Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / NOy / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: NOy.

Journal articles on the topic 'NOy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'NOy.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Womack, Caroline C., J. Andrew Neuman, Patrick R. Veres, et al. "Evaluation of the accuracy of thermal dissociation CRDS and LIF techniques for atmospheric measurement of reactive nitrogen species." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 5 (2017): 1911–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1911-2017.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The sum of all reactive nitrogen species (NOy) includes NOx (NO2 + NO) and all of its oxidized forms, and the accurate detection of NOy is critical to understanding atmospheric nitrogen chemistry. Thermal dissociation (TD) inlets, which convert NOy to NO2 followed by NO2 detection, are frequently used in conjunction with techniques such as laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) to measure total NOy when set at > 600 °C or speciated NOy when set at intermediate temperatures. We report the conversion efficiency of known amounts of several represent

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Zellweger, C., J. Forrer, P. Hofer, et al. "Partitioning of reactive nitrogen (NO<sub>y</sub>) and dependence on meteorological conditions in the lower free troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 2, no. 6 (2002): 2259–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-2-2259-2002.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Results of continuous nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and total reactive nitrogen (NOy) measurements along with seasonal field campaigns of nitric acid (HNO3) and particulate nitrate (NO3-) measurements are presented for a two-year period at the high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch (JFJ), 3580 m asl. The NOy mixing ratio and partitioning is shown to strongly depend on meteorological conditions. Knowledge of these meteorological transport processes allows discrimination between undisturbed (i.e. clean) and disturbed (i.e. influenced by regi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Zellweger, C., J. Forrer, P. Hofer, et al. "Partitioning of reactive nitrogen (NO<sub>y</sub>) and dependence on meteorological conditions in the lower free troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, no. 3 (2003): 779–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-779-2003.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Results of continuous nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and total reactive nitrogen (NOy) measurements along with seasonal field campaigns of nitric acid (HNO3) and particulate nitrate (NO3-) measurements are presented for a two-year period at the high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch (JFJ), 3580 m asl. The NOy mixing ratio and partitioning is shown to strongly depend on meteorological conditions. Knowledge of these meteorological transport processes allows discrimination between undisturbed (i.e. clean) and disturbed (i.e. influenced by regi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Friedrich, Nils, Ivan Tadic, Jan Schuladen, et al. "Measurement of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and NO<sub><i>y</i></sub> with a thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectrometer (TD-CRDS): instrument characterisation and first deployment." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 10 (2020): 5739–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5739-2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We present a newly constructed, two-channel thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectrometer (TD-CRDS) for the measurement of NOx (NO+NO2), NOy (NOx+HNO3+RO2NO2+2N2O5 etc.), NOz (NOy−NOx) and particulate nitrate (pNit). NOy-containing trace gases are detected as NO2 by the CRDS at 405 nm following sampling through inlets at ambient temperature (NOx) or at 850 ∘C (NOy). In both cases, O3 was added to the air sample directly upstream of the cavities to convert NO (either ambient or formed in the 850 ∘C oven) to NO2. An activated carbon denuder was used to remove gas-phase components

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Geddes, Jeffrey A., and Randall V. Martin. "Global deposition of total reactive nitrogen oxides from 1996 to 2014 constrained with satellite observations of NO<sub>2</sub> columns." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 16 (2017): 10071–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10071-2017.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) are a major constituent of the nitrogen deposited from the atmosphere, but observational constraints on their deposition are limited by poor or nonexistent measurement coverage in many parts of the world. Here we apply NO2 observations from multiple satellite instruments (GOME, SCIAMACHY, and GOME-2) to constrain the global deposition of NOy over the last 2 decades. We accomplish this by producing top-down estimates of NOx emissions from inverse modeling of satellite NO2 columns over 1996–2014, and including these emissions in the GEOS-Chem chemical tra

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Fang, Huan, Wendell W. Walters, David Mase, and Greg Michalski. "i<sub>N</sub>RACM: incorporating <sup>15</sup>N into the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (RACM) for assessing the role photochemistry plays in controlling the isotopic composition of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>, NO<sub><i>y</i></sub>, and atmospheric nitrate." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 8 (2021): 5001–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5001-2021.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Nitrogen oxides, classified as NOx (nitric oxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) and NOy (NOx+ NO3, N2O5 HNO3, + HNO4+ HONO + Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) + organic nitrates + any oxidized N compound), are important trace gases in the troposphere, which play an important role in the formation of ozone, particulate matter (PM), and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). There remain many uncertainties in the origin and fate of atmospheric N compounds including the understanding of NOy cycling, NOx emission budgets, unresolved issues within the heterogeneous uptake coefficients of N2O5, and th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Verronen, P. T., and R. Lehmann. "Analysis and parameterisation of ionic reactions affecting middle atmospheric HO<sub>x</sub> and NO<sub>y</sub> during solar proton events." Annales Geophysicae 31, no. 5 (2013): 909–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-909-2013.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. In the polar regions, precipitation of solar high-energy protons and electrons affects the neutral composition of the middle atmosphere. Here we use the Sodankylä Ion and Neutral Chemistry model to calculate ionic production and loss rates of neutral HOx and NOy species, imposed by particle precipitation, for a range of atmospheric conditions and levels of ionization. We also analyse in detail the ionic reaction sequences leading to the HOx and NOy changes. Our results show that particle impact ionization and positive ion chemistry cause net production of N, NO, HNO2, H, andOH from N

