Journal articles: 'Nuclear environments'

1

Samaras, M., and M. Victoria. "Modelling in nuclear energy environments." Materials Today 11, no. 12 (2008): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(08)70253-0.

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Pearce, J. V., M. de Podesta, C. J. Elliott, and G. Machin. "Improving Temperature Sensing in Nuclear Environments." Measurement and Control 45, no. 2 (2012): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029401204500205.

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Fernandes, Ana, Rita C. Pereira, Jorge Sousa, et al. "FPGA Remote Update for Nuclear Environments." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 63, no. 3 (2016): 1645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2016.2559478.

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Paleologos, Evan K., Abdel-Mohsen O. Mohamed, and Kosmas Pavlopoulos. "Geologic environments for nuclear waste repositories." MATEC Web of Conferences 120 (2017): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201712006003.

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Moynier, Frédéric, Toshiyuki Fujii, Gregory A. Brennecka, and Sune G. Nielsen. "Nuclear field shift in natural environments." Comptes Rendus Geoscience 345, no. 3 (2013): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2013.01.004.

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Homsy, A., V. Linder, F. Lucklum, and N. F. de Rooij. "Magnetohydrodynamic pumping in nuclear magnetic resonance environments." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 123, no. 1 (2007): 636–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2006.09.026.

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Wright, Thomas, Andrew West, Mauro Licata, Nick Hawes, and Barry Lennox. "Simulating Ionising Radiation in Gazebo for Robotic Nuclear Inspection Challenges." Robotics 10, no. 3 (2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics10030086.

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The utilisation of robots in hazardous nuclear environments has potential to reduce risk to humans. However, historical use has been largely limited to specific missions rather than broader industry-wide adoption. Testing and verification of robotics in realistic scenarios is key to gaining stakeholder confidence but hindered by limited access to facilities that contain radioactive materials. Simulations offer an alternative to testing with actual radioactive sources, provided they can readily describe the behaviour of robotic systems and ionising radiation within the same environment. This work presents a quick and easy way to generate simulated but realistic deployment scenarios and environments which include ionising radiation, developed to work within the popular robot operating system compatible Gazebo physics simulator. Generated environments can be evolved over time, randomly or user-defined, to simulate the effects of degradation, corrosion or to alter features of certain objects. Interaction of gamma radiation sources within the environment, as well as the response of simulated detectors attached to mobile robots, is verified against the MCNP6 Monte Carlo radiation transport code. The benefits these tools provide are highlighted by inclusion of three real-world nuclear sector environments, providing the robotics community with opportunities to assess the capabilities of robotic systems and autonomous functionalities.

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Ukai, Shigeharu, and Masayuki Fujiwara. "Perspective of ODS alloys application in nuclear environments." Journal of Nuclear Materials 307-311 (December 2002): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(02)01043-7.

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Scozzie, C. J., J. M. McGarrity, J. Blackburn, and W. M. DeLancey. "Silicon carbide FETs for high temperature nuclear environments." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 43, no. 3 (1996): 1642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.507163.

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Garnov, V. V., and A. A. Spivak. "Deformation of Block Environments in Underground Nuclear Explosions." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 40, no. 6 (2004): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:cesw.0000048268.75769.68.

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Horn, K. M., W. A. Lanford, K. Rodbell, and P. Ficalora. "Nuclear reaction analysis for hydrogen in nonvacuum environments." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 26, no. 4 (1987): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(87)90543-x.

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Li, L., Q. Wang, A. Bari, et al. "FIELD TEST OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK IN THE NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT." AECL Nuclear Review 3, no. 01 (2014): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12943/anr.2014.00023.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are appealing options for the health monitoring of nuclear power plants due to their low cost and flexibility. Before they can be used in highly regulated nuclear environments, their reliability in the nuclear environment and compatibility with existing devices have to be assessed. In situ electromagnetic interference tests, wireless signal propagation tests, and nuclear radiation hardness tests conducted on candidate WSN systems at AECL Chalk River Labs are presented. The results are favourable to WSN in nuclear applications.

