine with different ketones under acidic conditions. Yields of large-scale alkylation reaction were 60-77%. In meth
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Jiang, Yuan. "Precursor phases in non-classical crystallization." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5246/.

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The main objective of this thesis is to understand molecular crystallization as a multistep process with or without polymeric additives, including transient liquid-liquid phase separation, nanocrystal nucleation within the dense phase, and subsequent nanocrystal self-assembly or self-organization in sequence. The thesis starts with a quaternary model system, containing DL-Glutamic acid (Glu), polyethyleneimine (PEI), water, and EtOH, for the understanding of multistep precipitation of Glu with PEI as an additive. The experiments were performed by mixing Glu-PEI aqueous solution with a non-solv
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Redshaw, Carl. "Oxo and organoimido precursors for non-aqueous polytungstate synthesis." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328135.

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Specchia, Michael. "Precursori non statistici di previsione dei terremoti." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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I terremoti sono considerati una delle peggiori calamità naturali a causa del loro enorme impatto sulle vite e proprietà. La loro bassa prevedibilità è dovuta alla complessità del fenomeno e dall’impossibilità di accesso all’osservazione diretta della sorgente e dal parametro dello stress che non può essere misurato direttamente. Inoltre, la causalità, l’origine in faglie sconosciute e l’insorgere non sempre costante di eventuali precursori rendono il lavoro ancora più difficile. Di conseguenza, l’elevata incertezza associata alle loro previsioni, nonostante la grande quantità di dati sperimen
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Wolf, Stefan Leo Philipp [Verfasser]. "Liquid Precursors in Non-Classical Crystallization / Stefan Leo Philipp Wolf." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1188564587/34.

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Junior, Mario Godinho. "Síntese e caracterização do BIMEVOX pelo método dos precursores poliméricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-20082015-165222/.

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As cerâmicas do tipo BIMEVOX, onde ME= metal dopante com estequiometria Bi4Me2xV2(1-x)Ox(11-3x), são conhecidas como eletrólitos sólidos e a utilização destes materiais está voltada principalmente para dispositivos como: sensores de oxigênio, células de combustíveis, conversão de energia, baterias e dispositivos associados à condução iônica. Dada a dificuldade de obter-se materiais policristalinos de alta densidade, buscou-se o método dos precursores poliméricos para obter-se um pó com maior área superficial específica e, consequentemente aumentar a densificação, para melhorar assim a condutiv
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Boniol, Paul. "Detection of anomalies and identification of their precursors in large data series collections." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5206.

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Les larges collections de séries temporelles deviennent une réalité dans un grand nombre de domaines scientifiques et sociaux, comme la finance, les sciences de l’environnement, l’astrophysique, les neurosciences, l’ingénierie ou les métiers du numérique. Il y a donc un intérêt et un besoin de plus en plus importants de développer des techniques efficaces pour analyser et traiter ce type de données. De manière informelle, une série temporelle est une séquence ordonnée de points ou de valeurs. Une fois les séries collectées et disponibles, les utilisateurs ont souvent besoin de les étudier pour
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Tse, Erin. "The role of amyloid precursor protein in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines." Thesis, Aston University, 2015. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/27532/.

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Models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have provided useful insights into the pathogenesis and mechanistic pathways that lead to its development. One emerging idea about AD is that it may be described as a hypometabolic disorder due to the reduction of glucose uptake in AD brains. Inappropriate processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is considered central to the initiation and progression of the disease. Although the exact role of APP misprocessing is unclear, it may play a role in neuronal metabolism before the onset of neurodegeneration. To investigate the potential role of APP in neuronal
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Books on the topic "NOx precursors"

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Moore, Kenneth. Alternative fire extinguishing agents: Non-violatile precursors to olefinic bromofluorocarbons. Toxics Use Reduction Institute, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1993.

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A, Reckhow David, AWWA Research Foundation, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency., eds. Long-term variability of BDOM and NOM as precursors in watershed sources. Awwa Research Foundation, 2007.

