Academic literature on the topic 'Ntuzuma'

<p><strong>Background. </strong>Physical and psychological ailments increase with age; while the physical ailments are well documented, mental health issues have received less attention. </p><p><strong>Objective.</strong> To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated risk factors in individuals aged <strong>≥</strong>60 years living in a low-resource peri-urban area in South Africa. </p><p><strong>Methods. </strong>Secondary analysis was performed on data obtained from a primary study conducted to determine the influence of socioeconomic and environmental factors on the health status and quality of life in older persons living in the Inanda, Ntuzuma and KwaMashu (INK) area. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale (CES-D 10) was used to screen for depressive symptoms in the week preceding the interview, and respondents were categorised as having no (score <10), mild (10 - 14), or severe (>14) depressive symptoms. Risk factor associations were tested using Pearson’s χ<sup>2</sup> tests and logistic regression. </p><p><strong>Results. </strong>There were 1 008 respondents (mean (standard deviation) age 68.9 (7.4) years), of whom 503 (49.1%) did not meet criteria for depressive symptoms. Of the 505 (50.1%) respondents who met the CES-D 10 criteria for depressive symptoms, 422 (41.9%) had mild and 83 (8.2%) had severe depressive symptoms. In the univariate analysis, significant associations were found with age (<em>p=</em>0.011), household size (<em>p=</em>0.007), income (<em>p=</em>0.033), disability (<em>p=</em>0.001), nutritional status (<em>p</em>≤0.001), the inability to count on family (<em>p=</em>0.008) and lack of mastery (<em>p</em>≤0.001). In direct binary logistic regression, there were significant associations with lack of mastery (<em>p≤</em>0.001), inability to count on family (<em>p=</em>0.027), malnutrition (<em>p</em>≤0.001) and household size (<em>p=</em>0.024).</p><p><strong>Conclusion. </strong>This study highlights the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the elderly in the INK area, and the need to promote successful ageing of the elderly population in this area.</p>

IntroductionWhile Islam is a fairly dominant religion in Africa, it is verysmall and has been treated as insignificant in southern Africa. Forexample Trimingham, in his survey of the phases of Islamic expansionin Africa, makes the dismissive comment: “Islam’s penetrationinto central and south Africa is so slight that it may be ignored."The presence of Muslims in South Africa, albeit a small percentageof the total population, cannot easily be ignored in terms of theirsocial, economic, and political contribution to the country as individuals,as members of an ethnic group, or as a religious minority. Apartheid has not only prompted a diverse set of responses fromMuslim organizations,s but the political and social events of the lasttwenty years have influenced conversion rates among the nominallyChristian African majority. Although there have been academicattempts to analyze the implications of some of these phenomena.there has been no ethnographic research at a local level to understandhow events in the sociopolitical arena shaped proselytizing work, theconversion process, and the interethnic relationships of the Muslims.This paper, based on ethnographic research in the townships ofKwaMashu-Ntuzuma-Inanda, located near Durban, is a contributiontoward understanding the position of African Muslims. The paper islimited to data collected during the latter half of 1992 and early 1993 ...

The Inanda, Ntuzuma, KwaMashu (INK) area has been the main concern of the eThekwini Municipality. This area has been marked for its poverty and crime rate which is very high and has a bigger population. In terms of the eThekwini Municipality’s Intergrated Development Plan (IDP) and the Local Economic Development (LED) this area needs to fight poverty through providing sustainable programmes that will lead to economic growth and development thus changing the lives of many. There are policies and strategies that the government has embarked on to fight poverty and unemployment in the country but still this pandemic is growing. This study looked at how government has intervened in this community through the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP). This programme is intended for those people who have no employment or any source of income and its aim is to reach the poorest of the poor anywhere in the country. A sample was chosen through the purposeful method from a population frame of all people in the INK area who had worked in the EPWP. The researcher also used community leaders in the area who had been directly involved in the programme. The researcher obtained data from primary sources, which are individuals that were involved in the study. The researcher used both self-administered questionnaires and structured interviews for this study. The interviews were conducted with the community and community leaders. The questionnaires comprised of open-ended and closed-ended questions. The reason for using open-ended questions was to allow respondents a chance to give their opinions and make useful comments. The results are indicative of government strides to reduce poverty. The impact of the programme seems positive. This is mainly because of the knowledge and skills that the beneficiaries gained during the programme. The issue of job creation is still a major challenge in terms of addressing poverty in the INK area.<br>Thesis (MPA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2010.

