Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nozzle flow characteristics

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  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Nozzle flow characteristics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Nozzle flow characteristics"

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Srinivasarao, T., P. Lovaraju, and E. Rathakrishnan. "Characteristics of Underexpanded Co-Flow Jets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.507.

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The effect of inner nozzle lip thickness on the co-flow jet characteristics has been studied experimentally. Co-flow nozzles with inner nozzle lip thicknesses of 3 mm and 15 mm have been investigated. The thick-lip nozzle promotes mixing better than the thin-lip nozzle, for all the underexpanded operating conditions. The co-flow nozzle with thin-lip is effective in preserving the shock-cells nature, bringing down the longer shock-cell into shorter one and increasing the number of shock-cells compared to that of the co-flow nozzle with thick-lip.
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Hao, Zong Rui, and Zhong Hai Zhou. "Experimental Studies on the Effects of Nozzle Structures on Characteristics of Submerged Gas Jet Noise." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 4620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.4620.

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The structures of nozzle outlet have great effects on jet noise generated by submerged gas jet. Five nozzles with different cross-sections were designed to study the influences of nozzle structures on sound levels by experimental methods. The flow characteristics and sound pressure levels were measured and the gas-liquid flows formed by submerged gas jets under different Weber numbers were also observed. The results show that the gas-liquid flows transformed from bubbling regime to jetting regime with the increase of Weber numbers. With respect to bubbling flow, no significant differences in sound levels for different nozzles were found. However, a remarkable increase of acoustic emission was caused by the transformation of flow patterns over the frequency bands of 0.6-4 kHz for all nozzles. In addition, sound pressure levels for elliptical nozzle were much lower than those of other nozzles over the frequency bands of 0.6-4 kHz. Therefore, it would be a reasonable strategy to adopt several elliptical orifices instead of round nozzle to reduce the gas jet noise in the design of underwater exhaust muffler.
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Narayanan, V., J. Seyed-Yagoobi, and R. H. Page. "Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Slot Jet Reattachment Nozzle." Journal of Heat Transfer 120, no. 2 (May 1, 1998): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824255.

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A two-dimensional reattachment nozzle called the Slot Jet Reattachment (SJR) nozzle was designed and built with a zero degree exit angle. The heat transfer characteristics of this submerged nozzle were investigated by varying the Reynolds number, nozzle exit opening, and nozzle to surface spacing. The pressure distribution on the impingement surface for different Reynolds numbers and exit openings were measured. Correlations for location of the maximum local Nusselt number and local Nusselt number distribution along the minor axis of the SJR nozzle were determined. A nondimensional scheme for generalized representation of heat transfer data for two-dimensional separated/reattaching flows was developed. The local and average heat transfer characteristics along the minor axis of the SJR nozzle were compared to a conventional slot jet nozzle under identical flow power condition. The comparison showed that the peak local heat transfer coefficient for the SJR nozzle was 9 percent higher than that for a standard slot jet nozzle, while its average heat transfer coefficient was lower or at best comparable to the slot jet nozzle based on the same averaged area. The net force exerted per unit width by the SJR nozzle flow was 13 times lower than the slot jet nozzle flow under this criterion. Additional experiments were conducted to compare the SJR and slot jet nozzles under matching local peak pressures exerted by the jet flow on the impingement surface. The results indicated 52 percent increase in the peak local heat transfer coefficient, and a maximum enhancement of 35 percent in average heat transfer coefficient for the SJR nozzle over the slot jet nozzle based on the same averaged area under this criterion.
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KOLARIČ, Dušan, and Marko KOLARIČ. "Example of flow modelling characteristics in diesel engine nozzle." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 90 (March 1, 2016): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2016.90.11.

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Toshihiko, SHAKOUCHI, IRIYAMA Shota, KAWASHIMA Yuki, TSUJIMOTO Koichi, and ANDO Toshitake. "1012 FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBMERGED FREE JET FLOW FROM PETAL-SHAPED NOZZLE." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2013.4 (2013): _1012–1_—_1012–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2013.4._1012-1_.

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Kumar, Bholu, Suresh Kant Verma, and Shantanu Srivastava. "Mixing Characteristics of Supersonic Jet from Bevelled Nozzles." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 559–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390226.

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The present study focuses on the effect of nozzle exit inclination on the mixing characteristics of Mach 2.17 overexpanded jets at the NPR 5, NPR 6 and NPR 7, using commercial software package ANSYS Fluent. The convergent-divergent nozzles, investigated are circular nozzle and bevel nozzle with bevel angle 300, and bevel angel 450. The nozzles are constructed with equal throat-to-exit area ratio, in order to maintain uniform Mach number at the nozzle exit. From the results, it was found that, the bevelled nozzles effectively reduce the jet core as much as 46%, indicating enhanced jet mixing. It was also observed that at lower NPR, i.e., at NPR 5, the Bevel30 nozzle is found superior over Bevel45 and circular nozzle and at the intermediate NPR, both of the Bevel30 and Bevel45 nozzle reduces the jet core with the same rate. However, at highest NPR of the present study, the Bevel45 nozzle exhibits the highest mixing enhancement. An early axis switching is seen for the Bevel30 jet at NPR 5 and for the Bevel45 jet at NPR 7.
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Ruan, Hong Yan, Hui Xia Liu, S. Y. Ding, K. Yang, Xiao Wang, and Lan Cai. "Numerical Simulation of Liquid-Solid Two-Phase Flows on Internal and Outside Flow Field in High Pressure Abrasive Water Jet Cutting Nozzle." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.565.

