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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nuclear energy – European Union countries

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Academic literature on the topic 'Nuclear energy – European Union countries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Nuclear energy – European Union countries"

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Bórawski, Piotr, Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska, Bogdan Klepacki, Lisa Holden, Tomasz Rokicki, and Andrzej Parzonko. "Changes in Gross Nuclear Electricity Production in the European Union." Energies 17, no. 14 (2024): 3554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17143554.

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Economic development requires a constant supply of energy. The utilization of fossil fuels causes environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The effects of fossil fuel use have impacted global warming, which may affect the world. The problem of environmental degradation can be decreased by using renewable energy sources and nuclear energy. The role of nuclear energy is increasing. More than 10% of electric energy is now produced from nuclear energy worldwide. However, the share varies by country. For example, in France, it is 70%, in Slovakia, it is 55%, and in Ukraine, it is 53%. M

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Rochette, Gustavo. "Is the French Nuclear Strategy Lawful Under EU Law? Article 194(2) TFEU and Its Limitations." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 29, Issue 6 (2020): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2020047.

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The Fukushima Daishii nuclear disaster lead countries to change their nuclear approaches changed drastically. Although being a traditionally pronuclear country, France followed this tendency by approving a strategy to reduce its nuclear portfolio. Under European law this development is permitted by the right to right to determine its own energy mix include in Article 194(2) of the Treaty of Functioning of the European Union. However, other European legislation that may influence this decision was not considered. This legislation may limit this right and the policy by itself. This article tries

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Zhang, Albert Jiaxu. "Research on the Impact of Nuclear Energy on the Sustainability of the Global Environment and the Economic Independence." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 39, no. 1 (2023): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/39/20231940.

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This paper will discuss the environmental and economic possibilities of nuclear energy. Under the great international tension created by Ukraine and the Russian War, energy dependence on Russia is becoming a major concern for the European Union. The dependence on energy sources from other countries is an underlying danger to one's own nation's political and Economic health. Nuclear energy, as one of the clean energy sources that can satisfy a nation's requirements both in quality and quantity, is an energy source full of controversy, due to its potential to cause devastating nuclear emissions.

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Drynochkin, Alexey. "PRIORITIES OF THE VISEGRAD COUNTRIES IN CONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR ENERGY." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 32, no. 2 (2023): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran220236472.

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The Visegrad countries, as members of the EU, are implementing a common line to reduce oil and gas supplies from Russia. This is accompanied by a number of problems, since not all B4 countries equally have sufficient energy potential to ensure sustainable economic growth. In this regard, the article discusses the strategic steps and operational measures necessary to eliminate conflicts that arise in the course of the process of replacing Russian energy resources implemented by the Visegrad countries. The state and prospects of cooperation between the Visegrad countries in the field of nuclear

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Simionescu, Mihaela, and Aurelian-Petruş Plopeanu. "Impact of governance quality on pollution in nuclear energy consuming countries in the European Union." Energy Reports 9 (December 2023): 4122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.12.068.

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Yolcular, S. "Hydrogen Production for Energy Use in European Union Countries and Turkey." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 31, no. 15 (2009): 1329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030802089615.

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Lapinskienė, Giedrė, Kęstutis Peleckis, and Marijus Radavičius. "ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." Journal of Business Economics and Management 16, no. 6 (2015): 1109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2015.1112830.

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The paper analyses the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between greenhouse gases and main aspects of economic development based on the panel data of 20 countries of the EU, including the data of three Baltic States, in the period 1995–2011. The fixed effect panel model was used as a framework for the analysis. The commonly used models confirmed the presence of the inverse U-shaped relationship. The novel contribution of this paper is that the factor referring to the global financial crisis was tested in expanded EKC model. Higher energy taxes, primary production of nuclear heat a

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MAGDA, ROBERT, Norbert Bozsik, and Natanya Meyer. "An evaluation of gross inland energy consumption of six Central European countries." Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 6, no. 2 (2019): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v6i2.291.

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The study provides a comprehensive overview of the current structure and utilization of energy production of six Central European countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania) focusing on the dependence on energy imports. The purpose of the article was to analyse the gross inland energy consumption of these six countries and to examine the relationship between renewable energy and non-renewable energy sources. A comparative time series analysis method using data from 2010 to 2016 was utilized. In addition, partial correlation analysis under control variables to de

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Bórawski, Piotr, Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska, Lisa Holden, and Tomasz Rokicki. "The Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Electricity Production in Poland and the Background of Energy Policy of the European Union at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Crisis." Energies 15, no. 22 (2022): 8771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228771.

