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Journal articles on the topic 'Nox reduction using urea'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Venugopal, A., Kumar. J. Sathish, and Kumar. A. Satish. "Performance and Optimization of Nox Reduction by Urea Spray Formation in SI Engines." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 3 (2018): 1552–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3577795.

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Exhaust contains environmentally harmful pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen NOx and particulate matter PM .In order to control these exhaust pollutants engine after treatment technologies are being used in diesel engines. A urea selective catalytic reduction SCR is one of the promising after treatment devices for the abatement of exhaust emissions, particularly for NOx pollutants. The basic principal of emission reducing systems is to reduce the NOx pollutants by ammonia formed from urea. This project aims to analyse the NOx emissions from a petrol engine equipped with a Urea catalytic conv

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2

Park, Poong-Mo, Young-Kwon Park, and Jong-In Dong. "Reaction Characteristics of NOx and N2O in Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Using Various Reducing Agents and Additives." Atmosphere 12, no. 9 (2021): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091175.

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Artificial nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions due to the combustion of fossil fuels constitute more than 75% of the total NOx emissions. Given the continuous reinforcement of NOx emission standards worldwide, the development of environmentally and economically friendly NOx reduction techniques has attracted much attention. This study investigates the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of NOx by methane, ammonia, and urea in the presence of sodium carbonate and methanol and the concomitant generation of N2O. In addition, the SNCR mechanism is explored using a chemical modeling software (CHEMK

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3

Kusaka, J., M. Sueoka, K. Takada, Y. Ohga, T. Nagasaki, and Y. Daisho. "A basic study on a urea-selective catalytic reduction system for a medium-duty diesel engine." International Journal of Engine Research 6, no. 1 (2005): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x7310.

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NOx conversion performance of a urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system comprising V2O5/TiO2 catalyst under steady state operating conditions of an 8-litre, common-rail turbo direct injection (TDI) diesel engine was investigated. It was shown that the urea-SCR system achieves 70–90 per cent NOx conversion under medium and high load conditions at 1440 r/min and that NOx conversion is low under low load conditions because of the low catalyst temperatures and the NO/NO2 ratio being higher than unity. It was also shown that NOx conversion exceeds 90 per cent when the catalyst temperature i

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4

Natarajan, R. Sheshathri, Kamesh, and Alagumalai Avinash. "Study of the Emission Characteristics of the SCR System on CI Engine Fuelled with Diesel-Ethanol Blends and an Optimised Urea Injection System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 812 (November 2015): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.812.33.

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The objective of this work is to determine the maximum reduction of NOx emissions by varying the concentrations of urea solution with a reduction catalyst, and optimization of the urea injection by the evaporation of the solution, using the CFD-Fluent solver. An aqueous solution of urea was injected in the engine exhaust pipe for reducing NOx emissions, in a single cylinder light duty, stationary, four stroke, air cooled DI diesel engine, fuelled with neat diesel and diesel-ethanol blends (10%). The concentration of the urea solution was varied from 30 to 35% by weight with constant flow rates

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5

Kowshik Dhev, M., R. Sheshathri, Alagumalai Avinash, and S. Natarajan. "Experimental Study on NO_x Reduction in CI Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel (Cotton Seed Methyl Ester Blends) Using Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System with Anova Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.712.

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An experimental investigation was conducted to analyse the performance and exhaust emissions of Kirloskar AV-I Compression ignited air cooled engine fuelled with diesel and cotton seed oil blends (80% of diesel and 20% of cotton seed biodiesel).Experiments were conducted at various concentration of urea solutions ranging from 30 to 35% at a constant flow rate of 0.75 litres per hour. The results indicated that urea injection with titanium dioxide as selective catalyst in the exhaust pipe caused a 47.9% of NOx reduction for diesel at full load condition and at a constant flow rate of 0.75lit/hr

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6

Dr.N., Janardhan*. "REDUCTION OF NOx LEVELS IN DIESEL ENGINE WITH JATROPHA OIL USING SELECTIVE CATALYTIC TECHNIQUE ." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 1 (2018): 225–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1135985.