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Geddes, J. A., and J. G. Murphy. "Observations of reactive nitrogen oxide fluxes by eddy covariance above two mid-latitude North American mixed hardwood forests." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 10 (2013): 27891–936. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-27891-2013.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Significant knowledge gaps persist in the understanding of forest–atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen oxides, partly due to a lack of direct observations. Chemical transport models require representations of dry deposition over a variety of land surface types, and the role of canopy exchange of NOx (= NO + NO2) is highly uncertain. Biosphere–atmosphere exchange of NOx and NOy (= NOx + HNO3 + PANs + RONO2 + pNO3− + ...) was measured by eddy covariance above a mixed hardwood forest in central Ontario (HFWR), and a mixed hardwood forest in northern lower Michigan (PROPHET) during t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Brohede, S., C. A. McLinden, J. Urban, C. S. Haley, A. I. Jonsson, and D. Murtagh. "Odin stratospheric proxy NO<sub>y</sub> measurements and climatology." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 19 (2008): 5731–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5731-2008.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Five years of OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System) NO2 and SMR (Sub-millimetre and Millimetre Radiometer) HNO3 observations from the Odin satellite, combined with data from a photochemical box model, have been used to construct a stratospheric proxy NOy data set including the gases: NO, NO2, HNO3, 2×N2O5 and ClONO2. This Odin NOy climatology is based on all daytime measurements and contains monthly mean and standard deviation, expressed as mixing ratio or number density, as function of latitude or equivalent latitude (5° bins) on 17 vertical layers (altitude, pres

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Bourgeois, Ilann, Jeff Peischl, J. Andrew Neuman, et al. "Comparison of airborne measurements of NO, NO₂, HONO, NO_y, and CO during FIREX-AQ." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 16 (2022): 4901–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4901-2022.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We present a comparison of fast-response instruments installed onboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft that measured nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), nitrous acid (HONO), total reactive odd nitrogen (measured both as the total (NOy) and from the sum of individually measured species (ΣNOy)), and carbon monoxide (CO) in the troposphere during the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) campaign. By targeting smoke from summertime wildfires, prescribed fires, and agricultural burns across the continental United States, FIREX-AQ provided a unique opportunity

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Cook, P. A., and H. K. Roscoe. "Variability and trends in stratospheric NO<sub>2</sub> in Antarctic summer, and implications for the Brewer-Dobson circulation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (2009): 837–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-837-2009.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. NO2 measurements during 1990–2007, obtained from a zenith-sky spectrometer in the Antarctic, are analysed to determine the long-term changes. The changes in midsummer should be indicative of any changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation. An atmospheric photochemical box model and a radiative transfer model are used to improve the accuracy of determination of the vertical columns from the slant column measurements, and to deduce the amount of NOy from NO2. We find that the NO2 and NOy columns in midsummer have large inter-annual variability superimposed on a broad maximum in 2000, with

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Brohede, S., C. A. McLinden, J. Urban, C. S. Haley, A. I. Jonsson, and D. Murtagh. "Odin stratospheric proxy NO<sub>y</sub> measurements and climatology." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 2 (2008): 5847–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-5847-2008.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Five years of OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System) NO2 and SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer) HNO3 observations from the Odin satellite, combined with data from a photochemical box model, have been used to construct a stratospheric proxy NOy data set including the gases: NO, NO2, HNO3, 2×N2O5 and CIONO2. This Odin NOy climatology is based on all daytime measurements and contains monthly mean and standard deviation, expressed as mixing ratio or number density, as function of latitude or equivalent latitude (5° bins) on 17 vertical layers (altitude, pressure or potenti

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Hauchecorne, A., J. L. Bertaux, F. Dalaudier, et al. "Response of tropical stratospheric O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub> to the equatorial Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and to temperature as seen from GOMOS/ENVISAT." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 4 (2010): 9153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-9153-2010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The stellar occultation spectrometer GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars) on ESA's Envisat satellite measures vertical profiles O3, NO2 and NO3 with a high long-term stability due to the self-calibrating nature of the technique. More than 6 years of GOMOS data from August 2002 to end 2008 have been analysed to study the inter-annual variation of O3, NO2 and NO3 in the tropics. It is shown that the QBO of the equatorial wind induces variations in the local concentration larger than 10% for O3 and larger than 25% for NO2. Quasi-Biennial Oscillation signals can be fou

