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Journal articles on the topic 'NRETS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nidhan Singh, Maria Kushunina, Maxim A. Zaika, and Alexander N. Sennikov. "A new species of Atriplex (Amaranthaceae) from the Indian subcontinent." PhytoKeys 229 (July 27, 2023): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.229.105162.

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A new subshrubby C4-species from the lowlands and foothills of India, Pakistan and SE Afghanistan, Atriplex pseudotatarica, is described and illustrated. Previously, it was incorrectly identified as A. crassifolia auct. non C.A.Mey. belonging to a distant C3-group of the genus. A phylogenetic analysis based on nrITS and nrETS revealed its position as sister to A. schugnanica (sect. Obionopsis). Both species share aphyllous inflorescence and smooth bract-like cover, but differ in life form, leaves, seed colour, and geographical distribution. We revised native Indian Atriplex species and exclude

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2

FU, ZHI-XI, GUO-JIN ZHANG, YI-ZHEN SHAO, et al. "Rediscovery of Aster polius (Astereae: Asteraceae), a rare and endemic species from China, after one century." Phytotaxa 423, no. 4 (2019): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.4.3.

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Aster polius C.K. Schneider (Asteraceae, Astereae) was known only from the holotype locality after having been collected in 1908. Its systematic position and relationships among Aster and related genera remained unknown. In this work, we report the rediscovery of Aster polius at the type locality in western Sichuan, China, in 2016. After a detailed comparison with herbarium specimens and a phylogenetic reconstruction of densely sampled relatives based on nuclear markers (nrITS & nrETS), the position of Aster polius was determined to be in Aster ser. Albescentes. This species differs from o

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Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nidhan Singh, Maria Kushunina, Maxim A. Zaika, and Alexander N. Sennikov. "A new species of Atriplex (Amaranthaceae) from the Indian subcontinent." PhytoKeys 229 (July 27, 2023): 167–83. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.229.105162.

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A new subshrubby C<sub>4</sub>-species from the lowlands and foothills of India, Pakistan and SE Afghanistan, Atriplex pseudotatarica, is described and illustrated. Previously, it was incorrectly identified as A. crassifolia auct. non C.A.Mey. belonging to a distant C<sub>3</sub>-group of the genus. A phylogenetic analysis based on nrITS and nrETS revealed its position as sister to A. schugnanica (sect. Obionopsis). Both species share aphyllous inflorescence and smooth bract-like cover, but differ in life form, leaves, seed colour, and geographical distribution. We revised native Indian Atripl

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4

Kramina, Tatiana E., Galina V. Degtjareva, Tahir H. Samigullin, et al. "Phylogeny of Lotus (Leguminosae: Loteae): Partial incongruence between nrITS, nrETS and plastid markers and biogeographic implications." Taxon 65, no. 5 (2016): 997–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/655.4.

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5

Thomas, William Wayt, Pedro Joel Silva da Silva Filho, and Marcelo Reginato. "Rhynchospora section Pleurostachys (Cyperaceae): a phylogeny and three new species from the dry forests of Bahia and Espírito Santo, Brazil." Plant Ecology and Evolution 157, no. 3 (2024): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.117163.

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Background and aims – We tested the integrity of Rhynchospora sect. Pleurostachys, understand its evolution and origins, and test the phylogenetic separation of three morphologically distinct taxa. Material and methods – We used the chloroplast marker trnL-F and the two nuclear markers nrETS and nrITS in our phylogenetic analysis. Key results – We demonstrated that R. sect. Pleurostachys is monophyletic and that the section is divided into two large clades with the early divergent species in each clade occurring outside the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The molecular analysis also confirmed the d

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Thomas, William Wayt, Filho Pedro Joel Silva da Silva, and Marcelo Reginato. "Rhynchospora section Pleurostachys (Cyperaceae): a phylogeny and three new species from the dry forests of Bahia and Espírito Santo, Brazil." Plant Ecology and Evolution 157, no. (3) (2024): 257–69. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.117163.

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Background and aims – We tested the integrity of Rhynchospora sect. Pleurostachys, understand its evolution and origins, and test the phylogenetic separation of three morphologically distinct taxa. Material and methods – We used the chloroplast marker <i>trnL-F</i> and the two nuclear markers nrETS and nrITS in our phylogenetic analysis. Key results – We demonstrated that R. sect. Pleurostachys is monophyletic and that the section is divided into two large clades with the early divergent species in each clade occurring outside the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The molecular analysis also confirme

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7

MILJKOVIĆ, MILICA, VLADIMIR RANĐELOVIĆ, and DÖRTE HARPKE. "A new species of Crocus (Iridaceae) from southern Albania (SW Balkan Peninsula)." Phytotaxa 265, no. 1 (2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.265.1.3.

