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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'NT4'
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Ghazi-Nouri, Seyed Mohammad Sadegh. "Expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 4 (NT4) and their common receptor, TrkB, by human Müller cells in vitro and in vivo." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445573/.
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Neurotrophins are trophic and mitogenic proteins that play a role in the development, differentiation, connectivity and survival of neurons, acting via their specific receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system, including the retina. The preferred receptor for brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 4 (NT4) is TrKB. Muller cells may play an important role in neurotrophin function in the nervous system. It has been suggested that neurotrophins exert their effects on photoreceptors by acting indirectly through activation of Muller cells. The aims of the present work were to characterise the expression of BDNF, NT4 and TrkB by human Muller cells in vitro, and to examine whether changes in the expression of these molecules occur in retina from patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) when compared with normal retina. In addition, changes in the expression of BDNF, NT4 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were also investigated in melanoma affected human retina following laser photocoagulation. A variety of techniques were employed to investigate the expression of the above neurotrophins and TrkB at the RNA and protein levels. These included cell culture and mRNA extraction, RT-PCR, Western blot, and Immunocytochemistery. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and light microscopy were used for imaging. The results showed that cultured human Muller cells express BDNF and NT4 as indicated by both mRNA and protein expression. A truncated isoform of TrkB was also shown to be expressed by a spontaneously immortalized human Muller cell line used in the study (MIO-M1). Staining for NT4 was greatly increased in retinal sections from eyes with PVR, compared with normal retina. NT4 expression by Muller cells in situ was confirmed by confocal imaging observations that cells staining for this neurotrophin co-stained for GFAP. By contrast, there was a decrease in TrkB immunostaining in PVR retinectomy sections compared with controls. NT4 staining was also reduced at the site of laser burns in melanoma affected retina. Possible explanations are discussed in the thesis.
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Lépée-Lorgeoux, Isabelle. "Ontogénèse et régulation des récepteurs NT1 et NT2 de la neurotensine dans le cerveau de rat." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P621.
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Klauke, Sven. "NTU prenucleoli." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967433533.
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Samuelsson, Mikael. "NTA i förskolan." Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för naturvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6002.
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Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på hur NTA fungerar på förskolenivå. Detta gjordes via intervjuer och en observation. Samtliga pedagoger i undersökningen menar att NTA fungerar bra även på förskolenivå, sålänge man bryter ner det till barnens nivå.
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Ezahri, Mohamed. "Etude de la solubilité dans l'eau et de la décomposition thermique des oxalates complexes : (NH4)3Al(C2O4)3, (NH4)3Fe(C2O4)3, (NH4)3Cr(C2O4)3, (NH4)2TiO(C2O4)2 et (NH4)2VO(C2O4)2." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10164.
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L'objectif de ce travail est la mise au point de techniques douces en vue de l'elaboration de materiaux d'oxydes a matrice alumine. Dans ce but, ont ete etablis les diagrammes de solubilite dans l'eau d'oxalates complexes et sont presentes: les systemes binaires h#2o(nh#4)#3al(c#2o#4)#3 et h#2o-(nh#4)#3ad(c#2o#4)#2 (m=ti, v) les isothermes 25c des ternaires h#2o-(nh#4)#3al(c#2o#4)#3-(nh#4)#3n(c#2o#4)#3 (n=fe, cr) et h#2o-(nh#4)#3al(c#2o#4)#3-(nh#4)#2mo(c#2o#4)#2 la coupe 25c du quaternaire h#2o-(nh#4)#3al(c#2o#4)#3-1/2(nh#4)#3fe(c#2o#4)#3-1/2(nh#4)#ocr(c#2o#4)#3. Toutes les phases solides rencontrees ont ete analysees par radiocristallographie. Ces resultats sont mis a profit pour preparer des precurseurs de composition definie et etudier leur decomposition. Les produits obtenus ont ete identifies par diffraction de rayons x. Ainsi, ont ete prepares des oxydes mixtes (al#1#-#xcr#x)#2o#3 et le titanate al#2tio#5 dans des conditions moins severes que celles proposees anterieurement
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Sundell, Richard. "NTA i teknikundervisning : En studie om tekniklärares tankar om teknikämnet och NTA." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-67555.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the technology teacher attitude toward the subject of technology and link this to the use of NTA (Science and technology for all) in the primary school (graders 4-6) technical education. As Teknikforetagen (2006) stress in their report, the subject seems to be an undisclosed topic that often is combined with the science subjects. There, the science-orientating subjects get a higher priority than the technology. According to several reports, NTA has had a positive result in the teaching it is aimed at. The method of study is a qualitative survey consisting of interviews with middle school technical teachers. The interviews consisted of both technical teachers who use NTA in education and technology teachers without NTA. The result shows that NTA contributes to more practical work in technology, that teachers save time collecting materials, but also that collegial learning in technology increases. Overall, none of the interviewed teachers uses a textbook as support in the teaching. It differs from many other subjects in elementary school. The interviewed teachers generally have a positive attitude towards the subject of technology.Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka tekniklärares inställning till ämnet teknik och koppla detta till användandet av NTA (Naturvetenskap och teknik för alla) i den teknikundervisning som bedrivs på mellanstadiet. Granskar man det Teknikföretagen (2006) påpekar i sin rapport verkar teknikämnet vara ett undanskymt ämne som ofta står under NO-blocket. Där får de naturorienterande ämnena en högre prioritet än tekniken. NTA har enligt flera rapporter haft ett positivt resultat i undervisningen den är syftad till. Metoden för studien är en kvalitativ undersökning som består av intervjuer med nio stycken tekniklärare på mellanstadiet. Intervjuerna har genomförts med tekniklärare som använder NTA i undervisningen samt tekniklärare som inte använder NTA. Resultatet visar att NTA bidrar till mer praktiskt arbete i teknik, att lärarna sparar tid i att samla material men också att det kollegiala lärandet i teknik ökar. Överlag i teknikämnet använder ingen av de intervjuade lärarna en lärobok som stöd i undervisningen. Det skiljer sig mot många andra ämnen i grundskolan. De intervjuade lärarna har överlag en positiv inställning till ämnet teknik.
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Forsgren, Åsa. "NTA - Teknikens naturliga plats." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10075.
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Syftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka hur NTA:s möjligheter tillämpas för att
lyfta teknikämnet i undervisningen. ”Naturvetenskap och Teknik för Alla” är som
namnet anger ett koncept och ett pedagogiskt verktyg som arbetar för att eleverna
ska utveckla kunskaper kring de naturorienterande ämnena. För att skapa en så
holistisk och klar bild som möjligt av detta har en kvalitativ metodkombination
med textanalys, intervju och observation tillämpats, genom en hermeneutisk spiral
av pragmatiska tolkningar och reflektioner. Detta ställs mot bakgrund av tidigare
forskning kring NTA och en begreppsanalys av tekniken och dess didaktik.
Analysen har byggt på en genomgång av ett antal teman som ingår i NTA, detta
kompletterades med intervjuer och observationer av dess praktiska tillämpning.
Utifrån detta har slutsatsen dragits att teknikämnets utrymme beror mycket på
pedagogens inriktning, men oavsett om det betonas har det en förmåga att hitta
fram i och med NTA:s konstruktiva mediering. Teknikens karaktär skapar
öppningar åt olika håll och tar sig även fram genom många olika vägar.
Det lyfts genom NTA:s förmåga att behålla ett öppet förhållningssätt.
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Tibola, Talita. "Redonda me(nte) amarela." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15846.
