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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Np9'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Keller, Theresa [Verfasser]. "Expression des endogenen retroviralen Proteins Np9 in Tumorstammzellen der akuten myeloischen Leukämie (AML) / Theresa Keller." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223925072/34.

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2

Kehr, Sandra. "Untersuchung der Expression des HERV-K(HML-2)-Gens np9 in verschiedenen Tumorentitäten und Analyse der transkriptionell aktiven Proviren." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988284340/04.

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3

Kehr, Sandra [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung der Expression des HERV-K(HML-2)-Gens np9 in verschiedenen Tumorentitäten und Analyse der transkriptionell aktiven Proviren / eingereicht von Sandra Kehr." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989050599/34.

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4

Büscher, Kristina. "Expression und biologische Funktion von humanen endogenen Retroviren (HERVs)." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15555.

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Daten des humanen Genomprojektes zeigen, dass ca. 8% des gesamten humanen Genoms aus retroviralen Sequenzen besteht. Der überwiegende Teil dieser Proviren ist aufgrund verschiedener Mutationen defekt. Im Gegensatz zu allen anderen HERV Proviren scheinen einige HERV-K Proviren intakt zu sein und besitzen offene Leserahmen für alle viralen Proteine. Die Familie des humanen endogenen Retrovirus K HML2 umfasst ca. 30 eng verwandte Proviren. Zusätzlich zu den Strukturproteinen Gag und Env und der Reversen Transkriptase, exprimiert HERV-K zwei regulatorische Proteine, Rec und Np9. Beide sind im Nukleus lokalisiert und tumorigene Eigenschaften bzw. eine Expression in Assoziation mit Tumorgeweben wurde nachgewiesen. Neben Zelllinien, wie die Teratokarzinomzelllinie GH und einigen Brustkrebszelllinien, für die die Expression von HERV-K mRNA und die Produktion von Viruspartikeln bekannt ist, konnte die Expression von HERV-K Proteinen und Partikeln für Melanomzellen gezeigt werden. Volllängen mRNA von HERV-K war in allen untersuchten humanen Proben nachweisbar. Gespleißtes env und rec war in 39% der Gewebe und in 38% der Melanomzelllinien exprimiert. Zusätzlich werden HERV-H, -R und -W exprimiert. Von den auf spezifische Antikörper gegen HERV-K Proteine untersuchten Seren der Melanompatienten waren 16% positiv für das transmembrane Hüllprotein, jedoch reagierte kein Serum mit Re oder Np9. Da im Zuge der Entstehung von Tumoren immer auch eine Dedifferenzierung der entarteten Zellen diskutiert wird, wurde die Expression von HERVs in undifferenzierten, embryonalen Stammzellen bestimmt. In den untersuchten embryonalen Stammzellen lässt sich Volllängen mRNA, sowie gespleißte env, rec und np9 mRNA nachweisen. Während der Differenzierung zu neuronalen Vorläuferzellen sinkt die Expression jedoch wieder auf ein mit normalen Zellen vergleichbares Niveau. Obwohl gespleißte RNA und virale Proteine von HERV-K vor allem in Tumoren und Tumorzelllinien exprimiert werden, ist deren Funktion während der Tumorentstehung noch immer ungeklärt. Auch die Bedeutung der HERV-K Expression in humanen Stammzellen ist noch unklar, insbesondere in Hinblick auf eine mögliche Tumorigenität.
In contrast to all other human endogenous retroviruses, proviruses of the human endogenous retrovirus family HERV-K have maintained open reading frames for all viral proteins. Although most proviruses are defective, structural proteins Gag and Env, the reverse transcriptase and two regulatory proteins, Rec and Np9, have been described. Rec resembles the Rev protein of HIV and tumourigenic potential was confirmed. Np9 as well is located in the nucleus and expression in association with tumour tissues was observed. Additionally to cell lines known to produce HERV-K virus particles, such as the teratocarcinoma cell line GH and breast cancer cell lines, recently melanoma cells were described to express HERV-K proteins and particles. In order to study the expression of HERV-K, -H, -R and -W, in melanoma cell lines and biopsies primer sets were used. Antisera specific for HERV-K proteins were used for immunohistochemistry and sera from melanoma patients were investigated for HERV-K specific antibodies. Full length mRNAs of all HERVs were found in all human cells. Spliced env and rec of HERV-K were detected in 39% of the melanoma biopsies and in 38% of the melanoma cell lines. Expression of HERV-K in situ was shown by immunohistochemistry. In addition, 16% of the patients sera tested showed antibodies against the HERV-K transmembrane envelope protein, but no antibodies against Np9 or Rec could be detected. A certain dedifferentiation of cells as a consequence of tumour development is discussed. Therefore the expression of HERV-K in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells was investigated. The investigated stem cells showed expression of HERV-K full length, env, rec and np9 mRNA. Although the expression decreased with differentiation to neuronal precursor cells. Even though HERV-K mRNA and proteins were expressed in a high percentage of melanomas their function in tumour development is still unclear. As well as the meaning of the HERV-K expression in embryonic stem cells, particularly for a tumourigenic potential.

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5

Machicao, y. Priemer Antonio. "NP-Arguments in NPs." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20109.