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Electricity production in Poland is stable and ranges from 160–170 TWH a year. The share of renewable energy sources (RES) is increasing. Poland increased its share from 6.9% in 2010 to 12.7% in 2019 and 16.1% in 2020. The share of hard and brown coal decreased in Poland from 87.8% in 2010 to 73.5% in 2019. Wind energy (9.2%) and natural gas (9.2%) are the most important sources of RES in electricity production. The purpose of this research is to discover the changes in renewable energy production, and the impact on electricity production in Poland. Our research showed the extent of developmen

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Vashchyk, Mariana, and Tomasz Siudek. "Ecological Development of Rural Areas in the European Union Member States in 2000-2012." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 14, no. 4 (2014): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2014.14.4.85.

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The purpose of research was to analyze ecological development in EU countries during 2000-2012. Six primary variables have been applied, namely: the share of forest area in total land area, emissions of sulphur oxides (SOx) in agriculture, emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in agriculture, electric power consumption per capita, the share of alternative and nuclear energy in total energy use and the share of area under organic farming in total agricultural land area. The authors have developed a synthetic index, which enabled the statement that Latvia, Finland, Austria, Sweden and Estonia are l

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nuclear energy – European Union countries"

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Heffron, Raphael James. "Policy for planned nuclear new build in the European Union and the United States." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607891.

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De, Matteis Pietro. "Sino-European energy, environmental and climate change diplomacy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610458.

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Shen, Yan Jia. "Understanding why China increases investment in European Union energy sector." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953581.

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Zhu, Feng. "EU energy policy after the Treaty of Lisbon : breakthroughs, interfaces and opportunity." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580185.

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Palmer, James Robert. "Science and politics in European energy and environmental policy : the wicked problem of biofuels and indirect land-use change (ILUC)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608217.

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BAHMER, Larissa Elisabeth. "Chutes, ladders, snakes and surprises : policy durability and policy flexibility in EU energy and climate governance based on the governance regulation." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/69195.

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Award date: 26 September 2020<br>Supervisor : Professor Joanne Scott (European University Institute)<br>Whether the EU will live up to its leadership ambition in mitigating climate change to no little extent depends on whether the Governance Regulation will prove successful or whether it will add to the list of climate and energy policies which aimed high but performed low. This thesis analyses the legal arrangements of the Governance Regulation as embedded in the EU constitutional and administrative law framework in light of policy durability and policy flexibility, with the aim of assessing

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Topcuoglu, Merve Mehlika. "Energy Indicators For Sustainable Development: Comparison Of Turkey And Selected European Union Countries." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613555/index.pdf.

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The aim of this study is to compare the sustainable development perspective of Turkey with selected European Union countries in terms of Energy Indicators for Sustainable Energy between 1980-2008. The study is conducted in a comparative and descriptive way by using energy indicators. The common energy policy priorities of Turkey and European Union are determined in the light of recent literature. An energy indicator set is constructed according to energy priorities, namely, energy efficiency and energy intensity<br>energy security and fuel mix<br>and environmental concerns. The analysis of rel

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Zhong, Xiao Fei. "China and the EU : competition and cooperation in the Caspian region." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555549.

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Yan, Ya Xue. "Interests & interdependency in Sino-EU renewable energy cooperation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2595814.

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Pourzitakis, Efstratios. "Hedging against energy insecurity: a comparison between China and the EU." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/423.

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The research compares the energy security approaches and strategies of China and the EU since the early 2000's. It examines the nexus between strategies and approaches of the two actors and it seeks to highlight the importance of domestic issues such as energy security governance and domestic politics. In addition, it sheds light to the notion of hedging which has become recently a buzzword among political scientists. Finally, it takes a critical position towards the mainstream dichotomy between strategic and market-based approaches to energy security. Despite their structural differences, Chi

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Books on the topic "Nuclear energy – European Union countries"

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Mazurek, Witold. Oblicza bezpieczeństwa: Miejsce energetyki nuklearnej w bezpieczeństwie energetycznym krajów Unii Europejskiej = Role of nuclear energy production in energy security strategy of European Union member countries. Akademia Ignatianum, 2015.