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Crawford, Alec. Alternative fire extinguishing agents: Non-volatile precursors to olefinic bromofluorocarbons : final report. Toxics Use Reduction Institute. University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1994.

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Curinga, Luisa, and Marco Rapetti, eds. Skrjabin e il Suono-Luce. Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-807-5.

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Skrjabin, figura eccentrica nel panorama musicale di inizio secolo, ha spesso suscitato tanto i più accesi entusiasmi quanto le critiche più feroci. Importanti ricerche effettuate negli ultimi decenni in Italia e all’estero hanno tuttavia condotto a una visione più equilibrata dell’uomo e della sua opera. I contributi ospitati nel presente volume provengono in buona parte dal convegno Svetozvuk, il ‘Suono-Luce’ (Conservatorio Cherubini di Firenze, 2015), e intendono apportare un tassello significativo agli studi skrjabiniani affrontando tematiche diverse e complementari. Lo sfaccettato caleido
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Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. Amerigo: The man who gave his name to America. Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2008.

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Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. Amerigo: The man who gave his name to America. Random House, 2007.

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Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. Amerigo: The man who gave his name to America. Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2008.

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Rees, Paula L., Klaus Nusslein, Gladys Makdissy, Greg Devine, and David A. Reckhow. Long-Term Variability of BDOM and NOM as Precursors in Watershed Sources. American Water Works Association, 2007.

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Long-Term Variability of BDOM and NOM As Precursors in Watershed Sources. IWA Publishing, 2008.

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Deegan, Patrick. Porphyria. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0179.

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This chapter discusses six diseases caused by inborn errors of metabolism affecting the biosynthesis of haem. Haem is a tetracyclic metal-binding compound involved in oxygen transport (in haemoglobin and myoglobin) and redox reactions (e.g. in the cytochrome P450 system). Each of these conditions is caused by a single gene defect in one of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of haem. Inheritance is usually autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance. The enzyme defect results in disease, not as a result of deficiency of the reaction product, but as a result of accumulation of precursors
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Book chapters on the topic "NOx precursors"

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Verma, Nidhi, Anita Lakhani, and K. Maharaj Kumari. "Surface O3 and Its Precursors (NOx, CO, BTEX) at a Semi-arid Site in Indo-Gangetic Plain: Characterization and Variability." In Urban Air Quality Monitoring, Modelling and Human Exposure Assessment. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5511-4_9.

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Wang, Chi-Yuen, and Michael Manga. "Hydrologic Precursors." In Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64308-9_13.

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AbstractPredicting earthquakes is a long-desired goal. The main challenge is to identify precursory signals that reliably predict the impending earthquake. Since hydrological and hydrogeochemical properties and processes can be very sensitive to minute strains, the hope is that measurements from hydrological systems might record precursory rock deformation that would otherwise be undetectable. Of the many hundreds of studies, we review a subset to illustrate how signals can be challenging to interpret and highlight questions raised by observations—examples come from China, Japan, Taiwan, India
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Zha, Xian-Hu, Jie Zhou, Per Eklund, Xiaojing Bai, Shiyu Du, and Qing Huang. "Non-MAX Phase Precursors for MXenes." In 2D Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes). Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19026-2_4.

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Nishimura, Toshiyuki, S. Ishihara, Yoshiki Yoshioka, and Hidehiko Tanaka. "Synthesis of Non-Oxide Ceramic Fine-Powders from Organic Precursors." In SiAlONs and Non-oxides. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908454-00-x.269.

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Goossens, W. R. A., and J. B. H. F. van Rensbergen. "Krypton-85, a Minor Greenhouse Gas Precursor." In Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Why and How to Control? Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0982-6_26.

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Mikami, Yoshiki. "Non-Human-Papillomavirus (HPV)-Related Adenocarcinomas and Their Precursors." In Pathology of the Cervix. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51257-0_9.

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Roy, Amrita, Titash Mondal, Kinsuk Naskar, and Anil K. Bhowmick. "Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene from Non-Conventional Precursors." In Graphene-Rubber Nanocomposites. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003200444-3.