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Thema der Dissertation sind Nominalphrasen im Deutschen und Spanischen. Die Dissertation ist in 5 Abschnitte unterteilt. Das erste Kapitel gibt die Motivation der Arbeit, und im letzten Kapitel werden die Ergebnisse zusammengefasst und mögliche Erweiterungen diskutiert. Im zweiten Kapitel wird eine Einführung in den theoretischen Rahmen, die Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), gegeben und mit generativen Ansätzen verglichen. Dabei werden die Grundlagen und die Beschreibungsmechanismen der Theorie erklärt. HPSG ist ein oberflächenorientiertes, deklaratives, beschränkungsbasiertes Framework. Im dritten Kapitel werden vier zentrale syntaktische Begriffe besprochen und diskutiert: Kopf, Argument, Adjunkt und Spezifikator. Trotz ihrer Relevanz in der linguistischen Literatur werden diese vier Relationen verschieden interpretiert. Bei der Diskussion dieser syntaktischen Hauptrelationen werden die entsprechenden HPSG Mechanismen erklärt, mit denen sie beschrieben werden, u.a. das Semantik-Prinzip und das Kopfmerkmalsprinzip. Das vierte Kapitel der Dissertation beinhaltet Analysen für drei verschiedene Phänomene der NPs im Deutschen und Spanischen: Kasusmarkierung, optionale Argumente und pränominale Argumente. Deutsch und Spanisch unterscheiden sich in der Art und Weise, wie sie Kasus an ihren NPs markieren. Deutsch markiert sie morphologisch und Spanisch syntaktisch. Beide Arten der Markierung werden modelliert und verglichen. In Bezug auf die Optionalität von Argumenten wird zunächst die verbale Domäne betrachtet. Anhand dieser Analyse wird dann die nominale Domäne modelliert. Im letzten Teil wird eine Analyse für die pränominalen Argumente gegeben. Dabei werden folgende Aspekte betrachtet: Kombinatorik verschiedener Argumente, Theta-Rollenvergabe für die Argumente, Fakultativität der Argumente und Behandlung der (In-)Definitheit bei pränominalen Genitiven.
The topic of this dissertation are noun phrases in German and Spanish. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter presents the motivation of the work, and in the last chapter a summary is presented and discussed. In the second chapter, I give an introduction into the theoretical framework, Head-Driven Phase Structure Grammar (HPSG) by explaining its fundamental mechanisms, and compare it to generative approaches. HPSG is a surface oriented, declarative, constraint-based framework. In the third chapter, four central syntactic concepts are critically discussed: head, argument, adjunct, and specifier. Although these four concepts are highly relevant in the linguistic literature, they are often interpreted differently. While discussing these fours syntactic relations, I explain the main mechanisms of HPSG to describe them, e.g. the Semantic Principle and the Head Feature Principle. The fourth chapter contains analyses for three different NP phenomena in German and Spanish: case marking, optionality of arguments, and prenominal arguments. German and Spanish differ in the way they mark case on their NPs. German case-marks NPs morphologically, while case marking in Spanish is syntactic. Both types of marking are modelled and compared. Regarding argument optionality, I first look at the verbal domain and use this analysis to model optionality in the nominal domain. The last part of this chapter gives an analysis of prenominal arguments. The following aspects are considered: combinatory of a head noun with different arguments, theta role assignment for the arguments of a nominal head, optionality of arguments and treatment of (in-)definiteness in prenominal genitives.

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6

Müller, Stefan [Gutachter], and Manfred [Gutachter] Krifka. "NP-Arguments in NPs / Gutachter: Stefan Müller, Manfred Krifka." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1189655209/34.

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7

Kohl, Stephan Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Grohmann. "C–H- und P–C-Bindungsaktivierung in Übergangsmetallkomplexen mit NP4- und NP3-Donorsätzen / Stephan Kohl. Betreuer: Andreas Grohmann." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1014619688/34.

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8

趙, 宏剛. "“NP1＋A＋V＋NP2”形式における数量詞の文法機能について." 名古屋大学言語文化研究会, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19120.

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9

Landh, Evelina. "Musik + NPF = Sant : Musiklärares arbete med elever med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar (NPF)." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för musik, pedagogik och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-3886.

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Studien syftar till att bidra med ökad förståelse om musiklärares arbete med elever med NPF (neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning) i den ordinarie undervisningen. Jag har sökt finna både musiklärares arbetssätt och uppfattningar kring elever med NPF. Studien utgår från ett relationellt perspektiv. Jag har genomfört fyra kvalitativa intervjuer med musiklärare som arbetar på grundskolan samt en som jobbar på ett särgymnasium. Resultatet visade på en mängd arbetssätt och uppfattningar så som vikten av: anpassningar i miljön, struktur, samarbete med andra lärare, följa elevernas intresse och fysiska hjälpmedel. Resultatet visade också på vikten av att göra anpassningar som kommer alla till gagn. I slutsatsen tar jag bland annat upp att genom ordnad miljö, struktur, fysiska hjälpmedel, samverkan, flexibilitet, och adekvata lokaler och gruppstorlekar går det att möta elever med NPF på ett framgångsrikt sätt i musik i den ordinarie undervisningen.
This thesis aims to contribute to an increased understanding of music teachers' work with students with special needs, such as ADHD and autism, (called NPF) in the ordinary school in Sweden. I have tried to find both music teachers' working methods and their perceptions about students with NPF. The study is based on a relational perspective. I have done four qualitative interviews with music teachers who work in the primary school and one teacher that works in a special high school. The results showed a variety of working methods and perceptions, such as the importance of: adjustments and changes in the environment, structure, collaboration with other teachers, following students' interests and physical tools. The results also showed the importance of making adjustments that benefit every student. In the conclusion I mention that through an orderly environment, structure, physical tools, collaboration, flexibility, and adequate premises and group sizes, it is possible to meet all students needs successfully in music in the regular school.

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10

Mortensen, Cody K. "NPS-SCAT communications system : design, test, and integration of NPS' first CUBESAT." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5107.

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11

Courtney, Dale Michael. "Internetworking : NPS ATM LAN /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA319479.