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A new Crocus species (Iridaceae) for southern Albania, Crocus novicii sp. nov. (Iridaceae), is described and illustrated. We here provide diagnostic morphological characteristics, results of molecular analyses, detailed descriptions and illustrations of this new species and compare it with its relatives C. jablanicensis, C. cvijicii and C. veluchensis. Our molecular analysis is based on two chloroplast (matK–trnK, rps16–trnQ) and three nuclear markers (nrETS, nrITS, TOPO6B exon3–exon6) and includes representatives of all related species (C. cvijicii, C. dalmaticus, C. jablanicensis, C. rujanen

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8

Bernecker, Claudia, Eva Maria Matzhold, Dagmar Kolb, et al. "Membrane Properties of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cultured Red Blood Cells." Cells 11, no. 16 (2022): 2473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11162473.

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Cultured red blood cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (cRBC_iPSCs) are a promising source for future concepts in transfusion medicine. Before cRBC_iPSCs will have entrance into clinical or laboratory use, their functional properties and safety have to be carefully validated. Due to the limitations of established culture systems, such studies are still missing. Improved erythropoiesis in a recently established culture system, closer simulating the physiological niche, enabled us to conduct functional characterization of enucleated cRBC_iPSCs with a focus on membrane properties. Mor

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Goldenberg, Renato, Marcelo Reginato, and Fabián A. Michelangeli. "Miconia lucenae (Melastomataceae), a new species from montane Atlantic Forest in Espírito Santo, Brazil." PeerJ 8 (March 19, 2020): e8752. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8752.

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We describe Miconia lucenae R.Goldenb. & Michelang., a new species from the montane Atlantic Forest in Santa Teresa in the state of Espírito Santo. Our analysis, based on three plastid spacers (atpF-atpH, psbK-psbl and trnS-trnG), one plastid gene (ndhF, not available for M. lucenae), and two nuclear ribosomal loci (nrITS and nrETS), showed that it belongs to a small clade with Miconia paradoxa (Mart. ex DC.) Triana (Minas Gerais) and M. michelangeliana R.Goldenb. & L.Kollmann (Espírito Santo). The three species in the “Paradoxa clade” can be recognized by the plants with glabrous or g

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10

ŞIK, LEVENT, CEYDA YAZICI, RACHEL ROSE MOLLMAN, et al. "A new autumn-flowering Crocus (Iridaceae) from Türkiye: C. rifatozdemiri sp. nov." Phytotaxa 665, no. 1 (2024): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.665.1.2.

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C. rifatozdemiri sp. nov. is a new autumn-blooming species from Crocus series Crocus described from three locations on Mount Çal in Muğla province in southwest Türkiye. The new species is notable for its large showy white flowers with sharply mucronate segment tips and contrasting bright red stigma branches. The exceptionally tall stigma is what most clearly differentiates the new species from its closest relatives, with its long branches that usually divide from above the anther tips, although other morphological features, such as tunic neck and tepal shape, as well as molecular data, support

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Pastore, José Floriano Barêa, Guilherme Medeiros Antar, Arthur de Souza Soares, Félix Forest, and Raymond Mervyn Harley. "A New and Expanded Phylogenetic Analysis of Hyptidinae (Ocimeae-Lamiaceae)." Systematic Botany 46, no. 4 (2021): 1086–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364421x16370109698542.

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Abstract— Hyptidinae, ca. 400 species, is an important component of Neotropical vegetation formations. Members of the subtribe possess flowers arranged in variously modified bracteolate cymes and nutlets with an expanded areole and all share a unique explosive mechanism of pollen release, except for Asterohyptis. In a recent phylogenetic study, the group had its generic delimitations rearranged with the recognition of 19 genera in the subtribe. Although the previous phylogenetic analysis covered almost all the higher taxa in the subtribe, it lacked a broader sampling at the species level. Here

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Gostel, Morgan, Gregory Plunkett, and Porter P. Lowry Ii. "Straddling the Mozambique Channel: molecular evidence for two major clades of Afro-Malagasy Schefflera (Araliaceae) co-occurring in Africa and Madagascar." Plant Ecology and Evolution 150, no. (1) (2017): 87–108. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2017.1193.