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Sugahara, Yoshiyuki, Hiroaki Nakashima, Seiichi Koyama, and Yusuke Mori. "Preparation of Precursors for Aluminum Nitride-Based Ceramic Composites from Cage-Type and Cyclic Building Blocks." In SiAlONs and Non-oxides. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908454-00-x.249.

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Gershon, Michael D., Gladys Teitelman, and Taube P. Rothman. "Development of Enteric Neurons from Non-Recognizable Precursor Cells." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 83 - Development of the Autonomic Nervous System. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720653.ch3.

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Murphy, Gillian M. "From Precursor to Cancer: Field Cancerization and the Opportunities for Therapy." In Non-Surgical Treatment of Keratinocyte Skin Cancer. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79341-0_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "NOx precursors"

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Binford, M. S., and P. R. Hart. "The Impact of Desalting Opportunity Crudes on Corrosion Precursors." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95343.

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Abstract Processing of lower cost “opportunity” crudes has become common practice among U.S. refiners. These cheaper crudes, however, in many cases do not come without higher associated processing costs. Several refiners have documented higher than expected chlorides in their atmospheric tower overhead systems when processing opportunity crudes. These high chlorides increase corrosion potential, elevate chemical treatment costs and, in severe cases, cause system failure and/or serious product contamination concerns. Traditional methods to measure crude quality (salt content) have in some cases
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Hall, Asha, Mulugeta Haile, Robert Haynes, Michael Coatney, and Jin Yoo. "Structural Health Sensing of Damage Precursors using Magnetostrictive Particles Embedded in Composite Structures." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9639.

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Over the last two decades, tremendous progress has been made in structural health monitoring (SHM) using various sensing techniques such as acoustic emission, eddy current, strain gages, to diagnose damage in aerospace, mechanical and civil infrastructures. Despite this progress, there are still many challenges to address in SHM. Among these challenges is detection of precursors to matrix cracking, fiber/matrix debonding, and delamination. Magnetostrictive smart materials such as Terfenol-D (Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.92) (Etrema Products Inc., IA, USA) have proven useful as non-contact strain sensors usin
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Baali, Ilias, Charles Johnson, Dimitri Mavris, and Alexia Payan. "Identification of Dynamic Rollover Precursors for Enhanced Helicopter Flight Data Monitoring (HFDM) Applications." In Vertical Flight Society 81st Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-146.

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Dynamic rollovers represent a major hazard for helicopters during near-ground operations, often resulting in significant aircraft damage and passenger injuries. To improve safety in operations, recent studies have focused on developing a Helicopter Flight Data Monitoring framework to provide data-driven insights on operational safety. This work contributes to that effort by proposing an approach to identify precursors to dynamic rollovers. According to NTSB reports, approximately 60% of such incidents occur during in-flight phases like hover, hover-taxi, or landing. To capture the complex non-
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Mastrovito, Marco, Antonio Ferrante, Sergio M. Camporeale, Federico Bonzani, and Rosanna Ninni. "Opto-Acoustical Flame Monitoring of CCGT: Searching for Humming Precursors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27876.

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Modern gas turbines are prone to trigger and sustain pressure oscillations induced by heat release in their combustor; these oscillations, called humming, can cause severe damage on the machine structure, or, on a less detrimental level, can limit gas turbine performance from load point of view or NOx emissions, increasing their concentration in flue gas. Thermoacoustic oscillation problem, although deeply investigated during the last 15 years, is far from being solved, so that both theoretical and experimental approaches are being used in order to improve basic knowledge of this phenomenon. W
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Han, X., and S. K. Aggarwal. "A Numerical Investigation on Counterflow Flames of Biodiesel/Diesel Surrogate Blends." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95718.

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There is significant interest in increasing the use of biodiesel fuels especially by blending them with petroleum diesel. Biodiesels typically consist of long-chain saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons along with an alkyl (methyl, ethyl or butyl) ester functional group. Previous studies have demonstrated that the combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuels are mostly determined by the hydrocarbon chain length and the number and location of unsaturated bonds in their molecular structure. The present study aims to characterize the combustion and emission behavior of biodiesel/di
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Paraschiv, Spiru. "ANALYSIS OF URBAN TRAFFIC POLLUTION UNDER SUMMER AND WINTER CONDITIONS." In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2023/s14.61.

