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Journal articles on the topic 'NPIW'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Khalishah, P. V., Y. Naulita, and U. Hernawan. "Characteristics of North Pacific water masses in the Bali Sea." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1251, no. 1 (2023): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1251/1/012039.

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Abstract The Bali Sea is the trajectory of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF)’s water mass which originates from the North Pacific (NP) Ocean before exiting through Lombok Strait. Therefore, the NP water masses have an impact on the characteristics of the water mass in this area. The study aims to describe the stratification and structure of water masses and calculate the contribution of North Pacific Subtropical Water (NPSW) and North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) using Optimum Multiparameter (OMP) analysis. Stratification of the Bali Sea consists of mixed, thermocline, and deep layers. There w

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Sani, I. Y., A. S. Atmadipoera, A. Purwandana, and F. Syamsudin. "Transformation and mixing of North Pacific Water Mass in Sangihe-Talaud in August 2019." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 944, no. 1 (2021): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/944/1/012053.

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Abstract Along the pathway, ITF water is considered to be transformed due to strong diapycnal mixing. This study aims to describe the structure of ITF water and to estimate turbulent mixing. The number of 6 CTD casts and 9 repeated CTD “yoyo” measurements were obtained from the “Years of Maritime Continent” YMC cruise (a joint cruise between BPPT/IPB/UNUD-Univ. Tokyo/JAMSTEC) and onboard R.V. Baruna Jaya IV in August 2019. The CTD datasets are processed with SBE Data Processing and analyzed for water mass composition, as well as turbulent mixing with Thorpe method. The results showed that ther

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3

Slamet, A., Y. Naulita, and U. Hermawan. "North Pacific Water Mass Contribution in the Northern Sea of Lembata Island, East Nusa Tenggara." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1251, no. 1 (2023): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1251/1/012038.

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Abstract As the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) passes through the Flores Sea, we expect it will affect the water mass character in the northern sea of Lembata Island. Therefore, we examined the contribution of North Pacific (NP) water mass, i.e., the North Pacific Subtropical Water (NPSW) and the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) in the study area. We used 30 CTD casts from OTEC Geological Survey Center Expedition 2017 and ARGO float data, analyzed through the TS diagram and Optimum Multiparameter (OMP). The remnant of the NPSW (NPIW) core layer was found at 140-190 (220-330) m depth, deep

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Horhoruw, Selfrida Missmar, Agus Saleh Atmadipoera, Mulia Purba, and Adi Purwandana. "Current Structure and Spatial Variation of Indonesian Throughflow in Makassar Strait Under Ewin 2013 (Struktur Arus dan Variasi Spasial Arlindo di Selat Makassar dari Ewin 2013)." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 20, no. 2 (2015): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.20.2.87-100.

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Selat Makassar (SM) merupakan pintu masuk utama Arus Lintas Indonesia (Arlindo) membawa transport Arlindo sekitar 75% dari total 15 Sv. Pengukuran mooring arus di Kanal Labani telah dilakukan sejak tahun 1996, namun pengukuran hidrografi yang mencakup seluruh kawasan SM jarang dilakukan. Kontur selat yang berupa kanal dengan keragaman batimetri sangat mempengaruhi karakteristik massa air yang bergerak di dalamnya sehingga diperlukan penelitian mencakup seluruh kawasan SM. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji variasi spasial dan struktur arus dan massa air Arlindo di kawasan SM dari hasil eksp

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Masuda, Shuhei. "An Observing System Simulation Experiment for the Western North Pacific Region." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/314134.

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This study investigated the effectiveness of concentrated observations for ocean state estimation in a region remote from the observation site. I executed a twin observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) for the North Pacific region, using an ocean data synthesis system, to examine how the potential effectiveness is for a well-defined criterion, the representativeness of the subsurface salinity minimum corresponding to North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW). The results of the OSSE show that data synthesis confined to the region corresponding to the recent origin of the NPIW (35°N–53°N, 1

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Tanaka, Yuki, Toshiyuki Hibiya, and Yoshihiro Niwa. "Assessment of the Effects of Tidal Mixing in the Kuril Straits on the Formation of the North Pacific Intermediate Water." Journal of Physical Oceanography 40, no. 12 (2010): 2569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jpo4506.1.