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Geddes, J. A., and J. G. Murphy. "Observations of reactive nitrogen oxide fluxes by eddy covariance above two midlatitude North American mixed hardwood forests." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 6 (2014): 2939–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2939-2014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Significant knowledge gaps persist in the understanding of forest–atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen oxides, partly due to a lack of direct observations. Chemical transport models require representations of dry deposition over a variety of land surface types, and the role of canopy exchange of NOx (= NO + NO2) is highly uncertain. Biosphere–atmosphere exchange of NOx and NOy (= NOx + HNO3 + PANs + RONO2 + pNO3− + ...) was measured by eddy covariance above a mixed hardwood forest in central Ontario (Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve, or HFWR), and a mixed hardwood forest in

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Walters, Wendell W., Masayuki Takeuchi, Nga L. Ng, and Meredith G. Hastings. "Incorporating Oxygen Isotopes of Oxidized Reactive Nitrogen in the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism, version 2 (ICOIN-RACM2)." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 11 (2024): 4673–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4673-2024.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The oxygen isotope anomaly (Δ17O = δ17O − 0.52 × δ18O > 0) has proven to be a robust tool for probing photochemical cycling and atmospheric formation pathways of oxidized reactive nitrogen (NOy). Several studies have developed modeling techniques to implicitly model Δ17O of NOy molecules based on numerous assumptions that may not always be valid. Thus, these models may be oversimplified and limit our ability to compare model Δ17O values of NOy with observations. In this work, we introduce a novel method for explicitly tracking Δ17O transfer and propagation into NOy and odd oxygen

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Hauchecorne, A., J. L. Bertaux, F. Dalaudier, et al. "Response of tropical stratospheric O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub> to the equatorial Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and to temperature as seen from GOMOS/ENVISAT." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 18 (2010): 8873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8873-2010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The stellar occultation spectrometer GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars) on ESA's Envisat satellite measures vertical profiles O3, NO2 and NO3 with a high long-term stability due to the self-calibrating nature of the technique. More than 6 years of GOMOS data from August 2002 to end 2008 have been analysed to study the inter-annual variation of O3, NO2 and NO3 in the tropics. It is shown that the QBO of the equatorial wind induces variations in the local concentration larger than 10% for O3 and larger than 25% for NO2. Quasi-Biennial Oscillation signals can be fou

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Funke, Bernd, Manuel López-Puertas, Gabriele P. Stiller, Stefan Versick, and Thomas von Clarmann. "A semi-empirical model for mesospheric and stratospheric NO<sub><i>y</i></sub> produced by energetic particle precipitation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 13 (2016): 8667–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8667-2016.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The MIPAS Fourier transform spectrometer on board Envisat has measured global distributions of the six principal reactive nitrogen (NOy) compounds (HNO3, NO2, NO, N2O5, ClONO2, and HNO4) during 2002–2012. These observations were used previously to detect regular polar winter descent of reactive nitrogen produced by energetic particle precipitation (EPP) down to the lower stratosphere, often called the EPP indirect effect. It has further been shown that the observed fraction of NOy produced by EPP (EPP-NOy) has a nearly linear relationship with the geomagnetic Ap index when taking int

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Park, Jincheol, Yunsoo Choi, and Sagun Kayastha. "Local and transboundary contributions to NO_y loadings across East Asia using CMAQ-ISAM and a GEMS-informed emission inventory during the winter–spring transition." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 25, no. 7 (2025): 4291–311. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4291-2025.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We investigated source contributions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions to reactive nitrogen species (NOy) loadings across East Asia during the 2022 winter–spring transition. Using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and its Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM), we conducted air quality simulations, leveraging top-down estimates of NOx emissions adjusted by the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns. After the Bayesian inversion, the inventoried NOx emissions increased by 50 % in South Korea and 33 %

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Cook, P. A., and H. K. Roscoe. "Variability and trends in stratospheric NO<sub>2</sub> in Antarctic summer, and implications for stratospheric NO<sub>y</sub>." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 11 (2009): 3601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3601-2009.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. NO2 measurements during 1990–2007, obtained from a zenith-sky spectrometer in the Antarctic, are analysed to determine the long-term changes in NO2. An atmospheric photochemical box model and a radiative transfer model are used to improve the accuracy of determination of the vertical columns from the slant column measurements, and to deduce the amount of NOy from NO2. We find that the NO2 and NOy columns in midsummer have large inter-annual variability superimposed on a broad maximum in 2000, with little or no overall trend over the full time period. These changes are robust to a var

