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1
Anderson, Wendy R. M. "The significance of Middle Nubian C-Group mortuary variability, ca. 2200 B.C. to ca. 1500 B.C. /." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41966.
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Several twentieth century archaeological expeditions to Lower Nubia recovered the skeletal and cultural remains of C-Group populations mainly from cemetery sites between Shellal and the Second Cataract. Along with the remains of the more or less contemporary Pangrave and Kerma peoples, the C-Group archaeological sequence was assigned to the Middle Nubian Period which lasted from the Sixth to the Eighteenth Egyptian Dynasties and is dated from ca. 2200 B.C. to ca. 1500 B.C. Conflicting interpretations of C-Group socioeconomic conditions are inevitable since no systematic analysis of the data resulting from the excavations of Middle Nubian cemeteries has ever been undertaken. In an attempt to assess the extent of C-Group economic contact with the Egyptians and to resolve the issue of possible growing social differentiation within the C-Group community, a quantitative analysis of the mortuary remains from fifteen C-Group cemeteries was undertaken. The results indicate that the flow of a small number of Egyptian artefacts into Lower Nubia was relatively constant and that contact between Lower Nubians and Egyptians was probably quite limited. Egyptian portrayals of constant fluctuation in Egyptian-Nubian political relations do not correspond with the evidence from the Nubian archaeological record. The analysis also indicated that economic inequality amongst the Middle Nubian population was present in each date category and tended to increase over time. Socioeconomic differences were greatest during the middle of the Second Intermediate Period. These findings indicate that the Middle Nubian socioeconomic system tolerated increasingly conspicuous differences amongst its members. They are not consistent with the hypothesis that no increase in differential access to burial resources occurred between ca. 2100 and ca. 1550 B.C. and that C-Group social and economic conditions remained virtually unchanged throughout their 800-year history.
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Seleman, Baba Nahed. "Symbols of Nubia : an investigation of the potential of CAD for using Nubian motifs in contemporary textiles." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401472.
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Hicks, James. "David Roberts' Egypt & Nubia as imperial picturesque landscape." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4595.
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This thesis examines and contextualises historically significant aspects of the ways in which David Roberts’ lucrative lithographic publication Egypt and Nubia (1846-49) represented the “Orient”. The analysis demonstrates that Roberts used tropes, particularly ruins and dispossessed figures, largely derived from a revised version of British picturesque landscape art, in order to depict Egypt as a developmentally poor state. By establishing how this imagery was interpreted in the context of the early Victorian British Empire, the thesis offers an elucidation of the connection between British imperial attitudes and the picturesque in Roberts’ work. The contemporary perception of Egypt and Nubia as a definitive representation of the state is argued to relate, not only to the utility of the picturesque as an “accurate” descriptive mode, despite its highly mediated nature, but also to the ways in which Britain responded to shifting political relationships with Egypt and the Ottoman Empire between 1830 and 1869. This political element of the research also suggests a more problematised reading of Robert’s work in relation to constructs of British imperialism and Edward Said’s theory of ‘Orientalism’, than has been provided by previous art historical accounts. A significant and innovative feature of the research is its focus on extensive analysis of textual descriptions of Egypt in early Victorian Britain and contemporary imperial historiography in relation to characteristics displayed in Roberts’ art. This offers a basis for a more specific, contextual understanding of Roberts’ work, as well as historically repositioning nineteenth-century British picturesque art practice and the visual culture of the early Victorian British Empire.
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Dann, Rachael Jane. "Aesthetics and identity at Qustul and Ballana, Lower Nubia." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1820/.
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Rose, Pamela Jane. "The aftermath of the Roman frontier in Lower Nubia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265407.
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This dissertation seeks to explore the nature of the occupation of Lower Nubia between the third and sixth centuries A.D. through a study of the material culture of the 'X-group', and the cultural influences exerted thereupon. It draws upon a detailed examination of artefactual evidence and particularly ceramics from published and unpublished sites throughout the study area, with especial reference to unpublished data from the citadel of Qasr Ibrim which both the archaeological and historical records indicate to have been of key importance at this time. The study concludes that the previously assumed homogeneity of 'X-group' material culture cannot be accepted for much of the period under consideration, and that separate cultural traditions can be identified which indicate the settlement of new groups within the area alongside the small pre-existing population. These can now be more successfully linked with historical sources than has previously proved possible, and also provide clear evidence of the mechanisms by which the late Roman administration in Egypt sought to maintain stability in the territory immediately beyond its southern frontier. Ceramics are used extensively in the study in the assessment of the cultural influences present in Lower Nubia, their effect on local production, and their significance. Particularly important is the definition of a previously unrecognised 'post-Meroitic' ceramic assemblage of limited distribution, which is clearly antecedent to the well-known 'X-group' ceramic tradition. Ceramics also provide evidence of dating, and were used in seriation analysis in order to investigate more closely the chronology and sequence of occupation of Lower Nubia.
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Szymanska, Agnieszka. "Liminal Bishops: Episcopal Portraits from the Cathedral of Pachoras, Nubia." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/86848.
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Art HistoryM.A.
Prior to the removal of monumental murals from the cathedral of Pachoras (Faras), the largely unknown cultural entity of Christian Nubia figured in scholarship merely as a peripheral outpost of Byzantine and Egyptian influence. The impressive corpus of visual evidence from Pachoras, located south of the first Nile cataract and now inundated by Lake Nasser, led Kurt Weitzmann to reevaluate its significance in a seminal essay published in 1970. By tracing artistic sources of Christian Nubian art to Egypt, Palestine, and Syria, Weitzmann initiated recognition of the close ties between Nubia and Byzantium. Since that time, however, this subject has received little art historical attention, and it continues to pose interpretive challenges. I endeavor to recuperate the Nubian wall paintings from Pachoras for mainstream Byzantine studies. To that end, I explore the depictions of three of the Pachoras bishops, with particular attention to their original location, relationship with surrounding images, and epigraphic evidence. I conceive of these tenth- and eleventh-century portraits as visual constructions of Nubian episcopal authority mapped out on the cathedral's walls. I also explore the possible meanings of the indigenous elements represented in the images of the Pachoras bishops, while considering their relationships to the eastern Mediterranean textual and visual traditions. Evidence includes the paintings with accompanying inscriptions, fourteenth-century scrolls of Bishop Timotheos, Greek and Coptic epitaphs engraved on ninth- through twelfth-century funerary steles, and a list of bishops, first painted around the turn of the tenth century.
Temple University--Theses
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Privat, Sidonie. "La religion et les rituels funéraires en Nubie égyptienne et soudanaise : la question de l'acculturation." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30047.
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Camafort, Blanco Miquel. "Active tectonics in Northern Africa: The Nubia-Eurasia boundary in Tunisia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668452.
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This PhD thesis presents a geological and geophysical study that characterizes the Quaternary stratigraphy, geomorphology, recent tectonics, and discusses their implications to understand the geodynamic evolution of North Tunisia, including the emerged land and continental margin. The study area spans much of the region containing the boundary between the African and Eurasian tectonic plates in this sector. I have carried out specific analyses for an onshore and an offshore contiguous regions, where present-day tectonics has been previously poorly studied.
Onshore Northern Tunisia we applied a morphometric relief analysis of digital elevation models based in drainage network metrics to characterize active tectonics and its influence into the drainage evolution of the area. This analysis was ground-truthed with a field campaign. Our analysis indicates that recent river captures have been the main factor driving the fluvial network reorganization in Northern Tunisia and are probably driven by the gradual uplift of adjacent axial valleys by reverse/oblique slip faults or associated folding. Several active faults with estimated maximum magnitudes up to (Mw) 6.7 have been identified.
To study the offshore North Tunisian continental margin we have integrated a comprehensive dataset of about 12,000 km of 2D parametric echosounder profiles and about 15,600 km2 of high- resolution bathymetry and back-scatter mosaics from two cruises. Additionally to the geophysical dataset, we integrated available age data from a giant piston core collected by the R/V Marion Dufresne in 1995 during the MAST II PALAEOFLUX Program, which provides the calibration of horizons mapped with TOPAS profiles. This large dataset permitted a detailed analysis of the offshore Tunisian plateau for the first time.
The geomorphologic and morpho-structural study of the offshore North Tunisian margin has revealed a complex seafloor topography. The coexistence of a wide range of geomorphic features interplay to shape the seafloor and shallow strata structure. This first high-resolution study has been key to later identify and characterize active faulting and related structures.
The seismo-stratigraphic analysis of deposits supports that individual Quaternary basins develop syn-tectonic to faulting. This analysis found a change in Sediment Accumulation Rates (SAR) coeval to a change in the strata geometry of the units next to faults at 402 ± 5 ky (mid Middle Pleistocene) supporting a change in active faulting intensity caused by enhanced
contractional tectonics. This change may relate to the NW-SE convergence between Nubia and Eurasia, and probably marks the end of the Tyrrhenian back-arc extension and of subduction trench migration in the Ionian Sea.
The structural analysis of the offshore North Tunisian continental margin has revealed a series of active faults, mapped for the first time in the region, with a general transpressional to compressional regime and estimated maximum magnitudes of (Mw) 7.54. Most active faults occur within the north-eastern sector of the mapped area and possibly represent the current reactivation of previous structures and inverted in compression by the present-day NW-SE trending convergence. Most of them are possibly pre-existing faults formed during the opening of the Tyrrhenian Sea and some fewer faults are possibly related to the fold-and-thrust belt system associated to the opening of the Algero-Balearic basin.