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Mól, Antônio Carlos A., Carlos Alexandre F. Jorge, Pedro M. Couto, Silas C. Augusto, Gerson G. Cunha, and Luiz Landau. "Virtual environments simulation for dose assessment in nuclear plants." Progress in Nuclear Energy 51, no. 2 (2009): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2008.04.003.

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Fan, X., S. E. Fayer, and G. Gabrielse. "Gaseous 3He nuclear magnetic resonance probe for cryogenic environments." Review of Scientific Instruments 90, no. 8 (2019): 083107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5099379.

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Sawan, M. E. "Transmutation of Tungsten in Fusion and Fission Nuclear Environments." Fusion Science and Technology 66, no. 1 (2014): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst13-717.

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Tsekouras, Konstantinos, Amanda P. Siegel, Richard N. Day, and Steve Pressé. "Inferring Diffusion Dynamics from FCS in Heterogeneous Nuclear Environments." Biophysical Journal 109, no. 1 (2015): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2015.05.035.

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Huang, F. H. "Container materials in environments of corroded spent nuclear fuel." Journal of Nuclear Materials 231, no. 1-2 (1996): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(96)00366-2.

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18

Greenhill, L. J. "Masers in AGN environments." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S242 (2007): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307013439.

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AbstractGalactic nuclei are well known sources of OH and H2O maser emission. It appears that intense star formation in ultra-luminous infrared galaxies drives most OH sources. In contrast, nuclear activity appears to drive most H2O sources. When H2O emission originates in accretion disk structures, constrained geometry and dynamics enable robust interpretation of spectroscopic and imaging data. The principal science includes study of AGN geometry at parsec and sub-parsec radii and measurement of geometric distances in the Hubble Flow. New high accuracy estimates of the “Hubble constant, H○” obtained from maser distances may enable new substantively improved constraints on fundamental cosmological parameters (e.g., dark energy).

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MacKenty, John W., Brian McLean, and Caroline Simpson. "The Environments of Markarian Galaxies." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 124 (1990): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100005042.

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The extensively studied Markarian sample of 1500 ultraviolet excess galaxies contains many Seyfert, starburst, and peculiar galaxies. Using the 20 minute V plates obtained for the construction of the Hubble Space Telescope Guide Star Catalog, we have investigated the morphologies of the Markarian galaxies and the environments in which they are located. This paper reports on the relationship between the types of nuclear activity and the morphologies and environments of the Markarian galaxies.

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Hughes, Niav, and Amy D’Agostino. "Gathering Meaningful Data From Novices and or in Simplified Operating Environments to Inform Us About Highly Complex Operational Environments." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (2016): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601011.

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Much of the basis for current U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Human Factors Engineering (HFE) guidance comes from data from other domains (e.g. aviation, defense), qualitative data from operational experience in NPPs, and a limited amount from empirical studies in a nuclear environment. A simulator is one tool that can be used to gather more empirical nuclear specific human performance data. Although this may seem like a simple undertaking, getting trained operators for human-performance testing can be very challenging. In addition, when operators can be secured for human performance testing the operator sample is quite small, allowing for only qualitative analysis or limited quantitative analysis. Thus, the NRC initiated research to determine: 1) if novices can successfully perform realistic operator tasks, 2) if a simulator can create a cognitively similar environment to that which NPP operators face, and if 1 and 2 are successful, 3) how the resulting performance data can be used and interpreted. For our research, we determined that the environment needed to be simplified in such a way that would induce participants to experience both the complexity and cognitive requirements incurred by trained operators. In other words, the methodological approach adhered to the principal of different but equal; the roles, procedures and interface are different, but they are different in such a way that is controlled and meant to induce the same type of cognition and level of workload that would be experienced by an operator population. The simplification of the NPP environment has been very challenging and there have been many lessons learned. The panelists are challenged to make recommendations for investigators for best practices for gathering meaningful data from novices and or in simplified operating environments to inform us about highly complex operational environments. Some discussion questions relevant to this topic include: What type of research questions should we ask of the novice population? How can we use the data in a meaningful way? What type of research questions should be avoided with this population? How can we use novices to inform us about the “human” (not the trained operator) piece of performance? How can we simplify operational environments and still gain valuable data and insights? How can we use a trained operator population in these simplified environments?