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Murphy, J. G., D. A. Day, P. A. Cleary, P. J. Wooldridge, and R. C. Cohen. "Observations of the diurnal and seasonal trends in nitrogen oxides in the western Sierra Nevada." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 3 (2006): 4415–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-4415-2006.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Observations of speciated nitrogen oxides, namely NO2, total peroxy nitrates (ΣPNs), total alkyl nitrates (ΣANs), and HNO3 by thermal dissociation laser induced fluorescence (TD-LIF), and supporting chemical and meteorological measurements at Big Hill (1860 m), a high elevation site in California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, are described. From May through October, terrain-driven winds in the region routinely bring air from Sacramento, 100 km southwest of the site, upslope over oak and pine forests to Big Hill during the day, while at night, the site often samples clean, dry air charac

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Murphy, J. G., D. A. Day, P. A. Cleary, P. J. Wooldridge, and R. C. Cohen. "Observations of the diurnal and seasonal trends in nitrogen oxides in the western Sierra Nevada." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 12 (2006): 5321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5321-2006.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Observations of speciated nitrogen oxides, namely NO2, total peroxy nitrates (ΣPNs), total alkyl nitrates (ΣANs), and HNO3 by thermal dissociation laser induced fluorescence (TD-LIF), and supporting chemical and meteorological measurements at Big Hill (1860 m), a high elevation site in California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, are described. From May through October, terrain-driven winds in the region routinely bring air from Sacramento, 100 km southwest of the site, upslope over oak and pine forests to Big Hill during the day, while at night, the site often samples clean, dry air charac

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Lin, W., X. Xu, B. Ge, and X. Liu. "Gaseous pollutants in Beijing urban area during the heating period 2007–2008: variability, sources, meteorological and chemical impacts." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 3 (2011): 6919–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-6919-2011.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Gaseous pollutants, NOy/NOx, SO2, CO, and O3, were measured at an urban site in Beijing from 17 November 2007 to 15 March 2008. The average concentrations (with ±1σ) of NO, NO2, NOx, NOy, CO, SO2 and O3 were 29.0±2.7 ppb, 33.7±1.4 ppb, 62.7±4.0 ppb, 72.8±4.5 ppb, 1.99±0.13 ppm, 31.9±2.0 ppb and 11.9±0.8 ppb, respectively, with hourly maxima of 200.7 ppb, 113.5 ppb, 303.9 ppb, 323.2 ppb, 15.06 ppm, 147.3 ppb and 69.7 ppb, respectively. The concentrations of the pollutants show "saw-toothed" patterns, which are attributable mainly to changes in wind direction and speed. The frequency d

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Volz-Thomas, A., M. Berg, T. Heil, et al. "Measurements of total odd nitrogen (NO<sub>y</sub>) aboard MOZAIC in-service aircraft: instrument design, operation and performance." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 5, no. 3 (2005): 583–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-583-2005.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. A small system for the unattended measurement of total odd nitrogen (NOy, i.e., the sum of NO and its atmospheric oxidation products) aboard civil in-service aircraft in the framework of MOZAIC is described. The instrument employs the detection of NO by its chemiluminescence with O3 in combination with catalytic conversion of the other NOy compounds to NO at 300°C on a gold surface in the presence of H2. The instrument has a sensitivity of 0.4-0.7cps/ppt and is designed for unattended operation during 1-2 service cycles of the aircraft (400-800 flight hours). The total weight is 50kg

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Lin, W., X. Xu, B. Ge, and X. Liu. "Gaseous pollutants in Beijing urban area during the heating period 2007–2008: variability, sources, meteorological, and chemical impacts." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 15 (2011): 8157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8157-2011.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Gaseous pollutants, NOy/NOx, SO2, CO, and O3, were measured at an urban site in Beijing from 17 November 2007 to 15 March 2008. The average concentrations (with ± 1σ) of NO, NO2, NOx, NOy, CO, SO2, and O3 were 29.0 ± 2.7 ppb, 33.7 ± 1.4 ppb, 62.7 ± 4.0 ppb, 72.8 ± 4.5 ppb, 1.99 ± 0.13 ppm, 31.9 ± 2.0 ppb, and 11.9 ± 0.8 ppb, respectively, with hourly maxima of 200.7 ppb, 113.5 ppb, 303.9 ppb, 323.2 ppb, 15.06 ppm, 147.3 ppb, and 69.7 ppb, respectively. The concentrations of the pollutants show "saw-toothed" patterns, which are attributable mainly to changes in wind direction and spee