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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1996.
Thesis advisor(s): D.P. Brutzman and R. Buddenberg. "September 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-115). Also available online.

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12

Forte, Jeffrey E. "The NPS Locator system." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA341393.

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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science and M.S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997.
"December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): James C. Emery, C. Thomas Wu. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35). Also available online.

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13

Turner, Christopher Gordon. "NPS TINYSCOPE program management." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5227.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
This master's thesis introduces the program management and concept of operations of the TINYSCOPE Program. TINYSCOPE is a 6U CubeSat designed as a low-cost and easily replaceable imaging spacecraft that can produce tactically relevant imagery data. Tactical requirements in this context would emphasize "good enough" image resolution with a rapid-response tasking loop and high revisit rate. The TINYSCOPE project intends to demonstrate the utility of small, risk tolerant spacecraft for tactical imagery. The program management section of the thesis discusses the relationships of cost, performance, risk, and schedule and the impact of each on the program. The program's successes and failures are examined to glean lessons for future program managers of university projects. The remainder of the thesis develops a comprehensive concept of operations for the prototype spacecraft. Areas of discussion include overviews of the ground, space and launch segments of the mission architecture, and proposed conduct of operations for those segments. Finally, relevant program management and systems engineering documentation are presented as appendices.

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14

Brutzman, Donald P. "NPS AUV Integrated Simulation." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA248120.

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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 1992.
Thesis Advisor(s): Kanayama, Yutaka ; Zyda, Michael J. "March 1992." Appendix G videotape located at VHS 5000043. Includes bibliographical references (p. 240-247). Also available in print.

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15

Huovinen, J. (Joel). "Idiopaattisen nph-taudin familiaalisuus." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201805031571.

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Tiivistelmä. Idiopaattinen normaalipaineinen hydrocephalus (iNPH) on vanhuusiällä alkava, etenevä neurodegeneratiivinen tauti, jonka hoito on kirurginen. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli määrittää ja karakterisoida familiaalinen iNPH:n taudinkuva suntattujen potilaiden kansallisessa kohortissa (n=375). Potilaiden sukuanamneesia, toimintakykyä, elintapoja ja muita sairauksia selvitettiin kyselylomakkeilla sekä täydentävillä puhelinhaastatteluilla. Potentiaalisista tautisuvuista piirrettiin sukupuut ja lisäksi sukulaisilta kerättiin laskimoverinäytteet mahdollisia geneettisiä analyysejä varten. Yhteensä 18 iNPH-potilaalla (4,8 %) 12 suvusta oli ainakin yksi suntattu sukulainen ja 42 potilaalla (11 %) ainakin yksi sukulainen, jolla on vähintään kaksi iNPH:n tyyppioiretta. Monivariaattianalyysin perusteella dementian riksi oli kolminkertainen familiaalisilla iNPH-potilailla. Riski oli riippumaton Alzheimerin taudista tai APOE ε4-alleelin kantajuudesta. Tutkimus kuvaa iNPH:n familiaalisen taudinkuvan tarjoten uusia lähestymistapoja iNPH:n potentiaalisten geneettisten tekijöiden ja prekliinisten oireiden kartoittamiseen.Abstract. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is senile-onset, surgically treated, progressive neurodegenerative disease. The aim of this study was to define and characterize familial subgroup of iNPH in a national cohort (n=375). Patients’ family history, performance, life-style and comorbidities were assessed with a structured questionnaire and in-depth phone interviews. Potential pedigrees with multiple affected individuals were graphically illustrated. Venous blood samples were collected from relatives for further genetic analyses. Overall 18 patients (4.8 %) had at least one shunt-operated relative and 42 patients (11 %) at least one relative with iNPH-symptomatology. Based on multivariate analysis the risk of clinical dementia was 3-fold among familial iNPH-patients. The risk was independent of diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease or the occurrence of APOE epsilon 4. The study describes familial subgroup of iNPH providing new approaches to further study genetic factors and preclinical manifestations of iNPH.

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Boog, Dominik. "Finanzielle Führung einer NPO." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01648898002/$FILE/01648898002.pdf.

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17

Bein, Alexander L. "NPS-SCAT (Solar Cell Array Tester), the construction of NPS' first prototype Cubesat." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FBein.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Space Systems Operations)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Newman, James H. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 03, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77). Also available in print.

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18

Brentzel, Kelvin, Carol Harris, and Patrick Coronado. "NPP IN-SITU GROUND SYSTEM - BRIDGING TECHNOLOGIES BETWEEN EOS, NPP AND THE FUTURE." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605585.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
As part of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP), the Direct Readout Laboratory (DRL) of NASA/GSFC Code 935, is developing the prototype NPP In-Situ Ground System (NISGS). The NISGS supports earth remote sensing, and its functions bridge from all EOS satellites to planning for future NASA and interagency launches. The NISGS solution enables the end user to acquire and process NPP and predecessor instrument data, and provide a means to make these technologies and data products available to the Direct Broadcast Community. This document describes the NISGS model, methodology, and system architecture.

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Karlsson, Sara. "Micro NPU for Baseband Interconnect." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniksystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-103681.

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The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility to implement a configurable NPU (Network Processing Unit) in the next generation of Ericsson’s EMCAs (Ericsson Multi Core Architecture). The NPU is constructed so that it can be configured for either Ethernet or xIO-s, as either a transmitter or a receiver. The motive for doing the work is that many protocols have similar functions and there could be possible advantages to have a configurable protocol choice in future hardware. A model of a NPU will be created in SystemC using the TLM 2.0 interface. The model will be analyzed to evaluate its complexity regarding a possible modification to also make it configurable for CPRI. The result that is presented is that it would be possible to implement a configurable NPU in the future EMCAs. The result is based on the conclusion that the protocols use many similar functions and most of the blocks could be made configurable for use with different protocols. Configurable blocks would benefit a configurable NPU as it would require fewer resources than separate blocks for each protocol.

