Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Noyaux médians du thalamus'
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Proulx, Éliane. "Network interactions of medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and reuniens nucleus of the midline thalamus." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20694.
Full textQuet, Étienne. "Noyaux réuniens et rhomboïde du thalamus et persistance d'un souvenir chez le rat." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ008/document.
Full textNeuroanatomical and electrophysiological data place the thalamic Reuniens and Rhomboid nuclei as a key relay between the hippocampus (HP) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), two brain structures essential for memory. As such, the ReRh nuclei are thought to be involved in HP-mPFC interactions, supporting consolidation processes, and thus memory persistence. Using excitotoxic lesion, chemogenetic inactivation and cellular imaging approaches in various behavioral paradigms, we assessed the implication of the ReRh nuclei in memory processes, particularly consolidation. Our results show that the ReRh nuclei are necessary for offline consolidation of contextual fear memory in rats. A similar conclusion has been drawn from a previous study taxing spatial memory, another HP-dependent type of memory. Thus, the present data show that the necessity of the ventral midline thalamus to systems-level consolidation is not limited to a particular type of memory but could be more general
Gressier, Amélie. "Le rôle des noyaux reuniens et rhomboïde de la ligne médiane du thalamus ventral dans la consolidation d’un souvenir spatial chez le rat : approches comportementales et moléculaires." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ010.
Full textMemorization relies on a dialogue between the hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). This dialog takes place progressively after the encoding of an event. Given their connectivity, the thalamic nuclei named reuniens and rhomboid (ReRh) may modulate the functional loop between these two structures. Indeed, a lesion of these nuclei impairs the persistence of a spatial memory. The mechanisms underlying this process are still unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms underlying spatial memory consolidation within the hippocampus and the mPFC, and the consequences of a lesion of the ReRh nuclei. After a stereotaxic lesion of the ReRh nuclei, rats were subjected to three days of a spatial training in the Morris water maze. We then performed a RNA sequencing of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus (CA1 regions), RT-qPCR analysis of the mPCF, and a quantification of the expression of c-fos in these two structures. Results show that ReRh nuclei lesion impairs the transcriptional and translational mechanisms within the hippocampus and the mPFC as soon as after three days of a spatial learning. These alterations could lead to the retrieval deficit observed after a long post-acquisition delay
Sidibé, Mamadou. "Intégration des noyaux centre médian et parafasciculaire du thalamus dans la circuiterie fonctionnelle des ganglions de la base chez le singe écureuil, Saimiri sciureus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/NQ48988.pdf.
Full textPoulin, Anne-Marie. "Rôle du thalamus médian dorsal dans la régulation de l'axe hypophyso-cortico-surrénalien et le comportement alimentaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25474/25474.pdf.
Full textKlein, Marie-Muguet. "Rôle des noyaux réuniens (Re) et rhomboïde (Rh) du thalamus dans la plasticité structurale associée à la persistance d’un souvenir spatial chez le rat." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ089.
Full textThe standard model of systemic consolidation posits that information is initially encoded in the hippocampo-neocortical network, the memory trace being first created in the sole hippocampus (HIP). Over time, the trace is progressively transferred to modules of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), particularly to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Following lesions of the thalamic reuniens and rhomboid nuclei (ReRh), which are reciprocally connected with both the Hipp and mPFC, a spatial memory forms normally but does not persist (Loureiro et al 2012). Therefore, we assessed the impact of ReRh lesions on structural plasticity underlying spatial memory persistence. Male Long-Evans rats subjected to NMDA lesions of the ReRh nuclei were trained in the Morris Water Maze and tested for retrieval of recent (5 days) or remote (25 days) memory. Structural plasticity was assessed on Golgi-stained material in the HIP and CPFm. ReRh lesions had no effect on learning and recent memory, but altered remote memory. In the HIP (CA1) of sham-operated rats, the spine number was increased at both 5 and 25 days post-acquisition vs baseline. After ReRh lesion, the increase did not persist from 5 to 25 days. In the mPFC (ACC) of sham-operated rats, the spine number was increased only at 25 days vs baseline, a modification not observed in ReRh lesioned rats. Thus, following lesion of ReRh nuclei, structural plasticity underlying remote spatial memory formation does not operate correctly in the mPFC and Hip, pointing to a crucial role of ReRh in memory persistence
Ali, Mohamad. "Effet de l'enrichissement physique et social sur l'établissement d'un souvenir spatial à long terme après lésion des noyaux reuniens et rhomboïde du thalamus chez le rat." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ054/document.