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Baumgaertner, A. J. G., P. Jöckel, H. Riede, G. Stiller, and B. Funke. "Energetic particle precipitation in ECHAM5/MESSy – Part 2: Solar Proton Events." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 2 (2010): 4501–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-4501-2010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy (EMAC) has been extended by processes that parameterize particle precipitation. Several types of particle precipitation that directly affect NOy and HOx concentrations in the middle atmosphere are accounted for and discussed in a series of papers. In part 1, the EMAC parameterization for NOx produced in the upper atmosphere by low-energy electrons is presented. Here, we discuss production of NOy and HOx associated with Solar Proton Events (SPEs). A submodel that parameterizes the effects of precipitating protons, based

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Baumgaertner, A. J. G., P. Jöckel, H. Riede, G. Stiller, and B. Funke. "Energetic particle precipitation in ECHAM5/MESSy – Part 2: Solar proton events." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 15 (2010): 7285–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7285-2010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy (EMAC) has been extended by processes that parameterize particle precipitation. Several types of particle precipitation that directly affect NOy and HOx concentrations in the middle atmosphere are accounted for and discussed in a series of papers. In part 1, the EMAC parameterization for NOx produced in the upper atmosphere by low-energy electrons is presented. Here, we discuss production of NOy and HOx associated with Solar Proton Events (SPEs). A submodel that parameterizes the effects of precipitating protons, based

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Friedrich, Nils, Philipp Eger, Justin Shenolikar, et al. "Reactive nitrogen around the Arabian Peninsula and in the Mediterranean Sea during the 2017 AQABA ship campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 10 (2021): 7473–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7473-2021.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We present shipborne measurements of NOx (≡ NO + NO2) and NOy (≡ NOx+ gas- and particle-phase organic and inorganic oxides of nitrogen) in summer 2017 as part of the expedition “Air Quality and climate change in the Arabian BAsin” (AQABA). The NOx and NOz (≡ NOy-NOx) measurements, made with a thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectrometer (TD-CRDS), were used to examine the chemical mechanisms involved in the processing of primary NOx emissions and their influence on the NOy budget in chemically distinct marine environments, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the A

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Li, Xun, Momei Qin, Lin Li, et al. "Examining the implications of photochemical indicators for O₃–NO_x–VOC sensitivity and control strategies: a case study in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 22 (2022): 14799–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14799-2022.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Ozone (O3) has become a significant air pollutant in China in recent years. O3 abatement is challenging due to the nonlinear response of O3 to precursors nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Photochemical indicators are widely used to estimate the O3–NOx–VOC sensitivity, and this has important policy implications. However, the effectiveness of the indicators has seldom been evaluated. This study examined the applications of four indicators that include the ratio of the production rates of H2O2 and HNO3 (PH2O2/PHNO3), HCHO/NO2, HCHO/NOy, and reactive nitrogen (

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Dufour, G., S. Payan, F. Lefèvre, et al. "4-D comparison method to study the NO<sub>y</sub> partitioning in summer polar stratosphere – Influence of aerosol burden." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 6 (2004): 8171–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-8171-2004.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. On 21–22 August 2001, NO, NO2 and HNO3 mixing ratio profiles were measured at high latitudes during sunset and sunrise using the Limb Profile Monitor of the Atmosphere (LPMA) and the DOAS experiments under stratospheric balloon. Photochemical simulations using the chemistry module of the Reprobus Chemistry Transport Model (CTM) that are constrained by ozone and total NOy balloon observations reproduce well the partitioning of NOx and NOy when model results are calculated at the exact time and location of the measurement for each tangent altitude. Taking the recently recommended react

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Dufour, G., S. Payan, F. Lefèvre, et al. "4-D comparison method to study the NO<sub>y</sub> partitioning in summer polar stratosphere – Influence of aerosol burden." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 5, no. 4 (2005): 919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-919-2005.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. On 21–22 August 2001, NO, NO2 and HNO3 mixing ratio profiles were measured at high latitudes during sunset and sunrise using the Limb Profile Monitor of the Atmosphere (LPMA) and the DOAS experiments under stratospheric balloon. Photochemical simulations using the chemistry module of the Reprobus Chemistry Transport Model (CTM) that are constrained by ozone and total NOy balloon observations reproduce well the partitioning of NOx and NOy when model results are calculated at the exact time and location of the measurement for each tangent altitude. Taking the recently recommended react

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Benton, A. K., J. M. Langridge, S. M. Ball, et al. "Night-time chemistry above London: measurements of NO<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> from the BT Tower during REPARTEE-II." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 6 (2010): 14347–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-14347-2010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (BBCEAS) has been used to measure the sum of concentrations of NO3 and N2O5 from the BT (telecommunications) Tower 160 m above street level in central London during the REPARTEE II campaign in October and November 2007. Substantial variability was observed in these night-time nitrogen compounds: peak NO3+N2O5 mixing ratios reached 800 pptv, whereas the mean night-time NO3+N2O5 was approximately 30 pptv. Additionally, [NO3+N2O5] showed negative correlations with [NO] and [NO2] and a positive correlation with [O3]. Co-measurements of te