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Valeria, Bello, and Gebrewold-Tochalo Belachew 1968-, eds. A global security triangle: European, African and Asian interaction. Routledge, 2009.

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European Union. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research. Energy corridors: European Union and Neighbouring countries. EUR-OP, 2007.

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1972-, Aalto Pami, ed. The EU-Rssian energy dialogue: Europe's future energy security. Ashgate, 2007.

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Paasikallio, Outi. The Impact of EU-membership on the development of energy systems in the Baltic countries. Ministry of Trade and Industry of Finland, 1998.

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Larsson, Robert L. Tackling dependency: The EU and its energy security challenges. Division for Defence Analysis, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), 2007.

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Fabrizio, Nocera, ed. The legal regime of nuclear energy: A comprehensive guide to international and European Union law. Intersentia, 2005.

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Michel, Quentin. Sensitive trade: The perspective of European states. P.I.E. Peter Lang, 2011.

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Giovanni, Paoloni, ed. Energia, ambiente, innovazione: Dal CNRN all'ENEA. Laterza, 1992.

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Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General Energy. and Joule-Thermie programme, eds. Financing equipment linked to energy: A guide book for small businesses and small industrial companies. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nuclear energy – European Union countries"

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Matláry, Janne Haaland. "Energy Policies in the EU Countries." In Energy Policy in the European Union. Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25735-5_3.

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Welfens, Paul J. J., Bernd Meyer, Wolfgang Pfaffenberger, Piotr Jasinski, and Andre Jungmittag. "Phasing out Nuclear Energy and Core Elements of Sustainable Energy Strategy." In Energy Policies in the European Union. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04394-3_3.

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Telatar, M. Erdinç, and Nermin Yaşar. "The Convergence of Electricity Prices for European Union Countries." In Regulations in the Energy Industry. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32296-0_4.

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Prabhu, Swati, and Gulshan Sachdeva. "The Nuclear Energy Debate in the European Union." In Challenges in Europe. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1636-4_12.

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Clain, Pascal, Insaf Khelladi, Christophe Rodrigues, Alessandro Biancalani, Guillaume Guerard, and Saeedeh Rezaee Vessal. "Increase Social Acceptability of Nuclear Fusion, Agrivoltaics, and Offshore Wind Through National Support Programmes." In Strengthening European Energy Policy. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66481-6_8.

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Policy HighlightsTo achieve the recommendation stated in the chapter title, we propose the following: Facilitate the establishment of observatories to monitor social acceptability of low-carbon energy technologies at the EU and national levels. Offer technical assistance to help Member States incorporate social acceptability factors into their energy transition strategies. Develop training programmes to integrate social acceptability factors into the design of low-carbon energy projects from the start. Assist countries in managing and resolving disputes and interactions regarding different low

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Vlaskamp, Martijn C. "Looking for Resource Sovereignty in a Fragmenting Global Order: The EU’s Response to Critical Raw Materials Challenges." In The European Union in International Affairs. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64060-5_6.

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AbstractThis chapter examines the European Union's (EU) evolving concerns and strategies regarding critical raw materials (CRMs), which are essential for the renewable energy and digital transitions. The COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical tensions with Russia and China have made the EU aware of the fragility of some of their supply chains. Initially seen mainly as an economic issue, the secure supply of CRMs is now perceived as a geopolitical concern crucial for strategic autonomy. This shift led to the 2024 Critical Raw Materials Act, which includes domestic and external measures such as bila

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Frigola, Pierre. "Combatting Illicit Trafficking of Nuclear Materials: Cooperation Projects Financed by the European Union with Non-Member Countries." In Dismantlement and Destruction of Chemical, Nuclear and Conventional Weapons. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1276-7_27.

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Becker, Torbjörn, and Anders Åslund. "The EU's Dependence on Russian Energy—A Force that Divides or Unites the Union?" In The Borders of the European Union in a Conflictual World. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54200-8_7.

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AbstractThis chapter analyzes how the European Union (EU) and Russia's interdependence has developed with a focus on Russian energy exports to the EU. The main question is whether this will lead to division or greater cohesion in the EU when Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine has forced the EU to reconsider its dependence on Russian energy. The chapter details the different types of energy EU countries imported from Russia and discusses the sanctions implemented by both sides. The effects of sanctions will be felt both in Europe and in Russia in the short term, but in the longer term,

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Djedović, Irfan, Jasna Imamović, Lejla Šehanović, and Nataša Tandir. "Simulating the Effect of Economic Development on the Use of Renewable Energy in Southeast European Union Countries." In New Technologies, Development and Application VII. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66268-3_78.