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Urban pollution caused by traffic has become a global issue in recent years. Urban pollution is significantly influenced by weather conditions, and the study examines the impact of meteorological parameters such as temperature, solar radiation, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed on the pollution levels of O3, NO, NO2, NOx, and SO2 in summer compared to winter. During summer, the average concentration of O3 is higher than in winter, while the average concentrations of NO2, NO, NOx, which are precursors to ozone formation, are lower than in winter. However, the concentration of
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Rohkamp, Marius, Alexander Rabl, Benedikt Gündling, et al. "Detailed Gaseous and Particulate Emissions of an Allison 250-C20B Turboshaft Engine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2023-101273.

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Abstract Aviation is known to be one of the most significant contributors to air pollutants. This includes gaseous emissions, like carbon-dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), and also particulate matter (PM), especially in the form of soot. This study conducted emission measurements on an Allison 250-C20B turboshaft engine operating on Jet A-1 fuel with a focus on gaseous compounds (e.g. ozone precursors) and PM, regarding their number and mass concentration. The different engine loading points were chosen based on the percentage thrust ratios of the International Civil Aviation Organizati
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Riebl, Sebastian, Marina Braun-Unkhoff, and Uwe Riedel. "A Study on the Emissions of Alternative Aviation Fuels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57361.

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Currently, the aviation sector is seeking for alternatives to kerosene from crude oil, as part of the efforts combating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, in particular carbon dioxide (CO2), and ensuring security of supply at affordable prices. Several synthetic jet fuels have been developed including sustainable bio-kerosene, a low-carbon fuel. Over the last years, the technical feasibility as well as the compatibility of alternative jet fuels with today’s planes has been proven However, when burning a jet fuel, the exhaust gases are a mixture of many species, going be
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Prakash, Shashvat, Yedidia Neumeier, and Ben T. Zinn. "Blowout Margin Estimation Based on Two Precursor Types." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27874.

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Lean, premixed combustion has been aggressively pursued in recent years because it offers a practical approach for reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from gas turbines. However, lean premixed flames pose a greater risk of blowout. Studies on swirl and dump stabilized flames have shown that as a flame approaches blowout, distinctive precursors occur, such as pockets of localized extinctions and brief flame shape transitions to a thin ‘tornado’ configuration. For this study, both precursor types are detected using separate, dedicated optical sensors. Observations indicate that the torna
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Durocher, Antoine, Jiayi Wang, Gilles Bourque, and Jeffrey M. Bergthorson. "Impact of Boundary Condition and Kinetic Parameter Uncertainties on NOx Predictions in Methane-Air Stagnation Flame Experiments." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59404.

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Abstract A comprehensive understanding of uncertainty sources in experimental measurements is required to develop robust thermochemical models for use in industrial applications. Due to the complexity of the combustion process in gas turbine engines, simpler flames are generally used to study fundamental combustion properties and measure concentrations of important species to validate and improve modelling. Stable, laminar flames have increasingly been used to study nitrogen oxide (NOx) formation in lean-to-rich compositions in low-to-high pressures to assess model predictions and improve accu
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Reports on the topic "NOx precursors"

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Soloviev, Vladimir, Andrii Bielinskyi, and Viktoria Solovieva. Entropy Analysis of Crisis Phenomena for DJIA Index. [б. в.], 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3179.

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The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index for the 125-year-old (since 1896) history has experienced many crises of different nature and, reflecting the dynamics of the world stock market, is an ideal model object for the study of quantitative indicators and precursors of crisis phenomena. In this paper, the classification and periodization of crisis events for the DJIA index have been carried out; crashes and critical events have been highlighted. Based on the modern paradigm of the theory of complexity, a spectrum of entropy indicators and precursors of crisis phenomena have been proposed
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Rouseff, Russell L., and Michael Naim. Characterization of Unidentified Potent Flavor Changes during Processing and Storage of Orange and Grapefruit Juices. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585191.bard.