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<b>Background and introduction</b> – <i>Schefflera</i> is the largest genus in Araliaceae, with approximately 900 species. However, recent studies have shown that <i> Schefflera</i> is polyphyletic, representing no fewer than five distinct clades, each corresponding to a specific geographic region: Asia, continental Africa plus Madagascar, Melanesia, the Neotropics, and a small clade in several archipelagos of the Pacific Ocean. The Afro-Malagasy clade comprises 49 species distributed throughout tropical Africa, Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, and the Seychelles. Previous studies have suggeste

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Versiane, Ana Flávia Alves, Rosana Romero, Marcelo Reginato, Cassiano A. Dorneles Welker, Fabián A. Michelangeli, and Renato Goldenberg. "Phylogenetic analysis of Microlicieae (Melastomataceae), with emphasis on the re-circumscription of the large genus Microlicia." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 197, no. 1 (2021): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boab011.

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Abstract Microlicieae are a monophyletic tribe comprising seven genera: Chaetostoma, Lavoisiera, Microlicia s.s., Poteranthera, Rhynchanthera, Stenodon and Trembleya. Microlicia s.s. includes 172 species predominantly distributed in the campo rupestre of Brazil. Its delimitation is complex because the generic boundaries, mostly with Lavoisiera and Trembleya, are unclear. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis for Microlicieae focusing on Microlicia s.s., with the specific goals: (1) to test the monophyly of Microlicia s.s.; (2) to investigate morphological characters that could help in circum

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14

de Almeida, Rafael Felipe, Maria Alves, Cássio van den Berg, Marco O. O. Pellegrini, Morgan R. Gostel, and Nádia Roque. "Molecular Phylogenetics and Historical Biogeography of Subtribe Ecliptinae (Asteraceae, Heliantheae)." Plants 13, no. 19 (2024): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13192817.

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We present a molecular phylogeny for the subtribe Ecliptinae (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) based on three plastid (matK, psbA-trnH, and trnQ-rps16) and two nuclear (nrITS and nrETS) markers. The results of the phylogenetic reconstruction were utilised as a topological constraint for a subsequent divergence dating analysis and ancestral range reconstructions. We sampled 41 species and 40 genera (72%) of Ecliptinae and two species of Montanoa (as outgroups) to elucidate the generic relationships between the genera of this subtribe. The Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analyses wer

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15

LAKUŠIĆ, DMITAR, SAŠA STEFANOVIĆ, SONIA SILJAK-YAKOVLEV, TAMARA RAKIĆ, NEVENA KUZMANOVIĆ, and BOŠTJAN SURINA. "Edraianthus stankovicii (Campanulaceae), an overlooked taxon from the Balkan Peninsula—Evidence from morphometric, molecular and genome size studies." Phytotaxa 269, no. 2 (2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.269.2.1.

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The taxonomically intricate Edraianthus dalmaticus-serbicus group within E. tenuifolius-complex in the Balkan Peninsula is reviewed using morphological, molecular and genome size data based on extensive sampling of populations across the species’ range. The phylogenetic analyses based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), plastid DNA (trnL-F region and rbcL-atpB spacer) and nuclear ribosomal external transcribed spacer (nrETS) sequences confirmed the monophyly of E. serbicus as traditionally defined but have also revealed the presence of two distinct and allopatrically distribute

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16

Meyer, Fabrício Schmitz, Marcelo Reginato, Eric Camargo Smidt, Jesús Ricardo De Santiago Gómez, Fabián A. Michelangeli, and Renato Goldenberg. "Phylogenetic relationships in Brachyotum and allies (Melastomataceae, Melastomateae): a reassessment of the limits of the genera." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 197, no. 2 (2021): 170–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boab014.

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Abstract In the past decade, several phylogenetic studies based on molecular data have been generated and changed our view on the evolutionary history and classification of Melastomataceae. Nonetheless, given the size of the family, some groups are still under-sampled and poorly understood, such as the clade formed by Brachyotum and allies in Melastomateae, including three genera, Andesanthus, Brachyotum and Chaetogastra. The principal objective of this work was to further test the relationships in this clade by increasing taxon and locus sampling and by including morphological character recon

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17

Salmaki, Yasaman, Günther Heubl, and Maximilian Weigend. "Towards a new classification of tribe Stachydeae (Lamiaceae): naming clades using molecular evidence." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 190, no. 4 (2019): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz021.