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Based on premixed high pressure water jet cutting, five kinds of nozzle models were established, and the control equations and closed equtions of liquid-solid two-phase were given. The inside-outside liquid-solid two-phase flow characteristics of the nozzles were simulated by Hybrid Finite Analytic Method (HFAM). The results indicate that the taper-beeline nozzle has better convergence characteristic, good hydraulic characteristic and lower radical velocity, thus it is more suitable for premixed high pressure water jet cutting nozzle.
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Zhai, Chang Yuan, Xiu Wang, Da Yin Liu, Wei Ma, and Yi Jin Mao. "Nozzle Flow Model of High Pressure Variable-Rate Spraying Based on PWM Technology." Advanced Materials Research 422 (December 2011): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.422.208.

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Nozzle flow model for high pressure variable-rate spraying is indispensable when orchard sprayer is controlling liquid flow based on Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology. Three flow models for Teejet AITXA 8002, 8003 and 8004 nozzles are obtained by using nozzle flow model test system which is established in this paper. The results from equation hypothesis test and test for lack of fit of flow model shows that those three flow models work well. Nozzle flow model validation trials show that the relative errors of model flow and actual flow are small, while the maximum relative error is 6.50%; the flows characteristics of different nozzles with the same type are almost the same.
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Salvador, Francisco J., Joaquin de la Morena, Marcos Carreres, and David Jaramillo. "Numerical analysis of flow characteristics in diesel injector nozzles with convergent-divergent orifices." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 14 (February 1, 2017): 1935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017692220.

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The geometry of diesel injector nozzles is known to significantly affect the characteristic spray behavior and emissions formation. In this paper, a novel nozzle concept, consisting of orifices with a convergent–divergent shape, is investigated through Computational Fluid Dynamics techniques. Three of these nozzles, characterized by different degrees of conicity, are compared to a nozzle with cylindrical orifices, which acts as a baseline. A homogeneous equilibrium model, validated against experimental data in previous works by the authors, is used to calculate the eventual cavitation formation inside these orifices. Additionally, the characteristics of the flow at the orifice outlet are analyzed for the four aforementioned nozzles in terms of their steady-state mass flow, effective outlet velocity and area coefficient. The results show that convergent-divergent nozzles exhibit a high cavitation intensity, located in the transition between the convergent and the divergent sections. This high cavitation intensity tends to compensate for the expected velocity decrease induced by the divergent shape, producing effective velocity values similar to those achieved by the cylindrical nozzle in many of the simulated conditions. The characteristics of the flow, together with the higher spray opening angles expected due to the divergent section of the nozzle, may improve atomization and fuel-air mixing processes.
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Li, Bing, Xue Song Hu, Xiao Feng Cao, Gui Qi Jia, Fang Xi Xie, and Wei Hong. "Study on Influence of Nozzle Structure on Flow in Diesel Nozzle Orifice." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.127.

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The fuel flow characteristics in diesel nozzle orifice are key factors to the atomization of fuel near the nozzle orifice. In the paper, two-phase flow model is used to simulate the complex flow features in nozzle orifice, and to study the influences of the relative position of nozzles orifice axis and nozzle axis, and inclination angle of nozzle hole on the internal flow feature.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nozzle flow characteristics"

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Madamadakala, Ganapathi Reddy. "Heat transfer and flow characteristics of sonic nozzle." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15911.