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Flanagan, R., LJ Brandt, MR Deinert, and AG Osborne. "DETECTING NUCLEAR MATERIALS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS USING MOBILE SENSOR NETWORKS." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 16003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124716003.

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Radiation detectors installed at major ports of entry are a key component of the overall strategy to protect countries from nuclear terrorism. While the goal of deploying these systems is to intercept special nuclear material as it enters the country, no detector system is fool proof. Mobile, distributed sensors have been proposed to detect nuclear materials in transit should portal monitors fail to prevent their entry in the first place. In large metropolitan areas a mobile distributed sensor network could be deployed using vehicle platforms such as taxis, Ubers and Lyfts which are already connected to communications infrastructure. However, the potential geographic coverage that could be achieved using a network of sensors mounted on commercial passenger vehicles has not been established. Here we evaluate how a mobile sensor network could perform in New York City using a combination of radiation transport and Geographic Information Systems. The Geographic Information System QGIS is used in conjunction with OpenStreetMap data to isolate roads and construct a grid over the streets. Vehicle paths are built using pickup and drop off data from Uber, and data from the New York State Department of Transportation.

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Flanagan, Robert, Logan Brandt, Andrew Osborne, and Mark Deinert. "Detecting Nuclear Materials in Urban Environments Using Mobile Sensor Networks." Sensors 21, no. 6 (2021): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062196.

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Radiation detectors installed at major ports of entry are a key component of the overall strategy to protect countries from nuclear terrorism. While the goal of deploying these systems is to intercept special nuclear material as it enters the country, no detector system is foolproof. Mobile, distributed sensors have been proposed to detect nuclear materials in transit should portal monitors fail to prevent their entry in the first place. In large metropolitan areas, a mobile distributed sensor network could be deployed using vehicle platforms such as taxis, Ubers, and Lyfts, which are already connected to communications infrastructure. However, performance and coverage that could be achieved using a network of sensors mounted on commercial passenger vehicles has not been established. Here, we evaluate how a mobile sensor network could perform in New York City using a combination of radiation transport and geographic information systems. The geographic information system is used in conjunction with OpenStreetMap data to isolate roads and construct a grid over the streets. Vehicle paths are built using pickup and drop off data from Uber, and from the New York State Department of Transportation. The results show that the time to first detection increases with source velocity, decreases with the number of mobile detectors, and reaches a plateau that depends on the strength of the source.

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23

Salzmann, D., and M. Hass. "Deuterium-deuterium nuclear cross-sections in insulator and metallic environments." European Physical Journal A 36, no. 3 (2008): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2008-10598-1.

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Bhirde, Ashwinkumar A., Ankur Kapoor, Gang Liu, et al. "Nuclear Mapping of Nanodrug Delivery Systems in Dynamic Cellular Environments." ACS Nano 6, no. 6 (2012): 4966–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn300516g.

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25

Felker, K. G., A. R. Siegel, and S. F. Siegel. "Optimizing Memory Constrained Environments in Monte Carlo Nuclear Reactor Simulations." International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 27, no. 2 (2012): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342012445627.

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26

Smith, Richard, Elisa Cucco, and Colin Fairbairn. "Robotic Development for the Nuclear Environment: Challenges and Strategy." Robotics 9, no. 4 (2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics9040094.

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Improvements in robotics and artificial intelligence have enabled robotics to be developed for use in a nuclear environment. However, the harsh environment and dangerous nature of the tasks pose several challenges in deploying robots. There may be some unique requirements for a nuclear application that a commercial system does not meet, such as radiation effects, the needs remote maintenance and deployment constraints. This paper reviews the main challenges that robots need to face to be deployed in a nuclear environment, examines the development and assessment processes required in the nuclear industry, and highlights the assistance that is available for developers. Due to comparable environments and operating restrictions, the development process employed by the nuclear industry has a similar structure as that employed by NASA and the ESA for space exploration. The nuclear industry has introduced a number of development support programs, such as Innovate and Game Changers, to fund and mentor developers through the initial design stages to proving viability in a representative independently assessed test environment. Robust and reliable technologies, which may also have application beyond the original nuclear application, are being successfully developed and tested, enabling robotics in making nuclear operations safer and more efficient. Additional development sources are given in the text.