One of the greatest and unresolved challenges that faces mankind today is HIV/AIDS and the effects that it has on people as well as society as a whole. South Africa is one of the countries worst affected by HIV/AIDS, with KwaZulu-Natal being one of the hardest hit provinces in the country. So, this pandemic is having a destructive effect on all spheres of life, and until a cure is found for this pandemic, it will continue to pose a threat to all of humankind. The aim of this study was to look at knowledge, attitudes, risk perception and condom use in two sites in KwaZulu Natal. The reason for doing this was because a study of this nature has not been done in these areas. A pre-existing dataset was used and data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The analysis was done using crosstabulations, frequencies and multivariate logistic regression. The major findings of this study are: (i) both men and women of all ages are knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS and condoms, as well as condom use; (ii) more women perceive themselves to be at risk than do men; (iii) women view condoms more positively than men; and (iv) respondents indicated knowledge and risk perception, but majority of them were not practising safer sexual behaviour. In conclusion, it was observed that knowledge about HIV/AIDS and condoms are universal, however, people perceiving themselves to be at risk are not practising safer sexual behaviours Le. they are not using condoms.<br>Thesis (M.Dev.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Technology: Public Management, Durban University of Technology, 2012.<br>Access to medical care remains a challenge worldwide. It is particularly severe in developing countries and it is estimated that one million more health care workers are needed in Africa to meet the health related Millennium Development Goals. Though many countries have made significant strides in improving health service delivery by increasing their spending on health care, many health systems remain weak. The situation is no different in South Africa. Community health workers (CHW’s) are thought to be an answer to improving health care delivery. They can be trained to do specialized tasks, such as providing sexually transmitted disease counselling, directly observed therapy and act as birth attendants. Others work on specific programmes performing limited medical evaluations and treatment. With proper training, monitoring, supervision and support, CHW’s have shown to be able to achieve outcomes in terms of health care service delivery. The researcher undertook this study to investigate the perceptions of CHW’s on the training services offered by Masikhulisane (MK). A case study of Inanda, Ntuzuma and KwaMashu (INK) used a mix method approach to determine the perceptions of community health workers on the training services offered by Masikhulisane. The researcher distributed questionnaires to six groups of CHW’s in the INK area at different venues. The findings of the study are useful in making evidence-based improvements in the MK education programme that targets various sectors, including CHW’s. From the findings of this study, it was concluded that CHW’s can make a valuable contribution to improved access and coverage of communities with basic health services. It is recommended that the Masikhulisane training programme should be accredited, the Masikhulisane sectoral approach should be broadened to reach more sectors not reached before and the training content should be revisited to ensure acceptability and appropriateness for targeted sectors.

During the Apartheid period township areas were excluded from development. Townships only contained residential land uses, and limited social services of poor quality. Such areas lacked economic activities people had to travel to the city for employment opportunities and access to better services. As a result of apartheid planning, the country was left with cities and towns that are racially divided, lack access to business and other services and have sprawling informal settlements and spread out residential areas that make cheap service delivery difficult. All the above mentioned outcomes require a new approach to address the development challenges in South Africa. This led to the formulation of Integrated development planning processes, which were adopted to contribute towards eradicating the legacy of the past by providing a framework for economic, social development, environment protection and to deal with spatial and infrastructure issues in all the municipal areas. This study presents findings on the extent in which integrated development planning initiative in eThekwini Municipality has transformed and integrated the Inanda, Ntuzuma and KwaMashu (INK) areas. Based on the findings of this research it has been revealed that integrated development planning approach has played a major role in transforming and integrating the INK area, hence there has been improvement in the social, economic and the spatial aspects of development. However it is recommended that the municipality also consider development of light industries and skills development initiatives to address social and economic issues that are a challenge for INK areas<br>M.T.R.P. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2013.