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Master of Science
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Steven Eckels
The current research presents the experimental investigation of heat transfer and flow characteristics of sonic multiphase flow in a converging-diverging nozzle. R134a and R123 are used in this study. Four different nozzle assemblies with two different throat sizes (2.43mm and 1.5 mm with 1° growth angle with the centerline of the nozzle in the diverging section) and two different heater lengths (200 mm and 125 mm) were tested. Each test section was an assembly of aluminum nozzle sections. The experimental facility design allowed controlling three variables: throat velocity, inlet temperature, back pressure saturation temperature. The analysis used to find the average heat transfer of the fluid to each nozzle section. This was achieved by measuring the nozzle wall temperature and fluid pressure in a steady state condition. Two methods for finding the average heat flux in sonic nozzle were included in the data analysis: infinite contact resistance and zero contact resistance between nozzle sections. The input variables ranges were 25 °C and 30 °C for inlet temperature and back pressure saturation temperatures, 1100-60,000 kg/m[superscript]2s for mass flux, and 1.4-700 kW/m[superscript]2 heat flux. The effect of the mass flux and heat flux on the average two-phase heat transfer coefficients was investigated. The flow quality, Mach number(M), and Nusselt number ratio ([phi]) were also calculated for each section of the nozzle. As the fluid flowed through the nozzle, the pressure of the liquid dropped below the inlet saturation pressure of the liquid due to sonic expansion in the nozzle. This temperature drop was significantly lower in the case of R134a than R123. The results showed that the two-phase heat transfer coefficients were above of 30000 W/m^2 K in the first 75 mm of the nozzle, and they decreased along the nozzle. The Mach number profile appeared similar to the temperature profile, and the fluid was in the sonic region as long as temperature of the fluid dropped in the nozzle. Nusselt number ratios were compared with the Mach numbers and showed that the Nusselt number ratio were increased in the sonic region. The results showed that the length of the sonic region was larger for R123 than for R134a, and the Mach numbers were higher for R123. The Nusselt ratios of R123 were low compared to the R134a cases, and the trend in the Nusselt ratios was notably different as well.
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Cresci, Irene. "High pressure nozzle guide vane cooling system flow characteristics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b8826eb5-f4ad-4fe8-8730-9134fd9fd183.

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The continuous demand from the airlines for reduced jet engine fuel consumption results in increasingly challenging high pressure turbine nozzle guide vane (NGV) working conditions. The capability to reproduce representative boundary conditions in a rig at the combustor-turbine interaction plane is a key feature when testing NGVs in an engine-representative environment. A large scale linear cascade rig to investigate NGV leading edge cooling systems has been designed with particular attention being paid to creating engine representative conditions at the NGV inlet plane. The combustor simulator replicates the main features of a rich-burn design including large dilution jets and extensive endwall film cooling. CFD simulations have been used to develop the design which matches Reynolds number and mainstream-to-dilution jet momentum flux ratio. Detailed measurements of velocity, turbulence and temperature have been acquired at the NGV inlet plane. A thermo-couple was manufactured from 12.7 Î1⁄4m diameter wire and carefully calibrated to obtain its time constant in the velocity range of interest. The results are compared to CFD predictions and data in the literature. The time-averaged measurements show that the flow field conditions are dominated by the endwall cooling flows. The time-resolved data show that the measured turbulence length scale reflects the scale of the relevant upstream jets while the spectrum of temperature fluctuations reports a thermal cascade independent of any geometrical features. Attention was also focused on the flow field downstream of different endwall film cooling holes configurations: three arrangements of a double row of staggered cylindrical holes (lateral pitch-to-diameter ratio of 2 - 3 - 6) and one with intersecting holes (intersecting angle of 90o) were experimentally and numerically analyzed. The research quantified the extent by which closer spaced hole configurations provide more effective film coverage. It was found that the turbulent integral length scales are strongly connected to the hole diameter and spacing. It was also found that intersecting holes can potentially reduce the amount of required coolant at a fixed pressure ratio, but offer worst film performance than cylindrical holes. RANS simulations proved successful at predicting the main trends shown by the measurements. A new concept to increase the pressure margin across the film cooling holes in a specific region of vane LE coolant passage was introduced and developed: an insert was used to cover the area with the highest risk of ingestion, slowing down the flow and increasing the local static pressure. Numerical simulations were initially used to compare different designs and to analyse the impact of the insert on the overall coolant flow distribution. In particular, the effect on the static pressure downstream of the insert was identified as a critical factor that needs to be taken into account during the design process in order to avoid hot gas ingestion in other areas. The experimental campaign proved the ability of this new design to significantly increase the pressure margin in the covered region.
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Kumar, A. "Investigation of in-nozzle flow characteristics of fuel injectors of IC engines." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17583/.