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The anaerobic treatment of wastewater has contributed to the field of environmental protection. Complex Experiments were studied to study the percentage reduction of NOx levels in conventional engine with jatropha oil with varied injection pressure at recommended injection timing and compared with conventional diesel engine. The NOx levels were studies at various values of BMEP. The effect of other parameters like void ratio, catalyst temperature, space velocity on nitrogen oxides in the exhaust was also studied. The NOx emission levels were controlled by means of selective catalytic reduction

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7

Chen, Xu, Changhai Ma, Quanli Dou, Shuzhan Bai, Ke Sun, and Zhenguo Li. "Diesel Engine Urea Injection Optimization Based on the Crested Porcupine Optimizer and Genetic Algorithm." Applied Sciences 15, no. 9 (2025): 5195. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095195.

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As a major emission pollutant from diesel engines, NOx is extremely harmful to the environment and human health. In order to reduce NOx emissions, countries around the world have been implementing increasingly stringent emissions regulations. The urea injection strategies of the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system are the main factors affecting NOx emissions and NH3 slips of diesel engines. In this study, test data were obtained from an engine test stand and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) was developed using the test data to predict NOx conversion efficiency and NH3 slip. The SVM model

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8

Mahmood, A., M. T. Javed, N. Irfan, A. Hamid, and K. Waheed. "ASSESSMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOME NOVEL NOX REDUCING REAGENTS FOR SNCR PROCESS." Nucleus 46, no. 3 (2020): 205–11. https://doi.org/10.71330/nucleus.46.03.947.

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Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are one of the most hazardous air pollutants arising from the combustion processes. Because of the implementation of strict emission limits many NOx removal technologies have been developed. In the present work post combustion NOx removal technique that is Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) has been investigated in a pilot scale 150 kW combustion rig facility. Investigation has been performed using some novel NOx reducing reagents like urea, ammonium carbonate and mixture of their 50%-50% aqueous solution within the temperature range of 700 to 1200 o C, at 1.1% exce

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9

Hamid, A., M. A. Mehmood, N. Irfan, M. T. Javed, and K. Waheed. "EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND INJECTOR POSITION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF NOX REDUCTION BY SELECTIVE NON CATALYTIC REDUCTION TECHNIQUE." Nucleus 46, no. 3 (2020): 213–18. https://doi.org/10.71330/nucleus.46.03.948.

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An experimental investigation has been performed to study the effect of atomizer pressure dilution of the reducing reagent and the injector position on the efficiency or the NOx reduction by a selective non-catalytic reduction technique using urea as a reducing agent. Experiments were performed with a flow reactor in which flue gas was generated by the combustion of methane in air at stoichiometric amount of oxygen and the desired levels of initial NOx (400-450 ppm) were achieved by doping the flame with ammonia. The work was directed to investigate the effect of atomizer pressure, dilution of

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10

Wardana, Muhammad Khristamto Aditya, Kwangchul Oh, and Ocktaeck Lim. "Investigation of Urea Uniformity with Different Types of Urea Injectors in an SCR System." Catalysts 10, no. 11 (2020): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111269.

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Heavy-duty diesel engines in highway use account for more than 40% of total particulate and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions around the world. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a method with effective results to reduce this problem. This research deals with problems in the urea evaporation process and ammonia gas distribution in an SCR system. The studied system used two types of urea injectors to elucidate the quality of ammonia uniformity in the SCR system, and a 12,000-cc heavy-duty diesel engine was used for experimentation to reduce NOx in the system. The uniformity of the generated qu

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11

Wardana, Muhammad Khristamto Aditya, and Ocktaeck Lim. "Investigation of Solid Deposit Inside L-Type Urea Injector and NOx Conversion in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine." Catalysts 11, no. 5 (2021): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11050595.

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The heavy-duty diesel engine is used in the main transportation vehicles in Korea to deliver products from various companies; however, diesel engines produce enormous quantities of nitrogen oxide (NOx), which harms human health. The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is a common solution to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engines; however, heavy-duty diesel engines produce more NOx than can be dealt with using an SCR and thus require investigations into effective NOx reduction solutions. This study investigated 12,000 cc heavy-duty diesel engines from Hyundai using the 1000 rpm engine

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12

Mehdi, Ghazanfar, Song Zhou, Yuanqing Zhu, Ahmer Shah, and Kishore Chand. "Numerical Investigation of SCR Mixer Design Optimization for Improved Performance." Processes 7, no. 3 (2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7030168.