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Entre le style de Gilles Deleuze et le plaisir du texte de Roland Barthes: le texte. Une écoute de mots et de choses. L'écriture surtout et tout ce qu'elle dérange: la pensée, le corps, une couleur sans lieu. Déplacer les mots, découper les énoncés: un procédé. Le double, le monstre, le Corps sans Organe, la mort, la dissipation, le sens, l'événement. Une obsession, subtil peut-être: le jaune, le jaune-événement. Répétition: le jauneinsistance, persistance. Parole, son, chose, effet. De poésie? Le texte: il parle du jaune. Mais il parle plutôt de ce que disparaît et devient transparent. Du corps immobile, de sa pénible chute et de sa disparition. Qu'est-ce qu'il y a après l'oubli? Peutêtre le jaune. Un corps bouleversé? D'un corps défait ce que reste c'est l'intensité. Le jaune intense. De l'écriture ce que reste c'est la marque.Entre o estilo de Gilles Deleuze e o prazer do texto de Roland Barthes: o texto. Uma escuta das palavras e das coisas, a escritura em primeiro plano e tudo o que ela desestabiliza: o pensamento, o corpo, uma cor sem-lugar. Tirar as palavras de seu lugar, trabalhar com recortes de frases: um procedimento. O duplo, o monstro, o Corpo sem Órgãos, a morte, o esvaecimento, o sentido, o acontecimento. Uma obsessão, sutil talvez: o amarelo, o amarelo-acontecimento. Repetição: o amarelo insistência, persistência. Palavra, som, coisa, efeito. De poesia? O texto: fala do amarelo. Mas, antes, do que desaparece e se torna transparente. Do corpo imóvel, de sua dura queda e de seu esvair-se. O que há depois do esquecimento? Talvez o amarelo. Um corpo desarrumado? De um corpo desfeito, o que resta é o intenso. Amarelo intenso. Amar-elo. Do amar, o elo. Da escrita, a marca. Redonda-me(nte)-amarela.
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Řihák, Jakub. "Automatizace digitalizačního workflow NTK." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197845.
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This diploma thesis is focused on the automatization of digitization workflow in the National Library of Technology, Prague, Czech Republic. This thesis examines possibilities of digitization processes automatization by means of scripts written in Perl programming language and Apache Ant build tool. The advantages and disadvantages of both solutions are analyzed as well as their suitability for automatization of digitization workflow. Based on the comparison of both solutions, the scripts in Perl programming language are selected as the most suitable solution for automatization of digitization workflow. The question whether Ant build tool could be used for the purpose of automatization of digitization workflow is also answered in this thesis. The Ant build tool could be used for the above-mentioned purpose. However, once the activities in the given process divert from the general scope of tasks provided by the Ant build tool, the complexity of the whole solution increases rapidly. This complexity is given by the necessity to use predefined tasks -- sets of functions which have to be combined to create a functional automatization script. Even though Ant is an extendable tool, it is necessary to understand the Java programming language in order to create a new Ant task successfully. On the other hand, the Perl programming language allows easier customization of the script for the purposes of automatization of digitization workflow. Also, the modularity of the Perl programming language makes it easier to create those scripts and modify, correct or develop them even further.
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Olsson, Maria. "NTA i förskola : En studie i hur förskollärare upplever att arbeta med NTA." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-9550.
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Abstract This study deals with NTA in preschool and the purpose of the study is to find out how the NTA project works out in practice. In the empirical study I have used questionnaires as a research method (Trost2001). Questionnaires have been sent to preschool teachers in the whole of Sweden to get as good a selection as possible. The responses received have been processed and analyzed. The results are reported below. The majority of the teachers thought it worked well to work with the NTA. Most were satisfied with NTAs education and thought that the education helped them to feel more secure in answering children's questions about science and technology. However a small proportion of the respondents did not think so. One half of the educators thought that it were easy to work with the material they had received from NTA. The other half thought it was a difficult task. All teachers felt, however, that the booklets that the NTA designed was very good and they felt that the kids thought it was great fun with the experiments. Many of the teachers changed their working methods after the introduction of the NTA and they also think it works well to work with the scientific investigative approach. Investigation in technology and physics are made more commonly after the introduction of the NTA, than before. Biology was previously the most common subject. The study shows that teachers believe that NTA is a good tool to use to achieve the objectives of Lpfö 98 reefs 2010th. Educators believe that the NTA helps teachers to gain a greater interest in science and technology and that educators now after the introduction of the NTA is working more with science. Educators also see that the children have a greater interest in science and technology and that the children also have more questions to the educators. They also see that the kids are talking about science and technology with each other. Key words Pedagogies, preschool, science, technology,
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Broberg, Josefine, and Adam Nilsson. "Varför NTA? : En studie kring elevers och lärares syn på NTA som arbetssätt." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-17841.
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Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka om NTA, ett undervisningsmaterial som går ut på att tillhandahålla planeringar och material för praktisk NO-undervisning, skapar ett undersökande arbetssätt utifrån naturvetenskapens karaktär. Tidigare forskning är positiv till NTA-materialet men visar att ett undersökande arbetssätt inte blir en självklarhet. Genom en kvalitativ enkätundersökning i fyra skolklasser och intervjuer med två lärare, som undersöker elever och lärares syn på NTA-materialet, kommer vi fram till att ett undersökande arbetssätt är möjligt men att undervisande lärare aktivt måste se till att det sker.
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Hellström, Angelica. "NTA – En pusselbit till en utvecklad NO-undervisning? : Lärares perspektiv på undervisning i NTA." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för matematik och ämnesdidaktik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34051.
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Jag har valt att med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod undersöka hur lärare arbetar eller har arbetat med Natur och Teknik för Alla (NTA), som är ett verktyg till för att stödja lärares kompetensutveckling och undervisning i naturvetenskap och teknik (Anderhag & Wickman 2006). NTA inkluderar fortbildning, ett nätverk av pedagoger, samt tillgång till temalådor att ta med in i klassrummet som bygger på ett undersökande och praktiskt arbetssätt. Syftet med undersökningen är att få ta del av hur lärare väljer att arbeta med NTA i NO-undervisningen. Vidare undersöks om lärarna upplever att NTA underlättar genomförandet av praktiska inslag i undervisningen, om NTA synliggör kopplingen mellan teori och praktik, samt om de anser att NTA höjer kvaliteten på deras planering och undervisning. Undersökningen baseras på sex genomförda intervjuer med lärare som undervisar i årskurserna 1-6.I Bakgrund tydliggörs vad NTA är för något; var det har sitt ursprung, vad NTA-konceptet innebär, hur man undervisar på klassrumsnivå samt hur relationen mellan NTA och de aktuella styrdokumenten ser ut. Förutom detta finns ett avsnitt som förklarar experiment och praktiskt arbete i NO-undervisningen.I Tidigare forskning presenteras tidigare analyser av NTA, Skolinspektionens kvalitetsgranskning av NO-undervisningen och Skolverkets kunskapsöversikt över NO-undervisningen. I detta kapitel redogörs likaså för det teoretiska perspektivet, konstruktivism, som ligger till grund för denna undersökning. Konstruktivism innebär att det finns en bestämd syn på individers lärande och på den organiserade kunskap som överförs från en generation till en annan (Sjøberg, 2010)Mina huvudsakliga resultat från de genomförda intervjuerna är att samtliga lärare tycker att NTA-undervisningen stödjer deras utförande av praktiska moment. De tycker även att NTA förenklar arbetet med att sträva mot det som står i kursplanerna, men fem av sex lärare anser att NTA inte är heltäckande i det avseende att det täcker vad som står i styrdokumenten. Detta medför att man måste vara noggrann i sin planering och undervisning. De sex lärarna berättar likaså att de inte väljer att fullfölja den lärarhandledning som finns att tillgå fullt ut i sin undervisning.
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Vosáhlo, Martin. "Hranice současného fotografického dokume ntu." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Filmová a televizní fakulta. Knihovna, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-156142.
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Thesis bearing the name ?Boarders of Contemporary Documentary Photography? is focused on specific development, which underwent foreign documentary photography for about last two decades. The work is divided into three separate chapters, each of them deals with a different topic. The first chapter deals with the process of integration of documentary photography in an artistic context. The following chapter provides detailed reports on a new trend in documentary photography, which is called conceptual documentary photography. The third part is devoted to the remarkable personality of contemporary documentary photography - Allan Sekula. His photographic and closely related theoretical work is so specific that it is allocated a separate area.
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Johdet, Jessica, and Lizette Sejbjerg. "NTA inom teknikämnet : Lärares uppfattningar kring användningen av skolutvecklingsprogrammet NTA inom teknik för grundskolans lägre åldrar." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84440.