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Almost all automotive fuel injection systems are experiencing some form of cavitation within their nozzle under different operating conditions. In-nozzle cavitation initiates in various forms and directly influences the emerging spray. Experimental studies have shown that cavitation in diesel injectors leads to smaller droplet formation, especially by the on-going trend towards higher injection pressures, which enhances fuel evaporation but also creates undesirable consequences due to transient nature of cavitation such as spray instabilities, erosion on internal surfaces, and hydraulic flip. Thus, the understanding of the internal flow of automotive fuel injectors is critical for injector design. On the other hand, biodiesel has emerged as one of the potential alternative fuel which can also be carbon neutral because it uptakes CO2 during cultivation of its feedstock and can be used in existing diesel engines with little or no modifications. Therefore, the present study is focused on assessing and outlining cost-effective methods to analyse internal flow in fuel injectors for diesel and biodiesel fuel applications. In the present study, RANS-based (Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes) CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) approach has been chosen to simulate quasi-steady flows in the steady state test rigs of fuel injectors of IC engines. The RANS approach is selected over computationally expensive SAS (Scale Adaptive Simulations), DES (Detached Eddy Simulations) and LES (Large Eddy Simulations) because it was considered that these quasi-steady simulations could be performed within hours and with less computing resources using RANS rather using SAS, DES and LES which may require orders more time and computing resources. Cavitation models and RANSbased turbulence models have been evaluated for single-hole and multi-hole injectors operating on steady state test rigs. Furthermore, influences of liquid and vapour compressibility were also investigated. Influences of biodiesel properties such as higher viscosity and density on cavitation were also assessed. In the first part of the study, single-phase simulations have been carried out in the mini-sac type multi-hole (6) injector. Several two-equation turbulence and near wall models were assessed, amongst most appropriate for the application were identified. Predicted mean velocity and RMS velocity were compared with measurements and showed good agreements. Flow field analysis showed predictions of different types of vortices in the injector. Two main types of vortex structures were predicted: ‘Hole-to-hole’ connecting vortex and double ‘counterrotating’ vortices emerging from the needle wall and entering the injector hole facing it. The latter create a complex 3D flow inside the injector hole when it interacts with the recirculation region at the entrance of the injector hole. Cavitation simulations inside a single-hole injector were next performed. Simulations were assessed by comparing predicted vapour volume fraction with measurements. Influences of liquid and vapour compressibility were also checked. The compressibility of vapour was modelled using ideal gas law and liquid compressibility was modelled using the Tait equation. Vapour compressibility resulted in an increase of vapour volume fraction at the low-pressure region and predictions were also in better agreements with experimental data. The liquid compressibility made no impact on the simulation results. The local sonic speed in the liquid-vapour mixture was computed using Wallis model which predicted a very low local sonic speed in the liquid-vapour mixture. Therefore, the local flow in liquid-vapour mixture became supersonic. A normal shock wave was predicted just downstream of the cavitation bubble cloud as local flow velocity was reduced from supersonic to subsonic. Finally, the cavitation simulations were performed in the enlarged mini-sac type multi-hole injector. Established turbulence, cavitation and compressibility models from above studies were used. Reasonable quantitative agreements with experimental data were obtained for the mean axial velocity and RMS velocity. Reasonable qualitative agreements were also achieved when predicted cavitation results were compared with high-speed digital images. Henceforth a parametric study to assess the influence of biodiesel fuel properties such as an increase in viscosity and density on the cavitation was performed. Viscosity and density of both phases in the fluid were parametrically increased by 20%. Results showed that cavitation was suppressed when the viscosity was increased because it increased the flow resistance, thus reduced the velocity. This caused a reduction in the size of recirculation region at the entrance of the injector hole and hence a smaller saturation pressure region was predicted. Cavitation was further suppressed when density was increased causing the reduction in the velocity at the same mass flow rate, which further reduced the recirculation region, therefore, reduced the saturation pressure region and consequently cavitation.
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Maxted, Katsuo J. "Experimental Investigation on Acoustic Characteristics of Convergent Orifices in Bias Flow." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439304400.

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MA, ZHANHUA. "INVESTIGATION ON THE INTERNAL FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESSURE-SWIRL ATOMIZERS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1016634882.

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Rejent, Andrew. "Experimental Study of the Flow and Acoustic Characteristics of a High-Bypass Coaxial Nozzle with Pylon Bifurcations." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250272655.

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Hallenbeck, Kyle. "LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER WATER FLOW CHARACTERISTICS THROUGH RECTANGULAR MICRO DIFFUSERS/NOZZLES WITH A PRIMARY FOCUS ON MAJOR/MINOR P." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3406.

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The field of microfluidics has recently been gathering a lot of attention due to the enormous demand for devices that work in the micro scale. The problem facing many researchers and designers is the uncertainty in using macro scaled theory, as it seems in some situations they are incorrect. The general idea of this work was to decide whether or not the flow through micro diffusers and nozzles follow the same trends seen in macro scale theory. Four testing wafers were fabricated using PDMS soft lithography including 38 diffuser/nozzle channels a piece. Each nozzle and diffuser consisted of a throat dimension of 100μm x 50μm, leg lengths of 142μm, and half angles varying from 0o – 90o in increments of 5o. The flow speeds tested included throat Reynolds numbers of 8.9 – 89 in increments of 8.9 using distilled water as the fluid. The static pressure difference was measured from the entrance to the exit of both the diffusers and the nozzles and the collected data was plotted against a fully attached macro theory as well as Idelchik's approximations. Data for diffusers and nozzles up to HA = 50o hints at the idea that the flow is neither separating nor creating a vena contracta. In this region, static pressure recovery within diffuser flow is observed as less than macro theory would predict and the losses that occur within a nozzle are also less than macro theory would predict. Approaching a 50o HA and beyond shows evidence of unstable separation and vena contracta formation. In general, it appears that there is a micro scaled phenomenon happening in which flow gains available energy when the flow area is increased and looses available energy when the flow area decreases. These new micro scaled phenomenon observations seem to lead to a larger and smaller magnitude of pressure loss respectively.
M.S.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering MSME
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Glaspell, Aspen W. "Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Characteristics of Two-Phase Jet Impingement at LowNozzle-to-Plate Spacing." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1534357333244428.