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The continuous increase in the number of stringent exhaust emission legislations of marine Diesel engines had led to a decrease in NOx emissions at the required level. Selective catalyst reduction (SCR) is the most prominent and mature technology used to reduce NOx emissions. However, to obtain maximum NOx removal with minimum ammonia slip remains a challenge. Therefore, new mixers are designed in order to obtain the maximum SCR efficiency. This paper reports performance parameters such as uniformity of velocity, ammonia uniformity distribution, and temperature distribution. Also, a numerical

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13

Ruszak, Monika, Marek Inger, Marcin Wilk, et al. "The application of RANS CFD for design of SNCR technology for a pulverized coal-fired boiler." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 19, no. 2 (2017): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2017-0035.

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Abstract The article describes the technology of NOx emission abatement by SNCR method. The scope of research included CDF simulations as well as design and construction of the pilot plant and tests of NOx reduction by urea in the plant located in industrial pulverized-coal fired boiler. The key step of research was to determine the appropriate temperature window for the SNCR process. The proposed solution of the location of injection lances in the combustion chamber enabled to achieve over a 30% reduction of NOx. It is possible to achieve higher effectiveness of the proposed SNCR technology a

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14

Jeong, Seokhoon, Hoonmyung Kim, Hyunjun Kim, Ohyun Kwon, Eunyong Park, and Jeongho Kang. "Optimization of the Urea Injection Angle and Direction: Maximizing the Uniformity Index of a Selective Catalytic Reduction System." Energies 14, no. 1 (2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010157.

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The uniformity of ammonia is very crucial for reducing the NOX emissions in a selective catalytic reduction system since the uniformity highly affects the chemical reaction between the ammonia and NOX emission. However, increasing ammonia uniformity in a short time period while injecting a urea solution is not a trivial task. Therefore, in this study, the uniformity of various urea injector designs is compared and an optimal design for the urea injector angle and direction is selected. The uniformity index (UI) was calculated using numerical analysis and compared with experimental result to ac

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15

Quissek, Max, Uladzimir Budziankou, Sebastian Pollak, and Thomas Lauer. "CFD Simulation of SCR Systems Using a Mass-Fraction-Based Impingement Model." Fluids 8, no. 8 (2023): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids8080216.

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are an essential tool for the development of diesel engine aftertreatment systems using selective catalytic reduction (SCR) to reduce nitrous oxides (NOx). In urea-based SCR, liquid urea–water solution (UWS) is injected into the hot exhaust gas, where it transforms into gaseous ammonia. This ammonia serves as a reducing agent for NOx. CFD simulations are used to predict the ammonia distribution in the exhaust gas at the catalyst inlet. The goal is to achieve the highest possible uniformity to realize homogeneous NOx reduction across the catalyst cross section

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16

Chou, Chih Cheng, Chia Jui Chiang, Yong Yuan Ku, and Chih Chieh Chen. "Reliability Test of a Rule-Based SCR Control Strategy for Cleaner Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine using Biodiesel Blend." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.903.

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A rule-based SCR control strategy is developed for a 5% biodiesel fueled heavy-diesel engine. The control objective is to reduce the tail-pipe NOx emission while minimizing the urea dosage in a reliable fashion. A total of 32 runs of experimental test in ESC and ETC driving modes are conducted to demonstrate the performance and reliability of the rule-based control strategy. Average NOx reduction rates of 78.5% and 60% are achieved for the ESC and ETC tests respectively. In the mean time, the average urea dosage is 160 gram for the ESC tests and 0.49 % of the fuel consumption for the ETC tests

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17

Michaliková, Kristýna, Jan Hrdlička, Matěj Vodička, Pavel Skopec, Jitka Jeníková, and Lukáš Pilař. "Experimental verification of the efficiency of selective non-catalytic reduction in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor." Acta Polytechnica 62, no. 3 (2022): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2022.62.0361.

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Controlling nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions is still a challenge as increasingly stringent emission limits are introduced. Strict regulations will lead to the need to introduce secondary measures even for boilers with bubbling fluidized bed (BFB), which are generally characterized by low NOX emissions. Selective non-catalytic reduction has lower investment costs compared to other secondary measures for NOX reduction, but the temperatures for its efficient utilization are difficult to achieve in BFBs. This paper studies the possibility of an effective application of selective non-catalytic reduc

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18

Jibhkate, Kuldeep Vinodkumar, V. W. Khond, Rajendra Kadu, and S. Deshmukh. "Experimental Investigation of SCR System for Nox Reduction Using Waste Urea Based Organic Fluid." International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science 5, no. 11 (2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46335/ijies.2020.5.11.9.

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19

Hosoya, Mitsuru, Shinya Sato, and Koichi Machida. "The Study of NOx Reduction Using Urea SCR for a Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2004.7 (2004): 413–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2004.7.0_413.