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Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapen om hur lärare inom årskurs 1 - 3 uppfattar arbetet med skolutvecklingsprogrammet Naturvetenskap och teknik för alla (NTA) inom teknikämnet. Studiens frågeställningar har besvarats genom kvalitativa intervjuer, både enskilda och fokusgrupper, med lärare inom grundskolans lägre åldrar som använder sig av NTA i teknikundervisningen. Resultatet visar att teknikämnets status fortfarande är lågt och att teknik är ett ämne som ofta hamnar i skuggan av andra ämnen. Lärarna menar att NTA bidrar till en högre kvalité på undervisningen då programmet erbjuder en helhetslösning i form av bland annat material, lärarhandledningar och fortbildning. Samtidigt kan lärarna själva välja att anpassa upplägget utifrån sin egen klass och bekvämlighet. Resultatet visar att lärarna väljer att arbeta med NTA på flera olika sätt samt att tekniktemat Testa teknik ofta används på fel sätt. I det stora hela är det tydligt att lärarna är nöjda med skolutvecklingsprogrammet samtidigt som de menar på att det finns viss utvecklingspotential. Avslutningsvis diskuteras resultatet där även teknikundervisningens likvärdighet ifrågasätts kopplat till NTA.The purpose of this study has been to increase the knowledge of how some teachers in primary school perceive the work with the kit-based programme Naturvetenskap och Teknik för Alla (NTA) in the subject of technology. The main questions of this study have been answered through qualitative interviews, both individual interviews and focus groups, with primary teachers that have been using NTA in their technology education. The results confirm that the technology subject has a low status and is often hidden in the shadows of other subjects. The teachers believe that NTA contributes to a higher teaching quality as the kit-based programme includes a complete material, teacher’s guidance and further training to increase their competence, etc. At the same time, the teachers have a choice how to adapt the ”kit” based on their own convenience and the individuals in their classrooms. The results show that teachers are working with NTA in several different ways and that one of the boxes that includes technology is often used incorrectly. As a conclusion it is clear that the teachers are satisfied with the program, but at the same time there is room for improvement. At the end of this essay the results are discussed, including the equivalence of technology subject that is affected when using the NTA-program.
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McBrien, Brandon James. "NTD Architecture: Strategies of Architecture Management." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244435.
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Award-winning jazz musician, Dave Grusin said, "Outside-the-box thinking works best if you know what's inside the box first." When applied to the defining characteristics of leadership and management, this philosophy reveals how business, ideas, and profits are propelled forward through a clear understanding of the qualities of strategic management. This thesis sets out to analyze business situations of an architectural firm in order to obtain a unique point of view of a firm's operational actives, structure, and policies. In order for this research to be of most value to the participating architectural firm, this thesis will result in a detailed report that includes an evaluation of its industry structure, an assessment of the firm's resources and capabilities, as well as a set of detailed recommendations designed to help the firm improve its competitive position.
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Bartoněk, Jaroslav. "Návrh zatahovacího podvozku pro letoun NG4." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229467.
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This diploma thesis describes the design of retractable landing gear for the NG-4 ultralight aircraft. Its main part consists of general principle of gear retraction, kinematics analysis, load calculation and structural analysis, material selection and means of controlling by pilot. The thesis contents marginally the typology of aircraft landing gears and their evolution.
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Mehmeti, Vlora. "NTA-naturvetenskap och teknik för alla." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32527.
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Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka om NTA (Naturvetenskap och Teknik för Alla) är ett bra skolutvecklingsprogram som är värt att använda i våra skolor. Frågeställningar som jag har utgått ifrån är: Vilka fördelar respektive nackdelar finns det med att använda NTA-undervisning? Vilken utveckling i lärande sker hos lärare och elever vid användningen av NTA? Vilka attityder och intressen visar eleverna när de använder NTA-materialet? Metoden som jag har använt mig av är intervjuer och observationer samt genom att söka på olika databaser. Med hjälp av olika studieresultat har forskare (Mellander & Svärdh, 2015) kommit fram till att elever som undervisats med NTA har betydligt bättre resultat än elever som undervisats utan NTA. Vidare anser de att genom användning av NTA fanns även negativa faktorer som t.ex. för höga kostnader och det krävs utrymme i klassrumet för att förvara materialet. Utifrån intervjuer och observationer har jag kommit fram till att NTA-materialet hjälper lärare allmänt med NO-lektioner. Dessutom gör NTA möjligt för eleverna att göra systematiska undersökningar och de blir mer motiverade, samt den väcker intresse hos dem. Både lärare och elever utvecklas genom att använda NTA.
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Bracco, José Eduardo. "Genealogia, distribuição e história de haplótipos do gene mitocondrial NADH 4 em populações do Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-27052008-114445/.
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Informações sobre variabilidade intrapopulacional de vetores biológicos são críticas para o entendimento da transmissão de agentes infecciosos veiculados por esses organismos. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho caracterizou a variabilidade de fragmento que codifica a subunidade 4 do gene mitocondrial da Nicotinamina Adenina Dinucleotideo Desidrogenase - NADH4 em populações de Aedes aegypti do Brasil e de outros países. Polimorfismos de nucleotídeos únicos foram detectados através da técnica de seqüenciamento genômico. As análises realizadas compreenderam a de variância molecular (AMOVA), clados agrupados (NCA), distribuição de diferenças pareadas. Paralelamente foram examinadas relações evolutivas entre os haplótipos com o emprego dos critérios de parcimônia máxima e verossimilhança máxima. Os resultados mostram que há polimorfismo do fragmento nas populações analisadas, levando à proposição de dois clados geneticamente independentes (monofiléticos). Inferências de caráter histórico suportam a hipótese de que um dos clados inclui seqüências de indivíduos de populações que chegaram às Américas durante os séculos XVII e XVIII pelo tráfico negreiro, e outro, formado por populações introduzidas mais recentemente, se originou de populações asiáticas. Possíveis implicações epidemiológicas da variabilidade genética apresentada pelas populações do Ae. aegypti são também discutidas.Knowledge about intrapopulacional variation of biological vectors is critical for understanding the dynamics of the transmission of an infectious agent. The major objective of the present study is to characterize the variability of a gene fragment, which codes for the subunit 4 of the mitochondrial gene of the Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Dehydrogenase - NADH4 among Aedes aegypti populations from Brazil comparing with that of several other countries. Single nucleotide polymorphism was detected employing genomic sequencing techniques. Nucleotide sequences were analyzed using molecular variance (AMOVA), nested clade (NCA) and mismatch distribution methods. Additionally, evolutionary relationships among haplotypes were estimated employing maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood criterions. The results show that the fragment of the mitochondrial gene (NADH4) is polymorphic, and that the populations of Ae. aegypti from Brazil are grouped into two genetically distinct, monophyletic clades Historical inferences support the hypothesis that one clade includes sequences from individuals that may be introduced in the Americas in the 17th and 18th centuries during the slave trade from Africa to America. The second clade consists of sequences of individuals that may be introduced in Brazil more recent, probably from Asian populations. Epidemiological consequences because of the genetic variability among populations of Ae. aegypti in Brazil are discussed.
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Bašta, Tomáš. "Zvýšení výkonu turbosoustrojí v EDU výměnou NTO." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318732.
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The Diploma thesis on the topic of Increased performance turbomachinery in EDU the NPR changing describes in detail some important devices of technology system of the secondary circuit of Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant together with their task in the thermal circulation. There is a computational model of secondary circuit according to the present thermal schema created in the main part of the thesis. At the end of the thesis, the possibilities of the increase of the terminal power of turbomachinery, specifically of the turbogenerator, by the exhange of low-pressure heaters (NPR) are stated. Obtained results are documented by drawings of the thermal schemes.
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Weber, Sophia. "Vad i NTA leder till kunskapsutveckling? : Pedagogers åsikter om NTA-konceptet som kompetensutveckling för lärare och kunskapsutveckling för elever." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-28355.
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Fleming, Fiona. "Evaluating integrated Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) control strategies : cost, effectiveness and sustainability of the NTD control programme in Uganda." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/26118.