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Nyantekyi-Kwakye, Baafour. "Experimental investigation on the flow characteristics of three-dimensional turbulent offset jets." Taylor and Francis Group, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31626.

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An experimental study was designed to investigate the effect of different parameters on the development and structure of turbulent 3D offset jets. The present investigation considered the effects of offset height ratio, expansion ratio, surface roughness and rib placement on the flow dynamics of a turbulent 3D offset jet. The velocity measurements were performed using an acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Measurements were conducted within the symmetry and lateral planes. For the PIV technique, the measurements in the symmetry and lateral planes were conducted over a streamwise range of 0 ≤ x/bo ≤ 80 and 12 ≤ x/bo ≤ 60, respectively (where bo is the nozzle height). Likewise, velocity measurements using the ADV technique were conducted over a range of 4 ≤ x/bo ≤ 45 in both the symmetry and lateral planes. The velocity measurements were analyzed using both one-point and multi-point statistics. The one-point statistics included profiles of the mean velocities, Reynolds stresses and some of the budget terms in the turbulent kinetic energy transport equation. The quadrant analysis technique was used to investigate the dominant events that contribute towards the Reynolds shear stress. The two-point correlation analysis was used to investigate how the turbulence quantities are correlated. Information obtained from the two-point correlation analysis was also used to investigate the inclination of vortical structures within the inner and outer shear layers of the 3D offset jet. The direction of the positive mean shear gradient played an active role in the inclination of these vortical structures within the inner and outer shear layers. The reattachment process resulted in the breakdown of these structures within the developing region. Similarly, various length scales were estimated from these structures. The proper orthogonal decomposition was used to examine the distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy within the offset jet flow. Also, the dynamic role of the large scale structures towards the turbulent intensities, turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress was investigated.
October 2016
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Viera, Sotillo Juan Pablo. "Experimental study of the effect of nozzle geometry on the performance of direct-injection diesel sprays for three different fuels." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/81857.

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This thesis studies the influence of internal nozzle flow characteristics over a large spectrum of experimental conditions and diagnostics. Experiments were carried out for two nozzle geometries---cylindrical and conical single hole nozzles---and three different fuels. Two of the fuels are pure components---n-heptane and n-dodecane---while the third fuel consists of a three-component surrogate to better represent the physical and chemical properties of diesel fuel. Measurements include a complete hydraulic characterization consisting of instantaneous injection rate and spray momentum flux measurements; a high-speed visualization of isothermal liquid spray; a high-speed visualization of the evaporative inert spray, imaging liquid and vapor phases simultaneously and finally, a high-speed visualization of the high temperature reactive spray, imaging vapor phase and OH* chemiluminescence for each injection event. All high-temperature diagnostics were performed in a continuous flow test chamber that allows an accurate control on a wide range of thermodynamic conditions (up to 1000 K and 15 MPa). The experimental findings from this work, and the large database obtained (available for download at: http://www.cmt.upv.es/DD01.aspx), could be used to validate CFD models that could help the community understand the fundamental driving mechanisms behind these observations.
En esta tesis se estudia la influencia del flujo interno sobre un amplio espectro de condiciones y diagnósticos experimentales. Se realizaron experimentos para dos geometrías de tobera---toberas cilíndrica y cónica de un único orificio---y tres combustibles. Dos de los combustibles son puros---n-heptano y n-dodecano--- mientras el tercero es un combustible sustituto que consiste en una mezcla de tres componentes que busca representar mejor las propiedades físicas y químicas del diesel. Las medidas incluyen una caracterización hidráulica completa, compuesta por tasa de inyección y cantidad de movimiento instantáneas; una visualización de alta velocidad del chorro líquido isotermo; una visualización de alta velocidad del chorro inerte evaporativo, con captura simultánea de las fases líquida y vapor y, finalmente, una visualización del chorro reactivo a alta temperatura, con captura de la fase vapor y la quimioluminiscencia del radical OH* para cada evento de inyección. Todos los diagnósticos en condiciones de alta temperatura fueron realizados en una maqueta de alta presión y temperatura de flujo constante que permite controlar con precisión un rango amplio de condiciones termodinámicas (hasta 1000 K y 15 MPa). Los resultados experimentales y la gran base de datos obtenida en este trabajo (disponible en: http://www.cmt.upv.es/DD01.aspx), podrían ser utilizados para validar modelos CFD detallados que podrían ayudar a la comunidad científica a entender mejor los mecanismos fundamentales que producen los resultados observados.
Aquesta tesi estudia la influència del flux intern sobre un gran espectre de condicions i diagnòstics experimentals. Es van realitzar experiments per a dos geometries de tovera---toveres ci¿líndrica i cónica amb un únic orifici---i tres combustibles. Dos dels combustibles són purs---n-heptà i n-dodecà--- mentre el tercer combustible consisteix en una mescla de tres components que formen un combustible substitut que busca representar millor les propietats físiques i químiques del dièsel. Les mesures inclouen una caracterització hidràulica completa, composta per taxa d'injecció i quantitat de moviment instantanis; visualització d'alta velocitat del doll líquid isoterme; visualització d'alta velocitat del doll inert evaporatiu, capturant simultàniament les fases líquid i vapor i, finalment, una visualització del doll reactiu a alta temperatura, capturant la fase vapor i la quimioluminiscència del radical OH per a cada esdeveniment d'injecció. Tots els diagnòstics en condicions d'alta temperatura van ser realitzats en una insta¿lació d'alta pressió i temperatura amb flux constant que permet controlar amb precisió un ampli rang de condicions termodinàmiques (fins a 1000 K i 15 MPa). Els resultats experimentals i la gran base de dades obtinguda en aquest treball (disponible a la web en: http://www.cmt.upv.es/dd01.aspx), podrien ser utilitzats per tal de validar models CFD detallats que podrien ajudar a la comunitat científica a entendre millor els mecanismes fonamentals que produeixen aquestes observacions.
Viera Sotillo, JP. (2017). Experimental study of the effect of nozzle geometry on the performance of direct-injection diesel sprays for three different fuels [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/81857
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Books on the topic "Nozzle flow characteristics"