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20

da Silva Souza, Danielle, Gabriel Martins Fernandes, Barbara Cristina Dias, José Roberto Stefanelli Junior, Rodrigo Sequinel, and João Flávio da Silveira Petruci. "A Green Analytical Methodology for Detecting Adulteration in Automotive Urea-SCR Products Using Microfluidic-Paper Analytical Devices." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (2022): 3363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063363.

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The application of urea-based selective catalytic reduction products (i.e., Urea-SCR) provides a reduction of NOx and, therefore, minimizes pollution emissions from vehicles fueled by diesel. Such products can be easily found in the market; however, they are often susceptible to adulteration, mainly in terms of the urea content and dilution with non-mineralized water. In this study, we propose a simple, low-cost, disposable, and straightforward paper-based microfluidic device for the quality-control of Urea-SCR products for the first time by quantifying urea and water hardness simultaneously v

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21

Świrski, Konrad, Łukasz Śladewski, Konrad Wojdan, and Xianyong Peng. "Immunological AI Optimizer Deployment in a 330 MW Lignite-Fired Unit for NOx Abatement." Energies 18, no. 12 (2025): 3032. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123032.

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This study presents an advanced NOx reduction strategy for a 330 MW lignite-fired boiler using an immunological AI system: the SILO (Stochastic Immune Layer Optimizer) combustion optimizer inspired by artificial immune systems. The immunological AI optimizer adaptively models multi-variable interactions and fireball shape in real time, optimizing fuel–air mixing to reduce NOx formation at the source. Unlike reactive secondary methods, the combustion optimizer reshapes the combustion process to reduce emissions while improving efficiency. Real-time temperature data from the AGAM acoustic system

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Hwang, Dongyoung, Gyeong Ho Han, and Sang Hyun Ahn. "Research about Cu-Zn Catalysts for Urea Synthesis Depending on Structure Difference." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 62 (2024): 4222. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02624222mtgabs.

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As the global population increases, there’s a growing demand for crops, leading to increased nitrogen fertilizers. In particular, urea (CO(NH3)2) accounts for over 70% of the world's nitrogen fertilizers, highlighting the importance of its production. Urea is typically produced through the Bosch–Meiser process, involving the reaction of CO2 and NH3 under harsh conditions (>180 ℃, ~150 bar). This process consumes significant energy and emits CO2 and NOx. In contrast, electrochemical urea synthesis offers a sustainable alternative when using renewable electricity from wind or solar and can be

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Kwon, Youngkook. "(Invited) Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Ammonia and Urea." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 49 (2024): 3505. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02493505mtgabs.

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The electrocatalytic hydrogen cycle with nitrogen and carbon resources is of emerging interest for renewable energy and environment. Among nitrogen species, electrosynthesis of ammonia (NH3) from N2 or NOx and urea (CO(NH2)2) from N2 or NOx together with CO2 have attracted great attention with substantial progress in recent years as clean and energy-saving approach, to potentially replace the commercialized energy- & capital-intensive Haber-Bosch process. In order to accelerate the ammonia production rate, nitric oxide (NO) can be employed and converted to ammonia with high selectivity by

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24

Wang, Xin, Guohua Song, Yizheng Wu, Lei Yu, and Zhiqiang Zhai. "A NOx Emission Model Incorporating Temperature for Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles with Urea-SCR Systems Based on Field Operating Modes." Atmosphere 10, no. 6 (2019): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10060337.

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The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is the most commonly used technique for decreasing the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs). However, the same injection strategy in the SCR system shows significant variations in NOx emissions even at the same operating mode. This kind of heterogeneity poses challenges to the development of emission inventories and to the assessment of emission reductions. Existing studies indicate that these differences are related to the exhaust temperature. In this study, an emission model is established for different source type

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25

Hui, Zhang, Xu Boyan, and Wang Chuansheng. "Numerical Simulation to Reduce NOx of Diesel Engine Urea-SCR System." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (2014): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01408010643.

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By using computational fluid dynamics and chemical reaction dynamics method, the mathematical model of SCR (selective catalytic reduction) system was established. On the basis of the verified feasibility, by CFD numerical analytical method, the reducing agent inside the catalysts concentration distribution was compared under different added urea schemes. Jet direction and the form of fuel injector were studied on the basis of the effects of reducing agent concentration distribution. The simulation result shows good agreement with the experimental data. The simulated results can be utilized in

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Balaji, G., M. Suriya, S. Shirish, and M. Adith Murari. "Investigation of after treatment technique to mitigate emission in IC Engine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, no. 1 (2021): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012031.