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AbstractStachydeae, comprising c. 470 species, are one of the most diverse and taxonomically puzzling groups in Lamioideae. In the present study, the phylogenetic relationships in the Eurystachys clade (a phylogenetic name for all genera attributed to Stachydeae except Melittis) were reconstructed utilizing nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences (nrETS, 5S-NTS) from 148 accessions in 12 genera. Our phylogenetic results recovered Stachys as paraphyletic with numerous traditionally recognized genera nested in it. A broadly defined Eurystachys clade, however, was monophyletic. Unlike previous studies, t

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18

Chui, Chan Hon. "Nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS)." Surgical Oncology 16, no. 3 (2007): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.suronc.2007.07.006.

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19

Wisely, Janet. "NRES: Challenges and Opportunities." Research Ethics 5, no. 1 (2009): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174701610900500104.

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20

Rawbone, Roger. "GAfREC Harmonised, NRES Rules." Research Ethics 5, no. 3 (2009): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174701610900500301.

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21

Alt, Jeremy A., Ferenc Obal, T. R. Traynor, Janos Gardi, Jeannine A. Majde, and James M. Krueger. "Alterations in EEG activity and sleep after influenza viral infection in GHRH receptor-deficient mice." Journal of Applied Physiology 95, no. 2 (2003): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01190.2002.

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Viral infections induce excess non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) in mice. Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH receptor) was previously identified as a candidate gene responsible for NREMS responses to influenza challenge in mice. The dwarf lit/lit mouse with a nonfunctional GHRH receptor was used to assess the role of the GHRH receptor in viral-induced NREMS. After influenza A virus infection the duration and intensity [electroencephalogram (EEG) delta power] of NREMS increased in heterozygous mice with the normal phenotype, whereas NREMS and EEG delta power decreased in homozyg

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Trachsel, L., I. Tobler, and A. A. Borbely. "Sleep regulation in rats: effects of sleep deprivation, light, and circadian phase." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 251, no. 6 (1986): R1037—R1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.251.6.r1037.

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Sleep states and electroencephalographic (EEG) parameters were determined in unrestrained rats that had been implanted with electrodes under deep pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. Two base-line days with a light-dark cycle (LD) and 2 days under continuous darkness (DD) were followed by 24 h of sleep deprivation (SD) ending in the middle of the circadian activity period and by 2 recovery days in DD. In the base-line LD rest period, the amount of rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) and the EEG amplitude of non-REMS (NREMS) were lower than in the corresponding DD period. SD caused an immediate enhance

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Opp, M. R., F. Obal, and J. M. Krueger. "Interleukin 1 alters rat sleep: temporal and dose-related effects." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 260, no. 1 (1991): R52—R58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.260.1.r52.

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Rats received various doses of interleukin 1 (IL-1) (range, 0.5-25.0 ng) or pyrogen-free saline intracerebroventricularly during the rest (light) and the active (dark) cycles of the day, and sleep-wake activity and brain temperature were determined for 6 h. Low doses of IL-1 (0.5 ng at night, 2.5 ng during the day) increased both the duration of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) and electroencephalogram (EEG) slow-wave activity during NREMS episodes. Increasing doses of IL-1 had divergent effects on NREMS duration and EEG slow-wave activity, and the direction of the changes depended on the

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Gao, B. O., P. Franken, I. Tobler, and A. A. Borbely. "Effect of elevated ambient temperature on sleep, EEG spectra, and brain temperature in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 268, no. 6 (1995): R1365—R1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.6.r1365.

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To examine the relationship between sleep and brain temperature in the rat, the vigilance states, spectral power density of the electroencephalogram (EEG), hypothalamic temperature (T(hy)), and cortical temperature (Tcr) were recorded for 3 days. A 1-day rise of ambient temperature from 23 to 30 degrees C did not affect the percentage of waking, non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS), and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), but increased EEG slow-wave activity in NREMS in the 12-h dark period. T(hy) was invariably higher than Tcr, but at 30 degrees C the difference diminished because of a rise in T

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Obal, Ferenc, Jeremiah Alt, Ping Taishi, Janos Gardi, and James M. Krueger. "Sleep in mice with nonfunctional growth hormone-releasing hormone receptors." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 284, no. 1 (2003): R131—R139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00361.2002.