Overall, the distribution of active faults corresponds to a sparse seismicity band that expands further south than in neighbouring regions. The broad area of deformation is probably related to the geometry and dynamics of the slab underlying Tunisia, and to the collision of the North African lithosphere with relatively thick continental lithosphere of the Sardinia-Corsica. The results of this thesis provide information to improve the regional seismic hazard assessment.Aquesta tesi presenta un estudi geològic i geofísic que caracteritza l’estratigrafia quaternària, la geomorfologia i l’activitat tectònica recent per entendre l’evolució geodinàmica del Nord de Tunísia, incloent la zona emergida i el marge continental. L’àrea d’estudi inclou la major part de la regió que conté el límit de plaques entre Núbia i Euràsia en aquest sector. A la zona emergida s’ha dut a terme una anàlisi morfomètrica del relleu mitjançant models digitals del terreny per caracteritzar la tectònica recent i la seva influència en l’evolució de la xarxa de drenatge. Aquest estudi es va complementar amb una campanya de camp i ha permès comprovar que les recents captures dels rius provocades pel moviment de falles actives són el principal factor que està causant una reorganització de la xarxa. A més, s’han identificat noves falles actives amb magnituds de terratrèmols estimades de fins a 6.7 Mw. A la zona marina es van adquirir una gran quantitat de dades en dues campanyes, incloent 12.000 km de perfils d’ecosonda i un mapa batimètric d’uns 15.600 km2. Aquestes dades van permetre dur a terme un estudi geomorfològic que ha descobert un fons marí molt complex. També es va dur a terme un estudi sismoestratigràfic dels sediments quaternaris que ha demostrat que les conques sedimentàries recents es desenvolupen sintectònicament a falles. Amb aquesta anàlisi es va identificar un canvi en les taxes de sedimentació a 402 ± 5 ka que demostra un augment en l’activitat de falles degut a la convergencia de plaques actual i que probablement marca la fi de la subducció a la conca del Tirrè. Per altra banda, es va dur a terme una anàlisi estructural del marge continental amb el que es van identificar nombroses falles actives desconegudes anteriorment i de les que s’han obtingut magnituds potencials de terratrèmols de fins a 7.54 Mw. Aquestes falles són falles reactivades de l’obertura del Tirrè i en menor mesura de l’obertura de la conca Algero-Balear. Finalment, es proposa que la gran banda de deformació transpressiva-compressiva de Tunísia està relacionada amb la geometria i dinàmica dels slabs i al fet que el marge de Tunísia està col·lisionant amb l’escorça continental del bloc de Sardenya- Còrsega.
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Anderson, Julie Renee. "Spatial and temporal distribution of domestic and civil architecture in Christian Nubia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ35429.pdf.
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Usick, Patricia Hilary. "William John Banke's collection of drawings and manuscripts relating to Ancient Nubia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317809/.
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The portfolio of fifteen-hundred drawings made by the wealthy and brilliant William John Bankes (1786-1855) and his artists, travelling and working in Egypt and Nubia between 1815 and 1822, constitutes an important early scholarly record. Of particular interest are sites and monuments in Nubia and the Sudan, many of which are now destroyed, damaged, or have been moved due to the creation of Lake Nasser. Together with Henry Salt, Henry William Beechey, L-M-A. Linant de Bellefonds, and Alessandro Ricci, Bankes produced plans, views, descriptions, and, above all, remarkably accurate copies of reliefs and inscriptions. This mass of information was never arranged and published. A catalogue raisonné of the Nubian drawings covers the sites running between Dabod and Naqa, including Gebel Barkal, Meroë, and Musawwarat; many virtually unknown at that time. The catalogue provides the data for an assessment of the archaeological and epigraphic significance of the record. In addition, the unsigned drawings can now be attributed to individual artists on stylistic criteria, and, using unpublished journals and correspondence, the two journeys of 1815 and 1818-9 can be reconstructed. Many previously unrecognised drawings can now be identified, and sections of texts of particular interest recorded on the drawings have been hand-copied in an appendix. Bankes' role as a pioneer in the field of Egyptology, and his contribution to the study of decipherment are also examined.
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Fulcher, Kate. "Painting Amara West : the technology and experience of colour in New Kingdom Nubia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10044169/.
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This thesis presents an investigation of the paints used in domestic and funerary contexts in a pharaonic town in Nubia. Amara West was the seat of the Deputy of Kush, founded during the reign of Seti I, and inhabited up to the 8th century BC. The site retains evidence of painted house walls, paint in ceramic palettes, and raw pigments, as well as painted coffins in the cemeteries. The combination of freshly excavated material with secure archaeological contexts, and the ability to export samples, has allowed an in depth scientific analysis of the inorganic and organic components of the paints to be conducted. This is the first in depth study on the use of colour across an ancient Egyptian town site. The pigments identified mainly sit within the known Egyptian palettes, but three unusual pigments were found: a green earth, a blue earth, and ground bitumen. In addition, petrochemical analysis enabled the geographical source of the bitumen to be identified and molecular analysis detected a plant gum binder. The materials analysis has been combined with ethnoarchaeological interviews and a phenomenological study in order to consider the aims and activities of the people who made and used the paints at Amara West, and how these were influenced by and fit into the landscape and taskscape particular to this area. The situation of the site in Nubia provides the opportunity to consider the influence of a local non-Egyptian population on Egyptian technology and cultural choices. Pigments were chosen not just for their colour, but for the associations that were attached to the material, which may be related to its origin, the journey it has taken, the network of people involved in its procurement, or cultural determinations.
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Smith, Laurence Michael Vernon. "Aspects of pottery production and trade in medieval Nubia : a natural science approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273139.
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Seignobos, Robin. "L'Egypte et la Nubie à l'époque médiévale : élaboration et transmission des savoirs historiographiques (641-ca. 1500)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H023.
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L’étude prend pour point de départ la conquête arabo-musulmane de l’Égypte (641) qui a mis pour la première fois en contact le monde arabo-musulman avec la Nubie alors dominée par le royaume chrétien de Makouria. Notre enquête se prolonge jusqu’à l’effondrement de ce dernier qui disparaît, dans des circonstances encore nébuleuses, vers la fin du XVe siècle. Durant cette longue période se sont nouées des relations inédites entre l’une des principales puissance du monde musulman et un royaume chrétien installé aux portes du dār al-islāmmais qui ne fut pourtant jamais conquis. Les deux parties de ce mémoire de thèse s’articulent autour de la prise de la citadelle de Qaṣr Ibrīm par Šams al-Dawla Tūrānšāh en 1173 qui marque la fin de l’âge d’or des relations égypto-nubiennes et ouvre une période d’ingérence accrue de l’État égyptien dans les affaires de Nubie. Ce travail se fonde principalement sur l’analyse critique du corpus des sources historiographiques arabes (annales, chroniques, biographie…) que nous avons confronté, le cas échéant, aux sources épigraphiques et documentaires nubiennes. Notre approche se veut aussi attentive au contenu des récits qu’aux conditions de leur élaboration et de leur transmission qui déterminent pour une large part leur compréhensionOur study begins with the Arab Muslims’ conquest of Egypt in 641, as it was the first ever contact established between the Arab-Muslim world and Nubia, which was – at the time – under the yoke of the Christian kingdom of Makuria. Our enquiry then follows through to the very fall of the aforementioned kingdom, around the end of the fifteenth century, under circumstances that remain hazy to this very day. Throughout this lengthy period of time, groundbreaking ties were forged between one of the foremost powers in the Muslim world and a Christian kingdom that, although located right at the doorstep the dār al-islām, wasnever conquered. The two distinct parts that make up this doctoral dissertation are structured around the 1173 takeover of the Qaṣr Ibrīm citadel by Šams al-Dawla Tūrānšāh, which signaled the end of the golden age of peaceful relations between Egypt and Nubia as well asushered in a phase of increased Egyptian interference into the running of the Nubian State. This work hinges on a critical analysis of the corpus of Arab historiographical sources (annals, chronicles, biographies…) that we have compared, whenever possible, to Nubian epigraphic and documentary sources. Our approach aims at paying just as much attention to the contents of the various accounts we have gathered as to the conditions in which they were recorded and transmitted, as the latter plays a major part in how they should be consideredand understood
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Morkot, Robert George. "Economic and cultural exchange between Kush and Egypt." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360098.
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Martin, D. C. "Behavioral Reconstruction of the Kerma Era Nubians." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1107.
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Cultural adaptations to environment can result in certain biological changes in individuals (Kennedy, 1989; Jurmain, 1999). Some of these changes can affect the human skeleton and leave markers pointing to patterns of habitual behavior or general level of workload stress placed on the body. This study assesses the variation in workload caused by environmental and cultural differences of three contemporaneous Nubian groups of the Kerma era (2,500-1,500BC) in ancient Nubia. The skeletal samples used here are from three contemporaneous ancient Nubian groups who lived during this period. The Kerma Collection represents a population from the urban capital city of Kerma in Upper Nubia (1,750-1,500BC; n=216), the collection of the Northern Dongola Reach Survey (NDRS) represents a rural population located 70km south of the Kerma city in Upper Nubia (2,500-1,750BC; n=48), and the C-Group collection represents a subsistence based society from the area of Lower Nubia (2,000-1,600BC; n=109). The rural and urban groups were located in the fertile area of Sudan known as the Dongola Reach and the subsistence based society occupied the more rugged, desert-like terrain outside of the Dongola Reach. Behavioral reconstruction markers entheseal changes (EC), workload trauma, and degenerative joint disease (DJD) were employed in order to attain broader answers of how Homo sapiens from the same civilization cope with varying environments. Results suggest that the subsistence based population (C-Group) experienced the least amount of workload stress, suggesting increase in workload with an increase in agricultural intensity/social complexity, as both the urban and rural populations had much more intensive agriculture and were more socially complex than the subsistence based population. This increase in workload with the advent of agriculture (Cohen and Armelagos, 1984; Goodman et al., 1984; Larsen, 1995) and with increase in social complexity (Zabecki, 2009) has been suggested in prior studies with other populations and this is seen here. Furthermore, though sex differences concerning pattern of behavior are clearer in the C-Group suggesting fewer habitual activities due to a less complex society (as suggested by Petersen, 1998; Eshed et al., 2004), similar behavior differences between sexes were still somewhat visible in the urban and rural populations. This suggests that some cultural traits remain constant in the Nubian culture despite environment or level of social complexity. The Kerma city and NDRS collections are, in general, highly stressed when compared to the C-Group or contemporaneous populations, irrespective of which marker is assessed. This may be due to the intensive agriculture practiced or the threat of attack from other populations forcing strenuous construction and fortification efforts of settlements. Juvenile remains, which are traditionally excluded from behavior studies, displayed lesions on several areas of the skeleton which may suggest heavy workload. This study builds on previous information known about the people of the Kerma era and gains a clearer perspective of how these populations lived their lives from day to day. These data can be used to continue investigation into ways in which environment and culture affect human biology and, in turn, the human skeleton.