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Abstract Environmental pollution is a wide-reaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of the living population to a great extent. We need to mitigate the effects of harmful emissions before it is ungovernable. This project will concentrate on the reduction of NOx using ceria alumina catalyst, on a diesel engine as 5.2 kW water-cooled single-cylinder diesel engine. Solution and catalyst will play an important role in this process. Usually, the material is of high cost, here we have to choose low-cost material and solution. This leads to reduced nitrogen oxide (NOx) after treatmen

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27

Jo, Hyun, Ahyun Ko, Jinyoung Jang, and Ocktaeck Lim. "Study on Rates of NH3 Adsorption and Desorption in SCR on Various Engine Operation Conditions." Sustainability 15, no. 19 (2023): 14468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914468.

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Aging diesel engines on the road require the development of an after-treatment system to meet current emission regulations, and a reduction in NOx (Nitrogen Oxide) is significant. The SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) system is the after-treatment system for removing NOx from exhaust gas in diesel engines using NH3 (Ammonia) gas. However, the mixing and conversion process between NH3 and NOx in SCR has not been entirely clarified. That process produces NH3 slip in the catalyst surface; the NH3 slip will make the after-treatment performance worse. This study informs how the UWS (Urea Water So

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Aditya Wardana, Muhammad Khristamto, and Ocktaeck Lim. "A study effects of injection pressure and wall temperature on the mixing process of NOx and NH3 in Selective Catalytic Reduction system." Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 11, no. 1 (2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2020.v11.45-54.

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Diesel engines are commonly used for public transportation on-road and off-road applications. Growth production of the diesel engine is very significant from year to year. Nitride Oxide (NOx) from diesel engine was one of the major sources of air pollution. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) has been successfully used to reduce NOx from a diesel engine with a chemical reaction from ammonia (NH3). The mixing reaction between NOx and NH3 reaction can produce steam (H2O) and Nitrogen (N2). However, ammonia uniformity pattern usually not homogenization and the ammonia was difficult to mix with NO

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Galletti, Anna Maria Raspolli, Stefano Frigo, Marco Antonelli, Gianluca Pasini, Paolo Bertetti, and Federico Tocchi. "Non-catalytic NOx reduction for marine Diesel engine: an experimental approach." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 07015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131207015.

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Recent legislation concerning air pollutant emissions from ships (Tier III) has considerably decreased NOx emission limits for recreational ships with less than 500 gross tonnages and greater than 24 m load line length (LLL), the so-called “large yachts”. For these yachts, which adopt multiple Diesel engines with maximum power ranging from 800 to 2000 kW, the new NOx limit is less than 2 g/kWh. To satisfy that limit, engine makers suggest the adoption of a classic SCR system with urea injection but this methodology, in addition to requiring a large space for installation, does not seem so appr

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Yentekakis, Ioannis V., Amvrosios G. Georgiadis, Catherine Drosou, Nikolaos D. Charisiou, and Maria A. Goula. "Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx over Perovskite-Based Catalysts Using CxHy(Oz), H2 and CO as Reducing Agents—A Review of the Latest Developments." Nanomaterials 12, no. 7 (2022): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071042.

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Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is probably the most widespread process for limiting NOx emissions under lean conditions (O2 excess) and, in addition to the currently used NH3 or urea as a reducing agent, many other alternative reductants could be more promising, such as CxHy/CxHyOz, H2 and CO. Different catalysts have been used thus far for NOx abatement from mobile (automotive) and stationary (fossil fuel combustion plants) sources, however, perovskites demand considerable attention, partly due to their versatility to combine and incorporate various chemical elements in their lattice tha

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Wang, Bao Yi, and Qian Wang. "Design of Urea-SCR Model of a Feedforward Controller Based on Simulation in Diesel Engine." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 1924–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1924.

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Using a mathematical model, a feedforward controller model of Urea-SCR (selective catalytic reduction, SCR) in diesel engine is realized. At steady-state conditions, the simulated NOX concentration shows great consistence with the experimental value in the downstream of the converter. It can be seen that the simulation results show comparatively accurate performance of the model with the converter temperature changing linearly in the range from 450K to 750K.