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Benton, A. K., J. M. Langridge, S. M. Ball, et al. "Night-time chemistry above London: measurements of NO<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> from the BT Tower." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 20 (2010): 9781–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9781-2010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (BBCEAS) has been used to measure the sum of concentrations of NO3 and N2O5 from the BT (telecommunications) Tower 160 m above street level in central London during the REPARTEE II campaign in October and November 2007. Substantial variability was observed in these night-time nitrogen compounds: peak NO3+N2O5 mixing ratios reached 800 pptv, whereas the mean night-time NO3+N2O5 was approximately 30 pptv. Additionally, [NO3+N2O5] showed negative correlations with [NO] and [NO2] and a positive correlation with [O3]. Co-measurements of te

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Gkatzelis, Georgios I., Matthew M. Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, et al. "Parameterizations of US wildfire and prescribed fire emission ratios and emission factors based on FIREX-AQ aircraft measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 2 (2024): 929–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-929-2024.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Extensive airborne measurements of non-methane organic gases (NMOGs), methane, nitrogen oxides, reduced nitrogen species, and aerosol emissions from US wild and prescribed fires were conducted during the 2019 NOAA/NASA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality campaign (FIREX-AQ). Here, we report the atmospheric enhancement ratios (ERs) and inferred emission factors (EFs) for compounds measured on board the NASA DC-8 research aircraft for nine wildfires and one prescribed fire, which encompass a range of vegetation types. We use photochemical proxies to identi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Sheese, Patrick E., Kaley A. Walker, Chris D. Boone, et al. "Validation of ACE-FTS version 3.5 NO<sub><i>y</i></sub> species profiles using correlative satellite measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 12 (2016): 5781–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5781-2016.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment – Fourier Transform Spectrometer) instrument on the Canadian SCISAT satellite, which has been in operation for over 12 years, has the capability of deriving stratospheric profiles of many of the NOy (N + NO + NO2+ NO3+ 2 × N2O5+ HNO3+ HNO4+ ClONO2+ BrONO2) species. Version 2.2 of ACE-FTS NO, NO2, HNO3, N2O5, and ClONO2 has previously been validated, and this study compares the most recent version (v3.5) of these five ACE-FTS products to spatially and temporally coincident measurements from other satellite instruments – GOMOS, HALOE, MAEST

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Kritten, L., A. Butz, M. P. Chipperfield, et al. "Constraining the N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> UV absorption cross-section from spectroscopic trace gas measurements in the tropical mid-stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 4 (2014): 4687–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-4687-2014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The absorption cross-section of N2O5, σN2O5(λ, T), which is known from laboratory measurements with the uncertainty of a factor of 2 (Table 4-2 in JPL-2011, Sander et al., 2011), was investigated by balloon-borne observations of the relevant trace gases in the tropical mid-stratosphere. The method relies on the observation of the diurnal variation of NO2 supported by detailed photochemical modelling of NOy (NOx(= NO + NO2) + NO3 + 2N2O5 + ClONO2 + HO2NO2 +BrONO2 + HNO3) photochemistry. Simulations are initialised with O3 measured by direct sun observations, the NOy partitioning from

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Kramer, L. J., D. Helmig, J. F. Burkhart, A. Stohl, S. Oltmans, and R. E. Honrath. "Seasonal variability of atmospheric nitrogen oxides and non-methane hydrocarbons at the GEOSummit station, Greenland." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 12 (2015): 6827–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6827-2015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Measurements of atmospheric nitrogen oxides NOx (NOx = NO + NO2), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), NOy, and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) were taken at the Greenland Environmental Observatory at Summit (GEOSummit) station, Greenland (72.34° N, 38.29° W; 3212 m a.s.l.), from July 2008 to July 2010. The data set represents the first year-round concurrent record of these compounds sampled at a high latitude Arctic site. Here, the study focused on the seasonal variability of these important ozone (O3) precursors in the Arctic troposphere and the impact from transported anthropogenic and bio

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Zhang, Junxi, Yang Gao, L. Ruby Leung, et al. "Impacts of climate change and emissions on atmospheric oxidized nitrogen deposition over East Asia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 2 (2019): 887–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-887-2019.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. A multi-model ensemble of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) simulations is used to study the atmospheric oxidized nitrogen (NOy) deposition over East Asia under climate and emission changes projected for the future. Both dry and wet NOy deposition show significant decreases in the 2100s under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, primarily due to large anthropogenic emission reduction over both land and sea. However, in the near future of the 2030s, both dry and wet NOy deposition increase significantly due to continued increase in emissions. Marine primary produc