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Bleidorn, Wiebke, Anke Hufer, Christian Kandler, Christopher J. Hopwood, and Rainer Riemann. "A Nuclear Twin Family Study of Self–Esteem." European Journal of Personality 32, no. 3 (2018): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2136.

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Twin studies suggest that both genes and environments influence the emergence and development of individual differences in self–esteem. However, different lines of research have emphasized either the role of genes or of environmental influences in shaping self–esteem, and the pathways through which genes and environments exert their influence on self–esteem remain largely unclear. In this study, we used nationally representative data from over 2000 German twin families and a nuclear twin family design (NTFD) to further our understanding of the genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in self–esteem. Compared with classical twin designs, NTFDs allow for finer–grained descriptions of the genetic and environmental influences on phenotypic variation, produce less biased estimates of those effects, and provide more information about different environmental influences and gene–environment correlation that contribute to siblings’ similarity. Our NTFD results suggested that additive and non–additive genetic influences contributed to individual differences in self–esteem as well as environmental influences that are both shared and not shared by twins. The shared environmental component mostly reflected non–parental influences. These findings highlight the increased sensitivity afforded by NTFDs but also remaining limitations that need to be addressed by future behavioural genetic work on the sources of self–esteem. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Cox, Brad. "Tropical Pacific Island Environments." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 4 (1998): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980370.

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The Pacific island region comprises a large and ecologically diverse area of the Earth, but is fragile and highly sensitive to environmental change. On some islands 80% or more of the species are endemic. These species are particularly vulnerable due to their geographic and ecological isolation. It is an area where local cultures conflict with Western development, leading to a myriad of environmental and social problems. Impacts affecting the Pacific islands include international mining, rising sea levels, land degradation, logging, toxic waste contamination of land and ocean, and contamination from nuclear testing. The extent of these problems has yet to gain international attention. Low education and communication standards in the region mean that many of the local people are not aware of environmental problems. Island governments have little political will to legislate to protect the environment. An exception is the Sustainable Development Bill that has been drafted recently in Fiji.

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Hashimoto, Shusa, and Tadashi Nihei. "Environmental Evaluation of Control Rooms in Nuclear Power Plants." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 7 (1992): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203600705.

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In recent years, it has been expected more than before that the indoor environment of control rooms in nuclear power plants will be made more comfortable without inhibiting function. In order to derive the environmental problems of control rooms in nuclear power plants that should be discussed, the design standards and operators' complaints were investigated. As a result, some problems such as unsuitable lighting, noisy acostics and operators' dissatisfaction with thier enclosed circumstances were derived. In order to improve the indoor environments and to establish comprehensive environmental evaluation methodology, experiments on environmental factors such as indoor view, noise level, glare on VDU and shift time-zone that were thought to be related to the above problems were conducted. 6 subjects' psychological, physiological and behavioral responses to thier environments were measured in the environmentally changeable laboratory, which was mocked up like a control room. Subjects were imposed to do 2 kinds of VDU tasks. From Principal Component Analysis of the experimental results, some psychological, physiological and behavioral indices for evaluating indoor environments were obtained. Furthermore, the relationship between these indices and environmental factors was obtained by Multiple Regression Analysis. The multiple correlation values shows that the environmental factors were most reflected in the psychological evaluation indices. However, other indices are also important because psychological comfort does not always mean good physiological conditions or good task performance. The space functions of the room as a control room and operator's physicological condition should be considered for comprehensive environmental evaluation. The result shows that the introduction of darkgreen louver, potted plants/artificial window and noise reduction are desirable in control rooms.

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Howard, Timothy R., and Ileana M. Cristea. "Interrogating Host Antiviral Environments Driven by Nuclear DNA Sensing: A Multiomic Perspective." Biomolecules 10, no. 12 (2020): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10121591.