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Abstract To assess accurately the effect of tidal mixing in the Kuril Straits on the formation of the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW), the spatial distribution of diapycnal diffusivity recently obtained by the present authors is incorporated into an eddy-permitting OGCM. It is shown that the NPIW is successfully reproduced, although the diapycnal diffusivity averaged over the entire Kuril Straits is an order of magnitude less than has previously been assumed as a tuning parameter to reproduce the NPIW in low-resolution OGCMs. This strongly suggests that the effect of tidal mixing in th

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7

Kim, Gihoon, Jongil Bang, and Minki Sung. "Contaminant removal effectiveness evaluation of ventilation, UR-UVGI, and air cleaner using CFD in negative pressure isolation ward." E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339601025.

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A negative pressure isolation ward (NPIW) is designed to create negative pressure to prevent the spread of airborne viruses. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the contaminant removal effect in the NPIW. To reduce indoor air contaminants, upper room-ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UR-UVGI) and air cleaner are being used. Unlike the UR-UVGI, the air cleaner generates airflow. Therefore, the contaminant removal effect may differ according to the ventilation methods. This study is to compare ventilation, UR-UVGI, and air cleaner contaminant removal effects using CFD and Contaminant Remova

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8

Deng, Huailin, Koji Suzuki, Ichiro Yasuda, Hiroshi Ogawa, and Jun Nishioka. "Phytoplankton community structure in relation to iron and macronutrient fluxes from subsurface waters in the western North Pacific during summer." Biogeosciences 22, no. 6 (2025): 1495–508. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1495-2025.

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Abstract. Iron (Fe) and macronutrient supplies and their ratios are major factors determining phytoplankton abundance and community composition in the North Pacific. Previous studies have indicated that Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water and North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) transport sedimentary Fe to the western subarctic Pacific. Although the supply of Fe and macronutrients from subsurface waters is critical for surface phytoplankton productivity, return paths from NPIW to the subsurface and their impact on the abundance and community composition of the organisms have not been fully under

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9

Masujima, Masachika, and Ichiro Yasuda. "Distribution and Modification of North Pacific Intermediate Water around the Subarctic Frontal Zone East of 150°E." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 6 (2009): 1462–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3919.1.

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Abstract Modification and distribution of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) in the area north of 30°N and east of 150°E are discussed based on an isopycnal particle tracking experiment with the velocity field estimated from a β-spiral inverse method based on climatological data, annual climatological data analysis, and isopycnal-tracking profiling float data. NPIW emanating from 149.5°E between 35.5° and 37.5°N retains its salinity minimum structure along the eastward flow of the northern subtropical gyre, and these pathways occupy the northern part of the NPIW distribution. On the other

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10

Lembke-Jene, Lester, Ralf Tiedemann, Dirk Nürnberg, Xun Gong, and Gerrit Lohmann. "Rapid shift and millennial-scale variations in Holocene North Pacific Intermediate Water ventilation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 21 (2018): 5365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714754115.

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The Pacific hosts the largest oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the world ocean, which are thought to intensify and expand under future climate change, with significant consequences for marine ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and fisheries. At present, no deep ventilation occurs in the North Pacific due to a persistent halocline, but relatively better-oxygenated subsurface North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) mitigates OMZ development in lower latitudes. Over the past decades, instrumental data show decreasing oxygenation in NPIW; however, long-term variations in middepth ventilation are pot

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11

Zou, Jianjun, Xuefa Shi, Aimei Zhu, et al. "Millennial-scale variations in sedimentary oxygenation in the western subtropical North Pacific and its links to North Atlantic climate." Climate of the Past 16, no. 1 (2020): 387–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-387-2020.

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Abstract. The deep-ocean carbon cycle, especially carbon sequestration and outgassing, is one of the mechanisms to explain variations in atmospheric CO2 concentrations on millennial and orbital timescales. However, the potential role of subtropical North Pacific subsurface waters in modulating atmospheric CO2 levels on millennial timescales is poorly constrained. An increase in the respired CO2 concentration in the glacial deep-ocean due to biological pump generally corresponds to deoxygenation in the ocean interior. This link thus offers a chance to study oceanic ventilation and coeval export

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12

Xu, Yongfu, Shigeaki Aoki, and Koh Harada. "Sensitivity of the Simulated Distributions of Water Masses, CFCs, and Bomb 14C to Parameterizations of Mesoscale Tracer Transports in a Model of the North Pacific." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 3 (2006): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2854.1.

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Abstract A basinwide ocean general circulation model of the North Pacific Ocean is used to study the sensitivity of the simulated distributions of water masses, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and bomb carbon-14 isotope (14C) to parameterizations of mesoscale tracer transports. Five simulations are conducted, including a run with the traditional horizontal mixing scheme and four runs with the isopycnal transport parameterization of Gent and McWilliams (GM). The four GM runs use different values of isopycnal and skew diffusivities. Simulated results show that the GM mixing scheme can help to form N

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13

Sévellec, F., A. Colin de Verdiére, and M. Ollitrault. "Evolution of Intermediate Water Masses Based on Argo Float Displacements." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 7 (2017): 1569–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0182.1.