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Kassem, Mohsen Mohamed Morsy. "The failure of vernacular housing policy and design in Egypt : the case of Nubia." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21486.
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In the developing countries, it has been argued that most vernacular settlements are unsatisfactory for many reasons, one of them is the way in which the culture of the people is disregarded. Therefore, it is the objective of this research to find a relevant social scientific approach to the design of houses in these areas, with special reference to the Nubian settlement in Egypt. This study attempts to delineate the development of cultural influences on housing needs which affect the life of the Nubian people. A general view of the various problems in the developing countries that have affected house design is outlined. This is discussed in connection with the problems of contemporary vernacular houses in Egypt in order to reveal the reasons and causes that led to the establishment of new settlement in particular. Some steps towards identifying significant morphological factors in an Egyptian Nubian community are examined and the empirical task has been to establish why the Government house design falls short of the needs of the Nubian settlers. The case of the village of Kom-Ombo is examined as an example and comparison of the four case studies groups that were found there was used to help analyse the satisfaction results. In doing so, a field study was undertaken to compare Government with self-built houses that have been built in the present site and homeland. The field study was accomplished using interviews to explore and investigate the Nubians' socio-economical and psychological needs that consequently led them to abandon their Government houses and build more satisfactory ones back in the homeland. The conclusions drawn from these studies could be used to recommend a design approach to Government architects based on the concept of how the people settle down to help build their own houses collaboratively. This, however, is not intended to be an ultimate solution but merely an example of the results that could be attained using a methodological objective. The above approach is to emphasise rather than achieve conceptual (alternative) optimum solutions, since every project must develop its own solutions according to its own needs.
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Bland, Helen Alicia. "Chemical investigations of ancient biomolecules in artefacts and ecofacts from Qasr Ibrim, Egyptian Nubia." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310603.
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David, Romain. "La céramique funéraire de l'époque méroïtique : recherches à partir de deux sites de Moyenne Nubie (Saï et Sedeinga)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30033.
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Cette étude propose une synthèse sur les céramiques funéraires de l'époque méroïtique, à travers des recherches réalisées sur du matériel mis au jour dans deux nécropoles de Moyenne Nubie : Saï et Sedeinga. Un catalogue réunissant les typologies de ces deux sites sert de base à l'élaboration d'une typo-chronologie valable pour l'ensemble de la Nubie et, dans une moindre mesure, à l'échelle du royaume méroïtique. La datation de chaque type morphologique permet de fixer des jalons chronologiques sûrs, pour une période où les données font défaut lorsqu'il s'agit d'établir avec précision la succession des événements. Un examen des techniques employées pour le façonnage et la décoration des vaisselles, ainsi qu'une analyse de la diffusion des céramiques à l'intérieur du territoire méroïtique, apportent de nombreux éléments de compréhension au sujet des ateliers, de l'organisation de la production et de la spécialisation des potiers à la période méroïtique. L'évolution des formes et des décors des poteries est aussi regardée dans une perspective historique : les transformations recensées sont le fait de contacts avec l'Égypte hellénistique et romaine, ayant conduit à des échanges de savoir-faire. Aussi, les variations observées témoignent de politiques menées, notamment d'un retour à un archaïsme également perceptible dans l'architecture religieuse, et mettent en lumière les flux économiques animant le royaume méroïtique. Enfin, la céramique, replacée dans un contexte funéraire, contribue à réviser les pratiques et les rites exécutés lors des funéraillesThis study proposes a synthesis on funerary ceramics of the Meroitic period through searches performed on the material unearthed within two necropolis of Middle Nubia: Sai and Sedeinga. A catalog merging the typologies of these two sites serves as a basis for developing a typo-chronology valid for the whole Nubia, and to a lesser extent, for the Meroitic kingdom. The dating of each morphological type allows secure chronological marker in a period for which data are lacking to ascertain the precise sequence of events. A review of techniques used for shaping and decorating ceramics, and the analysis of their distribution within the Meroitic territory, provide many elements of understanding about the workshops, the organization of production and potters' specialization during the Meroitic period. Evolution of potteries' shapes and decoration is also viewed in historical perspective: changes identified are the result of contact with the Hellenistic and Roman Egypt that led to exchanges of know-how. Thus, the observed changes reflect policies, including a return to an archaism also reflected in religious architecture, and economic flows leading the Meroitic kingdom. Finally, the ceramic is placed in a funerary context and helps to review the practices and rituals performed during the funeral
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Díaz, de Cerio Juan Montserrat. "Aproximación histórica y arqueológica al centro religioso de Napata (Djebel Barkal) durante el periodo meroítico. El yacimiento de Abasseya." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457734.
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Esta investigación tiene como punto de partida la excavación del yacimiento de Abasseya, que he tenido la responsabilidad de dirigir desde el año 2001. Hoy por hoy, los trabajos arqueológicos han concluido y el proyecto se encuentra en su fase final, con trabajos de restauración y adecuación museográfica. La tesis supone así una presentación de los resultados de estas excavaciones, de las estructuras arquitectónicas y los materiales hallados y documentados, así como una reflexión en términos históricos-culturales sobre ellos.
Para la parte documental, nos hemos basado en los reportes publicados por algunas de las muchas misiones arqueológicas que trabajan en Sudán en la actualidad. Asimismo, hemos podido visitar algunos de los principales yacimientos que se describen en nuestro trabajo. Mucha de la información procede lógicamente de la bibliografía especializada, especialmente la que concierne a las excavaciones más antiguas, del siglo XIX.
El trabajo consta de cinco partes. La primera una introducción histórica al reino meroítico, durante los periodos napatiense y meroítico y en ella se pone de manifiesto cuál es el estado actual de la investigación en términos de reconstrucción histórica con las múltiples lagunas que hay.
La segunda parte o capítulo 1 se centra en el estudio del área arqueológica de Djebel Barkal. Primero se describe el yacimiento tal y como lo encontramos en la actualidad, para continuar con una aproximación a la historia de esta área sagrada. La tercera sección de este primer capítulo se centra en la arqueología del yacimiento, con una aproximación tanto al área de culto, con la presencia de templos y palacios, como al área de necrópolis, con la descripción tipológica de los enterramientos reales.
La tercera parte o capítulo 2 consta de 4 secciones. La primera es la descripción del proyecto arqueológico que se ha realizado en el yacimiento de Abasseya. La segunda es una descripción del yacimiento. La tercera sección, centrada ya en los trabajos arqueológicos, describe cada uno de los sectores que se han identificado en el yacimiento de Abasseya y en la cuarta sección hacemos una aproximación a los materiales hallados en las excavaciones.
En la cuarta parte o capítulo 3 abordamos la interpretación del yacimiento, para lo cual hemos comparado las estructuras halladas en cada uno de los sectores, por separado, con paralelos encontrados en otros yacimientos nubios. El capítulo termina con una contextualización topográfica de las estructuras dentro del yacimiento de Djebel Barkal, en general, y con una contextualización cronológica del yacimiento dentro de la historia de Barkal y de Nubia.
La quinta parte son las conclusiones, donde recogemos las ideas principales de todo lo expuesto anteriormente y definimos la naturaleza de los restos hallados en el yacimiento, su posible significado y la cronología que les asignamos. También ofrecemos una imagen global en relación al yacimiento de Djebel Barkal y a la historia de Nubia para el periodo en el cual hemos datado el yacimiento.The base of this research is the excavation of the Abasseya site, which I have been responsible for since 2001. Today, the archaeological work has been completed and the project is in its final phase, with ongoing restoration work and preparation for exhibition. The thesis is thus a presentation of the results of these excavations, of the architectural structures and materials found and documented, as well as a discussion in historical-cultural terms about them. Regarding to the sources of information, we have relied on the reports published by many of the several archaeological missions currently working in Sudan. We have also been able to visit some of the main sites described in our work. Much of the information is obviously derived from the specialized literature, especially the one related to the earliest excavations of the nineteenth century. This thesis consists of five parts. The first is a historical introduction to the kingdom of Meroe, presenting the current status of the researches related with its historical reconstruction and showing the many gaps that exist. The second part (Chapter 1) focuses on the study of the archaeological area of Jebel Barkal. First we describe the site as it is found today, then we continue with an approach to the history of this sacred area. The third section of this first chapter focuses on the archeology of the site, with an approach to both the worship area, the presence of temples and palaces, and the necropolis area, with the typological description of the royal burials. The third part (Chapter 2) consists of four sections. The first is the description of the archaeological project that has been carried out in the Abasseya site. The second is a description of this site. The third section, already focused on the archaeological work, describes each of the sectors that have been identified in the Abasseya site and in the fourth section we make an analysis of the materials found in the excavations. In the fourth part (Chapter 3) we perform the interpretation of the site, for which we have compared separately the structures found in each of the sectors, with parallels found in other Nubian sites. The chapter ends with both, a geographical contextualization of the Abasseya site within the area of Jebel Barkal and a chronological contextualization of this site within the history of Barkal and Nubia. The fifth part are the conclusions, where we collect the main ideas of all the above background and define the type of the remains found in the site, its possible meaning and the chronology assigned to them. We also offer a global picture of Abasseya in relation with Jebel Barkal and the history of Nubia for the period in which we have d
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Judd, Margaret Ann. "Trauma and interpersonal violence in ancient Nubia during the Kerma Period (ca. 2500-1500 BC)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0010/NQ59606.pdf.
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Sandberg, Paul A. "An isotopic investigation of health and illness in two skeletal populations from Kulubnarti, Sudanese Nubia." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433487.
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Judd, Margaret Ann. "Trauma and interpersonal violence in ancient Nubia during the Kerma Period (ca. 2500-1500 BC)." Ottawa : National Library of Canada, 2002. http://tinyurl.com/2dp32.
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Johansson, Carolin. "Digital Reconstruction of the Archaeological Landscape in the Concession Area of the Scandinavian Joint Expedition to Sudanese Nubia (1961–1964)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-224277.