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Nuclear DNA sensors are critical components of the mammalian innate immune system, recognizing the presence of pathogens and initiating immune signaling. These proteins act in the nuclei of infected cells by binding to foreign DNA, such as the viral genomes of nuclear-replicating DNA viruses herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Upon binding to pathogenic DNA, the nuclear DNA sensors were shown to initiate antiviral cytokines, as well as to suppress viral gene expression. These host defense responses involve complex signaling processes that, through protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and post-translational modifications (PTMs), drive extensive remodeling of the cellular transcriptome, proteome, and secretome to generate an antiviral environment. As such, a holistic understanding of these changes is required to understand the mechanisms through which nuclear DNA sensors act. The advent of omics techniques has revolutionized the speed and scale at which biological research is conducted and has been used to make great strides in uncovering the molecular underpinnings of DNA sensing. Here, we review the contribution of proteomics approaches to characterizing nuclear DNA sensors via the discovery of functional PPIs and PTMs, as well as proteome and secretome changes that define a host antiviral environment. We also highlight the value of and future need for integrative multiomic efforts to gain a systems-level understanding of DNA sensors and their influence on epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations during infection.

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Ueno, Fumiyoshi. "Ⅳ. Electrochemical Measurements in Various Environments―Nuclear Power Plant I （Electrochemical Measurement in Nuclear Power Plant）―." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 68, no. 1 (2019): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr.68.2.

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Wang, Pengbo, Marcel Dreger, Elena Madrazo, et al. "WDR5 modulates cell motility and morphology and controls nuclear changes induced by a 3D environment." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 34 (2018): 8581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719405115.

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Cell migration through extracellular matrices requires nuclear deformation, which depends on nuclear stiffness. In turn, chromatin structure contributes to nuclear stiffness, but the mechanosensing pathways regulating chromatin during cell migration remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5), an essential component of H3K4 methyltransferase complexes, regulates cell polarity, nuclear deformability, and migration of lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo, independent of transcriptional activity, suggesting nongenomic functions for WDR5. Similarly, depletion of RbBP5 (another H3K4 methyltransferase subunit) promotes similar defects. We reveal that a 3D environment increases the H3K4 methylation dependent on WDR5 and results in a globally less compacted chromatin conformation. Further, using atomic force microscopy, nuclear particle tracking, and nuclear swelling experiments, we detect changes in nuclear mechanics that accompany the epigenetic changes induced in 3D conditions. Indeed, nuclei from cells in 3D environments were softer, and thereby more deformable, compared with cells in suspension or cultured in 2D conditions, again dependent on WDR5. Dissecting the underlying mechanism, we determined that actomyosin contractility, through the phosphorylation of myosin by MLCK (myosin light chain kinase), controls the interaction of WDR5 with other components of the methyltransferase complex, which in turn up-regulates H3K4 methylation activation in 3D conditions. Taken together, our findings reveal a nongenomic function for WDR5 in regulating H3K4 methylation induced by 3D environments, physical properties of the nucleus, cell polarity, and cell migratory capacity.

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Utz, Marcel, and Reza Monazami. "Nuclear magnetic resonance in microfluidic environments using inductively coupled radiofrequency resonators." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 198, no. 1 (2009): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2009.01.028.

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34

Gao, Zhiming, Zeqing Wang, Yinghao Sun, et al. "Passivity degradation of nuclear materials in reduced sulfur environments: A review." Transactions of Tianjin University 22, no. 3 (2016): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12209-016-2811-y.

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Lee, Tae Joon, Kyung Hee Lee, and Keun-Bae Oh. "Strategic environments for nuclear energy innovation in the next half century." Progress in Nuclear Energy 49, no. 5 (2007): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2007.05.002.

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Luna, R. E., K. B. Sorenson, W. Brücher, G. Pretzsch, and O. Loiseau. "Response of nuclear materials in storage and transport to malevolent environments." Packaging, Transport, Storage & Security of Radioactive Material 22, no. 3 (2011): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1746510911y.0000000014.

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Basrur, Rajesh. "Brokering peace in nuclear environments: U.S. crisis management in south Asia." International Affairs 95, no. 3 (2019): 744–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz071.

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Karasawa, Shigeru, Yoshinori Hatori, Tatsuo Takada, Takao Sakai, and Kiyoshi Shibuya. "Fiber Optic Signal Attenuation by Secondary Ionizing Radiation in Nuclear Environments." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 34, no. 5 (1987): 1105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.1987.4334811.