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AbstractThe evolution and dispersion of intermediate water masses in the ocean interior is studied. To this purpose, an empirical statistical model of Lagrangian tracers at a constant depth level is developed. The model follows the transfer operator based on 10-day deep displacements of Argo floats at ~1000 m depth. An asymptotic analysis of the model shows the existence of 10 principal stationary points (the 10 locations attract asymptotically 97% of the tracers). It takes ~1000 years to reach this asymptotic regime relevant for estimating the stationary points. For Lagrangian floats, the con

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Valotassiou, Varvara, Nikolaos Sifakis, Chara Tzavara, et al. "Correlation of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia with Brain Perfusion: A 99mTc-SPECT-HMPAO Study with Brodmann Areas Analysis." Current Alzheimer Research 18, no. 12 (2021): 970–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205019666211220130505.

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Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in dementia. Their evaluation is based on Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Neuroimaging studies have tried to elucidate the underlying neural circuits either in isolated NPSs or in specific forms of dementia. Objective: : The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation of NPS in the NPI with Brodmann areas (BAs) perfusion, for revealing BAs involved in the pathogenesis of NPSs in dementia of various etiologies. Method: We studied 201 patients (82 with Alzheimer's disease, 75 with Frontotemporal dementia, 27 with Corticobasal S

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15

Purwandana, Adi, Mochamad Riza Iskandar, Edi Kusmanto, et al. "Percampuran vertikal di Perairan Laut Maluku dan Talaud pada bulan Februari 2021." OLDI (Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia) 6, no. 2 (2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2021.v6i2.363.

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<strong>Vertical mixing in the northern Maluku Sea and Talaud Waters in February 2021. </strong>The spatial variability of water mass mixing in the northern Maluku Sea and Talaud waters are presented based on the results of Eastern Indonesia Expedition (EIT) 2021 using RV Baruna Jaya VIII-LIPI. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate was obtained using the Kunze-Williams-Briscoe (KWB) Method calculated from CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) and LADCP (Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) datasets. We found the dissipation rate in the core layer of North Pacific Sub

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16

Ryanto, Fauzan Novan, Agus Saleh Atmadipoera, Abdul Basit, Rina Zuraida, Nyoman Metta Natih, and Nabil. "Water masses stratification and circulation in the southern part of Banggai Upwelling Region in Maluku Sea." BIO Web of Conferences 106 (2024): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410603010.

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Banggai Waters is in the western Maluku Sea, where the secondary pathway of Indonesian Throughflow passes and seasonal coastal upwelling takes place in this region, providing a high marine productivity and potential fishing ground. This study aims to describe water mass stratification and circulation using CTD casts and SADCP section datasets from the BUDEE cruise in September 2022 onboard RV Baruna Jaya VIII. The results show that mixed layer depth varies between 43-112 m with a mean temperature of 25.82(± 0.88) ºC. North Pacific water origin (NPSW and NPIW) is present in this southern sectio

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17

Kubota, Y., K. Kimoto, T. Itaki, Y. Yokoyama, Y. Miyairi, and H. Matsuzaki. "Bottom water variability in the subtropical northwestern Pacific from 26 kyr BP to present based on Mg / Ca and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of benthic foraminifera." Climate of the Past 11, no. 6 (2015): 803–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-803-2015.

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Abstract. To understand bottom water variability in the subtropical northwestern Pacific, bottom water temperatures (BWTs), carbon isotopes (δ13C), and oxygen isotopes of seawater (δ18Ow) at a water depth of 1166 m were reconstructed from 26 kyr BP to present. A new regional Mg / Ca calibration for the benthic foraminifera Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (type B) was established to convert the benthic Mg / Ca value to BWT, based on 26 surface sediment samples and two core-top samples retrieved around Okinawa Island. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the δ18Ow in the intermediate water in the n

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18

Silaban, L. L., A. S. Atmadipoera, M. T. Hartanto, and Herlisman. "Water mass characteristics in the Makassar Strait and Flores Sea in August-September 2015." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 944, no. 1 (2021): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/944/1/012054.