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The Scandinavian Joint Expedition to Sudanese Nubia (SJE) was one of the substantial contributions of crucial salvage archaeology within the International Nubian Campaign which was pursued in conjunction with the building of the High Dam at Aswan in the early 1960’s. A large quantity of archaeological data was collected by the SJE in a continuous area of northernmost Sudan and published during the subsequent decades. The present study aimed at transferring the geographical aspects of that data into a digital format thus enabling spatial enquires on the archaeological information to be performed in a computerised manner within a geographical information system (GIS). The landscape of the concession area, which is now completely submerged by the water masses of Lake Nasser, was digitally reconstructed in order to approximate the physical environment which the human societies of ancient Nubia inhabited. Information on the nearly 500 indexed archaeological sites of the SJE was classified and imported into the GIS. The potential of the system thereby established, validated against modern remote sensing data and aerial photography, was then demonstrated by a number of spatial analyses at an inter-site level. The resuls of those analyses contribute to discussions on various topics already raised within the SJE publication or elsewhere and includes issues on Nile palaeochannel reconstructions, seasonal habitation patterns and dedicatory orientation of elite tombs. The system hereby developed is intended to be used in further studies of the relevant and information-rich research fields of ancient Nubia for applications similar to those demonstrated in the present project or for educational and research purposes hitherto unpredicted.Den Samnordiska Expeditionen till Sudanska Nubien (SJE) var en av de omfattande insatser av avgörande räddningsarkeologi inom den Internationella Nubienkampanjen som bedrevs i samband med byggandet av Höga Dammen i Aswan i början av 1960-talet. En stor mängd arkeologisk data samlades in av SJE i ett kontinuerligt område i nordligaste Sudan och publicerades under de efterföljande årtiondena. Denna studie ämnade överföra de geografiska aspekterna av den datan till ett digitalt format och därmed möjliggöra att rumsliga förfrågningar på den arkeologiska information kan utföras på ett datoriserat tillvägagångssätt i ett geografiskt informationssystem (GIS). Landskapet i koncessions-området, vilket nu är helt översvämmat av Nassersjöns vattenmassor, återskapades digitalt med syfte att approximera den fysiska omgivningen vilken de mänskliga samhällena i det forna Nubien bebodde. Information om de nära 500 indexerade fyndplatserna tillhörande SJE klassificerades och importerades in i detta GIS. Potentialen av det system som därmed skapats, validerat mot modern fjärranalysdata och flygfotografi, demonstrerades genom ett antal rumsliga analyser på en mellan-fyndplats-nivå. Resultaten av dessa analyser bidrar till diskussioner om diverse ämnen som redan tagits upp inom SJE-publikationen eller annorstädes och inkluderar frågor kring Nilens äldre dragningar, säsongsmässiga bosättningsmönster och avsiktlig orientering av elitgravar. Systemet som härvid har utvecklats är ämnat att användas i vidare studier av de relevanta och informationsrika forskningsområden som rör det forna Nubien för tillämpningar liknande de som demonstrerats i detta projekt eller för undervisnings- och forsknings-syften som hittills ej förutsetts.
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Delattre, Hélène. "Approche chronologique, territoriale et sociologique de la céramique préhistorique de Nubie (Mésolithique, Néolithique et Néolithique tardif, 2e-3e cataractes du Nil, Soudan)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040166.
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Cette étude du matériel céramique provenant de la région située entre les 2e et 3e cataractes du Nil est anthropologique. Elle consiste dans un premier temps à établir un outil de classification permettant le diagnostic des sites dans lesquels la poterie a été mise au jour. Ce travail préliminaire conduit ensuite à aborder le corpus selon trois axes. Le premier est chronologique et aboutit à la construction de la séquence de l'occupation de Haute Nubie, et ce en trois étapes, céramique, culturelle et périodique. Le deuxième axe est territorial et remplit deux objectifs : d'abord déterminer les frontières des faciès et des cultures de la vallée du Nil moyen ; ensuite appréhender les dynamiques à l'échelle de l'Afrique du nord-est – qu'il s'agisse de diffusions d'objets et d'idées, de migrations de populations ou d'échanges marchands. La dernière partie est consacrée à l'approfondissement de quelques faits sociaux : d'abord l'imbrication du stockage, de la sédentarité et de la hiérarchie, ensuite le dépôt de mobilier dans les tombes, et enfin deux systèmes de croyances, en lien avec le monde animal et l'univers minéralThis study of the pottery which was discovered in the region situated between the 2nd and the 3rd cataracts of the Nile is an anthropological study. First, it consists in building a classification tool which would help to diagnose the sites where the pottery was unearthed. This preliminary work leads to approach the corpus in three ways. First, the sequence of the occupation of Upper Nubia is built, in three stages: ceramics, cultures and periods. The second area of research is territorial and has two aims: to determine the boundaries of the facies and the cultures of the Middle Nile Valley, and to comprehend the dynamics across the Northeastern Africa – circulation of objects and ideas, migrations of populations, marketable exchanges. The last part is devoted to the study of some social facts: first, the interweaving of storage, sedentarity and hierarchy, then the deposition of artefacts in graves, and finally two systems of beliefs, in connection with the animal and the mineral world
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Sakamoto, Tsubasa. "Aux marges du royaume. Étude archéologique sur la période de transition postméroïtique." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30027.
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Cette thèse propose une synthèse sur la « Fin de Méroé ». L’enjeu est cependant considérable. La genèse des tumuli « royaux » d’el-Hobagi ne faisait-elle pas l’objet d’une discussion critique entre les spécialistes, lors de la 8e conférence des études méroïtiques à Londres ? Partice Lenoble n’avait-il pas déjà établi, avec toutes ses connaissances sur le terrain, l’histoire « postpyramidale » de la Nubie après la clôture des cimetières royaux de Méroé ? Aujourd’hui, il pourrait pour certains être inutile de rattraper le retard et de relancer une nouvelle recherche dans ce domaine. Rien n’a changé dit-on, parce que, en réalité, l’on ne dispose toujours pas de cimetières comparables à celui d’el-Hobagi ; il est ainsi effectivement impossible d’appréhender leur genèse, d’approfondir son histoire « postpyramidale ». La thèse présentée ici est là pour répondre à cette question. Constituée par sept chapitres principaux, allant du méroïtique au postméroïtique, ces derniers nous amèneront les uns et les autres aux enjeux auxquels se confrontaient Lenoble et ses collègues. Sans doute, pour notre part, la genèse des tumuli « royaux » d’el-Hobagi, et la chronologie des nécropoles royales de Qoustoul et de Ballana se situent-elles au cœur de la confrontationThis thesis proposes a synthesis of the “End of Meroe”. The challenge, however, is considerable. The genesis of the “royal” mounds of el-Hobagi was the subject of a critical discussion between experts at the 8th Conference of the Meroitic Studies in London. Partice Lenoble had already established, with all of his knowledge in the field, the “postpyramidal” history of Nubia after the end of the royal cemeteries of Meroe. Today, it might be useless for someone to launch a new research in this domain. Nothing has been changed, one says, because we still lack cemeteries comparable to that of al-Hobagi; thus, it is effectively impossible to understand their genesis, to investigate his “postpyramidal” history. The thesis presented here is to answer this question. Consists of seven main chapters, they bring us to the issues confronted by Lenoble and his colleagues. No doubt, the genesis of the “royal” mounds of el-Hobagi, and the chronology of the royal necropolis of Qoustoul and Ballana are at the heart of our confrontation
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Njoroge, Mary Wambui. "Is Nubia Plate Rigid? A Geodetic Study of the Relative Motion of Different Cratonic Areas within Africa." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6003.
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The Nubia plate is normally considered to be a rigid plate and as such used in the realization of terrestrial reference frame. Gondwana breakup plate reconstruction, the Cameroon volcanic line, seismicity, and the morphology of the Okavango rift zone (ORZ) suggest the presence of internal deformation within the Nubia plate. To test this hypothesis, six different reference frames were developed from the velocity field of three individual regions (West, Central and South), and of different combinations of them (West+Central, South+Central, and Nubia as a whole). The residual velocities with respect to these references frame help us understand the presence of the relative motion between the different regions thus the stability of the plate.
To realize the reference frames, all the publicly available global positioning system (GPS) data within the “stable” Nubia plate was processed. Given the small relative velocity, it is important to eliminate eventual biases in the analysis and to have good estimates of uncertainty of the observed velocities. For this reason, velocities were analyzed, and rate uncertainties computed using the Allan variance of rate (AVR) technique, accounting for colored noise.
Although geological and geophysical studies indicate the possibility of internal deformation within Nubia, the results of this study shows that the current GPS network is not capable to identify intraplate deformation and within uncertainties Nubia is a single plate. As final note, both the color of the noise and the amplitude of the annual signal of each time series as function of latitude and climatic region were analyzed. The study shows that the noise is approximately flicker for all the good stations independently of the location. On the contrary, the amplitude of the annual signal is strongly dependent on the climate of the regions.
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Britton, Lauren. "A Biocultural Analysis of Nubian Fetal Pot Burials from Askut, Sudan." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2290.
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The skeletal remains in this study were excavated from the Nubian archaeological island fortress site of Askut (ca. 1850 BC - 1070 BC, New Kingdom/Third Intermediate period), located at the 2nd Cataract of the Nile river in Sudan. These remains were recovered as part of an archaeological expedition from 1962-1964, which was an effort to learn as much as possible about this site before the building of the High Dam in Aswan. Seven fetal skeletons (dated ca. 1260-770 BC) were examined for their biocultural significance. Biological analysis of these individuals indicates a range in developmental age from 36 to 40 weeks gestation. Three of the seven individuals show signs of pathology, including vertebral lesions, a deformed sphenoid, and cranial infectious bone reaction. These individuals, all interred in ceramic pots, were excavated from the pomoerium (the religious/sacred boundary or symbolic wall) of Askut's fortress. The interment style and burial location indicate that these individuals were treated differently in comparison to the children and adults of Askut, who were most likely buried in the cemeteries along the banks of the Nile. As Nubia was an Egyptian colony at this point in history, Egyptian influences and ideology would have had a large impact on Nubian culture, and this is reflected in the burial treatment of these individuals. Biocultural analyses of these individuals are used to interpret the particular burial patterns of these individuals.M.A.
Department of Anthropology
Sciences
Anthropology MA
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Daoud, Mona. "Living on the edge : gender relations, climate change and livelihoods in the villages of Maryut and Nubia, Egypt." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/59683/.