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20

Koch, Tina Strafuss Michael. "NPL-Verkauf durch deutschen Banken /." Frankfurt am Main : Bankakad, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2765271&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Hansen, Lars-Petter Gunhildsberg, and Ivar Conradi Østhus. "NPT Online Broadband Test Tool." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Telematics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8975.

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Many broadband subscribers suspect that they do not receive the data rate they are paying for. In order to verify that the broadband connection is compliant with the product purchased, subscribers can go on-line and choose between a myriad of available on-line broadband test tools with variable degree of precision. Today there exist no standardized methods to perform broadband evaluation for private subscribers. We review and benchmark a selection of the available broadband test tools to reveal their strengths and weaknesses. Different tools have different approaches in their evaluation of network performance. Our studies show that most of the tools achieve acceptable accuracy for common Internet access data rates in Norway today. But when the data rate is increasing, the results from the different tools start to deviate. This is apparent for the upload rates in particular. The test methodology and the implementation technology are crucial for high bandwidth measurements. The Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority will develop and release an on-line tool for evaluation of the end-users' Internet connections. We present the planned service and elaborate its possibilities and limitations. Network neutrality is a concept that is quite ambiguous, and there exist many different interpretations. Based on the principles of network neutrality, developed by the Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority, we evaluate if the planned service is able to reveal breaches of network neutrality. We conclude that this is not possible with the planned service, mainly because of the limitations in the planned architecture combined with the complexity of network neutrality. A broadband test tool should evaluate the quality of a broadband connection in context of its usage. We suggest a user profile scheme based on relevant services for different groups of users. Different services have requirements to different network characteristics, and this consequently determine what characteristics should be evaluated for each profile. Lastly, we make use of our gained knowledge and recommend possible extensions and future applications for broadband evaluation.

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Bolster, Richard D., and Thomas E. Halwachs. "Analyzing NPS scheduling using OSIRIS." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/24120.

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Harris, Anthony D. "NPS CubeSat Launcher-lite sequence." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FHarris.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Space Systems Operations)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Newman, James H. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 10, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: NPSCuL, NPSCuL-Lite, P-POD, Sequencer, Launcher, Launch Vehicle, Microcontroller, Space, Satellite. Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-168). Also available in print.

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Dorn, Lawrence Tyrone. "NPS-SCAT electrical power system." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep_Dorn.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Space Systems Operations)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Newman, James H. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 5, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Satellite, CubeSat, NPS-SCAT, solar cell tester, Power system, Clyde Space, Spectrolabs, improved triple junction, solar power. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-85). Also available in print.

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Hicks, Christina M. "NPS CubeSat Launcher program management." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FHicks.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Space Systems Operations)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Newman, James H. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 10, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: NPSCuL, CubeSat, Launcher, P-POD, ABC, Aft Bulkhead Carrier, Centaur, ESPA, Secondary Payload, Program Management. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63). Also available in print.

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Lee, Jae Rhim S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "N=1=NPK=KIMCHI=N." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37269.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-41).
N=1=NPK=KIMCHI=N is a mobile, expandable living unit which consists of a urinal, urine processing system, hydroponic napa cabbage garden, seedling growing area, customized bed, and kitchen table. I tested my urine, modified my diet to produce a urine ideal for growing napa cabbage, grew napa cabbage hydroponically with the optimized urine, made kimchi from the napa cabbage, and fed the kimchi to the public from the living unit. In this paper I elaborate on the intimate affiliation between the "narcissistic self' and the planet proposed by N=1=NPK=KIMCHI=N. I synthesize concepts of the self-body, narcissism, death, and ecology to arrive at a methodology for the long-term preservation of the self and planet.
by Jae Rhim Lee.
S.M.

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27

Martinovová, Nikola. "NPM: Optimization of purchasing process." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192395.

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The theoretical part will be focused on presenting information within the process management. Some of the pieces of this theoretical information will be were slightly modified by internal Continental procedures and applied in the practical part of the thesis in order to redesign current purchasing process of non production material. The contents of the practical part of this thesis are the analysis of the current purchasing process of non-production material in the plant of Continental. The intention is to identify the waste and obstacles in the process. The main target is to improve the process in consideration of efficiency, lead time reduction and, if applicable, cost savings. Once the waste in the process is identified, the 100% value added ideal state is going to be developed, under consideration of implementing the improvements, which have been identified in the current state. Based on the differences between the current state and the ideal state of the process, the future state is going to be mapped.

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28

Gallupe, Gary. "FM, PM and NPR Calculations." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608853.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
System performance can be ascertained via a number of parameters; one of which is Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR). SNR is the ratio of the value of the signal to the value of the noise. It is generally expressed in decibels and usually a function of the system bandwidth. Another measure of performance is the Noise-Power ratio (NPR). NPR is the ratio of the noise level within a specific measurement channel when noise is applied to all channels, to the level that is measured within the specific channel with noise applied to all of the channels but not the specific channel.

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Walther, Tobias. "The role of Peripheral Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) structures in nuclear transport and NPC architecture." Diss., lmu, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-4945.