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Schneider, Steven P. Supersonic quiet-tunnel development for laminar-turbulent transition research: Final report for NASA Langley grant NAG-1-1607. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Glahn, U. Von. Plume characteristics of single-stream and dual-flow conventional and inverted-profile nozzles at equal thrust. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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B, Lakshminarayana, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., eds. Three dimensional viscous flow field in an axial flow turbine nozzle passage. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1997.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Spreading characteristics and thrust of jets from asymmetric nozzles. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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A, Yoder Dennis, DeBonis James R, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. A comparison of three Navier-Stokes solvers for exhaust nozzle flowfields. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Supersonic quiet-tunnel development for laminar-turbulent transition research: Final report for NASA Langley grant NAG-1-1607. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Supersonic quiet-tunnel development for laminar-turbulent transition research: Final report for NASA Langley grant NAG-1-1607. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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H, Goodykoontz Jack, Wasserbauer Charles A, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Velocity and temperature decay characteristics of inverted-profile jets. [Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1986.

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S, Ukeiley Lawrence, Lee Sang W, and Langley Research Center, eds. Aeroacoustic data for a high Reynolds number axisymmetric subsonic jet. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nozzle flow characteristics"

1

Gavaises, M., C. Arcoumanis, H. Roth, Y. S. Choi, and A. Theodorakakos. "Nozzle Flow and Spray Characteristics from VCO Diesel Injector Nozzles." In Thermo- and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Diesel Engines 2, 31–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10502-3_3.

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Génin, Chloé, Dirk Schneider, and Ralf Stark. "Dual-Bell Nozzle Design." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 395–406. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_25.

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Abstract The dual-bell nozzle is an altitude adaptive nozzle concept that offers two operation modes. In the framework of the German Research Foundation Special Research Field SFB TRR40, the last twelve years have been dedicated to study the dual-bell nozzle characteristics, both experimentally and numerically. The obtained understanding on nozzle contour and inflection design, transition behavior and transition prediction enabled various follow-ups like a wind tunnel study on the dual-bell wake flow, a shock generator study on a film cooled wall inflection or, in higher scale, the hot firing test of a thrust chamber featuring a film cooled dual-bell nozzle. A parametrical system study revealed the influence of the nozzle geometry on the flow behavior and the resulting launcher performance increase.
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Huang, Weidi, Zhijun Wu, Ya Gao, Huifeng Gong, Zongjie Hu, Liguang Li, and Furu Zhuang. "The Influence of Diesel Nozzle Structure on Internal Flow Characteristics." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 421–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33841-0_31.

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Teramoto, Hiroshi, and Takahiro Kiwata. "Flow Characteristics of Multiple Round Jets Issuing from In-line Nozzle Arrangement." In Fluid-Structure-Sound Interactions and Control, 161–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7542-1_25.

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Panigrahi, S., P. S. Maity, Gyan Sagar Sinha, D. Dangi, and Atal Bihari Harichandan. "Modified Method of Characteristics for Analysing Cold Flow in Bell-Type Rocket Nozzle." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 157–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7831-1_15.

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Raju, Martin, V. V. Ijas Muhammed, Abhilash Suryan, and Heuy Dong Kim. "Computational Study on the Flow Characteristics in a Film Cooled Dual-Bell Nozzle." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 225–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5183-3_24.

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Gong, Chao, and R. Baar. "Study of the influence of low needle lifts process on the internal flow and spray characteristics in Diesel injection nozzle." In 17. Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium, 989–1011. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16988-6_77.