Full textRecent studies have shown the key role of the ventral midline thalamus (Reuniens and Rhomboid nuclei; ReRh) in spatial memory persistence in rats, which requires a hippocampo- prefrontal dialogue for consolidation at the systems-level. As enriched environment (EE) promotes the recovery of declarative-like memories after diencephalic (anterior thalamus) lesion, and enhances neuronal plasticity, we tested its impact on the effects of the ReRh lesion upon the consolidation/retrieval of a remote spatial memory in a Morris water maze (i.e. 25 post-acquisition days). For this purpose, we exposed rats for 40 days to an enriched environment beginning 2 weeks after fiber-sparing excitotoxic thalamic lesions. In addition, the expression of the immediate early gene, c-fos, was mapped by immunohistochemistry as a marker of functional activity in the dorsal hippocampus, the median prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the intralaminar thalamic nuclei and the amygdala. Enriched housing allows the recovery of spatial memory persistence capacities in ReRh rats, with additional beneficial effects on anxiety and habituation to a novel environment. Immunohistochemistry of the Fos protein showed a higher recruitment of the mPFC, concomitant with memory capacities recovery in enriched ReRh rats, while in standard ReRh rats, Fos expression in the mPFC was significantly decreased together with the alteration of memory performance. The lesion-induced amygdala hyperactivity in basal and memory conditions was significantly attenuated in the ReRh enriched group. We suggested that amygdala might be involved in the effect of ReRh lesion on memory persistence, and also in the functional recovery associated with the restoration of the mPFC activity during remote memory retrieval in enriched ReRh rats
Alaoui, Bouarraqui Fouad. "Amnésies diencéphaliques : dissociation fonctionnelle entre noyaux mamillaires et noyaux dorso-médians thalamiques." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10571.
Full textCholvin, Thibault. "Rôle d'un circuit hippocampo-cortico-thalamique dans les processus de mémoire spatiale chez le rat." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ044/document.
Full textThis thesis aimed to investigate the role of a circuit encompassing the hippocampus (Hip), the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the reuniens and rhomboid nuclei (ReRh) of the thalamus in cognitive processes underlying spatial memory in rats. We first showed that ReRh nuclei may be involved in systemic consolidation, a mechanism necessary for memory persistence and requiring hippocampal-cortical interactions. We confirmed these findings in a second study showing that mPFC neuronal activity during recall of a remote spatial memory depends on ReRh thalamic nuclei. We also showed the involvement of the ReRh nuclei in a mnemonic task requiring the use of both spatial information (dependent on the Hip) and behavioral flexibility (involving the mPFC). Finally, we found a role of the mPFC in the recall of recent spatial memory. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of a hippocampo-cortico-thalamic circuit in the processing and persistence of spatial information in the Rat
Arsenault, Dany. "Remodelage développemental des synapses lemniscales dans le noyau ventral postérieur du thalamus." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24267/24267.pdf.
Full textMouroux, Mireille. "Mise en évidence chez le rat, des capacités de contrôle du noyau parafasciculaire du thalamus sur deux structures des ganglions de la base : le noyau subthalamique et le globus pallidus." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P633.
Full textCornil, Amandine. "Caractérisation anatomique des projections des noyaux thalamiques intralaminaires sur le striatum dorsal et implication de l'intralaminaire rostral sur la locomotion spontanée." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/312812/4/TheseAC.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Loureiro, Michaël. "Implication de l'hippocampe ventral et des noyaux reuniens et rhomboïde du thalamus dans les processus cognitifs sous-tendant la mémoire spatiale chez le Rat." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813293.