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Abstract Makassar Strait is one of the main entrance points for Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which carries water from the North Pacific through Flores Sea. ITF has a crucial role as a branch of the thermohaline circulation system in controlling the Indonesian marine ecosystem as well as regional climate variability. This research aims to describe the structure and stratification of water mass and the distribution parameters of chemical physics in the area of Makassar Strait up to Flores Sea at the month of August-September 2015 as much as 8 casts of data CTD is obtained from the result of exp

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19

Andayani, Ni Komang Sri, Delyuzar Ilahude, Alfi Satriadi, and Purwanto Purwanto. "Studi Potensi OTEC Berdasarkan Distribusi Suhu, Salinitas dan Densitas Di Perairan Timur – Utara Pulau Bali." Indonesian Journal of Oceanography 2, no. 4 (2020): 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijoce.v2i4.9346.

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Perairan Pulau Bali bagian timur dilalui ARLINDO (Arus Lintas Indonesia) dengan suhu 5 ˚C – 10 ˚C sehingga perairan ini cocok untuk dijadikan wilayah pengembangan energi terbarukan yaitu Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi suhu, salinitas, densitas terhadap kedalaman dan jenis massa air serta nilai maksimum efisiensi carnot, power gross (Pg) dan power net (Pnet) di perairan timur – utara Pulau Bali. Dari hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa perairan timur – utara Pulau Bali jenis massa airnya adalah North Pasific Intermediate Wa

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Nakanowatari, Takuya, Humio Mitsudera, Tatsuo Motoi, Ichiro Ishikawa, Kay I. Ohshima, and Masaaki Wakatsuchi. "Multidecadal-Scale Freshening at the Salinity Minimum in the Western Part of North Pacific: Importance of Wind-Driven Cross-Gyre Transport of Subarctic Water to the Subtropical Gyre." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 4 (2015): 988–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-0274.1.

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AbstractUsing oceanographic observations and an eddy-resolving ice–ocean coupled model simulation from 1955 to 2004, the effects of the wind-driven ocean circulation change that occurred in the late 1970s during multidecadal-scale freshening of the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) at salinity minimum density (~26.8 σθ) were investigated. An analysis of the observations revealed that salinity decreased significantly at the density range of 26.6–26.8 σθ in the western subtropical gyre, including the mixed water region (MWR). The temporal variability of the salinity is dominated by the mar

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Hamzah, Faisal, and Mukti Trenggono. "OKSIGEN TERLARUT DI SELAT LOMBOK." Jurnal Kelautan Nasional 9, no. 1 (2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkn.v9i1.6199.

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Oksigen merupakan gas penting dalam perairan laut dan berperan dalam proses biogeokimia laut. Sumber oksigen berasal dari difusi dari udara melalui proses turbelensi dan hasil fotosintesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji distribusi dan pengaruh Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) terhadap konsentrasi oksigen terlarut di Selat Lombok. Sebanyak 11 stasiun (3 di utara; 6 di tengah; 2 di selatan) dianalisis kandungan oksigen terlarutnya dengan menggunakan metode modifikasi winkler. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa kandungan oksigen di bagian utara berkisar 2,48-7,15 mg/l, tengah 2,32-6,58 mg/l da

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22

Panjaitan, Fareza Andre Pahlevi, Sri Yulina Wulandari, Gentur Handoyo, and Gentio Harsono. "Identifikasi dan Stratifikasi Massa Air di Laut Sulawesi." Indonesian Journal of Oceanography 3, no. 3 (2021): 322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijoce.v3i3.12255.

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Tujuan dari penelitian identifikasi dan stratifikasi massa air di Laut Sulawesi ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi tipe massa air dan mengetahui stratifikasi massa airnya. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data suhu dan salinitas hingga kedalaman 1500 m yang didapat dengan menggunakan alat Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD). Data suhu dan salinitas digunakan untuk mendapatkan tipe massa air dari hasil diagram TS berdasarkan klasifikasi Wyrtki. Adapun untuk penentuan stratifikasi massa air menggunakan kriteria gradien suhu dengan kriteria untuk lapisan termoklin adalah ≥ 0.05°C

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Naulita, Yuli. "TURBULENT MIXING PROCESSES IN LABANI CHANNEL, THE MAKASSAR STRAIT." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 8, no. 1 (2016): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v8i1.13769.