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Loosen, Simon, Matthias Meinke, and Wolfgang Schröder. "Numerical Analysis of the Turbulent Wake for a Generic Space Launcher with a Dual-Bell Nozzle." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 163–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_10.

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Abstract The turbulent wake of an axisymmetric generic space launcher equipped with a dual-bell nozzle is simulated at transonic ($$Ma_\infty = 0.8$$ and $$Re_D = 4.3\cdot 10^5$$) and supersonic ($$Ma_\infty = 3$$ and $$Re_D = 1.2\cdot 10^6$$) freestream conditions, to investigate the influence of the dual-bell nozzle jet onto the wake flow and vice versa. In addition, flow control by means of four in circumferential direction equally distributed jets injecting air encountering the backflow in the recirculation region is utilized to determine if the coherence of the wake and consequently, the buffet loads can be reduced by flow control. The simulations are performed using a zonal RANS/LES approach. The time-resolved flow field data are analyzed by classical spectral analysis, two-point correlation analysis, and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). At supersonic freestream conditions, the nozzle counter pressure is reduced by the expansion of the outer flow around the nozzle lip leading to a decreased transition nozzle pressure ratio. In the transonic configuration a spatio-temporal mode with an eigenvalue matching the characteristic buffet frequency of $$Sr_D=0.2$$ is extracted by the spectral and DMD analysis. The spatial shape of the detected mode describes an antisymmetric wave-like undulating motion of the shear layer inducing the low frequency dynamic buffet loads. By flow control this antisymmetric coherent motion is weakened leading to a reduction of the buffet loads on the nozzle fairing.
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Kumar, Kiran, Abhilash Suryan, V. Lijo, and Heuy Dong Kim. "Numerical Investigation on Flow Separation Characteristics of Truncated Ideal Contour Nozzles." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 365–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1892-8_29.

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Long, Xinping, and Qi Liu. "Numerical Analysis of the Liquid-Gas-Solid Three Phase Flow Inside AWJ Nozzle." In Abrasive Technology - Characteristics and Applications. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75938.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nozzle flow characteristics"

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Mulemane, Aditya, and Ming-Chia Lai. "Predicting Diesel Injector Nozzle Flow Characteristics." In SIAT 2004. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-28-0014.

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Hwang, Joonsik, Choongsik Bae, Chetankumar Patel, Avinash Kumar Agarwal, and Tarun Gupta. "Near Nozzle Flow and Atomization Characteristics of Biodiesel Fuels." In International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-2327.

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Sengupta, Soumyo, Lionel Agostini, and Datta V. Gaitonde. "Effect of Asymmetric Nozzle Configuration on Jet Flow Characteristics." In 46th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4095.

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Tomita, Takeo, Mamoru Takahashi, Masaki Sasaki, and Hiroshi Tamura. "Investigation on Characteristics of Conventional-Nozzle-Based Altitude Compensating Nozzles by Cold-Flow Tests." In 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4375.

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Teramoto, Hiroshi, Takahiro Kiwata, and Kako Yajima. "Influence of Nozzle Aspect Ratio and Orientation on Flow Characteristics of Multiple Elliptic Jets." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5255.

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Abstract An experimental study is conducted to investigate the flow characteristics of multiple elliptic jets issuing from a 6 × 6 nozzle array at a relatively low-Reynolds number (Re = 4.3 × 103). Two aspect ratios of the multiple elliptic nozzles (equivalent diameter, de, of a nozzle was 6 mm), namely a/b = 2.25 and 6.25, where a and b are the radii of the major and minor axes of an elliptic nozzle, respectively, and two nozzle azimuthal orientations, namely the same and alternate azimuthal orientation arrangements, were used. The mean and fluctuating velocities were measured using a constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer. The multiple jets located at the side of the ambient fluid were stretched due to interactions between the self-induced flow of an elliptic vortex ring and the secondary flow caused by the entrainment of the ambient fluid. For a/b = 2.25, axis switching occurred only once in the range of 1 < x/de ≤ 3 for both nozzle azimuthal orientations. For a/b = 6.25 and the same azimuthal orientation arrangement, axis switching occurred only once at 3 < x/de ≤ 5; axis switching did not occur for the alternate azimuthal orientation arrangement. Thus, the flow characteristics of multiple elliptic jets are influenced by the azimuthal orientation of adjoining nozzles.
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Choi, Young-Do, Jea-Ik Lim, You-Taek Kim, and Young-Ho Lee. "Internal Flow Characteristics of Cross-Flow Hydraulic Turbine With the Variation of Nozzle Shape." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37541.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the optimum configuration of nozzle shape to further optimize the cross-flow hydraulic turbine structure and improve the performance. The results show that CFD analysis for the cross-flow turbine can be adopted as a useful method to examine the internal flow and turbine performance in detail. Pressure on the runner blade in Stage 1 and velocity at nozzle outlet have close relation to the turbine performance. The performance characteristics of cross-flow turbine have both impulse turbine and reaction turbine simultaneously.
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Som, Sibendu, and Douglas E. Longman. "Nozzle Flow Characteristics of Alternate Fuels for Compression Ignition Engine Applications." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81078.