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The predicted costs and savings of integrated preventive chemotherapy (IPCT) for the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) have been proposed by a number of prior studies. The principle aims of the research presented in this thesis were to determine the cost, effectiveness and sustainability of the Ugandan integrated NTD Control Programme (NTDCP). Annual programme costs were prospectively and retrospectively collected at all levels of programme implementation in twelve districts over three years. Overall cost per person treated for IPCT were, financial (excluding purchased drugs) US$0.17; economic (excluding purchased and donated) US$0.65 and full economic cost per person (including value of all drugs) US$12.06. When costs of the NTDCP were compared to the combined costs of the pre-integration stand-alone (SA) control programmes in Uganda, cost savings of 54% to 72% were achieved. The IPCT was also effective with over 43 million treatments delivered and 2,444,714 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted; and highly cost-effective at an estimated economic cost of US$16.50 per NTD case averted and US$10.19 per DALY averted. Using a novel approach to measure community drug distributors (CDDs) involvement in IPCT; pictorial diaries collected prospective data on their time allocation. On average 2.5 working weeks were spent on NTDCP activities per year by a CDD. This meant a significant reduction in time available for subsistence and income generating engagements. With each incremental drug delivery required over a mass IPCT campaign i.e. the number of times a CDD delivered a NTD drug package to communities, economic costs increased. Moreover, as CDDs took more time to complete NTDCP activities their programme coverage performance decreased. Motivation for the programme was acknowledged as low and CDDs felt undervalued. Finally the applications and implications of the thesis results are discussed with regards to programme effectiveness and sustainability and in the context of NTD control and elimination.
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Junior, Jose Mario Ferreira. "Síntese e caracterização elétrica de materiais com comportamento termistor à base de óxidos de manganês, de níquel e de cobalto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-29032012-101954/.
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Materiais cerâmicos à base de óxidos de manganês, de níquel e de cobalto foram preparados por meio de mistura de óxidos seguida de homogeneização e sinterização controlada em 1250 °C. Os óxidos foram caracterizados por meio das técnicas de difração de raios X, fluorescência de raios X, termogravimetria e determinação de distribuição de tamanho de partículas por espalhamento laser. A caracterização dos corpos sinterizados foi feita por meio de análise por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, difração de raios X e fluorescência de raios X. O comportamento termistor foi estudado por meio de medidas de resistividade elétrica pela técnica dc de duas pontas de prova entre temperatura ambiente e 220 °C. Os principais resultados mostram ser possível a preparação de termistores em ampla faixa de resposta elétrica por meio da variação da composição relativa dos óxidos de manganês, de níquel e de cobalto.Ceramic tliermistors based on manganese, nickel and cobalt oxides were prepared by mixing these oxides followed by pressing and sintering at 1250 °C range. The oxides were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis, and by the determination of particle size distribution by laser scattering. After sintering. X-ray diffraction. X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy analyses were carried out. The thermistor behavior was studied by two-probe dc electrical resistivity measurements in the room temperature-220 °C range. The main results show the possibility of designing thermistors with the required electrical response by suitable choice of the relative concentrations of the precursor oxides.
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Gondwe, Esther Ntomifuthi. "Antibody to nontyphoidal salmonella (NTS) in Afican children : A study of acquistion of antibody to NTS with age and its role in immunity and the diagnosis of NTS infection in African children." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526862.
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Introduction and Objectives: Nontyphoidal Salmonellae (NTS) are a major cause of bacteraemia in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most cases of NTS bacteraemia in this region occur in children under five years of age and HIV-infected adults. The objectives of this work were to investigate the role of antibody in immunity against NTS in Africans and to explore the potential of measuring anti-Salmonella antibody as the basis of a diagnostic assay. Materials and Methods: We obtained blood from healthy Malawians of all ages and NTS bacteraemic children. Invasive strains of NTS were from bacteraemic Malawian children. We measured anti-Salmonella antibody levels by flow cytometry and we assessed the ability of serum to kill Salmonella in a serum bactericidal assay. Phagocytic cell function of peripheral blood cells in relation to NTS was examined by flow cytometric oxidative burst and phagocytosis assays and a blood cell killing assay. Serum cytokine levels were measured using a cytokine bead array assay. Results: We developed and optimised a flow cytometric assay that measured antiSalmonella antibody titres over 4 log-decades of fluorescence. Using this assay in a crosssectional study of healthy Malawians, we found that anti-Salmonella antibody titres increased with age with no reduction in old age. Oxidative burst by peripheral blood cells in African children under two years in response to stimulation with NTS was impaired compared with older children and the oxidative burst activity correlated with anti-Salmonella IgG titres. Preopsonising NTS with immune serum overcame this deficit in oxidative burst activity. We found that anti-Salmonella antibody and complement were required for phagocytosis, oxidative burst and blood cell killing of NTS. High levels of IL-6, TNF-a, IFN-y and IL-10 cytokines were secreted by peripheral blood cells following stimulation with NTS, but antibody was not required for this. In children with NTS bacteraemia, titres of antiSalmonella antibodies were increased compared with healthy age-matched individuals. These antibodies were not bactericidal or protective against further episodes of NTS bacteraemia some children. Using our antibody assay as the basis of a potential diagnostic tool for NTS bacteraemia, the sensitivity was low using sera from the acute phase of infection (around 50%) and higher using convalescent sera (greater than 80%). Conclusion: Anti-Salmonella antibody together with complement are required for both cellindependent and phagocyte cell-dependent killing of NTS in peripheral blood of Africans, the latter modality of immunity involving phagocytosis and oxidative burst function. Specific antibody is not a clear requirement for cytokine production in response to NTS.Protective anti-Salmonella antibody develops naturally with age in healthy Africans and high titres of antibody are produced in response to NTS bacteraemia, but are not always protective. The low sensitivity found when using our antibody assay for diagnosis of NTS bacteraemia during acute illness requires further work to establish whether this can be used as the basis of a rapid diagnostic test for this condition. Our findings indicate that a vaccine against NTS for Africa should induce production of protective bactericidal and opsonic antibodies in young African children.
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Schneider, René Peter. "The NTA-monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. ATCC 29600 /." Zürich, 1989. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=8824.
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Persson, Magnus. "Elevers intresse för NO-teknik. - NTA eller inte?" Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15104.
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I det här examensarbetet har jag undersökt hur elever i år nio ser på teknik och naturvetenskap. Jag har även frågat dem hur den naturvetenskapliga undervisningen bör se ut för att vara så intressant som möjligt Undersökningen är utformad som en jämförande studie där den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun använts som verktyg. En enklare enkät med liknande frågor som i intervjun har använts för att ge mer tyngd i slutsatserna. En grupp har aktivt arbetat med NTA medan den andra inte har kommit i kontakt med det arbetssättet. Resultatet är att man kan se en viss skillnad, även om det är mycket liten. Det verkar som de elever som arbetat med NTA har utvecklat ett större intresse för teknik och naturvetenskap. Slutsatsen har till stor del kunnat dragits utifrån elevernas gymnasieval.
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Considine, Ellen J. "Tritium transport at the Cambric site at NTS." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433408.
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Hesse, Daniel Ryan. "The new strategic complexity : NTT dilemmas and opportunities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37702.
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Coulter, Philip. "Cryogenic phonon-scintillation detectors with NTD germanium readout." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8ee65ffd-1f0f-4318-894f-c82746acaefb.
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Cryogenic detectors are an advanced technology for both dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay searches, having the key advantage of a range of possible absorber materials that can be used for the detectors. Neutron transmutation doped germanium sensors are highly sensitive thermometers ideal for use at milli kelvin temperatures, with a simple repeatable resistance temperature relation. To discriminate between candidate events and background events simultaneous measurements can be made of the energy deposited in the detector as phonons and the energy emitted by the absorber crystal as scintillation light. Phonon detectors with a calcium tungstate or calcium molybdate crystal as the target and an NTD sensor as a thermometer were made in Oxford, along with a light detector with a light-absorbing silicon layer on a sapphire crystal, also with an NTD thermometer. A system of electronics was designed and tested in Oxford to bias and readout the NTD thermometers, while the setup inside the cryostat was developed to provide a thermally and mechanically stable shielded environment for the detectors. As part of this, prototype semi-rigid kapton cabling for use in the EDELWEISS experiment was installed and tested in the cryostat. Three different NTD germanium sensor types were characterized and calibrated in the cryostat and two of these selected for use on the phonon and light detectors. The detectors were operated at temperatures as low as 9 mK and tested with radioactive sources to produce energy spectra. Baseline resolutions of 1.7 keV and 2.5 keV, respectively, were achieved for the calcium molybdate and calcium tungstate phonon detectors. A working scintillation light detector was demonstrated as part of a phonon-scintillation detector module with a suggested application in double-beta decay searches.