Full textCesaro, Pierre. "Etude anatomique et electrophysiologique des noyaux intralaminaires du rat : hypotheses sur leur role dans la survenue de certaines douleurs centrales." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066128.
Full textKobaïter, Maarawi Sandra. "Effets électrophysiologiques de la stimulation du cortex moteur sur les noyaux somatosensorielslatéraux du thalamus : étude expérimentale sur un modèle de stimulation du cortex moteur chez le chat." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10100/document.
Full textMotor cortex stimulation (MCS) is a neurosurgical technique developed on empirical basis and currently used as last solution for patients suffering from refractory neuropathic pain. The present work is a new attempt among other contemporary studies aiming to understand the mechanisms of action of MCS, which remain incompletely elucidated at that time. The main objective of this thesis is to study the electrophysiological effect of MCS at the thalamic level, in a cat model. The first part of this work aims to establish the stereotactic somatotopic map of the cat motor cortex (MC), not available so far in the literature. Based on this mapping, we created and validated a cat model of MCS, using a mini-invasive electrode implantation. The second part of this study included a recording and analysis of the potential changes of the unitary extracellular activity of cells located in the thalamic ventro-postero-lateral (VPL) nucleus, induced by different MCS protocols. Our results indicate a modulation of the VPL cells activity after MCS, depending on the nociceptive or non-nociceptive nature of the recorded thalamic cell. MCS increases the activity of non-nociceptive cells and decreases that of nociceptive cells. For a given cell the matching between the somatotopy of the MC stimulated region and the receptive field localization of the recorded thalamic cell is not a prerequisite for obtaining such a modulation. In conclusion, the present work has proven a neuro-modulatory differential effect of MCS on nociceptive and non-nociceptive cells in the thalamic VPL nucleus
Sherdil, Ariana. "Stimulation, surveillance et algorithme de détection du noyau antérieur du thalamus dans le cadre d'un modèle d'épilepsie focale motrice chez le primate." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV046/document.
Full textIt has been shown that the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) is involved in the mésio temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE); but its role has not been described yet. This implication, in addition to its strategic position within the Papez circuit makes it a prime target for the deep brain stimulation (DBS). Many studies have then been led for twenty years in humans and animals, using many stimulation paradigms, and several conclusions, sometimes conflicting resulted. In order to stimulate the ANT in an adequate manner to obtain an effect on seizures, it is crucial to understand how the ANT is involved during mTLE. A reliable and representative animal model of the human pathology is needed to answer these questions. In the first part of this work, an on demand model of mTLE in the non-human primate (NHP) has been characterized. It has been shown in five NHPs that a penicillin (PNC) injection in the hippocampus (HPC) led to the occurrence of typical seizures during 4 to 5 hours. The onset and disappearance kinetic of ictal events doesn’t vary between animals and experiments; in addition, the seizure frequency presents a stable plateau which could be useful to test new drugs or therapies. A hippocampic sclerosis supported by cellular adjustments has also been observed in the injected HPC). In a second part, we used this model of mTLE in order to identify the involvement type of the ANT (common passive relay or node within the primary epileptic circuit). To do so, we evaluated the effects of chemical and electrical neuromodulation of the ANT on the HPC ictal activity. We observed variation of the HPC baseline electric activity at a specific stimulation frequency of the ANT. Then we found out that this stimulation frequency led to a significate improvement of the number of seizures and of the total time spent in seizure. Then, we tried to identify using coherence analysis between activities recorded in the ANT and the HPC some electrophysiological biomarkers to prevent a good efficacy of the DBS. This approach could then lead to solutions which could offer a smarter and better suited stimulation to the patients
Ni, Zhong-Ge. "Étude de l'évolution des changements pathologiques de l'activité des neurones du noyau subthalamique et recherche des structures à l'origne de ces changements dans un modèle de la maladie de Parkinson chez le rat." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE19005.