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Study on turbulent mixing processes in Labani Channel, the Makassar Strait, was conducted by using the INSTANT (International Nusantara Stratification And Transport) program dataset, in Juli 2005. The turbulent mixing process was evaluated using Thorpe method, where the overturning eddies were revealed by density inversions in CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) profiles. All individual identified-overturn regions was validated by the GK’s test (Galbraith and Kelly test) where at first noise on CTD signals had been removed by applying wavelet denoising. A large number of overturn regions with

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Firdaus, Randi, Budi Purwanto, Gentio Harsono, and Heryoso Setiyono. "Karakteristik Massa Air Lapisan Tercampur dan Lapisan Termoklin di Selat Lombok Pada Bulan November 2015." Jurnal Hidrografi Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2024): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.62703/jhi.v4i1.30.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik massa air pada lapisan campuran dan lapisan termoklin. Karakteristik massa air pada penelitian ini adalah suhu, salinitas, kepadatan, stabilitas statis dan jenis air. Penelitian ini menggunakan data suhu, salinitas, kepadatan dan kedalaman yang berasal dari CTD. Data suhu dan Salinitas digunakan untuk menentukan jenis air menggunakan diagram T-S (Temperature-Salinity) menurut klasifikasi Wyrtki sedangkan data kepadatan dan kedalaman digunakan untuk menentukan stabilitas statis. Stratifikasi massa air diklasifikasikan berdasarkan nilai

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25

Thompson, Lu Anne, and Wei Cheng. "Water Masses in the Pacific in CCSM3." Journal of Climate 21, no. 17 (2008): 4514–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2280.1.

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Abstract An examination of model water masses in the North Pacific Ocean is performed in the Community Climate System version 3 (CCSM3) and its ocean-only counterpart. While the surface properties of the ocean are well represented in both simulations, biases in thermocline and intermediate-water masses exist that point to errors in both ocean model physics and the atmospheric component of the coupled model. The lack of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) in both simulations as well as the overexpression of a too-fresh Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) is indicative of ocean model deficie

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M., A. Tareen* Z. A. Mirani M. U. Malla B. N. Siddiqui I. A. Sani. "ASSESSMENT OF NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR IMPROVEMENT OF WATER-COURSES FOR FOOD SECURITY IN BALOCHISTAN PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 12 (2017): 4301–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1098064.

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Abstract:Present study sought to assess the “National Programme for Improvement of Water-courses/water Storage Tanks” project in Baluchistan province of Pakistan. The study selected purposively five districts of Balochistan province namely (1) Loralai, (2) KillaSaifullah, (3) Pishin, (4) Mastung and (5) Sibi. Sample of 300 farmers; sixty (60) farmers from each district were selected by using simple random sampling method. The quantitative data thus collected were statistically analyzedusing Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results indicated that per hectare yield

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M., A. Tareen* Z. A. Mirani M. U. Malla B. N. Siddiqui. "ASSESSMENT OF NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR IMPROVEMENT OF WATER-COURSES FOR FOOD SECURITY IN BALOCHISTAN PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 12 (2017): 4301–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1098431.

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Abstract:Present study sought to assess the “National Programme for Improvement of Water-courses/water Storage Tanks” project in Baluchistan province of Pakistan. The study selected purposively five districts of Balochistan province namely (1) Loralai, (2) KillaSaifullah, (3) Pishin, (4) Mastung and (5) Sibi. Sample of 300 farmers; sixty (60) farmers from each district were selected by using simple random sampling method. The quantitative data thus collected were statistically analyzedusing Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results indicated that per hectare yield

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Nakano, Toshiya, Ikuo Kaneko, Masahiro Endoh, and Masafumi Kamachi. "Interannual and Decadal Variabilities of NPIW Salinity Minimum Core Observed along JMA’s Hydrographic Repeat Sections." Journal of Oceanography 61, no. 4 (2005): 681–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10872-005-0076-5.

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Zhang, Yongchui, Xi Chen, and Changming Dong. "Anatomy of a Cyclonic Eddy in the Kuroshio Extension Based on High-Resolution Observations." Atmosphere 10, no. 9 (2019): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090553.

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Mesoscale eddies are common in the ocean and their surface characteristics have been well revealed based on altimetric observations. Comparatively, the knowledge of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of mesoscale eddies is scarce, especially in the open ocean. In the present study, high-resolution field observations of a cyclonic eddy in the Kuroshio Extension have been carried out and the anatomy of the observed eddy is conducted. The temperature anomaly exhibits a vertical monopole cone structure with a maximum of −7.3 °C located in the main thermocline. The salinity anomaly shows a vertic

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Ishizaki, Hiroshi, and Ichiro Ishikawa. "Simulation of Formation and Spreading of Salinity Minimum Associated with NPIW Using a High-Resolution Model." Journal of Oceanography 60, no. 2 (2004): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:joce.0000038382.70748.f2.

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Yuliardi, Amir Yarkhasy, Agus S. Atmadipoera, Gentio Harsono, Nyoman Metta N. Natih, and Kentaro Ando. "Analysis of Characteristics and Turbulent Mixing of Seawater Mass in Lombok Strait." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 26, no. 2 (2021): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.26.2.95-109.