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Most climate change literature tends to downplay the gendered nature of vulnerability and adaptation. At best, gender is discussed in terms of the male-female binary, seen as opposing forces rather than in varying relations of interdependency. Such construction can result in the adoption of maladaptive policy presenting culturally unfit gender-blind interventions. In Egypt, which is highly vulnerable to climate change, gender analysis of how intra- and inter-household relations shape people’s adaptive responses is non-existent. This thesis addresses this important research gap by asking ‘How do gender relations influence vulnerability and adaptation to climate-related stresses in a rural Egyptian context of multiple risks, shocks and stresses?’ Drawing on gender analysis of social relations (Kabeer, 1994, Jackson, 2007, Sen, 1987), based on the notion of multiple and intersecting roles and identities, and framed within an understanding of sustainable livelihoods (Ellis, 2000, Scoones, 1998), I position climate change within a broader spectrum of political, sociocultural, economic and environmental influences on people’s livelihoods. During 16 months of fieldwork I used multiple ethnographic methods to collect data from two culturally and ethnically diverse low-income villages; Nubia in Aswan in Egypt’s Nile valley and Maryut in Alexandria in the Nile Delta. My main argument is that experiences of and responses to climate change are closely intertwined with gender and wider social relations in the household and community. These are shaped by local gendered ideologies and cultures that are embedded in conjugal relations, kinship, and relationship to the environment, as compared across the two villages. In Nubia, kinship (based on matrilineal and matrilocal ties) and its resulting intergenerational local knowledge of the environment and its changes, as well as mutual support networks, figure as the most significant influences mediating gendered adaptation. In Maryut, I argue that this mostly patrilocal nuclear family setting tends to make individuals and households less able to adapt. In this study I strongly argue that these sociocultural gendered issues should be at the heart of adaptation discourses, policy and interventions.
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Gait, John Paul. "The A-Group/C-Group transition in Lower Nubia (Egypt and Sudan) : a review of the pottery evidence." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569215.
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This work examines the nature ofthe cultural, historical, and socio-economic differences between the late Neolithic A-Group and Early Bronze Age C-Group cultures of Lower Nubia, and proposes a new explanatory model to explain and describe the nature of transition between these groups between the late 4th millennium BC and mid 3rd millennium BC. The conventional prevailing explanation of the transition between these cultures relies on a culture-historical framework of extinction, abandonment and immigration, according to which the A-Group culture came to an end as the result of Egyptian military activity during the Early Dynastic Period in Egypt (c.2800 BC), leaving Lower Nubia devoid of indigenous Nubian occupation for approximately 500 years until the immigration of a culturally distinct C-Group population during the 6th Dynasty (c.2300 BC). Through a detailed comparative analysis of A-Group and C-Group pottery, focusing on the identification of technological choices made throughout the production process, the nature of the technological and cultural associations between the A-Group and C-Group cultures has been re- evaluated. This analysis questions the chronological sensitivity of forms of decorated pottery and challenges the validity of the conventional relative chronology of the A-Group and early C-Group periods. Through examining a range of evidence of the economic and social functions of pottery, this study demonstrates the use of A-Group ripple-burnished pottery and painted pottery in the maintenance of social boundaries based on economic status and gender. Specifically, this study demonstrates a statistically strong association between the use of A-Group ripple-burnished pottery in burials of women and children and the use of painted pottery in the burial of high status men. A review of the economic evidence of the subsistence strategies of the A-Group and C-Group, combined with evidence of the function of pottery, demonstrates significant differences in the economic activities of these two cultures, particularly with regard to the exploitation of domesticated cattle and the utilisation of milk products. On the basis of this analysis of the chronological and economic evidence of the A-Group and C-Group, a new explanatory model of the transition between these two cultures is proposed, in which it is advocated that apparent cultural differences seen within the archaeological record are the result of socio-economic changes occurring within Lower Nubian society between the late a" and mid 3rd millennia BC resulting from the exploitation of new subsistence resources. This model therefore argues in favour of direct cultural and historical continuity within Lower Nubia, and questions the role of Egyptian hostility in effecting an abandonment of Lower Nubia and the extinction of the A-Group culture.
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Sibrant, Aurore. "Evolution of the Graciosa, S. Miguel and Santa Maria volcanic islands : implications for the Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary in the Azores." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112303/document.
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L’archipel des Açores dans l’océan Atlantique est édifiées sur un épais plateau océanique, à proximité de la jonction triple entre les plaques Nord-américaine (Na), Nubienne (Nu) et Eurasienne (Eu). La formation du plateau et l’origine du volcanisme ont été le plus souvent attribués à la présence d’une instabilité mantellique. Cependant, la répartition et la morphologie des édifices volcaniques semblent avoir été grandement influencés par la déformation régionale liée à la migration de la frontière de plaque (Eu/Nu). En effet, la frontière serait passée d’une faille transformante aujourd’hui inactive, la zone de fracture est des Açores (EAFZ), à un rift ultra lent actif appelé le Rift de Terceira (TR).Lors de ce travail, nous utilisons le volcanisme comme marqueur de la déformation régionale. Nous nous intéressons particulièrement aux îles de S. Miguel et Graciosa, qui sont localisées à l’intérieur du TR, et à Santa Maria, une île volcanique éteinte qui se situe entre la EAFZ et le TR. De par leur position, ces trois îles constituent donc des cibles particulièrement appropriées afin d’étudier l’architecture et l’évolution de la frontière de plaque Eu/Nu durant les dernier Millions d’années. A partir de nouvelles données géomorphologiques, stratigraphiques, géochronologiques et tectoniques, couplées aux données bathymétriques et géophysiques disponibles, nous reconstruisons les étapes successives de construction et de démantèlement de ces îles puis discutons de leur signification géodynamique. Ces données sont ensuite complétées par des expériences de mécanique des fluides afin d’investiguer les liens possibles entre un panache mantellique, la migration de la frontière de plaque sur plusieurs échelles d’espace et de temps.Les résultats montrent que les édifices localisés dans le TR se construisent via des pulses volcaniques courts (<100 kyr) et relativement synchrones, séparés par des épisodes d’effondrements catastrophiques. Nous proposons qu’une telle évolution reflète des épisodes brefs et intenses de déformation régionale le long de la frontière de plaque active. La distribution des marqueurs tectoniques ainsi que leurs orientations N110 et N150 dans la partie Est de S. Miguel, nous conduit à proposer que l’extension oblique du TR est principalement accommodée par les failles bordières majeures du rift. Nous identifions une nouvelle tendance tectonique orientée N50° qui pourrait représenter des failles transformantes accommodant les variations d’obliquité du TR. L’activité de île de Santa Maria est ici datée entre 5.7 et 2.8 Ma. S. Maria a été façonnée par plusieurs effondrements sectoriels catastrophiques, le plus probablement déclenchés par les mouvements tectoniques régionaux. Nous identifions également une nouvelle structure de type graben reliant les îles de S. Maria et S. Jorge plus loin au NW. La forme de ce graben est semblable au TR et est située entre l’ancienne et la nouvelle frontière Eu/Nu. Nous interprétons ce graben comme un ancien rift transitionnel et donc comme une ancienne frontière de plaque Eu/Nu. A partir de nos données géochronologiques, nous proposons que la partie Est de ce rift transitionnel aurait migré vers la partie Est du TR entre 2.8 et 1.7 Ma.La migration de la frontière Eu/Nu a été interprétées par Vogt and Jung (2004) comme résultant de sauts successifs vers le NE de l’axe du Rift afin de maintenir sa position au dessus d’un point chaud fixe. Nos expériences de mécanique des fluides suggèrent que l’archipel des Açores, comme celui des Canaries, du Cap Vert, de Madère ainsi que les volcans sous marins de Great Meteor sont la signature en surface d’un groupe d’instabilités mantellique prenant naissance et remontant à partir du sommet d’un dôme thermochimique situé dans le manteau inférieur. De plus, Ces panaches secondaires pourraient être suffisamment faibles pour adapter leurs mouvements aux équilibres de forces pré-existants, notamment la structure et la morphologie de la lithosphèreThe Azores archipelago in the Atlantic comprises nine volcanic islands which developed on a thick oceanic plateau close to the Triple Junction between the North American (Na), the Nubian (Nu), and the Eurasian (Eu) lithospheric plates. The formation of the plateau and the origin of the volcanism remain controversial, but have been generally attributed to a plume-like mantle instability. However, the distribution of the volcanic edifices east of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) appears greatly influenced by regional deformation associated with the northward migration of the Eu/Nu plate boundary from an extinct old transform fault, the East Azores Fracture Zone (EAFZ), up to the presently active ultra-slow Terceira Rift (TR). In this thesis, we use the volcanism as a marker for regional deformation. We especially focus on S. Miguel and Graciosa, which are located within the TR, and on S. Maria, an old volcanically extinct island located between the EAFZ and the TR. These three islands thus constitute particularly suitable targets to track the architecture and the evolution of the Eu/Nu plate boundary during the last few Myr. From new geomorphological, stratigraphic, geochronologic, structural/tectonic data, and existing bathymetric and geophysical data, we reconstruct the successive stages of growth and destruction of the islands, and discuss their geodynamic meaning. These data are then complemented by fluid dynamic modelling using laboratory experiments to examine the possible links between mantle instability, plate boundary migration and the development of the volcanism on various spatial and temporal scales.The new results on the islands show that the edifices located within the TR grew through short (<100 kyr) and partly synchronous volcanic pulses, separated by catastrophic sector collapses. We propose that such evolution reflects brief and intense episodes of regional deformation along the still active Eu/Nu plate boundary. The distribution of tectonic markers and the recognition of N110 and N150 tectonic structures in eastern S. Miguel leads us to propose that oblique extension in the TR is mainly accommodated by the master faults of the rift, and that the TR is presently not the locus of appreciable sea-floor spreading. Furthermore, we identify a new N050 trend, which may represent transform faults accommodating the variation in obliquity of the TR. The activity of S. Maria is here dated between 5.7 and 2.8 Ma. Like the recent islands, S. Maria experienced catastrophic flank collapses, most probably triggered by regional tectonics. We identify a new graben structure linking Santa Maria to the island of S. Jorge further NW. The shape of this graben is similar to the TR and it is located between the EAFZ and the current plate boundary. We interpret this graben as a former transient rift, and therefore an old Eu/Nu plate boundary. From the new data, we propose that the eastern part of the transient rift migrated to the eastern part of the TR between 2.8 Ma and 1.7 Ma.The overall migration of the Eu/Nu plate boundary to the north and the creation of the Azores plateau has been interpreted by Vogt and Jung (2004) as resulting from successive NE jumps of the rift axis to maintain its position over a fixed ‘hotspot’. Our fluid mechanics experiments suggest that the Azores, as Canary, Cape Verde, Madeira Islands and Great Meteor seamounts might be the surface signature of a cluster of mantle instabilities rising from the top of a large thermochemical dome located in the lower mantle. However, such secondary plumes present a strong time-dependence 5-40 Myr time scale. Moreover, they could be sufficiently weak to adapt their motions to the pre-existing force balances and morphology of the lithosphere. We therefore present a scenario of the Azores area evolution combining a triple junction and decompression melting buoyant material (i.e. such in volatiles and/or temperature) under a thickening lithosphere
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Ruffieux, Philippe. "Égyptiens et Nubiens à Kerma : la céramique de Doukki Gel (Soudan) au Nouvel Empire." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL092.