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Truong, Thi Thi. "Aspects métaboliques et toxicologiques de l'acide nitrilotriacétique (NTA)." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P279.
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Kinkelin, Christophe. "Etude expérimentale d’un amortisseur thermique composite MCP-NTC." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI100/document.
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L’amortisseur thermique étudié dans le cadre de cette thèse a pour objectif de limiter les pics de température des composants électroniques fonctionnant en régime transitoire au moyen d’une structure composite consistant en un réseau de nanotubes de carbone (NTC) rempli de matériau à changement de phase (MCP) solide-liquide, le tout étant contenu dans un boîtier en silicium (Si). Ce système passif vise à augmenter l’inertie thermique volumique du composant grâce à la chaleur latente du MCP tout en maintenant une bonne conductance thermique grâce aux NTC. Un dispositif expérimental polyvalent a été développé spécifiquement pour caractériser les différentes générations d’échantillons fabriqués par les partenaires du projet THERMA3D. L’excitation thermique de l’échantillon est réalisée au moyen d’un laser en face amont et la réponse thermique est mesurée par caméra infrarouge simultanément sur les faces amont et aval. L’application d’une peinture sélectionnée sur l’échantillon permet d’accéder à sa température après un étalonnage dédié. Des méthodes d’estimation de paramètres ont été développées pour quantifier les deux caractéristiques essentielles de l’amortisseur thermique que sont sa capacité de stockage thermique et sa résistance thermique. Les sensibilités de la résistance thermique aux caractéristiques de la connexion Si/NTC et à la longueur des NTC ont été étudiées et les résistances thermiques d’interface Si/NTC ont été identifiées comme dominantes au sein du système. Des essais de cyclage thermique ont permis d’évaluer la fiabilité de l’ensemble de manière accélérée. Le comportement du MCP et la qualité du matériau de scellement ont été analysés par voie optique. Par ailleurs, la plus élevée des deux résistances thermiques d’interface Si/NTC a été localisée grâce à la visualisation infrarouge du réseau de NTC à travers le silicium semi-transparent. Enfin, une méthode de contrôle non destructif de la qualité de l’interface Si/NTC a été développée pour les amortisseurs thermiques de dernière générationThe purpose of the studied thermal damper is to smooth the temperature peaks of transient electronic components via a composite structure consisting of an array of carbon nanotubes (CNT) filled with solid-liquid phase change material (PCM), the whole being embedded in a silicon (Si) casing. This passive system is intended to increase the thermal inertia per unit of volume of the electronic component thanks to the latent heat of the PCM while maintaining a high thermal conductance thanks to the CNT. A versatile test bench was specifically developed in order to characterize the different generations of samples fabricated by the partners of the THERMA3D project. The thermal excitation of the front side of the sample is generated by a laser and the thermal response is measured simultaneously on the front and back sides by an infrared camera. A selected paint can be deposited on the sample in order to access its temperature by means of a dedicated calibration. Parameter estimation methods were developed in order to quantify both main characteristics of the thermal damper: its heat storage capacity and its thermal resistance. The sensitivities of the thermal resistance to the features of the Si/CNT connection and to the length of the CNT were studied and it was found out that the interfacial thermal resistances Si/CNT are dominant in the system. Thermal cycling tests enabled to assess the reliability of the thermal damper in an accelerated manner. The behavior of the PCM and the quality of the sealing material were optically analyzed. Besides, the infrared visualization of the CNT array through the semi-transparent silicon enabled to identify the highest of both Si/CNT interfacial thermal resistances. Finally, a non-destructive testing method for the evaluation of the quality of Si/CNT interfaces was developed for the latest generation of thermal dampers
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Gabriel, Michel Valença. "Análise de Sensibilidade de Anemômetros a Temperatura Constante Baseados em Sensor Termo-resistivo." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2004. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/346.
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Previous issue date: 2004-01-30In this work we present a study on the sensitivity of anemometers based on thermoresistive sensors heated to a constant temperature. The configurations that makes the thermoresistive sensor heated to a constant temperature are composed of a Wheatstone bridge using a feedback operational amplifier. The substitution measurement method is used, where an electrical quantity, the operational amplifier output voltage, varies in accordance to the variation of the quantity of interest, in such a way that the electrical quantity compensates the effect of the former in the sensor. In our case, the quantity to be measured is the speed of the wind and the quantity of substitution is operational amplifier output voltage. Studies were carried out considering two types of sensors, the metallic PTC and the thermistor NTC. An analysis of the measurement circuits was carried out for each sensor type, taking into account the constants and variables that influence the measurement process. For these circuits, simulation results are presented which make possible to evaluate the measurement system behavior. An analysis of the sensitivity of the measurement circuits output voltage with respect to the wind speed is also carried out. This analysis made possible the development of a procedure for determining the operation point for the NTC-based circuit that yields the maximum sensitivity. From the analysis of the measurement configurations sensitivity, it was observed that the NTC-based configuration presents higher sensitivity compared to the PTC-based configuration, for relatively low operating temperatures, above the ambient temperature. The equivalent sensitivity for the PTC-based configuration occurs only for temperatures much higher than that for achieving the maximum sensitivity for the NTC. This characteristic can be used for implementing anemometers that operates at a temperature much closer to the ambient temperature.
Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo sobre a sensibilidade de anemômetros baseados em sensores termo-resistivos aquecidos a temperatura constante. A configuração que faz com que o sensor termo-resistivo seja aquecido a uma temperatura constante é composta de uma ponte de Wheatstone realimentada usando um amplificador operacional [1]. O método de medição utilizado é o de substituição, em que uma grandeza elétrica, a tensão de saída do amplificador operacional, varia de acordo com a variação da grandeza de interesse, de forma a compensar seu efeito no sensor. Neste caso, a grandeza a ser medida é a velocidade do vento e a grandeza de substituição é a tensão de saída do amplificador operacional. Foram feitos estudos considerandos dois tipos de sensores, o PTC metálico e o termistor NTC. Faz-se uma análise dos circuitos de medição para cada tipo de sensor, levando em conta as constantes e as variáveis que interferem no processo de medição. Para tais circuitos são apresentados resultados de simulações em computador que nos possibilitaram avaliar o comportamento do sistema de medição. Para os circuitos de medição, faz-se uma análise da sensibilidade da tensão de saída do amplificador operacional com relação à velocidade do vento. Essa análise possibilitou desenvolvimento de um método para cálculo do ponto de maior sensibilidade e ponto de operação do circuito baseado no NTC. Observou-se que a configuração com NTC apresenta uma maior sensibilidade do que a configuração com PTC para temperaturas de operação do sensor relativamente baixas, mas acima da temperatura ambiente. A sensibilidade equivalente da configuração com o PTC ocorre para temperaturas bem acima do ponto de máxima sensibilidade do NTC. Essa característica pode ser aproveitada para implementações de anemômetros aquecidos que operam com temperaturas mais próximas da temperatura ambiente.
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Halldén, Jessicka. "NTA-lådans lärarhandledning som ECM och stöd i lärares utveckling och lärande : En fallstudie om NTA-lådans lärarhandledning kan fungera som ECM." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44997.
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I den här studien analyseras två lärarhandledningar till NTA-lådor inom teknik/fysik. NTA-lådorna har en blivit en stor del av skolans NO-undervisning utan att en kritisk granskning genomförts systematiskt. Lärarhandledningen granskas därför ur ett perspektiv för att se om det kan fungera som educational curriculum materials (ECM). Granskningen tar som utgångspunkt huruvida lärarhandledningen hjälper läraren att förutse och tolka elevers gensvar, utveckla lärarens ämneskunskaper, målreflektera i förhållande till lektionsinnehållet och synliggöra utvecklande pedagogiska idéer. Resultatet visar att till stora delar uppfylls inte kriterierna för ECM. Det betyder inte att NTA-lådan inte fungerar som läromedel utan mer att det finns en stor utvecklingspotential. För att få en mer övergripande bild skulle en mer omfattande analys, där övriga områden inom NTA analyseras, vara av intresse.
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Urso, Laura. "Modelling and experiments on NTM stabilisation at ASDEX Upgrade." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-106262.