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Yadav, Dev Kumar, Janifer Raj Xavier, Om Prakash Chauhan, Prakash Eknath Patki, and Rakesh Kumar Sharma. "Nutritional Intervention during Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Environments A Dietary Perspective." Defence Life Science Journal 4, no. 2 (2019): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.4.12766.

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The future war scenario is based on use and applications of various conventional and non-convectional agents which includes weaponised or non-weaponised chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN), toxic industrial materials, direct energy devices/ weapons, and or high yield explosives. These include nerve agents, blood agents, vesicants or skin blistering agents, lung irritants, asphyxiants or choking agents. Biological weapons are basically disease causing microorganisms and other replicating entities including viruses, infectious nucleic acids and prions. These agents have ability to infect host and are highly virulent, pathogenic and dangerous in nature. The interface between ammunitions and above agents is soldier whose physical and mental health is affected as enough precautionary measures are not adopted. The reducing environment thus created has various agents which enter into exposed body and lead to mild to serious damage to various vital parts of the human body. As food is important component for survival and intrinsic to basic human nutrition and health, therefore, it is imperative to develop certain kind of a wholesome meal system which can be consumed by the soldiers tasked with combating CBRN situations during such operations. Such meals can be in the form of solid or liquid type and packaged in suitable delivery system, compatible and amenable with the CBRN suit. Food can be contaminated during CBRN conditions by coming in direct or indirect contact with CBRN agents. Therefore, the food materials to be used under such conditions need to be protected in suitable coverings as consumption of contaminated food can be lethal. Designer meal for CBRN environment is not only suitable for soldiers but also to all human interface dealing with similar scenario viz. the low intensity conflicts and surgical operations, nuclear submarines, cosmonauts, pilots, individuals handling radiation equipment and patient undergoing chemotherapy for cancer.

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Altobelli, Alessandro, Ozan Tokatli, Guy Burroughes, and Robert Skilton. "Optimal Grasping Pose Synthesis in a Constrained Environment." Robotics 10, no. 1 (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics10010004.

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In the last few decades, several approaches have been presented to accomplish tasks with robots or autonomous systems in a glovebox; nevertheless, in nuclear facilities, risky operations are still executed by humans that guarantee a high manipulation capability and dexterity. Inside the gloveboxes, robotic devices have to operate in cluttered environments, or environments with limited space for movement; therefore, it is of significant interest to identify grasping poses that are feasible within such constrained environments. In this paper, we present and experimentally evaluate a strategy to synthesise optimal grasps considering geometric primitives for a manipulation systems in a constrained environment. The novel strategy has been experimentally evaluated in a cluttered environment (as a glovebox mock-up) with realistic objects, and the efficacy of the proposed grasping algorithm is proposed.

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Groves, Keir, Emili Hernandez, Andrew West, Thomas Wright, and Barry Lennox. "Robotic Exploration of an Unknown Nuclear Environment Using Radiation Informed Autonomous Navigation." Robotics 10, no. 2 (2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020078.

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This paper describes a novel autonomous ground vehicle that is designed for exploring unknown environments which contain sources of ionising radiation, such as might be found in a nuclear disaster site or a legacy nuclear facility. While exploring the environment, it is important that the robot avoids radiation hot spots to minimise breakdowns. Broken down robots present a real problem: they not only cause the mission to fail but they can block access routes for future missions. Until now, such robots have had no autonomous gamma radiation avoidance capabilities. New software algorithms are presented that allow radiation measurements to be converted into a format in which they can be integrated into the robot’s navigation system so that it can actively avoid receiving a high radiation dose during a mission. An unmanned ground vehicle was fitted with a gamma radiation detector and an autonomous navigation package that included the new radiation avoidance software. The full system was evaluated experimentally in a complex semi-structured environment that contained two radiation sources. In the experiment, the robot successfully identified both sources and avoided areas that were found to have high levels of radiation while navigating between user defined waypoints. This advancement in the state-of-the-art has the potential to deliver real benefit to the nuclear industry, in terms of both increased chance of mission success and reduction of the reliance on human operatives to perform tasks in dangerous radiation environments.