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Les temples égyptiens de Doukki Gel, à Kerma (Soudan), ont été bâtis sous le règne de Thoutmosis Ier, au centre d’un ensemble religieux et cérémoniel du Kerma Classique. Les fouilles du site ont livré de grandes quantités de céramiques, dont l’étude constitue la matière de cette thèse. De concert avec l’analyse stratigraphique et l’épigraphie, l’approche typologique de la poterie, premier axe de recherche, a contribué à la datation de nombreux contextes archéologiques. Par ailleurs, six phases de développement ont été mises en évidence, au sein du corpus céramique du Nouvel Empire, depuis la fin du Kerma Classique. Le second axe de recherche, l’analyse technologique, basée principalement sur le système dit « de Vienne », a permis de définir des variantes locales des pâtes de tradition égyptienne, alors que la tradition Kerma a fait l’objet d’un système de classification particulier. L’étude indique que la grande majorité du matériel des deux traditions était fabriqué localement, et révèle des influences réciproques entre Nubiens et Égyptiens, dues à la situation singulière de ce site. Une analyse des données quantitatives du matériel récolté dans différents secteurs permet en outre de proposer une identification fonctionnelle des espaces et de la circulation des denrées dans le cadre des activités cultuelles, au sein de trois organisations architecturales successives. Ces données suggèrent également une longue survivance de la tradition Kerma déclinante, à l’échelle locale ou régionale, pendant le Nouvel EmpireThe Egyptian temples at Dokki Gel, Kerma (Sudan), were built during the reign of Thutmose I, in the heart of a Classic Kerma religious and ceremonial compound. The excavations of the site have yielded a huge number of potsherds whose study constitute the focus of this thesis. The typological approach, combined with stratigraphic analysis and epigraphy, has allowed the dating of many archaeological contexts. Moreover, six development phases within the New Kingdom ceramic corpus were identified, starting at the end of the Classic Kerma. The technological analysis, relying mainly on the so-called « Vienna System », led to the definition of local variants of egyptian pottery fabrics, whereas the Kerma material had to be classified separately. A large majority of pottery from both traditions was most likely produced locally and shows signs of mutual influences between Nubians and Egyptians. Analysis of the quantitative data of ceramic assemblages gathered from various sectors brings us to an identification of probable space functions, and movement of commodities within the framework of temple cult ativities and according to three successive architectural organizations. They also suggest a long period of survival of the declining Kerma pottery tradition, during the New Kingdom
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McCann, Eric D. "The ceramics of Faras, Ballana, Qustul and Qasr Ibrim : a re-appraisal of pottery production and consumption in Lower Nubia during the Meroitic period." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/20183/.
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This study re-examines ceramic assemblages from regional cemeteries in northern Sudan from the Meroitic era (300 BC- AD 350) as well as Meroitic domestic assemblages from the important citadel and temple site of Qasr Ibrim. A number of objectives are pursued in this study including the first detailed ceramic classification for the Faras ceramics and their correlation with other contemporary assemblages. The ceramic form type seriation for Faras, Ballana, Qustul and Qasr Ibrim is critiqued, as is the validity of currently held ideas concerning the evolution of painted decorative style in Meroitic ceramics. Paramount above other research questions is the consideration of the tangible evidence for 'Romanization' in northern Sudan during the change-over of power from Ptolemaic rule under Augustus. The ceramic evidence presented showcases a poorly understood region at the border of the Roman southern imperial frontier. Ceramic evidence dating to the 1st century BC/AD suggests ceramic emulation in earnest for local (elite) funerary consumption. This pattern soon halted however, surely linked to an extended period of hostilities ending with a formal Roman-Meroitic treaty being drawn up in 20 B.C. and the revoking of Meroe’s client kingdom status. The following centuries demonstrate the development of local ceramic traditions which to draw heavily from native Pharaonic decorative elements and very selectively from generic Greco-Roman motifs such as floral or linear designs. Models of Romanization currently put forward in literature focus upon cultural groups firmly within the jurisdiction of the Roman Empire. Regions which were peripheral to Rome, such as sub-Saharan Africa, Armenia or Parthia have yet to fully develop their own models of cultural acculturation for this period. This dissertation presents a new model which encompasses the socio-political factors present in Meroitic Sudan as well as the millennia-old practice by which Sudan drew new inspiration from contemporary Egyptian culture.
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Margolis, Julie Anna. "Tetracycline Labeled Bone Content Analysis of Ancient Nubian Remains from Kulubnarti." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429808453.
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Raxter, Michelle H. "Egyptian Body Size: A Regional and Worldwide Comparison." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3305.
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Human body size and limb proportions can provide important information about adaptation, population movements, and health disparities. This study investigated changes in body size and limb proportions of adult Egyptians temporally and geographically in relation to climatological, sociopolitical and economic developments. It was predicted that Egyptian groups that experienced more environmental stress would be shorter and exhibit less sexual dimorphism. It was also predicted that Egyptians would be intermediate between higher and lower latitude populations in body form and limb length ratios. The main skeletal sample consisted of 492 males and 528 females, all adults from the Predynastic and Dynastic Periods, a time spanning c. 5500 BCE-600 CE. Egyptian body dimensions were compared to Nubian groups, as well as to modern Egyptians and other higher and lower latitude populations. The present study found a downward trend in ancient Egyptian stature for both sexes through time, as well as decreased sexual dimorphism in stature. The decreases may be associated with dietary and social stress with the intensification of agriculture and increased societal complexity. Modern Egyptians in the study's sample are generally taller and heavier than their predecessors; however, modern Egyptians exhibit relatively lower sexual dimorphism in stature. Ancient Egyptians have more tropically adapted limbs in comparison to body breadths, which tend to be intermediate when plotted against higher and lower latitude populations. These results may reflect the greater plasticity of limb lengths compared to body breadth. The results might also suggest early Mediterranean and/or Near Eastern influence in Northeast Africa.
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Binder, Michaela. "Health and diet in Upper Nubia through climate and political change : a bioarchaeological investigation of health and living conditions at ancient Amara West between 1300 and 800 BC." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10831/.
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This thesis aims to investigate the impact of environmental and socio-political changes on health and living conditions in the ancient settlement of Amara West, Sudan (1300–800BC) through a diachronic comparison of selected indicators of disease and physiological stress on skeletal human remains. The town served as the administrative capital of the province Upper Nubia during the later phase of New Kingdom Egyptian occupation of Nubia (1300–1070BC). Despite the end of Egyptian control, settlement in the area continued until the 8th century. Palaeoenvironmental evidence from the region indicates that the period of occupation of the site further coincided with general climatic deterioration through increased aridification during the late 2nd and early 1st millennium BC. Whether these climatic and political changes would have had an affect on health and living conditions at Amara West is explored through comparing multiple markers of physiological stress and disease (stature, orbital changes, dental disease, evidence of nonspecific infection, respiratory diseases, endocranial changes, trauma, osteoarthritis) recorded through macroscopic examination of skeletal human remains from the New Kingdom (1300–1070BC, N=36) and post-New Kingdom period (1070–800BC, N=144). Analysis of stable oxygen and carbon isotopes was also included in the study. Applying a bio-cultural approach, interpretation of the results is complemented by contextual data drawn from ongoing research in the cemeteries, settlement and surrounding habitat. Despite limitations due to the bias in sample size, the systematic statistical comparison revealed several tentative trends such as decreasing stature, increased levels of osteoarthritis, dental pathologies, pulmonary diseases, post-cranial fractures and high levels of sub-adult mortality. Changes in stable oxygen isotope composition indicate increasingly arid conditions during the post-New Kingdom period. In light of palaeoenvironmental and isotopic data, the palaeopathological results may therefore reflect the health consequences of severe environmental changes as well as changes in settlement structure.
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Harris, Mervyn. "Skeletal manifestations of systematic disease in ancient Egypt and Nubia : a survey of mummy radiographs and skeletal remains from collections contained in the British, Natural History and Liverpool Museums." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531587.
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Peden, Alexander John. "The scope and roles of hieroglyphic and hieratic graffiti in ancient Egypt and Nubia : textual graffiti in the hieroglyphic and hieratic scripts from the Pharaonic Era: Dynasties I - XXXI." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243258.
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Halstad, Elsa. "De la fibre à l'étoffe : archéologie, production et usages des textiles de Nubie et du Soudan anciens à l'époque méroïtique." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30058/document.