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Citrus juice flavor quality traditionally diminishes after thermal processing and continuously during storage. Our prior studies found that four of the five most potent off-aromas formed during orange juice storage had not been identified. The primary emphasis of this project was to characterize and identify those potent flavor degrading aroma volatiles so that methods to control them could be developed and final flavor quality improved. Our original objectives included: 1 Isolate and characterize the most important unidentified aroma impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization and s
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Moderski, R. Soft X-ray Precursors of the Non-Thermal Flares in Blazars - Theoretical Predictions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826919.

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Ampornaramveth, Ruchanee. IL-1β mediate cementoblasts and osteoclast precursors interaction. Chulalongkorn University, 2016. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2016.17.

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An injury of the periodontium followed by an inflammatory response often leads to root resorption. Resorption is accomplished by osteoclasts and their generation may depend on an interaction with the cells in direct contact with the root, the cementoblasts. Our study aimed to investigate the role of human cementoblasts in the formation of osteoclasts and the effect of IL-1β hereupon. Extracted teeth from healthy volunteers were subjected to sequential digestion by type I collagenase and trypsin. The effect of enzymatic digestion on the presence of cells on the root surface was analyzed by hist
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Hok, Saphon. Synthesis of SHAL and SHAL Precursor Standard, CRADA No. TC02174.0. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1330797.

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Hok, S., and R. Balhorn. Synthesis of SHAL and SHAL Precursor Standard, CRADA No. TC02174.0. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1773580.

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Singh, Anjali. Amino Acids: Building Blocks of Proteins. ConductScience, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/cs20220612.

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Amino acids are essential organic compounds serving as protein building blocks. Recognized for their biological roles, they underpin proteins' structure and interactions. Classified by polarity and nutritional necessity, essential amino acids, not synthesized by the body, include histidine, leucine, lysine, and more, while non-essential ones are produced internally. These molecules exhibit diverse functions, from neurotransmitter precursor synthesis to immune support. Industries leverage amino acids in animal feed, artificial sweeteners, flavor enhancers, and drug manufacturing, highlighting t
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Santander Muñoz, Margareth, Jader Rodríguez Cortina, Fabrice Vaillant, and Sebastian Escobar Parra. Correlación entre los fenómenos que gobiernan la transformación poscosecha del cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) y la formación del sabor y aroma en el chocolate. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2016.11.

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La transformación de las semillas de cacao no ha sido investigada de manera controlada en función de su optimización. Su estudio permitiría conocer las condiciones más favorables para que se generen los precursores claves que iniciden en la formación del flavor en el chocolate. El objetivo de este fue correlacionar el posible efecto de fenómenos asociados a la transformación de las semillas de cacao, sobre atributos de calidad en el chocolate
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Bielinskyi, Andrii O., Serhii V. Hushko, Andriy V. Matviychuk, et al. Irreversibility of financial time series: a case of crisis. Криворізький державний педагогічний університет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/6975.

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The focus of this study to measure the varying irreversibility of stock markets. A fundamental idea of this study is that financial systems are complex and nonlinear systems that are presented to be non-Gaussian fractal and chaotic. Their complexity and different aspects of nonlinear properties, such as time irreversibility, vary over time and for a long-range of scales. Therefore, our work presents approaches to measure the complexity and irreversibility of the time series. To the presented methods we include Guzik’s index, Porta’s index, Costa’s index, based on complex networks measures, Mul
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Gould, Melissa, Bill Bruce, Chris Alexander, and Michael Rosenfeld. PR-186-224500-R01 Assessment of Non-Welded Pipeline Repair Methods to Reduce Pipeline Blowdowns. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0000066.

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Non-welded repairs, such as fiber-reinforced composite systems and clamps with elastomer seals, may degrade over the life of the pipeline. As pipelines get older, it is important to evaluate the available repair options, and those currently installed, for continued service. This project explored the degradation associated with these non-welded repairs and provides practical guidance on how to assess, limit, or extend their service life. This will facilitate a reduction in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from a potential leak of a non-welded/temporary repair, allowing operators to either plan fo
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