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Sunny, Ali Imam, Aobo Zhao, Li Li, and Sambu Kanteh Kanteh Sakiliba. "Low-Cost IoT-Based Sensor System: A Case Study on Harsh Environmental Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 1 (2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010214.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are promising technologies for exploiting in harsh environments such as can be found in the nuclear industry. Nuclear storage facilities can be considered harsh environments in that, amongst other variables, they can be dark, congested, and have high gamma radiation levels, which preclude operator access. These conditions represent significant challenges to sensor reliability, data acquisition and communications, power supplies, and longevity. Installed monitoring of parameters such as temperature, pressure, radiation, humidity, and hydrogen content within a nuclear facility may offer significant advantages over current baseline measurement options. This paper explores Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components to comprise an installed Internet of Things (IoT)-based multipurpose monitoring system for a specific nuclear storage situation measuring hydrogen concentration and temperature. This work addresses two major challenges of developing an installed remote sensing monitor for a typical nuclear storage scenario to detect both hydrogen concentrations and temperature: (1) development of a compact, cost-effective, and robust multisensor system from COTS components, and (2) validation of the sensor system for detecting temperature and hydrogen gas release. The proof of concept system developed in this study not only demonstrates the cost reduction of regular monitoring but also enables intelligent data management through the IoT by using ThingSpeak in a harsh environment.

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Fukushima, K. "QCD matter in extreme environments." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 39, no. 1 (2011): 013101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/39/1/013101.

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Kim, Gyung Guk, Seung Dae Noh, Gi Sung Park, et al. "Sliding Wear Behaviors of Steam Generator Tubes in Various Environments." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.566.

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Wear damage of steam generator tubes for nuclear power plants can cause the leakage of radioactive substances. Therefore, the evaluation of integrity and safety for tubes is very important from the viewpoint of nuclear ecocide. In the present study, to investigate the wear properties of Inconel 600 and 690 steam generator tube materials mated with 409 stainless steel commonly used as support plate, sliding wear tests were performed with increasing sliding distance in air and in elevated temperature water environment, respectively. The wear volume of tube materials was less than those of supports under all conditions. There were no significant differences in the wear behavior for the Inconel 600 and 690 tubes, independently of the testing environment.

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Hands, Alex, Clive S. Dyer, and Fan Lei. "SEU Rates in Atmospheric Environments: Variations Due to Cross-Section Fits and Environment Models." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 56, no. 4 (2009): 2026–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2009.2013466.

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Sprouse, T. M., M. R. Mumpower, and R. Surman. "Following Fission Products in Explosive Astrophysical Environments." EPJ Web of Conferences 242 (2020): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024204001.

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The astrophysical process by which the heaviest elements are formed in the universe is known as the rapid neutron capture process, or r process, of nucleosynthesis. The r process is characterized by the neutron capture and β− decay of short-lived, neutron-rich atomic nuclei; in suitably extreme environments, nuclear fission can also play a major role in determining the ensuing nucleosynthesis. In this work, we present the application of our recently developed nucleosynthesis tracing framework to precisely quantify the impact that neutron-induced and β− -delayed fission processes have in r-process environments that produce fissioning nuclei.

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McLaren, Alfred Scott. "Exploration in an Extreme Underwater Environment." Molecular Frontiers Journal 03, no. 01 (2019): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2529732519400029.

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“Exploration of Extreme Underwater Environments” briefly recounts the highlights of the author’s experiences during the exploration of an extreme underwater environment: As commander of the nuclear attack submarine, USS Queenfish (SSN 651) during the historic first survey of 5,200 km of the entire uncharted, sea-ice covered, Siberian Continental Shelf during the summer of 1970.

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Meli, Antonino, and Massimo Zucchetti. "OXIDE DISPERSION STRENGTHENED STEELS AS CANDIDATE STRUCTURAL MATERIALS FOR NUCLEAR AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENTS." International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science (IJEES) 9, no. 2 (2019): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31407/ijees9206.

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Was, G. S., and P. L. Andresen. "Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Alloys in Aggressive Nuclear Reactor Core Environments." CORROSION 63, no. 1 (2007): 19–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3278331.

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Khelidj, N., X. Colin, L. Audouin, and J. Verdu. "A simplified approach for the lifetime prediction of PE in nuclear environments." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 236, no. 1-4 (2005): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.03.259.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nuclear environments'

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