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Jenkins, Robert Donald. "NPS-SCAT systems engineering and payload subsystem design, integration, and testing of NPS' first CubeSat /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FJenkins.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Astronautical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Newman, James H. ; Romano, Marcello. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: 1U, COTS, CubeSat, CubeSat Kit, Falcon 1e, Integration, I-V Curve, NPS-SCAT, Naval Postgraduate School, P-POD, Printed Circuit Board, Satellite, Space Shuttle, Solar Cell, Solar Cell Array Tester, Space Systems, Sun Sensor, Systems Engineering, Temperature Sensor, Testing, Thermal Vacuum. Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-161). Also available in print.

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Smith, Kerry D. "Environmental testing and thermal analysis of the NPS Solar Cell Array Tester (NPS-SCAT) Cubesat." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5654.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
This thesis describes the development of a working thermal model of the Naval Postgraduate School's first CubeSat called NPS-SCAT and the accomplishment of environmental testing that has been completed to date in preparation for space launch. The primary mission of NPS-SCAT is to act as a Solar Cell Array Tester (SCAT), providing data on solar cell performance of various solar cells in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). As part of the satellite development process, a detailed test plan was developed and environmental modeling and testing were completed to test SCAT's ability to survive and function in the space environment. A thermal finite element model (FEM) was developed in NX-6 I-deas to analyze and predict the component thermal response to the space environment. Environmental tests, including thermal vacuum (TVAC) and vibration testing, have been completed using profiles determined by the expected launch and on-orbit conditions. The data obtained from these tests validated the thermal model and proved that SCAT would survive the launch conditions and could successfully operate in the space environment.

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Du, Plessis Tinneke. "Generating value through the involvement of business in the NPO sector : from a NPO landscape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97272.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cross-sectoral collaborations between non-profit organisations (NPOs) and the business sector are on the rise. The success of the cross-sectoral collaboration is varied and based upon the value generated for both parties. Most literature around cross-sectoral collaboration has been written with a bias towards the corporate sector, not taking into account the challenges faced by NPOs. This research project focused upon the value generated from collaborations between NPOs and individuals from the corporate sector, within the NPO landscape. The University of Stellenbosch Business School Executive Development (USB-ED) presents a course to develop the skills of senior managers in the Senior Management Development Programme (SMDP). As part of the programme, participants (from the business sector) are required to complete a business driven action learning (BDAL) assignment where they engage NPOs in order to do a strategic analysis and develop a strategic plan for them. The BDAL assignment is not only designed to provide the SMDP participants with the opportunity to apply knowledge acquired in the course, but also aims to make a social contribution. Qualitative research methods were employed to study the engagement between the NPOs and the SMDP participants, the outcomes of the BDAL assignment and the perceived value created for the NPOs and SMDP participants. The research was not an evaluation of the BDAL assignment but drew on the information generated from the BDAL assignment to understand how value was generated through the process of business and NPOs working together. Value was generated for the NPOs through the relationship with the SMDP participants and the skills the SMDP participants employed during the collaboration. It was found, however, that the outcome was mostly generated on a strategic level for the NPO. But, as a result of a lack in capacity, the NPOs were not able to maximise the value from the BDAL assignment implementing it on an operational level. Where the SMDP participants were able to close the gap between the strategic and the operational level, through skills transfer and providing practical guidelines, the value increased significantly and operation efficiency increased. The findings on how value was generated through the BDAL assignment and the literature review formed the foundations for the guidelines that are provided for cross-sectoral collaboration, within the NPO landscape. Subsequently, the aim of the study is to enrich the cross-sectoral collaborations between NPOs and business, as well as the BDAL assignment and its outcomes.

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Freeman, Christopher J. "Biosensing and Catalysis Applications of Nanoporous Gold (NPG) and Platinum-Speckled Nanoporous Gold (NPG-Pt) Electrodes." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5473.

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The importance of porous materials has risen substantially in the last few decades due to their ability to reduce the size and cost of bioanalytical devices and fuel cells. First, this work aims to describe the fabrication of nanoporous gold (NPG) electrodes that are resistant to electrode passivation due to fibrinogen biofouling in redox solutions. The effect on potentiometric and voltammetric experiments was seen as a deviation from ideal behavior on planar gold electrodes, whereas NPG electrodes were consistently behaving in a Nernstian fashion at low concentrations of ferri-ferrocyanide (£100 mM). An improvement in electrode behavior on NPG electrodes versus planar gold was seen in solutions containing ascorbic acid as well as blood plasma. Second, cost effective NPG electrodes were fabricated using a glass substrate to test the response in the presence of a variety of redox molecules. The optical transparency of these electrodes allowed for microdroplet measurements to be made using an inverted microscope in several redox solutions for validation and subsequent biological applicability. Nernstian behavior was demonstrated for all one- and two-electron transfer systems in both poised and unpoised solutions. All experiments were conducted using volumes between 280 and 1400 pL producing rapid results in less than one minute. Third, in order to decrease the requirement for complex instrumentation, microdroplet fabrication technique was used to create mini-nanoporous gold (mNPG) electrodes on glass capillary tubes. The cylindrical shape of the electrodes allowed for testing in sample volumes of 100 mL. The response to ferri-ferrocyanide, ascorbic acid, cysteine, and uric acid was then investigated with Nernstian behavior shown. However, the mNPG electrodes were insensitive to glucose and hydrogen peroxide. In order to increase the sensitivity of the electrodes, a minimal amount of platinum was electrodeposited onto the NPG surface using a low concentration of platinum salt (0.75 mM) for a short deposition time (2 seconds) producing a Nernstian response to both glucose and hydrogen peroxide. Lastly, to test the viability of crossover applications, the platinum incorporated NPG electrode was employed as a fuel cell anode material, testing their oxidation capability with methanol, ethanol, and formic acid.

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Fredriksson, Åsa. "Särbegåvning och samverkan : En intervjuundersökning av föräldrar och lärare till särbegåvade elever." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71666.