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The role of the somatotropic axis in sleep regulation was studied by using the lit/lit mouse with nonfunctional growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) receptors (GHRH-Rs) and control heterozygous C57BL/6J mice, which have a normal phenotype. During the light period, the lit/lit mice displayed significantly less spontaneous rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS) than the controls. Intraperitoneal injection of GHRH (50 μg/kg) failed to promote sleep in the lit/lit mice, whereas it enhanced NREMS in the heterozygous mice. Subcutaneous infusion of GH replacement stimulated weig

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Le Bon, O., and P. Linkowski. "Absence of systematic relationships between REMS duration episodes and spectral power Delta and Ultra-Slow bands in contiguous NREMS episodes in healthy humans." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 1 (2013): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00020.2013.

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Previous studies in animals and humans have reported correlations between the durations of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) episodes and immediately preceding or subsequent non-REMS (NREMS) episodes. The relationship between these two types of sleep is a crucial component in understanding the regulation and neurophysiology of ultradian alternations that occur during sleep. Although the present study replicated previous studies, we also measured NREMS in terms of spectral power Delta and Ultra-Slow bands in addition to duration in examining correlations. The spectral power Delta band, also known

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Peterfi, Zoltan, Gábor B. Makara, Ferenc Obál, and James M. Krueger. "The anterolateral projections of the medial basal hypothalamus affect sleep." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 296, no. 4 (2009): R1228—R1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90958.2008.

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The role of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and the anterior hypothalamus/preoptic area (AH/POA) in sleep regulation was investigated using the Halász knife technique to sever MBH anterior and lateral projections in rats. If both lateral and anterior connections of the MBH were cut, rats spent less time in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). In contrast, if the lateral connections remained intact, the duration of NREMS and REMS was normal. The diurnal rhythm of NREMS and REMS was altered in all groups except the sham control group. Changes in NREMS or

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Vennarini, Sabina, Francesca Colombo, Alfredo Mirandola, et al. "Proton Therapy in Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas of Children and Adolescents." Cancers 16, no. 9 (2024): 1694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16091694.

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This paper provides insights into the use of Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) in pediatric patients with non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS). NRSTS are a heterogeneous group of rare and aggressive mesenchymal extraskeletal tumors, presenting complex and challenging clinical management scenarios. The overall survival rate for patients with NRSTS is around 70%, but the outcome is strictly related to the presence of various variables, such as the histological subtype, grade of malignancy and tumor stage at diagnosis. Multimodal therapy is typically considered the preferred treatment for hi

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LAU, SIE-HOE, KIAN-SAM HONG, PAUL NGEE-KIONG LAU, and HASBEE USOP. "ROBUSTNESS OF NUMBER RIGHT ELIMINATION TESTING (NRET) SCORING METHOD FOR MULTIPLE-CHOICE ITEMS IN COMPUTERADAPTIVE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (CAAS)." Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning 9, no. 2 (2022): 283–300. https://doi.org/10.58459/rptel.2014.9283-300.

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This paper compares the robustness of the Number Right Elimination Testing (NRET) scoring method for multiple-choice items in Computer-Adaptive Assessment System (CAAS) with two existing scoring methods: Number Right (NR) and Elimination Testing (ET). The NRET scoring method is more reflective of the reality at a workplace that credits partial knowledge and penalizes guessing and detects misconceptions. Quasi-experimental research design was employed where error due to scoring was the prime focus and the scoring method was the main manipulated variable. A total of 449 Form Two students in 19 M

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Sharma, Virender, Rajeev Bansal, and Mamta Mokta. "MG NREGS Supporting Livelihood in Himachal Pradesh." Journal of Business Management and Information Systems 3, no. 2 (2016): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/jbmis.2016.0302004.

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Livelihood security has remained a challenge to drag the rural masses out of the poverty, especially the weaker and marginal sections of the society. MG NREGA has been enacted with a view to providing livelihood security to people residing in rural areas by means of unskilled wage employment for atleast for 100 days to each household. The implementation of MG NREGS has positively affected the lives of rural folk in different dimensions. The paper analyses the three dimensions viz. employment generation, accrual of income and livelihood support in three selected development blocks of district S

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SEVINDIK, Emre, Melike AYDOGAN, and Mehmet Y. PAKSOY. "Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Conringia Heist. Ex Fabr. (Brassicaceae) in Turkey based on nuclear (nrITS) and chloroplast (trnL-F) DNA sequences." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 13, no. 3 (2021): 11034. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb13311034.