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Heselhaus, Sebastian. "The Quest for the Future Energy Mix in the EU and in Switzerland." In Swiss Energy Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80787-0_3.

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AbstractSwitzerland and the European Union (EU) face similar challenges when it comes to the decarbonisation and securing of energy supply. Both lack sufficient domestic energy resources, apart from nuclear energy. But nuclear energy has become controversial after the nuclear meltdown accident at Fukushima, Japan, in 2011. Without reconsidering nuclear energy as a future energy resource, the cooperation in the energy market between the EU and Switzerland becomes even more vital for securing energy supply. While in the past, Switzerland has fulfilled an important function in securing energy sup

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Conference papers on the topic "Nuclear energy – European Union countries"

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Stawiarska, Ewa, Joanna Machnik-Slomka, and Elzbieta Pawlowska. "INNOVATION MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROMOBILITY IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s04/30.

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The article describes the model of the innovation management system, which is to be implemented in a group of enterprises and organizations related to the development of electromobility (hab for electromobility). The author of the article identified a research gap in the bibliography (concerning the weak cooperation of various organizations for the development of electromobility). The research gap identified in the literature prompted the formulation of the research problem, i.e.: �Enterprises and organizations cooperate poorly for the development of electromobility innovations�. The following

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Nedzinskiene, Ruta, and Dalia Streimikiene. "DIGITALIZATION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY: LITHUANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF EU." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s13/83.

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To tackle climate change, the European Union has set objectives of low-carbon energy transition and carbon-neutral society creation by 2050. The EU Member States should implement GHG emissions reduction targets through improved energy efficiency and use of the renewables. Digital technologies can help to accelerate this. The digitalization of the energy system is a policy priority and is linked to the European Green Deal and the Digital Decade Policy Programme 2030. Lithuania supports EU ambition to achieve netzero GHG emissions and become climate-neutral by 2050. The aim of the article is to

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Terekhov, Yevhen, Andreas Tuerk, and David Blaettner. "OPTIONS OF EXPORTING HYDROGEN FROM UKRAINE TO THE EU." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/4.2/s16.04.

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In light of the pressing need to achieve climate neutrality in the energy sector, the European Union seeks to identify strategies that will enhance and diversify its green energy supplies. As a renewable energy source, green hydrogen promises to offer a viable alternative to fossil fuels where green electricity may be insufficient or inaccessible. This is why the production and supply of this innovative energy carrier is becoming a significant focus in EU politics and research. This article examines and compares promising opportunities for supplying green hydrogen to the EU, particularly to co

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Guseva, Tatiana, Svetlana Panova, Yana Molchanova, Olga Sergienko, and Chirag Bhimani. "BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.04.

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The article considers challenges and opportunities of Best Available Techniques (BAT) in the food industry, analysing cases of intensive poultry rearing and milk production. Authors emphasise that the food industry is one of the primary sectors of the world economy. According to The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, by 2050, a 70% increase in world production will be required to meet the needs of the planets expected 10 billion population. The authors discuss the potential for further development of the sector applying BAT principles, including approaches to reduce energ

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Martin, Oliver, Antonio Ballesteros, Christiane Bruynooghe, and Michel Bie`th. "Research Activities in the European Union on Ageing Management for Long Term Operation of Nuclear Power Plants." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25678.

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The energy supply of the future in the EU will be a mix of renewable, fossil and nuclear. There are 145 nuclear power reactors in operation in 15 out of the 27 EU countries, with installed power ∼132 GWe. The age distribution of current nuclear power plants in EU is such that in 2010 most of them will have passed 20-years and approximately 25% of them 30 years of age. The decrease of energy supply from nuclear generated electricity can not always be compensated in a reliable and economical way within a short time span. For this situation utilities may be keen to upgrade the reactor output and

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Deffrennes, Marc, Michel Hugon, Panagiotis Manolatos, Georges Van Goethem, and Simon Webster. "Euratom Research Framework Programme on Reactor Systems." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89502.