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Studiens syfte är att belysa och diskutera hur undervisande lärare och föräldrar till särbegåvade elever med eller utan diagnos upplever samarbetet mellan skolan och hemmet. För att ta reda på hur det förhåller sig används en kvalitativ intervjumetod, tre föräldrar till särbegåvade elever med eller utan diagnos och tre lärare intervjuades. Det teoretiska perspektiv som studien utgår ifrån är Eriksons (2004) fyra typologier som beskriver samverkan mellan hem och skola, samt Hargreaves (2001) socialkulturella distanser för att analysera samverkan på personnivå. Sammanfattningsvis visar resultatet av studien att samverkan mellan hem och skola inte är helt problemfritt då eleven är särbegåvad med eller utan diagnos. Samtliga Hargreaves distanser finns representerade och det är både föräldrar såväl som lärare som dessa uppmärksammades hos. Alla principer utom brukarprincipen gick att koppla till respondenterna. De faktorer som studien visar är gynnsamma för samverkan är kunskap från skolans sida angående NPF och särbegåvning samt enskilda personers engagemang för eleven. Faktorer som kan ses som mindre gynnsamma för samverkan är brist på tid och pengar i skolan.
The aim of the study is to highlight and discuss how teachers and parents of gifted students, with or without diagnosis, experience the cooperation between the school and the home of the students. To perform the study a qualitative interview method was used. Three parents and three teachers to gifted students with our without a diagnosis were interviewed. The theoretical perspective from which the study is based is Erikson's (2004) four typologies that describe the collaboration between home and school and Hargreaves (2001) social-cultural distances to analyze collaboration at a person level. In conclusion, the result of the study shows that the interaction between home and school is not completely without problems when the student is gifted with or without diagnosis. All Hargreave's distances are represented and it is for both parents and teachers that these were noticed. All principles except the user principle could be linked to the respondents. The factors that the study shows are favorable for collaboration between teachers and parents is knowledge from the school's side regarding NPD, and specificity, as well as individual's commitment for the student. Factors that can be seen as less favorable for collaboration are lack of time and money in school.

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趙, 宏剛. "「NP1＋A＋V了/着＋NP2」形式の成立条件について : 制作動詞の意味特徴の観点から." 名古屋大学言語文化研究会, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17928.

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Ishihara, Shinichiro. "Intonation of sentences with an NPI." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2449/.

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This paper presents the results of a production experiment on the intonation of sentences containing a negative polarity item (NPI) in Tokyo Japanese. The results show that NPI sentences exhibit a focus intonation: the F₀-peak of the word to which an NPI is attached is raised, while the pitch contour after the NPI-attached word is compressed until the negation. This intonation pattern is parallel to that of wh-question, in which the F₀ of the wh-phrase is raised while the post-wh-contour is compressed until the question particle.

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Missy, Stefan. "Das politische Profil der "neuen" NPD." Diss., lmu, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-154456.

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38

Welter, Joseph Donald. "NPS high resolution synthetic aperture sonar." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA306558.

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Thesis (M.S. in Applied Physics and M.S. in Electrical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1995.
"December 1995." Thesis advisor(s): Donald L. Walters, Roberto Cristi. Bibliography: p. 101. Also available online.

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Bell, Stephanie A. "Validation of the NPL gravimetric hygrometer." Thesis, City University London, 1995. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7703/.

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The gravimetric hygrometer of the UK National Physical Laboratory (NPL) provides a first-principles realisation of mixing ratio - the most fundamental measure of the humidity of a gas. The operation of the NPL gravimetric hygrometer has been validated to demonstrate its satisfactory performance as a primary standard for humidity within the UK national measurement system. The measurement performance of the gravimetric hygrometer has been characterised for mixing ratios within the range 0.01 g kg to 155 g kg 4 (equivalent at atmospheric pressure to a dew-point range of -60 °C to +60 °C). The significant aspects of the measurement have been assessed in detail; these being the balances and weighing processes, the efficiency of collecting water and dry gas, and the effects of stray water in the instrument. Sources of systematic error have been identified and their effects quantified. Wherever possible, such errors have been eliminated or reduced. Elsewhere, numerical corrections have been evaluated and applied to the results of measurements. The overall uncertainty of measurement for the gravimetric hygrometer has been estimated by evaluating the uncertainties contributed by each aspect of the measurement, and combining these statistically to find the overall effect. The estimated uncertainty at a level of confidence of approximately 95% (a coverage factor of k=2) was found to range between 0.015 percent of value at the highest humidity considered, near 155 g kg 1, and 1.27 percent of value at the lower limit of 0.01 g kg1. The gravimetric hygrometer has been intercompared with the humidity generator which is the NFL standard for dew point, using nitrogen as the carrier gas in these measurements. For the conversion between values of dew point and mixing ratio, the uncertainties in the reference functions have been reviewed for the vapour pressure curve of water, and for the water vapour enhancement factor which accounts for the non-ideal behaviour of humid gases. A new calculation of the enhancement factor for nitrogen is presented. The uncertainties due to sampling were also evaluated. On average, the uncertainties due to the reference functions and those due to sampling were found to comparable with the uncertainty in the gravimetric measurements. Taking all these into account, the intercomparison measurements agreed to within the combined uncertainties of the two instruments.

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Baza, Joseph A., and Timothy E. Cabana. "Analysis of NPS contracting service quality." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44520.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
The purpose of this project is to identify and analyze customer expectations and customer perceptions of service quality provided by the local contracting office supporting the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS). Our goal is to identify performance gaps using the SERVQUAL instrument for measuring customers’ expectations and perceptions along five quality dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy). The results will identify areas of improvements in customer relations, contracting support, and service quality.