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In this study, phylogenetic analysis of Turkish Conringia (Brassicaceae) species was conducted based on nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrITS) and chloroplast DNA (trnL-F) sequences. In addition, the relationships between the sequences of some Brassicaceae family species retrieved from NCBI, and Conringia species were documented. All of the plant specimens were collected at their flowering and vegetation periods from different regions of Turkey, and brought to the laboratory. Total genomic DNA was extracted using the GeneMark kit. In PCR analyses, ITS4 and ITS5A primers were used for the amplification

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Opp, M. R., F. Obal, and J. M. Krueger. "Effects of alpha-MSH on sleep, behavior, and brain temperature: interactions with IL 1." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 255, no. 6 (1988): R914—R922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.255.6.r914.

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Changes in rabbit sleep-wake activity, brain temperature (Tbr), and behavior were studied after intracerebroventricular injections of a putative endogenous antipyretic, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), and of an endogenous pyrogen, interleukin 1 (IL 1-beta). alpha-MSH (0.1-50.0 micrograms) dose dependently increased wakefulness (W) and decreased Tbr, non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS), and rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS). NREMS was more sensitive than REMS to the suppressive effects of low alpha-MSH doses. EEG slow-wave activity in NREMS decreased after alpha-MSH treatment.

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Atienzar-Aroca, Sandra, Marleen Kat, and Arturo López-Castel. "Decoding Nucleotide Repeat Expansion Diseases: Novel Insights from Drosophila melanogaster Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 21 (2024): 11794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111794.

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Drosophila melanogaster usage has provided substantial insights into the pathogenesis of several nucleotide repeat expansion diseases (NREDs), a group of genetic diseases characterized by the abnormal expansion of DNA repeats. Leveraging the genetic simplicity and manipulability of Drosophila, researchers have successfully modeled close to 15 NREDs such as Huntington’s disease (HD), several spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA), and myotonic dystrophies type 1 and 2 (DM1/DM2). These models have been instrumental in characterizing the principal associated molecular mechanisms: protein aggregation, RNA

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Deurveilher, S., B. Rusak, and K. Semba. "Time-of-day modulation of homeostatic and allostatic sleep responses to chronic sleep restriction in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 302, no. 12 (2012): R1411—R1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00678.2011.

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To study sleep responses to chronic sleep restriction (CSR) and time-of-day influences on these responses, we developed a rat model of CSR that takes into account the polyphasic sleep patterns in rats. Adult male rats underwent cycles of 3 h of sleep deprivation (SD) and 1 h of sleep opportunity (SO) continuously for 4 days, beginning at the onset of the 12-h light phase (“3/1” protocol). Electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) recordings were made before, during, and after CSR. During CSR, total sleep time was reduced by ∼60% from baseline levels. Both rapid eye movement sleep (RE

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Beranek, L., F. Obál, P. Taishi, B. Bodosi, F. Laczi, and J. M. Krueger. "Changes in rat sleep after single and repeated injections of the long-acting somatostatin analog octreotide." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 273, no. 4 (1997): R1484—R1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.4.r1484.

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Somnogenic activity is attributed to both growth hormone (GH) and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH). The aim of our experiments was to study sleep after suppression of the somatotropic axis by means of administration of a long-lasting somatostatin analog, octreotide. Rats received subcutaneous injections of physiological saline (baseline), octreotide (1, 10, and 200 μg/kg), or a control solution just before light onset, and sleep-wake activity and cortical brain temperature were recorded for 23 h. Each dose of octreotide slightly promoted rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) during the 12-h light period.

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Hajdu, I., F. Obal, J. Fang, J. M. Krueger, and C. D. Rollo. "Sleep of transgenic mice producing excess rat growth hormone." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 282, no. 1 (2002): R70—R76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00485.2001.

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The effects of chronic excess of growth hormone (GH) on sleep-wake activity was determined in giant transgenic mice in which the metallothionein-1 promoter stimulates the expression of rat GH (MT-rGH mice) and in their normal littermates. In the MT-rGH mice, the time spent in spontaneous non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) was enhanced moderately, and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) time increased greatly during the light period. After a 12-h sleep deprivation, the MT-rGH mice continued to sleep more than the normal mice, but there were no differences in the increments in NREMS, REMS, and ele

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Anderson, Megan E. "Clinical Outcomes of Pediatric Soft-tissue Sarcoma in the Extremities." Oncology & Hematology Review (US) 07, no. 02 (2011): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ohr.2011.07.2.119.