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Karvovskaya, Elena. "On the differences between adnominal and external possession in Ishkashimi." Studies in Language 39, no. 3 (2015): 729–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.39.3.07kar.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper discusses two particles that mark possession in Ishkashimi: -no and -noy. These markers are not in free variation; -noy can only mark adnominal possession, while -no can mark external possession. This will be argued for on the basis of distributional and interpretational differences between the two markers. Unlike the marker -noy, -no can appear in the context of nominal ellipsis and possessive predicates. A -noy-marked possessor has to be adjacent to the possessed noun and precede it; a -no-marked possessor does not have these adjacency requirements. In the context of possessor dou

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Kramer, L. J., D. Helmig, J. F. Burkhart, A. Stohl, S. Oltmans, and R. E. Honrath. "Seasonal variability of atmospheric nitrogen oxides and non-methane hydrocarbons at the GEOSummit station, Greenland." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 9 (2014): 13817–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-13817-2014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Measurements of atmospheric NOx (NOx = NO + NO2), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), NOy and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) were taken at the GEOSummit Station, Greenland (72.34° N, 38.29° W, 3212 m.a.s.l) from July 2008 to July 2010. The data set represents the first year-round concurrent record of these compounds sampled at a high latitude Arctic site in the free troposphere. Here, the study focused on the seasonal variability of these important ozone (O3) precursors in the Arctic free troposphere and the impact from transported anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions. Our analysis s

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Keehan, Natalie I., Bellamy Brownwood, Andrey Marsavin, Douglas A. Day, and Juliane L. Fry. "A thermal-dissociation–cavity ring-down spectrometer (TD-CRDS) for the detection of organic nitrates in gas and particle phases." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 11 (2020): 6255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6255-2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. A thermal-dissociation–cavity ring-down spectrometer (TD-CRDS) was developed to measure NO2, peroxy nitrates (PNs), alkyl nitrates (ANs), and HNO3 in the gas and particle phase, built using a commercial Los Gatos Research NO2 analyzer. The detection limit of the TD-CRDS is 0.66 ppb for ANs, PNs, and HNO3 and 0.48 ppb for NO2. For all four classes of NOy, the time resolution for separate gas and particle measurements is 8 min, and for total gas + particle measurements it is 3 min. The accuracy of the TD-CRDS was tested by comparison of NO2 measurements with a chemiluminescent NOx moni

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Keim, C., G. Y. Liu, C. E. Blom, et al. "Vertical profile of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) from MIPAS-STR measurements over Brazil in February 2005 and the role of PAN in the UT tropical NO<sub>y</sub> partitioning." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 2 (2008): 6983–7016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-6983-2008.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We report on the retrieval of PAN (CH3C(O)OONO2) in the upper tropical troposphere from limb measurements by the remote-sensor MIPAS-STR on board the Russian high altitude research aircraft M55-Geophysica. The measurements were performed close to Araçatuba, Brazil, on 17 February 2005. The retrieval was made in the spectral range 775–820 cm−1 where PAN exhibits its strongest feature but also more than 10 species interfere. Especially trace gases such as CH3CCl3, CFC-113, CFC-11, and CFC-22, emitting also in spectrally broad not-resolved branches, make the processing of PAN prone to e

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Ben-Amos. "Dov Noy (1920-2013)." Journal of American Folklore 127, no. 506 (2014): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jamerfolk.127.506.0467.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Berthet, G., N. Huret, F. Lefèvre, et al. "On the ability of chemical transport models to simulate the vertical structure of the N<sub>2</sub>O, NO<sub>2</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> species in the mid-latitude stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 6 (2005): 12373–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-12373-2005.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. In this paper we study the impact of the modelling of N2O on the simulation of NO2 and HNO3 by comparing in situ vertical profiles measured at mid-latitudes with the results of the Reprobus 3-D CTM (Three-dimensional Chemical Transport Model) computed with the kinetic parameters from the JPL recommendation in 2002. The analysis of the measured in situ profile of N2O shows particular features indicating different air mass origins. The measured N2O, NO2 and HNO3 profiles are not satisfyingly reproduced by the CTM when computed using the current 6-hourly ECMWF operational analysis. Impr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Berthet, G., N. Huret, F. Lefèvre, et al. "On the ability of chemical transport models to simulate the vertical structure of the N<sub>2</sub>O, NO<sub>2</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> species in the mid-latitude stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 6 (2006): 1599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-1599-2006.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. In this paper we study the impact of the modelling of N2O on the simulation of NO2 and HNO3 by comparing in situ vertical profiles measured at mid-latitudes with the results of the Reprobus 3-D CTM (Three-dimensional Chemical Transport Model) computed with the kinetic parameters from the JPL recommendation in 2002. The analysis of the measured in situ profile of N2O shows particular features indicating different air mass origins. The measured N2O, NO2 and HNO3 profiles are not satisfyingly reproduced by the CTM when computed using the current 6-hourly ECMWF operational analysis. Impr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Kritten, L., A. Butz, M. P. Chipperfield, et al. "Constraining the N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> UV absorption cross section from spectroscopic trace gas measurements in the tropical mid-stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 18 (2014): 9555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9555-2014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The absorption cross section of N2O5, σN2O5(λ, T), which is known from laboratory measurements with the uncertainty of a factor of 2 (Table 4-2 in (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) JPL-2011; the spread in laboratory data, however, points to an uncertainty in the range of 25 to 30%, Sander et al., 2011), was investigated by balloon-borne observations of the relevant trace gases in the tropical mid-stratosphere. The method relies on the observation of the diurnal variation of NO2 by limb scanning DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) measurements (Weidner et al., 2005; Kritten