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Nagaraj, Nayak S., N. Kapilan, and Prabhu S. Sadashiva. "Modeling of Urea-Water Solution Injection Spray in SCR System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.583.

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To control the emissions from the diesel engines of modern automobiles, it requires the development of adequate and advanced exhaust gas aftertreatment devices. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is a method that can be used in mobile diesel engine aftertreatment systems to reduce harmful NOx emissions. Due to the toxicity and handling problems of ammonia, currently injection of a liquid Urea-Water Solution (UWS) into the exhaust stream approach is used. The water evaporates and the urea undergoes thermal decomposition producing ammonia that reacts with the NOx in the exhaust gas inside a SCR

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Wang, Jinzhou, Xiujuan Zhang, Baoxin Peng, and Yuhua Hao. "D265-12 diesel engine SCR system fluid simulation analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2963, no. 1 (2025): 012030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2963/1/012030.

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Abstract In this paper, a diesel engine after-treatment SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) system is investigated to improve NOx emission reduction. Through theoretical analysis and three-dimensional model building, fluid simulation analysis was carried out by using Fluent software. The results show that the system has good fluidity, the pressure drop is less than 10 Kpa, and the denitrification rate reaches 87%. However, there are still problems with eddy current and urea crystallization, which need to be further optimized. The study confirms the effectiveness of the SCR system and points ou

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Lee, Kyoungbok, Jongin Lee, Sangho Lee, Kwangchul Oh, and Sungwook Jang. "Fuel Consumption and Emission Reduction for Non-Road Diesel Engines with Electrically Heated Catalysts." Catalysts 13, no. 6 (2023): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13060950.

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In this study, an exhaust system compliant with future regulations was developed for a non-road 110PS engine with a Tier-4f aftertreatment system, and the emission characteristics of the engine were investigated in the non-road transient mode (NRTC). For the system to comply with future exhaust regulations, a DPF was installed, and an electrical heated catalyst (EHC) device was installed to manage exhaust gas temperature. The emission characteristics of exhaust gas were examined according to the power and applied duration of EHC, and the effects of catalyst coating and the urea water solution

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Chen, Junhui, Yuan Li, Zhongwei Meng, et al. "Study on Emission Characteristics and Emission Reduction Effect for Construction Machinery under Actual Operating Conditions Using a Portable Emission Measurement System (Pems)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (2022): 9546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159546.

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With the acceleration of urban construction, the pollutant emission of non-road mobile machinery such as construction machinery is becoming more and more prominent. In this paper, a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) tested the emissions of eight different types of construction machinery under actual operating conditions and was used for idling, walking, and working under the different emission reduction techniques. The results showed that the pollutant emission of construction machinery is affected by the pollutant contribution of working conditions. According to different emission

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Guan, Wei, Vinícius B. Pedrozo, Hua Zhao, Zhibo Ban, and Tiejian Lin. "Miller cycle combined with exhaust gas recirculation and post–fuel injection for emissions and exhaust gas temperature control of a heavy-duty diesel engine." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 8 (2019): 1381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419830019.

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Miller cycle has been shown as a promising engine strategy to reduce in-cylinder nitrogen oxide (NOx) formation during the combustion process and facilitate its removal in the aftertreatment systems by increasing the exhaust gas temperature. However, the level of NOx reduction and the increase in exhaust gas temperature achieved by Miller cycle alone is limited. Therefore, research was carried out to investigate the combined use of Miller cycle with other advanced combustion control strategies in order to minimise the NOx emissions and the total cost of ownership. In this article, the effects

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Musa, Amir A. B., Xiong Wei Zeng, Qing Yan Fang, and Huai Chun Zhou. "Numerical Simulation on Improving NO_x Reduction Efficiency of SNCR by Regulating the 3-D Temperature Field in a Furnace." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1505.

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The optimum temperature within the reagent injection zone is between 900 and 1150°C for the NOX reduction by SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) in coal-fired utility boiler furnaces. As the load and the fuel property changes, the temperature within the reagent injection zone will bias from the optimum range, which will reduces significantly the de-NOX efficiency, and consequently the applicability of SNCR technology. An idea to improve the NOX reduction efficiency of SNCR by regulating the 3-D temperature field in a furnace is proposed in this paper. In order to study the new method, Com

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Syaiful, Syaiful, and Iseu Andriani. "EFEK LOKASI INJEKTOR TERHADAP INDEKS PENCAMPURAN AMMONIA UNTUK SCR DENGAN MIXER DINAMIK." ROTASI 16, no. 4 (2014): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.16.4.48-53.