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41

容振威 and Chun-wai Yung. "A molecular study of NPC pathogenesis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31212748.

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Hill, Adam L. "NPS-SCAT CONOPS and Radiation Environment." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7357.

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Solar cells are the primary energy-collection agents used onboard spacecraft converting energy from the sun into electricity. With solar cells being the main source of power for satellites, it is important to know how they operate and degrade when exposed to the harsh environment of low earth orbit. The objective of this thesis is to estimate the solar cell degradation that will be experienced on orbit due to radiation. This linked with the mission of the NPS-SCAT providing a quantitative measurement on orbit of how solar cells degrade over time can reduce risk of expensive national satellite by providing real-life solar cells exposure to threats of the space environment. A secondary goal of this thesis is to build and present a representation of the CONOPs (concept of operations) that describes the functionality expected on orbit. Coordination with the software programmers as well as the staff to set robust functionality is the goal for the CONOPs. This software package will be programmed into the two 1U flight certified CubeSats as their standard programming once implementation and testing have been completed.

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Erhardt, Bill. "2002 NPS Integrated Project - Expeditionary Warfare." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/41965.

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This site archives the final report, presentation, and supporting materials for the 2002 project. It will be fully active by January 2003.
The Expeditionary Warfare Integrated Project represents the combined effort of more than 70 students and 18 faculty members from seven different Naval Postgraduate School curricula representing all five US uniformed services and allies from Singapore, Turkey, Greece, Tunisia, and Sweden. This project was the result of OPNAV N7 tasking directing NPS’ Wayne Meyer Institute of Systems Engineering to use a top down, system of systems approach to examine future Expeditionary Warfare operations in terms of current and emerging operational concepts.

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Yung, Chun-wai. "A molecular study of NPC pathogenesis /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14763801.

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Dyer, Cheryl J. "The leptin-NPY axis in sheep /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841280.

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46

Hinas, Philip, and Mats Mökander. "Processkartläggning och projektstyrning inom NPB Automation." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45310.

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Finamor, Gustavo Andres. "Inversor fotovoltaico não isolado NPC intercalado." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8585.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Throughout the twentieth century, the supply of electricity, mainly obtained from fossil fuels like oil and coal, it has supported the growth and transformation of the world economy. In the early years of this century, the scenario has changed to a new reality, the need for sustainable development. In other words, the challenge is to gradually replace the traditional sources of electricity from renewable energy sources, in which the solar photovoltaic energy has highlighted. Photovoltaic inverters may be constituted in different ways, presenting in recent decades a high research progress. The main study efforts focus on getting high efficiency, high power density and high reliability, to increase the overall performance of the photovoltaic installation. In this direction, this Master Thesis aims to propose, analyze, design and implement a single-phase grid-tied photovoltaic inverter, which provides high efficiency and high power density. This circuit is called Transformerless Photovoltaic Interleaved Multilevel NPC Inverter , that use uncoupled inductors, Gallium Nitride power transistors and employs interleaving strategy beside the LCL filter, synthesizing 9 levels. Are introduced studies on the operation, modulation and design methodology of power stages, considering the static performance. Results are presented for the 1 kW, in order to support the validity of the proposed topology in conjunction with the standard aspects, especially in relation to THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) of grid current, leakage current, efficiency and power density.
Durante todo o século XX, a oferta de energia elétrica, obtida principalmente a partir dos combustíveis fósseis como petróleo e o carvão mineral, deu suporte ao crescimento e as transformações da economia mundial. Já nos primeiros anos do século atual, o cenário mudou para uma nova realidade, a necessidade do desenvolvimento sustentável. Em outras palavras, o desafio é substituir gradativamente as fontes tradicionais de energia elétrica por fontes de energia renovável, onde a energia solar fotovoltaica tem destaque. Os conversores eletrônicos para sistemas fotovoltaicos, também chamados de inversores, podem ser constituídos de diversas maneiras, apresentando nas últimas décadas um acentuado progresso de pesquisa. Os principais esforços de estudo tem se concentrado em obter alto rendimento, alta densidade de potência e alta confiabilidade, de modo a aumentar o desempenho global da instalação fotovoltaica. Neste horizonte, esta dissertação tem por objetivo propor, analisar, projetar e implementar um inversor fotovoltaico monofásico, para aplicação conectada à rede, de alto rendimento e alta densidade de potência. Esta estrutura é denominada de Inversor Fotovoltaico NPC Multinível Intercalado sem Transformador , que utiliza indutores não acoplados, interruptores de Nitreto de Gálio e emprega a técnica interleaving junto ao filtro LCL, sintetizando 9 níveis. No decorrer do trabalho são introduzidos estudos relativos à operação, modulação, metodologia de projeto e estágios de potência, estabelecendo critérios, enquanto considera a performance estática. São apresentados resultados, observando a potência de 1 kW, com a finalidade de corroborar a validade da topologia proposta juntamente as normativas e aspectos que norteiam a aplicação, especialmente com respeito à THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) da corrente da rede, corrente de fuga, rendimento e densidade de potência.