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Yuan, Shasha, and Lu Miao. "NTT DoCoMo's Success in Creating Mobile Contactless Payments Ecosystem." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18969.
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Bilen, Oytun Peksel. "Advanced Model of Acoustic Trim; Effect on NTF Accuracy." Thesis, KTH, MWL Marcus Wallenberg Laboratoriet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-77768.
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Koch, Karsten. "Intonation and Focus in Nte?kepmxcin (Thompson River Salish)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2848.
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In this dissertation, I examine the marking of focus and givenness in Nte?kepmxcin
(Thompson River Salish). The focus is, roughly, the answer to a wh-question, and is
highlighted by the primary sentential accent in stress languages like English. This has been
formalized as the Stress-Focus Correspondence Principle. Given material is old information,
and is de-accented in languages like English. Nte?kepmxcin is a stress language, but marks
focus structurally. However, I argue that the structure has a prosodie motivation: the clause is
restructured such that the focus is leftmost in the intonational phrase. It follows that Salish
focus structures lack the special semantics that motivates the use of English structural focus
(clefts).
As a theoretical contribution, I show that the Stress-Focus Correspondence Principle
does not account for focus marking in all stress languages, nor does the "distress-given"
generalization account for the marking of given information. This is because focus surfaces
leftmost, while the nuclear stress position is rightmost. Instead of "stress-focus", I propose
that alignment with prosodie phrase edges is the universally common thread in focus
marking. This mechanism enables listeners to rapidly recover the location of the focus, by
identifying coarse-grained phonological categories (p-phrases and i-phrases). In Thompson
River Salish, the focus is associated with the leftmost p-phrase in the matrix intonational
phrase. The analysis unifies the marking of focus across languages by claiming that focus is
always marked prosodically, by alignment to a prosodie category.
The study combines syntactic analysis of focus utterances with their phonetic
realization and semantic characteristics. As such, this dissertation is a story about the
interfaces.
This research is based on a corpus of conversational data as well as single sentence
elicitations, all of which are original data collected during fieldwork. The second contribution
of this dissertation is thus methodological: I have developed various fieldwork techniques for
collecting both spontaneous and scripted conversational discourses. The empirical
contribution that results is a collection of conversational discourses, to add to the single speaker
traditional texts already recorded for Nte?kepmxcin.
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Mayer, Franz. "Adding NTP and RTCP to a SIP User Agent." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-92200.
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With its enormous potential Voice over Internet Protocol is one of the latest buzzwords in information technology. Despite the numerous advantages of Voice over IP, it is a major technical challenge to achieve a similar call quality as experienced in the ordinary Public Switched Telephone Network. This thesis introduces standardized Internet protocols for Voice over IP, such as Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), in its background chapter. In order to provide better Quality of Service (QoS) Voice over IP applications should support a feedback mechanism, such as the Real-time Control Protocol (RTCP), and use accurate timing information, provided by the Network Time Protocol (NTP). Additionally this thesis considers synchronization issues in calls with two and more peers. After a rather academic overview of Voice over IP, the open source real-time application “minisip”, a SIP user agent, and its operation and structure for handling audio streams will be introduced. Minisip was extended by an implementation of NTP and RTCP to provide a test platform for this thesis. A clear conclusion is that the addition of global time helps facilitate synchronization of multiple streams from clients located any where in the network and in addition the ability to make one-way delay measurements helps SIP user agents to provide better quality audio to their users.Röst över IP, eller Internettelefoni baserad på “Voice over Internet Protocol” (VoIP), har med sin stora potential blivit ett av de senaste modeorden inom informationsteknologin. Vid sedan av ett antal fördelar med VoIP så innebär det en stor teknisk utmaning att uppnå en likadan samtalskvalitet som i det vanliga, fasta, telenätet. I den här uppsatsen beskrivs hur tjänstevalitet för VoIP kan förbättras genom att noggrant tidssynkronisera de (två eller flera) klienter som deltar i ett telefonsamtal. För detta krävs dels en återkopplingsmekanism, såsom “Real-time Control Protocol” (RTCP), samt en gemensam tidsuppfattning i de inblandade klienterna, vilket kan uppnås med hjälp av “Network Time Protocol” (NTP). Dessa protokoll, liksom de övriga Internet-standarder som VoIP baseras på (såsom “Session Initiation Protocol” (SIP) och “Real-time Transport Protocol” (RTP), beskrivs inledningsvis i uppsatsen. För studien har en SIP-klient baserad på öppen källkod använts (“Minisip”), och utökats med NTP och RCTP funktionalitet för att testa den föreslagna förbättringen av VoIP. En tydlig slutsats är att kännedom om en “global tid” möjliggör synkronisering av multipla ljudströmmar från klienter som befinner sig på olika nätverk. Möjligheten att mäta paketfördröjningen (envägs) bidrar också till en förbättrad ljudkvalitet.
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Lee, Chu Keong. "Music libraries in 13 weeks: The experience at NTU." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106085.
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The Division of Information Studies offered a module on music libraries for the first time in 2005. This paper explains the rationale for offering the module, and describes the experience in offering the module. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part describes the topics covered in the module. The second part discusses the challenges faced and how they were overcome. Lastly, some anecdotal feedback and suggestions from the students will be presented.
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Takagi, Katsuyuki 1964. "Globalization at NTT DoCoMo : implementing global business management strategies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17889.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-135).
Global business management has become one of the most important issues facing companies today, and global economic dynamics provide companies with both tremendous opportunities and formidable challenges. Countries are increasingly tied to each other through deregulation and liberalization for economic exchanges. Global competition is a necessity rather than a matter of direction for many companies. Global business management is more complex than doing business in a single country because of differences in source and nature between the home country and a target country. There are more managerial items that require modification with the passage of time. To be a successful multinational corporation, companies must recognize the whole picture of global business management and pursue best practices continuously. NTT DoCoMo, the largest Japanese mobile network operator, has achieved great success in the domestic market by leveraging its technological superiority since it was established in 1992. As the signs of market saturation began to emerge in Japan, NTT DoCoMo advanced its plans for globalization aggressively. For NTT DoCoMo, which does not own real products and production facilities, this represents a new challenge a Japanese company, namely, that NTT DoCoMo needs to enhance its global management system more than other Japanese manufacturing MNCs. This thesis introduces the key elements and appropriate procedures for decision making in global business from top management's point of view. These elements and procedures are represented in the "2C + 5P Model," which is composed of two fundamental elements and five managerial essentials. I briefly review the history of globalization by Japanese MNCs, and identify the composition
(cont.) of their success factors based on interviews with managers from successful Japanese MNCs. Using the 2C + 5P Model, I analyzed global business management at NTT DoCoMo. And finally I conclude by identifying the keys to success for Japanese MNCs in general, with specific recommendations for globalization at NTT DoCoMo.
by Katsuyuki Takagi.
M.B.A.
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Borges, Maria Lucília. "Design desejante: a dobra como espaço e(ntr)e." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5146.