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Soft-tissue sarcomas are rare malignancies in children and adolescents, representing only 7.4 % of cancer cases in children <20 years of age. They are categorized into rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) and non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue sarcomas (NRSTS). RMS of the extremities is associated with a poorer prognosis than RMS overall. Important negative prognostic factors are higher stage and clinical group, positive regional nodes, larger size, and greater tumor invasiveness. Overall survival for extremity RMS is around 70 % at five years, with significant variability based on clinical group. NRSTS i

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Bansal, Rajeev, and Neema Gnanadev. "Social Audit of MG NREGAs in Himachal Pradesh: Methodologies and Challenges." Journal of Business Management and Information Systems 3, no. 1 (2016): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/jbmis.2016.0301008.

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The paper aims to investigate the methodologies of conducting social audits under MG NREGS in selected districts of Himachal Pradesh. The paper focus on the significant issues including the difficulties in following social audit process, effectiveness of existing social audit methodology i.e. mechanism to undertake social audit in MG NREGS.; the paper examines the four dimensions viz. Process of Social Audit, Organising Gram Sabha, and Transparency followed in Social Audit Process and Supervision of Implemented works. The role played by three different institutions which facilitated and suppor

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Battaile, Bill, and Saurabh Mishra. "Transforming Non-Renewable Resource Economies (NREs)." IMF Working Papers 15, no. 171 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513573571.001.

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Jia, Lihua, Desheng Hu, Junbo Wang, et al. "Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of Nitrate Transporter Genes (NPF, NRT2 and NRT3) in Maize." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16 (2023): 12941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612941.

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Nitrate is the primary form of nitrogen uptake in plants, mainly transported by nitrate transporters (NRTs), including NPF (NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER FAMILY), NRT2 and NRT3. In this study, we identified a total of 78 NPF, seven NRT2, and two NRT3 genes in maize. Phylogenetic analysis divided the NPF family into eight subgroups (NPF1-NPF8), consistent with the results in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. The NRT2 family appears to have evolved more conservatively than the NPF family, as NRT2 genes contain fewer introns. The promoters of all NRTs are rich in cis-acting elements resp

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Kapas, L., M. Shibata, M. Kimura, and J. M. Krueger. "Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis suppresses sleep in rabbits." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 266, no. 1 (1994): R151—R157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.1.r151.

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The effects of N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, on spontaneous and interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced sleep were examined in rabbits. Animals were injected intracerebroventricularly or intravenously during the light phase with vehicle, L-NAME, IL-1, or the combination of L-NAME and IL-1. Injection of L-NAME (5 mg icv and 100 mg/kg iv) suppressed both non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) for 4-6 h. The sleep-suppressive effects are unlikely due to pressor responses to L-NAME because administration of L-NAME (5

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Jenni, Oskar G., Alexander A. Borbély, and Peter Achermann. "Development of the nocturnal sleep electroencephalogram in human infants." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 286, no. 3 (2004): R528—R538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00503.2003.

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The development of nocturnal sleep and the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) was investigated in a longitudinal study during infancy. All-night polysomnographic recordings were obtained at home at 2 wk and at 2, 4, 6, and 9 mo after birth (analysis of 7 infants). Total sleep time and the percentage of quiet sleep or non-rapid eye movement sleep (QS/NREMS) increased with age, whereas the percentage of active sleep or rapid eye movement sleep (AS/REMS) decreased. Spectral power of the sleep EEG was higher in QS/NREMS than in AS/REMS over a large part of the 0.75- to 25-Hz frequency range. In both

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Maeda, Shin-ichi, Risa Aoba, Yuma Nishino, and Tatsuo Omata. "A Novel Bacterial Nitrate Transporter Composed of Small Transmembrane Proteins." Plant and Cell Physiology 60, no. 10 (2019): 2180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz112.

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AbstractA putative silent gene of the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus strain PCC 7942, encoding a small protein with two transmembrane helices, was named nrtS, since its overexpression from an inducible promoter conferred nitrate uptake activity on the nitrate transport-less NA4 mutant of S. elongatus. Homologs of nrtS, encoding proteins of 67–118 amino acid residues, are present in a limited number of eubacteria including mostly cyanobacteria and proteobacteria, but some others, e.g. the actinobacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, also have the gene. When expre

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Obal, F., R. Floyd, L. Kapas, B. Bodosi, and J. M. Krueger. "Effects of systemic GHRH on sleep in intact and hypophysectomized rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 270, no. 2 (1996): E230—E237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1996.270.2.e230.