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Mon sujet de thèse vise à étudier tous les aspects de la production textile au Soudan à l’époque méroïtique (300 avant J.-C. – 400 après J.-C.). En tant que production artisanale, les tissus sont les fruits de très nombreuses étapes de fabrication, depuis la culture de la fibre à sa transformation en fils, et jusqu’au tissage. Les textiles sont également un des piliers de la culture matérielle des sociétés antiques. Ils y remplissaient des fonctions très variées, liées à l’habillement ou au mobilier, dans tous les contextes, aussi bien urbains, cultuels, que funéraires. D’autres questions devront être abordées, comme celle du commerce avec le monde romain, ou celle de la place de la production textile soudanaise dans les espaces plus larges de la vallée du Nil ou du monde méditerranéen. Ma thèse aura pour objectif de documenter tous ces thèmes, touchants différents domaines comme l’archéobotanie, les études textiles, les analyses iconographiques, l’archéologie et l’histoire.Mon travail consistera à rassembler et analyser les outils, les tissus et les reliefs montrant des costumes, chaque groupe documentaire éclairant un ou plusieurs aspects de la production textile. Il s’agira aussi d’observer les contextes archéologiques afin de déterminer les différentes modalités de production et d’utilisation des tissus. Une telle étude, se basant sur un riche corpus d’objets souvent inédits, permettra d’illustrer un domaine peu connu de la culture matérielle et économique du Soudan méroïtique. This research aims to study every aspects of textile production in ancient Sudan and Nubia during the Meroitic period (300 BC – AD 600). Textiles are the result of a multi-faceted craft which involves a long and complex chaîne opératoire, from growing and harvesting the fibres to spinning, weaving, dyeing and sewing. Fabrics and cloths also played a central role in the material culture of ancient societies. They fulfilled numerous and varied functions related to clothing or furnishing in many everyday-life contexts, such as the house, the town, or the temple, but also during the after-life, taking part in funerary rituals and protecting the deceased. This study moreover considers the economic aspects of textile production, notably trade with the Roman provinces and the integration of the Sudanese production into larger geographical regions along the Nile valley and the Mediterranean basin.My doctoral thesis explores these different themes following a multidisciplinary approach, using methods from the fields of archaeobotany, textile studies, iconographic analysis, archaeology and history. The work is based on the gathering of hundreds of previously unpublished data in 3 databases: textiles from old and new excavations, textile production implements, and images of costumes on various media. In correlation with the study of archaeological contexts and findspots, the analysis of each corpus illustrates, for the first time, the diversity of Meroitic textile production and usage. In doing so, this research participates in a recent effort in Sudanese archaeology to shed light on the little-known material culture and economic history of the Meroitic kingdom
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Maines, Emma. "Diversité biologique et archéologie de la mort : une approche populationnelle et culturelle du Néolithique soudanais (Haute-Nubie)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H078.
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L’étude des restes humains et des archives de fouille de 5 cimetières de la concession de Kadruka (Northern State, Soudan) représentait une occasion unique d’étudier l’évolution des populations néolithiques et des pratiques funéraires du Néolithique de la Haute-Nubie. L’objectif de cette thèse était de reconstituer la biologie de ces populations (y compris l’étude de l’état sanitaire et des caractères discrets dentaires) et les gestes de la séquence funéraire dans leur contexte chronoculturel. Grâce à l’examen de 643 individus (pour l’étude biologique) et de 734 structures (pour l’analyse funéraire) des sites de KDK 1, KDK 2, KDK 18, KDK 21 et KDK 23 et en comparant les informations issues de l’étude de ces 5 ensembles, nous parvenons à discuter l’homogénéité de ces groupes humains et leurs relations biologique et culturelles. Bien que l’analyse de la variation anatomique non métrique (en particulier des caractères discrets dentaires) indique une certaine continuité et une uniformité globale au cours du Néolithique, des arguments peuvent également être avancés sur les brassages de population en lien avec les processus de migration, peut-être multiples et discontinues, ainsi que les processus d’acculturation. Les profils de mortalité, les marqueurs de stress non spécifiques et d’autres indicateurs paléopathologiques fournissent des témoins de la variabilité des groupes et de leurs pratiques. Par exemple, l’exclusion des individus immatures les plus jeunes de certains des cimetières, des pourcentages divergents d’incidence des caries dentaires et d’utilisation des dents comme outils témoignent de processus variables d’évolution de l’économie, de la subsistance et de la structuration de la société. Bien que globalement l’analyse des pratiques funéraires fournisse une image homogène, nos données soulignent autour d’une « norme funéraire » une variabilité « en continu » assez significative au sein de la séquence funéraire (changements importants du mobilier d’accompagnement, occupation et structuration variable des espaces funéraires, etc.). Enfin, ce travail porte un regard critique sur ce qu’apporte l’étude de la concession de Kadruka pour une meilleure compréhension de l’expérience funéraire du Soudan préhistorique, ainsi que le long de la vallée du Nil et à travers le Sahara. En examinant les données d’un point de vue synchronique et diachronique, nous avons atteint notre objectif d’identifier les courants, les évolutions et les particularités culturelles de l’ensemble de Kadruka ainsi que du Néolithique soudanais au sens largeThe human remains and excavation archives from 5 cemeteries from the Kadruka concession represented a unique opportunity for the study of the evolution of Neolithic populations and funerary practices in Neolithic Upper Nubia. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to reconstruct the biology of these populations (their health and lifeways) as well as to examine the specific practices at work in the different sequences of the funerary cycle within a chronological framework. Through the study of the 643 individuals (for the biological analysis) and 734 structures (for the archaeological analysis) from KDK 1, KDK 2, KDK 18, KDK 21 and KDK 23 and their comparison, it was possible to discuss the homogeneity of these populations from a biological and cultural standpoint. While the analysis of non-metric anatomical variation (specifically the discrete dental traits) points toward an overall continuity and uniformity throughout the Neolithic, though arguments may also be advanced based on this data for thinking flexibly about population admixture and processes of acculturation following migration patterns that may be multiple and discontinuous. Mortality profiles, non-specific stress markers, and other palaeopathological and occupational indicators, provide evidence of significant variability with biological, as well as cultural implications. Elements related to the processes of change at work within these societies, at a critical chronological and cultural juncture in the Prehistory of Upper Nubia, are perceptible through the study of these funerary groups. For example the exclusion of younger infants within burial areas otherwise including the remains of older individuals, the percentage of carious teeth incidence within populations and the use of teeth as tools, all speak to shifts in economy, subsistence and the structuring of society. While our analysis of funerary practice appears globally homogenous, our data also points to significant variability within an otherwise established and stable funerary sequence (important shifts in grave goods, variable occupation and structuring of the cemetery space, etc.). Finally, this work takes a critical look at the place the Kadruka concession now occupies within the greater understanding of the funerary experience in Prehistoric Sudan, as well as along the Nile river valley and across the Sahara. In examining data from a synchronic and diachronic perspective, across a wide variety of regions and contexts, we achieved our goal of identifying cultural undercurrents, evolutions and particularities for the Kadruka ensemble, as well as for the Sudanese Neolithic more broadly
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Larsson, Enberg Robin. "Nubiska bensamlingen på Museum Gustavianum." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-358441.
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This paper will be based on osteological analysis of the animal bones associated with the riverine cultures of ancient Nubia, especially the animal bones from the Pangrave and C-group cemeteries. These bones were excavated by the Scandinavian Joint Expedition in the 1960’s and are now conserved as a part of the Nubian collection at Museum Gustavianum in Sweden. The Nubian collection contains a variety of species and show a vastly differing treatment of the various animals. There are deliberately modified skulls adorned with patterns of red ochre and black sot. But there are some animals which seem to have been dismembered to be cooked or burned at the burial sites, while other animals have been buried intact alongside humans. Using osteological methods and the original research notes from the Scandinavian Joint Expedition I will attempt to create clearer picture of what the Nubian collection consists of and why.
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González, Rossell Amnerys. "Ecología y conservación de la iguana (Cyclura nubila nubila) en Cuba." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/81607.
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Entre los vertebrados más amenazados del planeta se encuentran las iguanas (Iguanidae: Iguaninae) por la pérdida de hábitat, la sobreexplotación, la presencia de especies invasoras y disturbios humanos. El género Cyclura, grupo de grandes lagartos iguánidos, se encuentra distribuido en la región del Caribe a través de las Antillas Mayores, y constituye un elemento conspicuo de la herpetofauna de estos lugares. La iguana cubana (Cyclura nubila nubila) aún es relativamente abundante pero se encuentra evaluada como Vulnerable con una tendencia poblacional al decline y su vulnerabilidad podría incrementarse. En el archipiélago cubano, se encuentra presente en la isla grande de Cuba y en cayos situados al norte y al sur de la isla. Sin embargo, se desconoce si existen diferencias entre los individuos que habitan la isla grande o los cayos. Conocer la existencia de estas diferencias es deseable bajo el marco conceptual de la biología de la conservación, puesto que resulta deseable que las diferentes poblaciones y sus características se protejan y se aplique un manejo diferenciado si fuera el caso, constituyendo lo que se conoce como Unidades de Manejo independientes. Por otro lado, el calentamiento global es inequívoco, evidenciado por cambios meteorológicos y climáticos extremos. Como respuesta a estos cambios ha sido observado que muchas especies han modificado su distribución geográfica, estacionalidad, patrones migratorios, abundancia e interacciones interespecíficas. El presente trabajo de tesis doctoral tiene como objetivos principales analizar la existencia de diferencias poblacionales de la iguana cubana en el archipiélago cubano, y evaluar el efecto potencial del cambio climático sobre la distribución geográfica de esta especie para los años 2050 y 2070, identificando las variables climáticas que más influyen en dicha distribución, las zonas climáticamente idóneas para la especie, y valorando la cobertura que ofrece el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas para la supervivencia de la especie mediante la elaboración de modelos predictivos en diferentes escenarios de cambio climático futuros. Se observó un marcado dimorfismo sexual favorable a los machos, en relación a la longitud hocico-cloaca, el largo de la cabeza y el peso. Se encontraron diferencian entre las poblaciones de cayos y las de Cuba. Los resultados muestran que la extensión del área donde habitan estas poblaciones es un factor que influye en algunas de las medidas corporales como la talla y el peso, y se constató que ambos sexos presentan similares capacidades para reptar, correr y reptar/correr, lo que les permite disponer de similares potencialidades para la utilización de los recursos y el espacio disponible. Los modelos predictivos de distribución mostraron valores de idoneidad climática en una extensión aproximada de 38 720 km2, fundamentalmente en zonas de baja altitud y relativamente cercanas a la costa, lo que representa 37 % de la superficie del archipiélago cubano. La temperatura mínima durante el mes más frío y la temperatura media anual fueron las variables de mayor importancia en el modelo. Los resultados sugieren que las distintas poblaciones descritas de la especie deben protegerse y manejarse de forma diferenciada para lograr su efectiva conservación. Asimismo, el monitoreo de las poblaciones de iguanas en áreas protegidas y fuera de ellas resulta necesario para evaluar los impactos que eventos extremos (incendios o huracanes) o prolongados (actividades humanas), producen en las mismas, así como probar la eficacia de las áreas protegidas en la conservación de la especie. Finalmente se discuten algunas implicaciones de los resultados de este estudio para el manejo de las poblaciones.