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Inner nozzle flow characteristics (e.g., cavitation, turbulence, injection velocity) are known to affect spray development and hence combustion and emissions. Our previous studies showed that petrodiesel and biodiesel (soybean-based fuels) had very different cavitation and turbulence characteristics, which caused differences in spray breakup, penetration, dispersion, etc. Specifically, the atomization characteristics of biodiesel were worse than those of diesel; they were a direct consequence of biodiesel’s reduced cavitation and turbulence levels at the nozzle exit. In this study, the nozzle flow characteristics of biodiesel (from different feedstocks like tallow, soy, rapeseed, cuphea, and hydrotreated vegetable oil [HVO]) were compared with those of diesel. The first step was to obtain data on the physical properties of these fuels (e.g., their density, viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure) at different temperatures. At full-needle open position, the cavitation contours scaled with the vapor pressure and viscosity; hence, methyl esters such as soy (SME), rapeseed (RME), and tallow (TME) exhibited less cavitation. The nozzle discharge coefficient, exit velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and dissipation rate at the orifice exit were also compared for these fuels. Transient effects due to needle movement upon the inception of cavitation were studied. The effects of different needle-lift profiles (pertaining to various load conditions) on the nozzle flow development of these fuels were also characterized. This study also provides data on the critical boundary conditions for spray simulations from using the Kelvin Helmholtz-aerodynamic cavitation turbulence (KH-ACT) model, which accounts for cavitation and turbulence-induced breakup in addition to aerodynamic breakup.
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Tomita, Takeo, Mamoru Takahashi, and Masaki Sasaki. "Investigation on Characteristics of Conventional-Nozzle-Based Altitude Compensating Nozzles by Cold-Flow Tests (II) Side-Load Characteristics During Transition." In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5472.

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Orakwe, P. A., D. A. Johnson, and E. J. Weckman. "Examination of Welding Nozzle Jet Flow at Cold Flow Conditions." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31375.

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A fundamental study of welding nozzle flow under cold flow conditions is presented. The aim is to examine the shielding gas flow characteristics for several Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) flow conditions. Experimental investigations and numerical modeling are used to predict the flow behaviour of the gas shielding the weld pool. Results are presented for generic GMAW nozzle configurations at typical welding situations under cold flow. Flow visualization and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) reveal the various flow characteristics that are crucial to optimization of weld pool protection by the shielding gas. Numerical modeling of the flow is performed at conditions similar to the PIV experiments using the k-ε turbulence model in a commercial CFD package. Numerical predictions of the mean velocities agree reasonably well with PIV experiments, particularly in the radial wall jet region of the flow field. However, the turbulent kinetic energy is greatly over-predicted due to the eddy-viscosity stress-strain approximation in the k-ε model.
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Umeda, S., S. Manmoto, and K. Horii. "Characteristics of Ambivalent Flows in Diamond-Shaped Cylinder Bundles With Slit Flow." In ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2005-77410.

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A new nozzle using a composite flow network has been developed for plain air film stabilization without film break. The design consists of a slit duct with layers of diamond-shaped cylinder bundles. Tests were conducted using air at average velocity of 8m/s. The new nozzle had a stabilized length in its flow direction stretching 2 times, compared to a conventional slit design. The development of new nozzle was based on fluid dynamic theory. A new type of intersecting flow networks, to be referred to as composite flow network, was constructed consisting of ambivalent flows superposed with con-current thin-film flows in diamond-shaped cylinder bundles. Our previous experiments have revealed the occurrence of flip-flop flow with self-sustained flow oscillations and the generation of longitudinal vortices in the diamond-shaped cylinder bundle. It is conceivable to extend longitudinal vortex flow in composite flow networks through interacting with flip-flop flow exiting from a pre-fixed multiple-intersecting flow network in order to strengthen and thus stretch its efflux.
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Reports on the topic "Nozzle flow characteristics"

1

Duignan, M. R., and C. P. May. Final data report: Plenum-Nozzle Flow Characteristics Experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10107051.

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Grossir, Guillaume. On the design of quiet hypersonic wind tunnels. Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35294/tm57.

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This document presents a thorough literature review on the development of hypersonic quiet tunnels. The concept of boundary layer transition in high-speed flows is presented first. Its consequences on the free-stream turbulence levels in ground facilities are reviewed next, demonstrating that running boundary layers along the nozzle walls must remain laminar for quiet operation. The design key points that enable laminar boundary layers and hypersonic operation with low free-stream noise levels are then identified and discussed. The few quiet facilities currently operating through the world are also presented, along with their design characteristics and performances. The expected characteristics and performances of a European quiet tunnel are also discussed, along with flow characterization methodologies and different measurement techniques. It is finally shown that the required expertise to establish the first European quiet hypersonic wind tunnel is mostly at hand.
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