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The role of pituitary growth hormone (GH) in the mediation of enhanced sleep elicited by GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) was studied in the rat. Intact and hypophysectomized (HYPOX) rats received systemic injections of GHRH or physiological saline. GHRH (0.5, 5.0, or 50 micrograms/kg in the intact rats and 0.5 or 50 micrograms/kg in HYPOX rats) was injected 6 h after light onset (P.M. injection) or just before light onset (A.M. injection, 0.5 microgram/kg in both A.M. groups). Sleep-wake activity and brain cortical temperature were recorded for 23 h (12 h light + 11 h dark). A.M. injection of GHRH

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Trachsel, L., I. Tobler, and A. A. Borbely. "Electroencephalogram analysis of non-rapid eye movement sleep in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 255, no. 1 (1988): R27—R37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.255.1.r27.

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Sleep states and power spectra of the electroencephalogram were determined for consecutive 4-s epochs during 24 h in rats that had been implanted with electrodes under deep pentobarbital anesthesia. The power spectra in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) showed marked trends: low-frequency activity (0.75-7.0 Hz) declined progressively throughout the 12-h light period (L) and remained low during most of the 12-h dark period (D); high-frequency activity (10.25-25.0 Hz) rose toward the end of L and reached a maximum at the beginning of D. Within a single NREMS episode (duration 0.5-5.0 min), sl

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Szentirmai, Éva, Tadanobu Yasuda, Ping Taishi, et al. "Growth hormone-releasing hormone: cerebral cortical sleep-related EEG actions and expression." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293, no. 2 (2007): R922—R930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00237.2007.

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Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), its receptor (GHRHR), and other members of the somatotropic axis are involved in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) regulation. Previously, studies established the involvement of hypothalamic GHRHergic mechanisms in NREMS regulation, but cerebral cortical GHRH mechanisms in sleep regulation remained uninvestigated. Here, we show that unilateral application of low doses of GHRH to the surface of the rat somatosensory cortex ipsilaterally decreased EEG delta wave power, while higher doses enhanced delta power. These actions of GHRH on EEG delta wave pow

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Ribeiro, Ana Cristina, John G. Gilligan, and Levente Kapás. "Systemic injection of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor suppresses sleep responses to sleep deprivation in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 4 (2000): R1048—R1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.4.r1048.

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We hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) may play a role in homeostatic sleep regulation. To test this hypothesis, we studied the sleep deprivation (SD)-induced homeostatic sleep responses after intraperitoneal administration of an NO synthase inhibitor, Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, a cumulative dose of 100 mg/kg). Amounts and intensity of sleep were increased in response to 8 h of SD in control rats ( n = 8). Sleep amounts remained above baseline for 16 h after SD followed by a negative rebound. Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS) intensities were elevated for 16 a

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Bansal, Rajiv, and Neema Gnanadev. "Institutionalization of Social Audit Practices in MGNREGAs in Himachal Pradesh." VEETHIKA-An International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 1, no. 3 (2015): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/veethika.2015.01.03.010.

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The general objective of the paper is to investigate into the social audits conducted under MG NREGS in selected districts of Himachal Pradesh. There are significant issues attached with the paper which focus on the prime and deserving utmost importance including the difficulties in following Social Audit process; the paper examines the different dimensions viz. Knowledge to GP Officials, Institutionalization of Procedures, Perceptions of Community and Livelihood Security. The view point of Panchayat officials, MG NREGS workers and non workers has been obtained to reach reasonable conclusions.

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Bon, Olivier Le, Daniel Neu, Filomena Valente, and Paul Linkowski. "Paradoxical NREMS Distribution in “Pure” Chronic Fatigue Patients." Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 14, no. 2 (2007): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j092v14n02_05.

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Madhumathi, Periasamy, Kaliannan Thenmalar, Selvaraj Shobana, Manickam Veerasundaram, Androse Joseph Sheela, and Renoald Albert Johny. "Various PSO methods investigation in renewable and nonrenewable sources." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems 13, no. 4 (2022): 2498~2505. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i4.pp2498-2505.

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Optimization structures are mostly considered for resolving multi-objective difficulties similar to cost, emission, and financial load dispatch in various energy sources. Non-renewable energy sources (NRES) emit harmful gases like CO2 , and methane. which results in air pollutants, so various techniques are used in survey papers. By considering optimization techniques, the multi-objective problems are reduced in renewable energy sources (RES) and NRES. Implementing these techniques in RES and NRES will define the proper objective function. Hybrid algorithms are used for solving multiobjective

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