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Diesel engines many are used as transportation mode in the land and sea compared with gasoline engines due to their high efficiency and durability. However, diesel engine releases much more NOx and soot emissions than that of gasoline engine. NOx is formed from a reaction of Nitrogen and Oxygen at high temperature. If these emissions are breathed into human body resulting respiratory disorders such as emphysema and bronchitis as well as lungs tissue damage. Therefore, NOx emissions controll is required to reduce them reaching under a threshold level. An effective method for controlling NOx emi

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Felgueiras, Mariana B. S., João Restivo, Juliana P. S. Sousa, Manuel F. R. Pereira, and Olívia S. G. P. Soares. "Copper Supported on Mesoporous Structured Catalysts for NO Reduction." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (2022): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020170.

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Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are one of the pollutants of greatest concern in terms of atmospheric contamination and, consequently, human health. The main objective of this work, is the synthesis of structured carbon catalysts, introducing on their surface metals and nitrogen groups, catalytically active in NO reduction. Structured catalysts represent an attractive alternative to powder catalysts because they have better thermal stability and lower pressure drop. The catalysts were synthesized by coating a melamine foam using precursor solutions of carbon xerogels with and without nitrogen (using mel

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Sun, Xingyu, Mengjia Li, Jincheng Li, et al. "Nitrogen Oxides and Ammonia Removal Analysis Based on Three-Dimensional Ammonia-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine Coupled with One-Dimensional SCR Model." Energies 16, no. 2 (2023): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020908.

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Ammonia, as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines, can achieve nearly zero carbon emissions. Although the development of the pure ammonia engine is limited by its poor combustion characteristics, ammonia–hydrocarbon mixed combustion can effectively improve the combustion of ammonia fuel. With the increase in the ammonia fuel proportion in the fuel mixture, a large number of nitrogen oxides (NOX) and unburned ammonia may be discharged, which have a poor impact on the environment. In this study, the performance of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) aftertreatment technology in red

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Manoj Kumar, A. P., and P. Mohanan. "Effect of Physical Parameters on DeNOx Conversion in Selective Catalytic Converter Used in Diesel Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 376 (August 2013): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.376.13.

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The Urea SCR system is a promising approach to reduce NOx in order to meet stringent limits on Euro 1V and Euro V standards. Apart from thermodynamic properties (temperature, pressure,heat and mass transfer), the cell geometry of SCR also got significant role in reduction of NOx. The current study focuses on the calculation of NOx conversion by varying the Open Frontal area of monolith, volume of monolith, cell density thereby to choose best cell geometry which will result in maximum DeNOx efficiency. It has been found that as the cell density increases the NOx conversion efficiency also incre

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Shahariar, G. M. Hasan, and Ock Taeck Lim. "A Study on Urea-Water Solution Spray-Wall Impingement Process and Solid Deposit Formation in Urea-SCR de-NOx System." Energies 12, no. 1 (2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010125.

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Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has been exhibited as a promising method of NOx abatement from diesel engine emissions. Long-term durability is one of the key requirements for the automotive SCR system. A high NOx conversion, droplet distribution and mixing, and fluid film and solid deposit formation are the major challenges to the successful implementation of the SCR system. The current study is therefore three-fold. Firstly, high-speed images disclose detailed information of the spray impingement on the heated impingement surface. The spray impingement investigation took place in a speci

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Xu, Xingkai, Zijian Wang, Yuesi Wang, and Kazuyuki Inubushi. "Urea hydrolysis and inorganic N in a Luvisol after application of fertiliser containing rare-earth elements." Soil Research 41, no. 4 (2003): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02056.

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In recent decades, Chinese agriculturists have used rare-earth-containing fertilisers as basal fertilisers together with N fertilisers (e.g. urea). We studied urea hydrolysis and its hydrolysis products in a laboratory experiment using urea-N fertiliser with rare earths at rates from 0.5 to 50% (w/w). The results indicated that application of rare earths at a high rate could result in a short-term inhibition of urea hydrolysis and an increase in soil (NH4+ + NO3– + NO2–)-N content. When the application rate of rare earths was higher than 5% of the applied urea-N (corresponding to 10 mg/kg soil

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Shin, Donghwan, Hyeongwon Lee, Junghwan Kim, and Jongyoung Jo. "Computational Analysis of Nitrogen Oxides Reduction in Exhaust Gas from Livestock Manure Solid Fuel Using Urea-based Selective Non-catalytic Reduction." New & Renewable Energy 20, no. 3 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7849/ksnre.2024.0018.