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When sound came to be part of the design universe, it became necessary to investigate in what measure design has changed its nature and has escaped from its (visual) common place , so as to deterritorialise in virtual spaces such as the space of music. We start from the principle that music and design not only can be of same nature as they can occupy the same territory, since what defines them is potency, what renders them possible and passive of actualise as sound, image, image-movement, image-thought.... We do not exactly study the finished piece in the music of this or other composer, or even a particular design product, but that which precedes its actualisation: machinic potency. In order to do so, it was necessary to sketch out a cartography of the concept of design so as to demonstrate that design is potentially and conceptually inscribed in the music, since it carries in its own name the future potency (the projéctil). If design is projéctil, it bears a potency for projection. If we are here dealing with potencies, with the power to affect and being affected (as shown by Spinoza), and if all is flux and is in process (as stated by David Bohm), then this projection potency is a production potency, and if production is of the universe of machines, we can then state that everything is machines (as also stated by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari), from the object to the subject, from the living being to the non-living, from the biosphere to the mechanosphere. What defines a machine (according to Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela) is the relations it produces within or without, and not the elements that constitute it, or the function to which the machine is ascribed. These are the relationships that interest us here. The relationships that a machine (living or not) is capable of producing, the affects and the consequent sensations that it is capable of triggering, the power (potency) of affecting and being affected, production as process that exceeds all ideal categories and forms a cycle that refers to desire as immanent principle (as stated by Deleuze and Guattari). Desire, in the sense adopted here (according to Deleuze and Guattari), is not restricted to the human, as machines are not restricted to the universe of science/technology. The body is a machine, and as machines are bodies. Bodies and machines are living beings .Here, the alive is flux, the living is one that has a will for potency (as stated by Nietzsche), a power to affect and be affected, and its dynamic relationships. Living is everything that is conserved in the continuity of the flux. It is sensation. Machines for the production of consumption (industrial) are not included within this everything, but, instead, we include all desire producing machines, desiring machines, where the product is the very production of production and where production is process, desiring production. It is by sensation that machines live , a life that stretches beyond the machine s limits, crosses generations and is conserved within objects and subjects, potencies of sensation. Thus, from the concept of art as desiring machines we seek to find a elementary particle of the projectiles (music and design), unfolding the line of becoming that perpasses (and preexists as potency) the history of design or of music
Quando o som passou a fazer parte do universo do design, tornou-se necessário investigar em que medida o design mudou de natureza e escapou ao seu lugar comum , visual, para se desterritorializar em espaços virtuais como o espaço da música. Uma vez que o que os define é a potência, que os torna possíveis e passíveis de se atualizar como som, imagem, imagem-movimento, imagem-pensamento... partimos do princípio de que música e design não apenas podem ser de mesma natureza como podem ocupar os mesmos territórios. Não nos detemos exatamente na obra acabada , na música deste ou daquele compositor ou num produto de design em particular, mas no que antecede sua atualização: a potência maquínica. Para tanto, foi necessário esboçar uma cartografia do conceito design a fim de demonstrar que o design está potencial e conceitualmente inscrito na música, uma vez que carrega no próprio nome a potência de futuro (o projéctil). Se design é projéctil, é dotado de uma potência de projeção. Se estamos aqui tratando de potências, de poder de afetar e ser afetado (como mostra Espinosa), e se tudo é fluxo e está em processo (como afirma o físico David Bohm), essa potência de projeção é uma potência de produção, e se a produção é do universo das máquinas, podemos afirmar que tudo são máquinas (como também afirmam Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari), do objeto ao sujeito, dos seres viventes aos não viventes, da biosfera à mecanosfera. O que define uma máquina (segundo Humberto Maturana e Francisco Varela) são as relações que produz dentro ou fora dela, e não os elementos que a compõem ou a função à qual é destinada. São estas relações que nos interessam aqui. As relações que uma máquina (vivente ou não) é capaz de produzir, os afectos e consequentes sensações que ela é capaz de disparar, o poder (potência) de afetar e ser afetado, a produção como processo que excede todas as categorias ideais e forma um ciclo que se refere ao desejo enquanto princípio imanente (como dizem Deleuze e Guattari). O desejo, tal como abordamos (segundo Deleuze e Guattari), não se restringe ao humano, assim como as máquinas não se restringem ao universo da técnica/tecnologia. O corpo é máquina, assim como as máquinas são corpos. Corpos e máquinas são seres vivos . Aqui o vivo é fluxo, é tudo o que é dotado de uma vontade de potência (como diz Nietzsche), de um poder de afetar e ser afetado, e suas relações dinâmicas. Vivo é tudo o que se conserva na continuidade do fluxo. É sensação. Inclui-se nesse tudo não as máquinas de produção de consumo (industriais), mas as máquinas de produção de desejo, máquinas desejantes, onde o produto é a própria produção de produção e onde a produção é processo, produção desejante. É pela sensação que a máquina vive , uma vida que se prolonga para além dos limites da máquina, atravessa gerações e se conserva nos objetos e sujeitos, potenciais de sensação. Assim, a partir de um conceito de arte como máquinas desejantes buscamos encontrar a partícula elementar dos projécteis (música e design) desdobrando a linha de devir que perpassa (e preexiste enquanto potência) a história do design ou da música
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Jin, Yi. "Characterisation of the African horse sickness virus NS4 protein." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8973/.
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African horse sickness is one of the most deadly infectious diseases of horses. The disease is caused by African horse sickness virus (AHSV), an arbovirus transmitted by culicoides midges. AHSV is classified within the genus Orbivirus, family Reovirdae. The AHSV genome is composed by ten segments of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) encoding seven structural and at least four non-structural (NS) proteins. AHSV shares structural and functional similarities with Bluetongue virus, the ‘prototype’ species of the genus Orbivirus. An alternative open reading frame (ORF), overlapping the main ORF encoding the VP6, has been identified in segment 9 in both AHSV and BTV. This additional ORF encodes the non-structural protein NS4. The BTV NS4 localises in the nucleoli of the infected cells. NS4 is an interferon antagonist and a determinant of virus virulence. In this thesis, I aimed to characterise the AHSV NS4. Unlike the BTV NS4, the AHSV NS4 are relatively variable mong different virus strains. I have divided these proteins into four different subtypes: NS4I, NS4-IIα, -IIβ, and IIγ based upon their sequence similarity and on the presence of N-terminal or C-terminal truncations. In contrast to BTV, all four of these NS4 types localise in the cytoplasm of either transfected or infected cells. In addition, in transient transfection assays all the NS4 types show the ability to hamper gene expression, with NS4-IIβ being the most efficient. In order to further understand the biological significance of the AHSV NS4 we used reverse genetics to generate viruses expressing the four types of NS4 (AHSV-NS4-I, AHSV-NS4-IIα, AHSV-NS4-IIβ, AHSV-NS4-IIγ) and the corresponding NS4 deletion mutants (AHSV-ΔNS4-I etc.). Deletion of NS4 did not affect virus replication kinetics in either KC cells or interferon incompetent cells such as the BSR cell line. Similarly, both AHSV-NS4-IIβ and the corresponding ΔNS4 mutant showed similar replication kinetics in the interferon competent E. Derm cell line and in primary horse endothelial cells. In contrast, AHSV-NS4-I, AHSV-NS4-IIα, and AHSV-NS4-IIγ replicated more efficiently than the corresponding ΔNS4 viruses in these horse cells. Interestingly, the defects in replication of the NS4 viruses were removed after treatment with an inhibitor of the JAK/STAT pathway. Indeed, we observed that primary horse cells infected with the NS4 mutants released higher levels of type I interferon (IFN) than cells infected with the corresponding NS4 expressing viruses. In addition, we found the NS4 to be a determinant of virus virulence in vivo in NIH-Swiss mice infected with the viruses described above. Collectively, the data described in this thesis suggest that the NS4 is one of the proteins used by AHSV to modulate the IFN response.
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(9105224), Hannah K. Serlin. "The Dynamic Relationship Between Peripheral and Central Nodose Ganglion Projections: Neurotrophin-4 Exerts Organ-Specific Regulation of Vagal Afferents." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
Vagal afferents form the primary gut-to-brain neural axis and are thought to communicate negative feedback signals to the central nervous system to attenuate consummatory behaviors by promoting satiation and possibly satiety. The expansive and fluid nature of the gastrointestinal organs has made it methodologically challenging to decipher the negative feedback signals, and how the signals are disseminated or converged within the central feeding systems. We sought to understand the anatomical relationship and organization between the terminal fields of the peripheral axonal projections and the central axonal projections of gastrointestinal (GI) vagal afferents for clues about what and how information is communicated along the gut-brain axis. Here, we quantified the density and distribution of peripheral and central GI vagal axonal projections in neurotrophin-4 deficient (KO) and control mice. KO mice exhibited a 75 and 55% reduction in small intestinal vagal mucosal afferents, proximally distally, and no significant reduction of mucosal vagal afferents in the stomach, compared to controls. Previous characterization, similarly, reported a >70% reduction in small intestinal vagal muscle afferents and no loss of muscle afferents in the stomach. Centrally, KO mice exhibited an increase in central terminal axonal projections in the medial nucleus tractus solitarius. Our findings support previous hypotheses that neurotrophin-4 exerts an organ-specific regulation of development of gastrointestinal vagal afferents innervation. Furthermore, our findings highlight the dynamic relationship between the peripheral and central axonal projections of vagal afferents.