Full textDupuis, Loréline. "Le complexe Centremédian/Parafasciculaire du Thalamus cible du traitement des mouvements anormaux par stimulation cérébrale profonde : approche expérimentale sur des modèles rongeurs de la maladie de Parkinson et des dystonies." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22103.
Full textThe involvement of the centremedian/parafascicular (CM/Pf) thalamic complex has long been neglected in the pathophysiological functioning of basal ganglia (BG). However, this complex forms a functional loop with the BG suggesting that it could be a new target for the surgical treatment by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of BG‐related disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). In this context, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of CM/Pf‐DBS in a rat PD model. DBS at high frequency (HFS) of CM/Pf alleviates PD symptoms (akinesia, sensorimotor neglect) as well as L‐Dopa‐induced dyskinesias. However, our observation that chronic L‐Dopa suppresses the antiparkinsonian benefits provided by CM/Pf‐HFS compromises the interest of this target for PD. At cellular level, CM/Pf‐HFS widely impacts the dopaminergic denervation‐induced changes in the BG, showing that CM/Pf is a key node for modulating BG function. Comparison of the behavioral and cellular effects of HFS of CM/Pf versus subthalamic nucleus, the currently preferred target for PD treatment, led us to suggest that their differential impact on akinesia and dyskinesia may be due to a selective action of CM/Pf‐HFS on entopeduncular nucleus (EP), the rodent homologous of internal globus pallidus, whose involvement in dyskinesia is already documented. In vivo electrophysiological recordings of CM/Pf neurons provided further support for the relationship between CM/Pf and dyskinesia. We also showed that the dopaminergic lesion resulted in a decreased gene expression of a metabolic marker of neuronal activity in the CM/Pf, which is completely normalized by HFS, providing the first evidence that HFS may be able to correct a decrease in activity of the targeted nucleus. Finally, given the close relationship between EP and CM/Pf and knowing that internal globus pallidus is a target for DBS in dystonia, we evaluated the effects of CM/Pf‐DBS in an animal model of this disorder, the dtsz hamster. We found that the stress induction of dystonia in this model is delayed by subchronic CM/Pf HFS whereas it is favored by low frequency stimulation providing evidence forthe involvement of CM/Pf in another BG‐related movement disorder
De, la crompe de la boissiere Brice. "Etude dynamique de la génération des oscillations Beta dans la maladie de Parkinson : approche électrophysiologique et optogénétique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0325/document.
Full textThe basal-ganglia (BG) form a complex loop with the cortex and the thalamus that is involved in action selection and movement control. Synchronized oscillatory activities in basal-ganglia neuronal circuits have been proposed to play a key role in coordinating information flow within this neuronal network. If synchronized oscillatory activities are important for normal motor function, their dysregulation in space and time could be pathological. Indeed, in Parkinson’s disease (PD), many studies have reported an abnormal increase in the expression level of neuronal oscillations contain in the beta (β) frequency range (15-30 Hz). These abnormal β oscillations have been correlated with two mains symptoms of PD: akinesia/bradykinesia. However, which BG neuronal circuits generate those abnormal β oscillations, and whether they play a causal role in PD motor dysfunction is not known. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a key nucleus in BG that receives converging inputs from the motor cortex, the parafascicular thalamic nucleus and the globus pallidus. Here, we used a rat model of PD combined with in vivo electrophysiological recordings and optogenetic silencing to investigate how selective manipulation of STN inputs causally influence BG network dynamic. Our data highlight the causal role of the globus pallidus in the generation and propagation mechanisms of abnormal β-oscillations
Arsenault, Dany. "Remodelage développemental des synapses lemniscales dans le noyau ventral postérieur du thalamus /." 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24267/24267.pdf.
Full textProulx, Éliane. "Network interactions of medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and reuniens nucleus of the midline thalamus /." 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25204/25204.pdf.
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