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The Lombok Strait, as one of the outlet straits, is part of the ITF route, which is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean. There is a sill in the Lombok Strait, which is a place for internal wave generation. Leg-1 data from the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology in collaboration with the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology which is part of the Tropical Ocean Climate Study Expedition including CTD Yoyo and ADCP taken using ship vehicles R/V Kaiyo. CTD Snapshot from PUSHIDROSAL using the KRI Spica 934 vehicle part of the Opssurta Baruna Jaya 2 Expedition. De

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Masujima, Masachika, Ichiro Yasuda, Yutaka Hiroe, and Tomowo Watanabe. "Transport of Oyashio Water across the Subarctic Front into the Mixed Water Region and Formation of NPIW." Journal of Oceanography 59, no. 6 (2003): 855–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:joce.0000009576.09079.f5.

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Putra, D. R., N. M. N. Natih, and A. Purwandana. "Seasonal variation of mixed layer depth and thermocline thickness from the ctd argo float data in the Southern Makassar Strait." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1137, no. 1 (2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1137/1/012010.

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Abstract The Makassar Strait (MS) is directly connected to the Sulawesi Sea in the north and the Java Sea and the Flores Sea in the south and is the main route of Indonesia Throughflow(ITF). Hence Stratification of water mass in the MS is influenced by the dynamics of these waters. This study aims to describe seasonal variations of the mixed layer depth and the thermocline thickness, identify ITF water masses, and the occurrence of coastal upwelling in the southern part of the MS. The results show that the North Pacific water origin of North Pacific Subtropical Water (NPSW) and North Pacific I

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DILIP, Mayuri J., and Rajesh KUMAR. "Negative Polarity Items in Telugu." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 9, no. 1 (2019): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.9.1.9-28.

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The paper presents a unified account of licensing conditions of Negative Polarity Items (NPI) in Telugu. Based on the distribution of NPIs in complex clauses, we state that negation c-commanding NPI at the base-generated. Consequently, features checking between negation and NPI restricts the alternatives on the scale inherent to NPIs. The morphological realization of NPI in the non-negative contexts is different from the context with overt negation. The NPIs show the following distribution. NPI occurs in subject position; A negative licensing Multiple NPIs. There are three types of NPIs: wh-el

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Kaźmierkiewicz, R., C. Czaplewski, and J. Ciarkowski. "Elucidation of neurophysin/bioligand interactions from molecular modeling." Acta Biochimica Polonica 44, no. 3 (1997): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1997_4396.

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This is a review of our recent modeling work aimed at: (i) development and assessment of techniques for reliable refinement of low-resolution protein structures and (ii) using these techniques, at solving specific problems pertinent to neurophysin-bioligand interactions. Neurophysins I and II (NPI and NPII) serve in the neurosecretory granules of the posterior pituitary as carrier proteins for the neurophyseal hormones oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP), respectively, until the latter are released into blood. NPs are homologous two-domain, sulphur rich small proteins (93-95 residues, 7 disulph

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Chen, Xiaohong, and Markus Reiss. "ON RATE OPTIMALITY FOR ILL-POSED INVERSE PROBLEMS IN ECONOMETRICS." Econometric Theory 27, no. 3 (2010): 497–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466610000381.

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In this paper we clarify the relations between the existing sets of regularity conditions for convergence rates of nonparametric indirect regression (NPIR) and nonparametric instrumental variables (NPIV) regression models. We establish minimax risk lower bounds in mean integrated squared error loss for the NPIR and NPIV models under two basic regularity conditions: the approximation number and the link condition. We show that both a simple projection estimator for the NPIR model and a sieve minimum distance estimator for the NPIV model can achieve the minimax risk lower bounds and are rate opt

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Surinati, Dewi, and Edi Kusmanto. "Stratifikasi Massa Air di Teluk Lasolo, Sulawesi Tenggara." Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 1, no. 2 (2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2016.v1i2.54.

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<strong>Stratification of Water Mass in Lasolo Bay, Southeast Sulawesi.</strong> As a nature conservation area, Lasolo Bay should be supported by data and information of waters oceanographic. Research for stratification of water masses in Lasolo Bay was conducted. from 10 to 19 July 2011. Temperature and salinity data were obtained using CTD SBE 911 Plus preinstalled on Research Vessel Baruna Jaya VIII at intervals of 24 data per second. Current data were obtained using Vessel Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (VMADCP) with an interval of two seconds. The results show that

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Harsono, Gentio, Amir Yarkhasy Yuliardi, Anindya Wirasatriya, Budi Purwanto, and Mario Cabral. "Water Mass and Indirect Estimation of Turbulent Mixing Based on Observational CTD Yoyo Data in Flores Sea Waters, Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 17, no. 2 (2025): 358–73. https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v17i2.70809.