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Chen, Yu-Han, Camille Roiron, and Plamen Atanassov. "Electrocatalyst Design for Carbon Dioxide Co-Reduction with Nitrate for Sustainable Synthesis of Urea." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 62 (2024): 4193. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02624193mtgabs.

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The electrochemical co-reduction of nitrate (NO3 -) and carbon dioxide (CO2) for the synthesis of urea has drawn much research focus recently because it creates value-added products from environmentally hazardous pollutants. Urea is the major ingredient of fertilizer, that is currently produced through the Bosch-Meiser process starting from ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2), in which ammonia is produced through the Haber-Bosch process, leading to significantly high energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Urea electrosynthesis is a complex 16e-, 12H+ transfer reaction with multiple possible

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Chmielarz, Jagoda Justyna, Tobias Morawietz, Manuel Häßner, Aldo Saul Gago, and K. Andreas Friedrich. "Development of an Onboard Urea Electrolyser to Reduce NO_x Emissions in Vehicles By Enhancing the Selective Catalytic Reduction with the Produced H₂ and NH₃." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 34 (2024): 1723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01341723mtgabs.

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In the persistent pursuit of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from diesel exhaust, challenges arise in achieving optimal performance at lower temperatures, especially in urban driving conditions. This research focuses on a pragmatic approach – development of an onboard urea electrolyser using diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) as the hydrogen-rich carrier. The primary goal is to enhance the NOx reduction efficiency at temperatures below 200oC by providing the electrolyser products – hydrogen and ammonia [1]. The reason behind this innovation lies in recognising DEF as a viable electrolyte, offering b

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Di Gloria, P., L. Strafella, M. G. De Giorgi, et al. "Analysis and performance assessment of the use of ammonia-based nano additive for lean combustion." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2385, no. 1 (2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012050.

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Abstract In recent years, considerable progress has been made in exploring new applications of fuel additives to reduce emissions. Reduction of total nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions can be achieved by decreasing the flame temperature by using fuel emulsified with water and/or using ammonia-based nano additives such as urea. The use of water as part of the hydrocarbon fuel is also one of the prospective directions in the development of new types of fuel systems. For the preparation of emulsified fuel, it is desirable to achieve greater stability of the emulsified fuel with minimum expenditure of

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Knutel, Bernard, Błażej Gaze, Paulina Wojtko, Marcin Dębowski, and Przemysław Bukowski. "Multifaceted Analysis of the Use of Catalytic Additives for Combustion with Hemp Pellets in a Low-Power Boiler." Energies 15, no. 6 (2022): 2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062034.

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This paper presents the results of a multifaceted analysis of the application of catalytic additives to hemp pellets’ combustion in a low-power boiler. The research concerns the effects of five catalytic additives applied inside the boiler’s combustion chamber—based on TiO2, MnO2, Cu(NO3)2 × 3H2O, H2PtCl6 solution, and 99.5% pure urea solution—on the quality of hemp pellets’ combustion process. For this purpose, technical and elemental analyses of the used fuel were performed. The chemical composition of exhaust gases (NOx, CO, SO2, and PM content) was also examined using an exhaust gas analyz

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Oyashiki, Takuya, Yoshinori Itaya, Hitoki Matsuda, and Masanobu Hasatani. "NOX and SO2 Reduction Characteristics of Triple Coaxial Tube Burner with Fluidized Bed and SNCR Method using Urea for Waste Liquid Incineration." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 27, no. 5 (2001): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.27.593.

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Kavitha, Rajan, Omar Latifah, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed, Walter Charles Primus, and Kasim Susilawati. "Rejected Sago Starch as a Coating Material to Mitigate Urea-Nitrogen Emission." Agronomy 12, no. 4 (2022): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040941.

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Urea–nitrogen is commonly lost through ammonia (NH3) volatilization, denitrification, and nitrate (NO3−) leaching. Rejected sago starch (RSS), which is a by-product of sago flour extraction, could be used to minimize NH3 volatilization from urea. Urea granules were coated with different concentrations of RSS (2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%), and their effects on NH3 emission, soil pH, exchangeable ammonium (NH4+), and available NO3− were determined. The urea was coated with RSS and homogenized using a mini rotary machine. The RSS-coated urea granules were dyed to differentiate their concentrations. Th

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