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Luffin, Xavier. "Un créole arabe: le kinubi de Mombasa :étude descriptive." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211199.
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Les Nubi, une communauté musulmane répartie principalement entre l'Ouganda, le Kenya et la Tanzanie, sont originaires du Sud du Soudan. Ils sont arrivés à la fin du 19ème siècle en Afrique de l'Est, mais ils sont conservé leurs traditions et surtout leur langue :le kinubi. Il s'agit d'un créole arabe, proche du parler de Juba (Soudan), fortement influencé par le kiswahili (et l'anglais). Le but de cette recherche est de comparer le parler de Mombasa à ceux de Kibera (Kenya) et de Bombo (Ouganda), et d'analyser l'importance et les causes de l'influence du kiswahili sur cette langue, sur le plan du vocabulaire et de la grammaire. The Nubi, a Muslim community living mainly in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania, originate from Southern Sudan, which they left at the end of the 19th century. They kept their traditions alive, as well as their language :the Kinubi. This language is an Arabic based Creole, related to Juba Arabic (Sudan) but strongly influenced by Swahili (and English). Our aim is to compare the Kinubi spoken in Mombasa with the one of Kibera (Kenya) and Bombo (Uganda), and to analyze the way Swahili influences this language, in both vocabulary and grammar, as well as the reasons of this phenomenon.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Arias, Gallegos Walter Lizandro. "Nuria Cortada de Kohan." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102078.
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Rogers, F. Joseph (Frederick Joseph) 1963. "First Nubian National Bank model." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46688.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, February 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-134).
This thesis presents the organizational model of a hypothetical national black bank holding company, the First Nubian National Bank, as an agent of constructive consolidation and enhanced capital market efficiency within the industry of historically black-owned banks (HBBs). In the U.S., the history of slavery, segregation and legal discrimination against African-Americans drove the creation of several parallel service industries for Black consumers who were refused service by whites. Although "Free persons of color" had been involved in banking since the 1600s, the U.S. Congress actually created the Black banking industry by chartering the Freedman's Bank in 1865. The magnitude of Freedman's nationwide failure in 1874 led to the development of a fragmented black banking industry made up of many small, community-based institutions located throughout the southern United States and in most major urban clusters. Between 1888-1930 at least 134 such institutions were founded in the U.S. Today only 55 remain of which 38 are commercial banks. The pace of consolidation has been quickened first by integration, then by significant customer defections to larger, major-market banks, and most recently by the rapidly changing competitive nature of the banking industry. Recently HBBs have been plagued by high transaction costs, unusually high non-interest expense, and little financial innovation. This thesis analyzes how a national bank holding company could resolve these issues by leveraging the cost structure of larger, major market banks to capture synergies and economies. The model can help affiliated HBBs improve their operating efficiency, their delivery of products and services, and the overall performance of their roles as financial intermediaries in the capital market systems of their target communities.
by F. Joseph Rogers.
S.M.
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Hourdin, Jeremy. "Des Pharaons kouchites aux Pharaons saïtes : identités, enjeux et pouvoir dans l’Egypte du VIIe siècle av. J.-C." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30025.
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Les études relatives à l'histoire de la première moitié du VIIe siècle av. J.-C. en Égypte sont encore relativement peu nombreuses. De ce fait, si les grandes lignes historiques sont chronologiquement assez bien établies, les étapes et les différents enjeux le sont quant à eux beaucoup moins.Cette période est marquée en Égypte par un important changement : les pharaons kouchites (de la XXVe dynastie, appelés aussi 'pharaons noirs' ou 'éthiopiens'), qui dominaient alors le pays depuis la fin du VIIIe siècle av. J-C., sont évincés par une nouvelle lignée de souverains d'origine libyenne (la XXVIe dynastie dite saïte), aidée par les invasions répétées de l'Égypte par l'Assyrie. Cette période de transition, d'environ une vingtaine d'années (entre les règnes de Taharqa, 690-664 av. J.-C., et de Psammétique Ier, 664-610 av. J.-C.), constitue ce sujet de recherche doctorale. L'objectif principal est donc d'éclairer de façon plus précise cette époque de transition en identifiant les acteurs principaux (souverains, clergé et dignitaires locaux) mais également les changements politiques, sociaux et culturels qui ont eu lieu. Une nouvelle étude qui prenne en compte les identités de chacun des protagonistes et leurs rapports avec le pouvoir est nécessaire. Il conviendra donc de définir le pouvoir pharaonique (sa nature et son expression notamment), les continuités et les modifications qui se sont opérées avec ce changement dynastique.Pour que cette étude puisse être la plus complète possible, ce sujet nécessite donc un réexamen de la documentation déjà connue par des recherches antérieures mais également la mise en lumière de documents mal connus ou encore ignorésThe first half of the VIIth century BC have been marked in Egypt by an important transition. The Kushite pharaohs (the Nubian 25th dynasty, also named “black Pharaohs”) who dominated the country since the end of the eighth century, were ousted by a northern dynasty of Libyan origin (the 26th or Saite dynasty), in the context of the Assyrian invasions. This period of transition, between the reigns of the Kushite Taharqa (690-664) and the Saite Psamtik I (664-610) is the subject of this doctoral research.During the last few decades, the historical studies about the 25th and 26th dynasties have clarified the main events that marked Egypt and Nubia during this transitional period. If the more important historical events are relatively well known, the stages of the historical changes and the evolution of the pharaonic expression have been less studied.The main objective of this work is to clarify them by identifying the main protagonists (kings, clergy and local dignitaries) but also the political, social and cultural changes. The reign of the king Taharqa, thanks to the important and numerous documents (historical records and monuments) from Egypt and Nubia, constitute an important part of this research. The study of the textual and monumental expressions of Taharqa’s power (especially in Thebes in Egypt, or Kawa and Gebel Barkal in Nubia) and its evolutions in the context of the Assyrian wars, highlight the issues of this historical period. These informations can be completed by the documentation of the Kushite king Tanutamun and the saite Psamtik I
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Sakoutis, Stephanie Joan. "The Origins of Three Meroitic Bronze Oil Lamps in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/47.
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This thesis discusses three bronze oil lamps found in the ancient city of Meroë, in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Scholars have considered the lamps to be imported from Hellenistic Egypt, but careful examination has revealed that the lamps were not imported. The lamps were locally made in Meroë; the materials and technology needed to create bronze lamps were available to Meroitic craftsmen.
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Fogel, Frédérique. "Migrations et identités d'un groupe nubien (Egypte)." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100215.
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Cette thèse propose une analyse de l'articulation entre migrations et identités à travers le cas particulier des nubiens kenuz d'Egypte, en utilisant des sources pluridisciplinaires et les résultats d'une enquête de terrain. La première partie interroge les origines du pays nubien et de ses habitants, et montre comment l'ethnohistoire nubienne pose la migration comme un élément constitutif de l'identité. La deuxième partie traite des relations entre les pratiques migratoires et l'investissement réel et symbolique dans l'espace. La démonstration met en parallèle des différentes phases de l'histoire migratoire nubienne - migration saisonnière, émigration urbaine, expatriation temporaire, déplacement force - et l'expérience migratoire d'un groupe tribal kenzi, afin de dégager l'importance des réseaux et la pérennité des relations entre migrants et sédentaires. La troisième partie est centrée sur les dispositifs de cohésion sociale et spatiale de la tribu mehennab : l'analyse de cette version nubienne du système de parenté arabe - conception de l'origine, segmentaire, mémoire et usage des généalogies, pratique matrimoniales, représentations féminines - montre que l'identité nubienne procède par "nubianisation" des références extérieures. La dernière partie traite des manifestations des identités locales et religieuses à partir des catégories du "proche" et du "lointain". Parallèlement à l'organisation tribale, de nombreuses interactions quotidiennes et rituelles entre les individus et entre les groupes requièrent d'autres formes de mobilisation - communauté, voisinage, réseaux de solidarité. Les représentations et les pratiques religieuses de l'islam nubien renvoient aux modalités particulières de la relation entre le local et l'universel, les migrations réelles et mythiques servant une interprétation endocentréeThis thesis is based on pluridisciplinary data and fieldwork. It analyses the articulation between migrations and identities through the case of the kenuz Nubians of Egypt. The first part examines the origins of the Nubian country and its inhabitants. It shows how Nubian ethno history sets up the migration as a component of identity. The second part deals with the relationships between the migratory practices and the real as well as symbolic investment in space. The demonstration follows the different phases of the Nubian migratory history - seasonal migration, urban emigration, temporary expatriation, forced displacement - in parallel with the migratory experience of a kenzi tribal group, in order to draw the importance of networks as well as the perennially of relationships between migrants and settled peoples. The third part focuses on social and spatial cohesiveness among the mehennag tribe: the analysis of the Nubian version of the "Arab" kinship system - conception of the origin, segmentarity, memory and use of genealogy, marriage practices, women's representations - points out that the construction of Nubian identity is based upon a process of "nubianisation" of external references. The last part deals with the manifestations of local and religious identities, from the categories of the "near" and the "distant". In parallel with the tribal organization, numerous daily and ritual interactions between individuals and between groups request other forms of mobilization - community, vicinity, solidarity networks. Religious representations and practices of Nubian Islam refer to peculiar terms of the relationship between the local and the universal, an endocentric interpretation that is based on real and mythic migrations
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Wellens, Ineke. "The Nubi language of Uganda : an Arabic Creole in Africa /." Leiden : Brill, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40099094p.
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Rottenburg, Richard. "Die Lemwareng-Nuba : Ein Beispeil kultureller Akkreszenz im heutigen Nil-Sudan : Zusammenfassung /." Berlin : Arabische Buch, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37026226f.
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Résumé de: Diss.--Fachbereich Philosophie und Sozialwissenschaften 2--Berlin--Freie Universität, 1987. Titre de soutenance : Ritual und Wildnis : zur Inkorporation der modernen Aussenwelt in den Kosmos der Lemwareng in Südkordofan Sudan.Bibliogr. p. 43-44.
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Osman, Mahgoub Suad. "Les coutumes funéraires en Nubie au Nouvel Empire." Lille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL3A005.
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