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Graphical Abstract Highlight Research Three distinct water layers were identified: surface (0-50 m), thermocline (50-180 m), and deep (>180 m). The thermocline layer is the most stable, with high Brunt-Väisälä frequency and low Thorpe displacement values. The highest energy dissipation rates were observed in the thermocline layer. Vertical diffusivity values were highest in the thermocline layer and decreased with depth. Abstract The Flores Sea is on the western ITF trajectory connecting the Pacific and Indian oceans. Identification and quantification of turbulent mixing of water masses in

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Khalaf, Eman Al. "NPI licensing in Jordanian Arabic: An argument for downward entailment and syntax-semantics interface." Topics in Linguistics 18, no. 2 (2017): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/topling-2017-0008.

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AbstractRecent work shows that downward entailment (DE) cannot be the right semantic domain that licenses negative polarity items (NPIs). Zwarts (1995), Giannakidou (1998), among others, argue that NPIs are licensed in non-veridical domains, those that do not entail or presuppose the truth of the propositions they embed. In this paper, based on empirical facts, I argue that DE theory is the right analysis for Jordanian Arabic. I propose an analysis of NPI licensing in which three components of grammar interface: syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Semantics defines the class of NPI licensors, pr

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Lou, Yufei, Johannes Benedikt, Wen G. Jiang, and Tracey A. Martin. "Abstract P2-04-12: JAM A expression and its clinical/prognostic value in breast cancer." Clinical Cancer Research 31, no. 12_Supplement (2025): P2–04–12—P2–04–12. https://doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.sabcs24-p2-04-12.

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Abstract Background: Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) are a family of transmembrane proteins that localize in tight junctions at the apical and lateral membrane. JAM-A was the first family member to be described and functions in the cell as both a cell-cell adhesion protein and in the regulation of, barrier function contributing to the establishment of tight junction formation and epithelial polarity. Tight Junction proteins have been shown to be an important factor in the progression and metastatic progression. This study aimed to determine the role of JAM A in human breast cancer, Method

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Qiu, Bo, and Shuiming Chen. "Effect of Decadal Kuroshio Extension Jet and Eddy Variability on the Modification of North Pacific Intermediate Water." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 3 (2011): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jpo4575.1.

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Abstract Salinity modifications in the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) core layer of 26.7–26.8 σθ in the western North Pacific Ocean are investigated using temperature–salinity data from available profiling float and hydrographic measurements in 2002–09. During 2002–05, when the Kuroshio Extension (KE) jet was intense and zonally elongated, coherent positive salinity anomalies appeared along the inflow KE jet southeast of Japan and in the downstream Mixed Water region east of 152°E. Broad-scale negative salinity anomalies were detected south of the KE jet and in the upstream Mixed Wate

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Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina, Neeraj Kaushal, and Ashley N. Muchow. "Timing of social distancing policies and COVID-19 mortality: county-level evidence from the U.S." Journal of Population Economics 34, no. 4 (2021): 1445–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-021-00845-2.

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AbstractUsing county-level data on COVID-19 mortality and infections, along with county-level information on the adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), we examine how the speed of NPI adoption affected COVID-19 mortality in the United States. Our estimates suggest that adopting safer-at-home orders or non-essential business closures 1 day before infections double can curtail the COVID-19 death rate by 1.9%. This finding proves robust to alternative measures of NPI adoption speed, model specifications that control for testing, other NPIs, and mobility and across various samples (n

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Cheng, Weibin, Hanchu Zhou, Yang Ye, et al. "Future trajectory of respiratory infections following the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 33, no. 1 (2023): 013124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0123870.

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The accumulation of susceptible populations for respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs) when COVID-19-targeted non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were in place might pose a greater risk of future RID outbreaks. We examined the timing and magnitude of RID resurgence after lifting COVID-19-targeted NPIs and assessed the burdens on the health system. We proposed the Threshold-based Control Method (TCM) to identify data-driven solutions to maintain the resilience of the health system by re-introducing NPIs when the number of severe infections reaches a threshold. There will be outbreaks of all

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COLLINS, CHRIS, PAUL M. POSTAL, and ELVIS YEVUDEY. "Negative polarity items in Ewe." Journal of Linguistics 54, no. 2 (2017): 331–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222671700007x.