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The activities of the European Commission (EC) in the field of nuclear energy are governed by the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM). The research activities of the European Union (EU) are designed as multi-annual Framework Programmes (FP). The EURATOM 6th Framework Programme (EURATOM FP-6), covering the period 2002–2006, is funded with a budget of 1, 230 million Euros and managed by the European Commission. Beyond the general strategic goal of the EURATOM Framework Programmes to help exploit the potential of nuclear energy, in a safe and sustainable manner, FP-

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Wang, Hewu, and Minggao Ouyang. "Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Development in China Towards 2020." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74133.

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Hydrogen is one of the perfect selections of clean end-use energy carriers due to the near zero pollution from hydrogen fuel cell. The hydrogen can be produced from all primary energy such as coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, and renewable energy (wind power, solar energy). It is a long term for the transition from the traditional fuel and power technology to hydrogen and fuel cell power technology, and some of the countries such as USA, Canada, Japan, EU (Europe Union), have made their plans or roadmaps into the hydrogen economy according to their own development and technology background. B

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Narin, Müslüme, and Younes Gholizadeh. "Comparing the European Union and Turkey's Renewable Energy Policies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02155.

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European Union countries (EU), because they have to import a large portion of the consumed energy, on the one hand are trying to develop effective energy consumption, and on the other hand to increase their share of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption. In this context, the European Commission, published "2017 Progress Report" about renewable energy sources in the framework of EU 2020 Renewable Energy Targets". In this report, it is indicated that the share of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption has been increased to 16,4% and with regards to renewable energy s

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Piwowar, Arkadiusz. "The Level of Energy Poverty in Poland Compared to other European Union Countries." In Hradec Economic Days 2021, edited by Jan Maci, Petra Maresova, Krzysztof Firlej, and Ivan Soukal. University of Hradec Kralove, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2021-01-064.

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Ballı, Esra, and Gülçin Güreşçi Pehlivan. "Economic Effects of European Neighborhood Policy on Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00777.

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After the fifth enlargement of European Union in 2004 and with the expansion of European Unions borders and new neighbors, it became one of the important policies to provide security, stability and prosperity, and develop relationship between neighborhood countries. Although, enlargement process provide some opportunities to the member states of European Union, it brings about some difficulties. The differences at the life standards, environment, public health, prevention and combating organized crime between European Union and neighbor countries caused to create new policies. European Neighbo

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Reports on the topic "Nuclear energy – European Union countries"

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Park, Cyn-Young, Yuya Yamamoto, and Maria Anne Lorraine Doong. European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Economic Impact and Implications for Asia. Asian Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf230561-2.

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This brief assesses the impact of the European Union’s carbon tariffs on energy-intensive exports from Asia and the Pacific and shows how upgrading product value, boosting energy efficiency, and cutting emissions can help mitigate its effect. It explains how the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is designed to prevent carbon leakage–where industries shift to countries with less stringent environmental rules. Providing a regional breakdown, the brief shows how sectors including Indian steel and Georgian fertilizer are among those hit. It outlines how steps such as developing and integra

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Sus, Monika, Cornelius Adebah, and Angel Saz-Carranza. 10 Recommendations to Make the European Union a Stronger Global Actor. EsadeGeo. Center for Global Economy and Geopolitics, 2024. https://doi.org/10.56269/202406/ms.

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Following the European Parliament elections in June, a new EU leadership will take the helm to navigate the Union through an array of significant challenges. The EU faces an unprecedented combination of external threats: Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the growing influences of Russia and China in the EU’s neighbourhood; the repercussions of the Israel-Gaza war; the Union’s economic, energy, and military dependencies and exposure to climate change; the rise of right-wing authoritarianism across many countries in Europe and its neighbourhood; and the uncertainty of the United States

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Saalman, Lora. Navigating Chinese–Russian Nuclear and Space Convergence and Divergence. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/rxgl6272.

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Following the release of a China–Russia joint statement in February 2022, analysts have argued that the two countries have become strategically aligned. While both share security concerns and even use similar terminology on ‘active defence’, the manner in which they address these concerns and operationalize these concepts is not the same—at least not yet. When applied to nuclear deterrence, the Chinese version of active defence suggests retaliatory action against a nuclear attack while the Russian version indicates pre-emption in the face of either non-nuclear or nuclear aggression. In terms o

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Ahairwe, Pamella Eunice. The EIB Group Climate Bank Roadmap 2021-2025: What does it mean for developing countries? European Centre for Development Policy Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc013.