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Lima, Luiz Ricardo. "Inversor monofásico NPC com snubber regenerativo." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2089.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:27:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Ricardo Lima.pdf: 7933900 bytes, checksum: 225fa96a5d447127d12b2a23f0483893 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-12
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This work presents a study about the NPC (Neutral Point Clamped) three-level inverter with a modified Undeland snubber and using a Buck-Boost converter to regenerate the energy processed by the snubber. Initially, qualitative and quantitative analysis of this inverter with the presence of the snubber are presented and a project methodology is proposed. The same analysis and project are presented for the Buck-Boost converter and it is shown that this converter can operate under ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching). Next, mathematical models of all circuitry necessary for the realization of the digital control of the inverter are presented and a controller is projected. Using data of the projected NPC inverter, Buck-Boost converter and digital controller, simulation results are presented. These simulations were done using software s Orcad Pspice and Simulink. Finally, implementation details and experimental results of a 1.5 kW, 800 V input voltage, 127 V output voltage and 200 kHz switching frequency prototype are presented.
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo do inversor NPC (Neutral Point Clamped) a três níveis com snubber de Undeland modificado, utilizando um conversor Buck-Boost para regeneração da energia processada pelo snubber. Inicialmente são feitas analises qualitativa e quantitativa desse inversor com a presença do snubber e é apresentada uma metodologia de projeto. As mesmas analises e projeto são feitos para o conversor Buck-Boost e é mostrado como ele pode operar com comutação ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching). A seguir são mostrados os modelos matemáticos de todos os circuitos necessários para se realizar o controle digital do inversor e é apresentado um projeto de controlador digital. Utilizando os dados de projeto do inversor NPC, do conversor Buck-Boost e do controle são apresentados os resultados de simulações feitas nos programas Orcad Pspice e Simulink. Por ultimo, são apresentados detalhes de implementação e resultados experimentais de um protótipo de 1,5 kW, 800 V de tensão de barramento, 127 V de tensão de saída e 200 kHz de freqüência de comutação.

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Goswami, Pronnoy. "Investigating the Reproducbility of NPM packages." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98491.

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The meteoric increase in the popularity of JavaScript and a large developer community has led to the emergence of a large ecosystem of third-party packages available via the Node Package Manager (NPM) repository which contains over one million published packages and witnesses a billion daily downloads. Most of the developers download these pre-compiled published packages from the NPM repository instead of building these packages from the available source code. Unfortunately, recent articles have revealed repackaging attacks to the NPM packages. To achieve such attacks the attackers primarily follow three steps – (1) download the source code of a highly depended upon NPM package, (2) inject malicious code, and (3) then publish the modified packages as either misnamed package (i.e., typo-squatting attack) or as the official package on the NPM repository using compromised maintainer credentials. These attacks highlight the need to verify the reproducibility of NPM packages. Reproducible Build is a concept that allows the verification of build artifacts for pre-compiled packages by re-building the packages using the same build environment configuration documented by the package maintainers. This motivates us to conduct an empirical study (1) to examine the reproducibility of NPM packages, (2) to assess the influence of any non-reproducible packages, and (3) to explore the reasons for non-reproducibility. Firstly, we downloaded all versions/releases of 226 most-depended upon NPM packages, and then built each version with the available source code on Github. Secondly, we applied diffoscope, a differencing tool to compare the versions we built against the version downloaded from the NPM repository. Finally, we did a systematic investigation of the reported differences. At least one version of 65 packages was found to be non-reproducible. Moreover, these non- reproducible packages have been downloaded millions of times per week which could impact a large number of users. Based on our manual inspection and static analysis, most reported differences were semantically equivalent but syntactically different. Such differences result due to non-deterministic factors in the build process. Also, we infer that semantic differences are introduced because of the shortcomings in the JavaScript uglifiers. Our research reveals challenges of verifying the reproducibility of NPM packages with existing tools, reveal the point of failures using case studies, and sheds light on future directions to develop better verification tools.
Master of Science
Software packages are distributed as pre-compiled binaries to facilitate software development. There are various package repositories for various programming languages such as NPM (JavaScript), pip (Python), and Maven (Java). Developers install these pre-compiled packages in their projects to implement certain functionality. Additionally, these package repositories allow developers to publish new packages and help the developer community to reduce the delivery time and enhance the quality of the software product. Unfortunately, recent articles have revealed an increasing number of attacks on the package repositories. Moreover, developers trust the pre-compiled binaries, which often contain malicious code. To address this challenge, we conduct our empirical investigation to analyze the reproducibility of NPM packages for the JavaScript ecosystem. Reproducible Builds is a concept that allows any individual to verify the build artifacts by replicating the build process of software packages. For instance, if the developers could verify that the build artifacts of the pre-compiled software packages available in the NPM repository are identical to the ones generated when they individually build that specific package, they could mitigate and be aware of the vulnerabilities in the software packages. The build process is usually described in configuration files such as package.json and DOCKERFILE. We chose the NPM registry for our study because of three primary reasons – (1) it is the largest package repository, (2) JavaScript is the most widely used programming language, and (3) there is no prior dataset or investigation that has been conducted by researchers. We took a two-step approach in our study – (1) dataset collection, and (2) source-code differencing for each pair of software package versions. For the dataset collection phase, we downloaded all available releases/versions of 226 popularly used NPM packages and for the code-differencing phase, we used an off-the-shelf tool called diffoscope. We revealed some interesting findings. Firstly, at least one of the 65 packages as found to be non-reproducible, and these packages have millions of downloads per week. Secondly, we found 50 package-versions to have divergent program semantics which high- lights the potential vulnerabilities in the source-code and improper build practices. Thirdly, we found that the uglification of JavaScript code introduces non-determinism in the build process. Our research sheds light on the challenges of verifying the reproducibility of NPM packages with the current state-of-the-art tools and the need to develop better verification tools in the future. To conclude, we believe that our work is a step towards realizing the reproducibility of NPM packages and making the community aware of the implications of non-reproducible build artifacts.

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Bhardwaj, Vandita. "An enhanced new product development (NPD) model and the application of Taguchi methods in upstream NPD activities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0032/MQ62370.pdf.

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