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Jones, A. E., E. W. Wolff, D. Ames, et al. "The multi-seasonal NO<sub>y</sub> budget in coastal Antarctica and its link with surface snow and ice core nitrate: results from the CHABLIS campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 2 (2007): 4127–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-4127-2007.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Measurements of individual NOy components were carried out at Halley station in coastal Antarctica. The measurements were made as part of the CHABLIS campaign (Chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow) and cover over half a year, from austral winter 2004 through to austral summer 2005. They are the longest duration and most extensive NOy budget study carried out to date in polar regions. Results show clear dominance of organic NOy compounds (PAN and MeONO2) during the winter months, with low concentrations of inorganic NOy, but a reversal of this situatio

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Keim, C., G. Y. Liu, C. E. Blom, et al. "Vertical profile of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) from MIPAS-STR measurements over Brazil in February 2005 and its contribution to tropical UT NO<sub>y</sub> partitioning." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 16 (2008): 4891–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4891-2008.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We report on the retrieval of PAN (CH3C(O)OONO2) in the upper tropical troposphere from limb measurements by the remote-sensor MIPAS-STR on board the Russian high altitude research aircraft M55-Geophysica. The measurements were performed close to Araçatuba, Brazil, on 17 February 2005. The retrieval was made in the spectral range 775–820 cm−1 where PAN exhibits its strongest feature but also more than 10 species interfere. Especially trace gases such as CH3CCl3, CFC-113, CFC-11, and CFC-22, emitting also in spectrally broad not-resolved branches, make the processing of PAN prone to e

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Pandey Deolal, S., D. Brunner, M. Steinbacher, U. Weers, and J. Staehelin. "Long-term in situ measurements of NO<sub>x</sub> and NO<sub>y</sub> at Jungfraujoch 1998–2009: time series analysis and evaluation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 8 (2011): 21835–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-21835-2011.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We present an analysis of the NOy (NOx + other oxidized species) measurements at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch (JFJ, 3580 m a.s.l.) for the period 1998–2009, which is the longest continous NOy data set reported from the lower free troposphere worldwide. Due to stringent emission control regulations, nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions have been reduced significantly in Europe since the late 1980s as well as during the investigation period. However, the time series of NOy at JFJ does not show a consistent trend but a maximum during 2002 to 2004 and a decreasing tendency thereafter. Th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Pandey Deolal, S., D. Brunner, M. Steinbacher, U. Weers, and J. Staehelin. "Long-term in situ measurements of NOx and NOy at Jungfraujoch 1998–2009: time series analysis and evaluation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 5 (2012): 2551–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2551-2012.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We present an analysis of the NOy (NOx + other oxidized species) measurements at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch (JFJ, 3580 m a.s.l.) for the period 1998–2009, which is the longest continous NOy data set reported from the lower free troposphere worldwide. Due to stringent emission control regulations, nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions have been reduced significantly in Europe since the late 1980s as well as during the investigation period. However, the time series of NOy at JFJ does not show a consistent trend but a maximum during 2002 to 2004 and a decreasing tendency thereafter. Th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Tan, Jiani, Joshua S. Fu, and John H. Seinfeld. "Ammonia emission abatement does not fully control reduced forms of nitrogen deposition." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 18 (2020): 9771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920068117.

Full text

Abstract:

Human activities and population growth have increased the natural burden of reactive nitrogen (N) in the environment. Excessive N deposition on Earth’s surface leads to adverse feedbacks on ecosystems and humans. Similar to that of air pollution, emission control is recognized as an efficient means to control acid deposition. Control of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions has led to reduction in deposition of oxidized nitrogen (NOy, the sum of all oxidized nitrogen species, except nitrous oxide [N2O]). Reduced forms of nitrogen (NHx = ammonia [NH3] + ammonium [NH4+]) deposition have, ot

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!