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The decade ahead is a critical one for long-term global sustainability. It presents an indispensable opportunity for the world to stimulate a recovery from COVID-19 while addressing the climate crisis. For developing countries with limited fiscal space, which has been constrained further by the pandemic, addressing the climate catastrophe requires ample external financial support. Mandated by the European Commission, the European Investment Bank (EIB) provides finance to developing countries to help them address climate change, while fostering the EU’s external objectives. It has launched ambi

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Baldessari, Gianni, Oliver Bender, Domenico Branca, et al. Smart Altitude. Edited by Annemarie Polderman, Andreas Haller, Chiara Pellegrini, et al. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/smart-altitude.

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This final report summarizes the outcomes of the Smart Altitude project. The Smart Altitude project ran from June 2018 to April 2021 and was carried out by ten partners from six different countries in the Alpine Space (Austria, France, Italy, Germany, Slovenia, and Switzerland). The project was co-financed by the European Union via Interreg Alpine Space. The aim of the project was to enable and accelerate the implementation of low-carbon policies in winter tourism regions by demonstrating the efficiency of a step-by-step decision support tool for energy transition in four Living Labs. The proj

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Kirsten, Ingrid, and Mara Zarka. Balancing the Three Pillars of the NPT: How can Promoting Peaceful Uses Help? Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/shzz2322.

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The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is the cornerstone of the non-proliferation regime and the centrepiece of global efforts to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and further the goal of general and complete nuclear disarmament. Although there is no implementation body for the NPT, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been entrusted with key verification responsibilities under Article III of the treaty, where it plays an important role in achieving the objectives under Article IV to foster international cooperation for peaceful uses

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Abassy, Malgorzata, and Weronika Krupa. Sino-Russo-Iranian Tech Cooperation as Threat for the EU: Systemic Approach. EuroHub4Sino, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31175/eh4s.3c7e.

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The strategic convergence between Russia, Iran, and China poses a growing systemic threat to the European Union. Despite differing regional agendas, these three powers are increasingly aligned in key areas such as cybersecurity, military technology transfers, intelligence cooperation, and disinformation campaigns. Their coordinated efforts undermine the EU’s critical infrastructure, weaken its strategic autonomy, and erode trust in democratic institutions by targeting sectors such as energy, finance, healthcare, and electoral integrity. Although the EU has implemented sanctions and reinforced

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Chepeliev, Maksym, Thomas Hertel, and Dominique van der Mensbrugghe. Cutting Russia’s Fossil Fuel Exports: Short-Term Pain for Long-Term Gain. GTAP Working Paper, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp91.

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In response to the invasion of Ukraine, most OECD countries have announced punishing sanctions against Russia. In addition to targeting financial markets and service sectors, some countries have begun to impose restrictions on exports of Russia’s fossil fuels. In this paper, we analyze a scenario whereby most OECD countries put major restrictions on Russia’s energy exports. Results suggest that the short-term implications are likely to be non-trivial for EU – Russia’s largest energy export destination. Households’ real income could drop by 0.7-1.7 percent (relative to the reference case) with

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Grander, Martin, and Marja Elsinga. Good news for the squeezed middle?: EU’s new housing commissioner, state aid and housing systems in Sweden and the Netherlands. Malmö University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178776030.

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In October 2024, the European Union announced its first commissioner with direct responsibility for housing, as Dan Jørgensen was appointed the EU Commissioner for Energy and Housing. The reactions were mixed. While some voices were positive about the increased focus on affordable housing and the possibility for the EU to support member states in tackling the housing crisis, concerns were raised about the EU interfering in an issue which by nature is national and local. This paper investigates the possible consequences of renewed EU interference in the housing markets in Sweden and the Netherl

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Monetary Policy Report - July 2022. Banco de la República, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr3-2022.

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In the second quarter, annual inflation (9.67%), the technical staff’s projections and its expectations continued to increase, remaining above the target. International cost shocks, accentuated by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, have been more persistent than projected, thus contributing to higher inflation. The effects of indexation, higher than estimated excess demand, a tighter labor market, inflation expectations that continue to rise and currently exceed 3%, and the exchange rate pressures add to those described above. High core inflation measures as well as in the producer price index (PPI

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