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Collins & Postal (2014) argue that English NPIs have two distinct syntactic structures: a unary NEG structure and a binary NEG structure. They suggest that this distinction is generally valid for natural languages. This formal difference was taken to reconstruct the common distinction in NPI studies between strong and weak NPIs. The present analysis of Ewe NPIs seeks to provide cross-linguistic support for this dual conception of NPIs by showing that the ke-NPIs in this language are all properly analyzed exclusively as unary NEG structures.

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Aditi Saxena, Jitendra Kumar, Vinay Kumar Deolia. "Numerical Modelling and Simulation-Based Optimization of NPID Controller for Robotic Manipulator System Using Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 13s (2025): 481–90. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i13s.2103.

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Robotic manipulation has always posed a challenge for researchers and scientists, especially when dealing with the nonlinearity of manipulators. To address this issue, this paper proposed a robust non-linear proportional integral derivative (NPID) control structure for regulating a non-linear, coupled, two-link stiff robotic manipulator system. The NPID controller employs an error-dependent non-linear factor to enhance its performance. The gains of the controllers were optimized using the meta-heuristic optimization technique Genetic Algorithm, with the objective function defined as the integr

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Ayas, I., Z. Hazar, I. Kaya, M. Ataoglu, and U. Kanatli. "AB1817-HPR CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION AND VALIDATION OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE NORWICH PATELLAR INSTABILITY SCORE IN PATIENTS WITH PATELLAR INSTABILITY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (2023): 2140.1–2140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.1317.

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BackgroundThe Norwich Patellar Instability Score (NPIs) score is a tool for evaluating the impact of patellofemoral instability on joint function. It has not been translated or culturally adapted for the Turkish population before.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to translate and validate the NPIs in Turkish patients with patellar instability.MethodsSixty-four individuals with patellar instability were included in this cross-sectional study. Test-retest reliability of the Turkish version of NPIs was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha for internal co

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Horrocks, Geoffrey. "Ouk ´Ismen Oudén: Negative Concord and Negative Polarity in the History of Greek." Journal of Greek Linguistics 14, no. 1 (2014): 43–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-01401003.

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In Ancient Greek a single set of indefinite enclitic pronouns was used indifferently in both negative/affective environments (i.e. like negative polarity items (NPI)) and in positive ones (i.e. like positive polarity items (PPI)). At the same time the negative pronouns used as negative quantifiers (NQ) were also employed as emphatic NPIs, with negative concord. The two functions of each class (i.e. PPI-like vs NPI-like, NQ vs NPI) were determined by syntactic distribution. In the specific case of negative sentences, an indefinite before a sentential negative marker (NM) functioned like a PPI b

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Hyanek, Vladimir, and Zuzana Prouzova. "Real structure of the non-profit institutions’ funding resources: market or government?" Equilibrium 10, no. 4 (2015): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2015.040.

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According to the theory, there are reasons to assume that non-profit institutions (NPI) behave specifically, in the way that is significantly different from the behaviour typical for both for-profit and public service providers. Paper investigates NPIs´ reactions to the distinctive changes of the economic environment in the 2008–2013 when Czech NPIs were relatively strongly affected by the crisis, although this affection probably haven’t been as heavy as in some other European countries. Non-profit institutions (NPI) are characterized by their multi-source funding when payments from end-consum

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Abu Helal, Abdel-Rahman Hani. "Negative Polarity and Domain Broadening: Evidence from Exceptive ʔilla in Levantine Arabic". Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 52, № 6 (2025): 7120. https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v52i6.7120.

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Objectives: A standard approach to the meaning and semantic licensing of negative polarity items (NPIs) takes an NPI likeindefinite any to be a scalar expression that obligatorily activates alternatives to its contextual restriction based on the notion of Domain Widening (Kadmon and Landman 1993, Chierchia 2006). The generalization underlying this approach is that an NPI induces a domain broadening effect which is subject to exhaustification in grammar. This paper contributes further evidence to this generalization by presenting and analyzing an occurrence of exceptive ʔilla in Levantine Arabi

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Gams, Matjaž, Anže Marinko, Nina Reščič, et al. "Balancing health and socioeconomic impacts: A uniform framework for evaluating non-pharmaceutical interventions." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0324232. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324232.

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This paper introduces a uniform evaluation framework for assessing the effectiveness of past non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in managing infectious diseases, taking into account the cultural and social differences between countries. The framework enables quantifying and finding the optimal balance of both the health and socioeconomic impacts of NPIs. The aim is to assist policymakers in understanding which NPIs lead to the optimal balance by highlighting unnecessary costs - the costs that could be avoided while maintaining the same infection rates. To assess the extent of unnecessary s

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