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Patel, Kruti Rajan. "The role of pulmonary mast cells in neurotrophin 4 mediated cholinergic neuroplasticity in neonatal asthma." Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/16724.
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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by recurrent wheezing, coughing and difficulties in breathing. Asthma affects 25.7 million people in the USA including 8 million children. Asthma is often associated with early-life exposure to environmental insults. However, mechanisms that link early-life insults to persistent airway dysfunction are unknown. Our previous studies in mice showed that early-life allergen exposure increases the levels of neurotrophin 4 (NT4) causing airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyper innervation and persistent airway hyper reactivity (AHR). I show that early-life allergen exposure selectively increases cholinergic innervation. Notably, cholinergic nerves release acetylcholine, a potent airway constrictor that signals through the M3 receptor in ASM. Building upon these findings, my thesis encompasses two components. Firstly, how is NT4 expression aberrantly up regulated following early-life allergen exposure? Secondly, what is the effect of enhanced cholinergic innervation on the neonatal ASM?
I find that NT4 is selectively expressed by ASM and mast cells in mice, nonhuman primates and humans. We show in mice that while NT4 expression in ASM remains unchanged upon allergen exposure, mast cells expand in number and degranulate to release NT4 thereby increasing NT4 levels in the lung. Adoptive transfer of wild-type mast cells, but not NT4-/- mast cells restores ASM innervation and AHR in KitW-sh/W-sh mice following early-life insults. In an infant primate model of asthma, the increased ASM innervation is also associated with the expansion and degranulation of mast cells. Therefore, pulmonary mast cells are a key source of aberrant NT4 expression following early-life insults in both mice and possibly primates.
Next, I speculated that an increased cholinergic output in the neonatal lung might lead to persistent AHR. Using recurrent methacholine exposure and M3 receptor blocker, 4-DAMP, I show that enhanced cholinergic signaling in neonatal mice leads to persistent AHR without inflammation. In contrast, methacholine exposure in adult mice has no prolonged effects on airway reactivity. Together, my findings support a model in which deregulated neural activities following early-life insults cause persistent ASM hyper contractility. Thus, early-life interventions to block mast cell degranulation and the cholinergic pathway may benefit children with recurrent wheezing.2016-12-15T00:00:00Z
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Stephan, Chadi H. "Spéciation chimique et immunotoxicologie du béryllium : effets thérapeutiques des agents complexants NTA, NTP et tiron." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6571.
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Wöstheinrich, Marcus [Verfasser]. "Emission von ternären Teilchen aus den Reaktionen 229Th(nth,f), 233U(nth,f) und 239Pu(nt-1tnh,f) / vorgelegt von Marcus Wöstheinrich." 1999. http://d-nb.info/963242830/34.
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曹丁允. "The content analysis of magazine advertisement for National Tourism Administration (NTA) and National Tourism Organization (NTO) in Taiwan." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32850874043458937668.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
觀光學系
92
It is commonly seen that NTA or NTO launch their commercial advertisements in travel magazines or related editorials. But what content should be firstly focused? With different messages each country or organization would like to convey, this study hope to provide a basis for organizations local or abroad. This study utilizes the content analysis method. With the method we decide the study -objects sampling method, analysis unit, study category，predicting reliability, encoding, and finally statistically analysis. With coding chart we list the samples, analyze with quantitative method, finally depict some special results. The study took commercials from Blanca and Travelcom magazine launched by NTA or NTO, totally 162 commercials. The study shows that most commercials appear in Blanca magazine. During March,1999 to Feb,2000,the amount reduced to half. The low tide period is Jan to March. The commercials mostly appear in first half of the magazine. Turkish trade office launches most commercials. Most commercials comes in full page. With 80% comes with address ,telephone and fax number. The sponsors are mostly airline companies. The layouts of commercials appear mostly with “picture window”; appeals with reason are more than sensational appeals. The titles are seen mostly with “appearing news, beneficial way”, the length of word content is seldom less than 50 words. The illustrations are photos mostly. Different NTA and NTO shows different information & service, the associated publishing & sponsors are also different. In commercial presentation, the layout, appeals, titles type, the length of words content, the illustrations are all each different.
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Chen, Hsin-Chou, and 陳信舟. "Studies of NTR complex and NTR-mediated spliceosome disassembly." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58162997630033983469.
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博士國立陽明大學
微生物及免疫學研究所
101
Pre-mRNA splicing is catalyzed by a large ribonucleoprotein complex, the spliceosome, which is composed of five snRNAs and numerous splicing factors. The spliceosome is a single-turnover enzyme complex which has to be dismantled to recycle the factors for the next reaction. Prp43 can form a protein complex, termed NTR complex, with Ntr1 and Ntr2 to mediate the disassembly of the spliceosome after the completion of splicing. It has also been shown to mediate the disassembly of spliceosome intermediates after being discarded due to a splicing defect. The recruitment of NTR is dependent on the interaction of Ntr2 with U5 component Brr2. In this study, I found that Ntr2 alone can bind to U5 and to the spliceosome. To understand how NTR can mediate the disassembly of spliceosome intermediates, the spliceosome was arrested at various stages in the splicing pathway, and its susceptibility to disassembly was examined. I found that NTR can catalyze the disassembly of the purified spliceosomes arrested specifically after the ATP-dependent action of DEAH-box ATPases Prp2, Prp16, or Prp22 but not at steps prior to their action or upon their binding to the spliceosome. These results linked spliceosome disassembly to the functioning of splicing ATPases. Analysis of the binding of Ntr2 to each splicing complex has revealed a differential binding affinity of Ntr2. The presence of Prp16 and Slu7 can inhibit the binding of Ntr2, suggesting a mechanism by which NTR can be recruited to the spliceosome to mediate the disassembly of spliceosome intermediates when the splicing pathway is retarded, while spliceosome disassembly is prevented when the pathway proceeds under normal conditions.
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Chia-Chun and 曾家俊. "Integration of the NTU hand master and the NTU-Hand IV." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66000176620691600859.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
90
The purpose of this thesis is to integrate the NTU hand master and the NTU-Hand IV for telemanipulation. The 10-DoF NTU hand master having 10 DOFs is driven by tendons through the remote control box. The posture of the operator’s hand can be sensed by the NTU hand master and transmitted to the NTU-Hand IV. To teleoperate the NTU-Hand IV, the bilateral control is applied to our system. Hence, the operator can control the motion of the NTU-Hand IV by wearing the NTU hand master and the perceptual information of the NTU-Hand IV is also transmitted back to the NTU hand master. Due to the difference of DOFs between the NTU-Hand IV and the NTU hand master, a mapping matrix is used to transform the joint angles. A virtual reality simulator is also developed in this thesis. The NTU hand master can simulate teleoperation in the virtual reality simulator for training or system test. Besides, the operator can see the motion of the remote robot on the screen when he is telemanipulating a telerobot.
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Lee, Jien-Chang, and 李建成. "Bilateral control of NTU-Hand II and NTU-Glove for telemanipulation." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24660902559497957963.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
機械工程學系
86
The multi-fingered hand and data glove are developed in Robotic Laboratory. This thesis aims to integrate both. In addition, the structures and functions of both will be enhanced in this thesis.
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RAMATOULIESUSO and 蘇瑪莉. "Pre-Crisis, Crisis and Post-Crisis Volatility of the NTD/USD and NTD/EUR." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66113398404682796305.
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碩士國立成功大學
國際經營管理研究所
102
In this paper, Quantile Regression and GARCH methodology are used to analyze the volatility of the Taiwan currency market and also look at the effects of macroeconomic news on these exchange rates. The purpose of doing this research is to answer key questions regarding the volatility of the Taiwan currency market during different phases. These different phases namely the pre-crisis, crisis and post crisis period data are examined. The volatility of the NTD/USD and the NTD/EUR are analyzed and the results show different volatility patterns for the NTD/USD and NTD/EUR exchange rates in the three different study periods. My results show that both the NTD/USD and NTD/EUR were indeed very volatile during the crisis period while the pre-crisis and post-crisis periods showed some degree of volatility but to a lesser degree. Empirical results show that macroeconomic news announcements were found to be very important in the volatility of the NTD/USD while as the NTD/EUR doesn’t indicate macroeconomic news sensitivity.