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1

Zakariya, Nasiru Imam. "Development of nuclear-radiological facility monitoring system." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2182.

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Thesis (DTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
The widespread application of nuclear science and technology has been the subject of much concern as well as nuclear safety issues. And to ensure the safety of public life, property and environment, it is indispensable to improve the emergency system for nuclear accidents and the environmental monitoring system for nuclear radiation, so that the occurrence of nuclear accidents, terrorist incidents and the resulting hazards can be prevented or minimized. Due to the benefits of radiation which were earlier and now recognized in the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis and then later with the discoveries of radiation and radioactivity, there was rush in exploiting the medical benefits which eventually led fairly to the recognition of the risks and induced harm associated with it. Thus, only the most obvious harms resulting from high doses of radiation, such as radiation burns, were initially observed and protection efforts were focused on their prevention, mainly for practitioners rather than patients. Subsequently, it was gradually recognized that there were other, less obvious, harmful radiation effects such as radiation-induced cancer, for which there is certain risk even at low doses of radiation.
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2

Stout, Daniel S. "Project management model of a nuclear facility renovation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9904.

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3

Calderón, Lindsay Lorraine. "Diversion scenarios in an aqueous reprocessing facility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53287.

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Thesis (S.M. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59).
The International Atomic Energy Agency requires nuclear facilities around the world to abide by heavily enforced safeguards to prevent proliferation. Nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities are designed to be proliferation-resistant and to use surveillance systems. While experience with small-scale reprocessing facilities has allowed for well understood safeguards, large-scale reprocessing facilities pose a new difficulty because of the larger error margins involved with the large volumes of spent fuel that is being processed. First, a hypothetical spent nuclear fuel reprocessing facility is described along with proliferation resistance methods typically used in actual facilities. This model establishes a foundation for studying diversion scenarios using a success tree method.
by Lindsay Lorraine Calderón.
S.M.and S.B.
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4

Stupay, Robert Irving. "The necessity for permanence : making a nuclear waste storage facility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70196.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1991.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-75).
The United States Department of Energy is proposing to build a nuclear waste storage facility in southern Nevada. This facility will be designed to last 10,000 years. It must prevent the waste from contaminating the environment by either natural causes or by human intervention. This thesis investigates techniques of preventing curious or oblivious people from breaking into this highly toxic repository. It is a situation where the form must communicate meaning over many millennia in the absence of a cultural context.
Robert Irving Stupay.
M.Arch.
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5

Heywood, D. I. "Environmental radiation monitoring and the siting of nuclear facilities." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382436.

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6

Adam, Buthaina Abdalla Suleiman. "Monte Carlo simulations of the iThemba LABS neutron beam facility." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6520.

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Includes abstract.
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The iThemba LABS neutron beam facility is currently being used for various applications of fast neutron studies, such as measurements of fission cross sections, the biological effectiveness of high-energy neutrons, calibration of detectors used for dose monitoring in space and aircrafts, and the development of neutron dose monitors. Neutron beams with energies up to 200 MeV are produced at iThemba LABS by irradiating thin targets of 7Li and 9Be with protons from the separated-sector cyclotron. The neutrons are collimated to produce a beam with a diameter of about 50 mm at a flight path of 7.7 m from the target. The collimator geometry is designed to maximize the central part of the beam resulting in a beam with a uniform intensity throughout its diameter and a small penumbra. Secondary neutrons produced from the interactions of the primary charged particles with structural parts e.g. beampipes, shielding wall, target holder, etc. have been observed in the measured neutron fluence spectra. The Monte Carlo radiation transport code FLUKA were used to study the effects of secondary neutrons on the neutron fluence spectra. Results obtained from the calculations were compared with those obtained experimentally.
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7

Dalrymple, Nathan Edward. "Simulation of ionospheric plasma heating experiments in the versatile toroidal facility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8866.

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Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 281-289).
Remote sensing techniques employed to diagnose ionospheric modification experiments are intrinsically ambiguous, uncorrelated with "ground truth." To overcome this limitation, laboratory experiments are performed in the model ionosphere of the Versatile Toroidal Facility (VTF). The VTF contains a thermionically produced, weakly magnetized ( wce < wpe) background plasma of either hydrogen or argon. The HF "pump" wave of ionospheric experiments is modeled by 2.45 GHz microwaves, launched perpendicular to the magnetic field and the density gradient of the VTF in the ordinary mode. The peak plasma density is several times greater than the critical density (nc ~/= 7.4xI0 16 m-3 ), and the microwaves reflect, forming a standing wave Airy pattern. Wave spectra produced near reflection are measured using a miniature double probe and microwave receiver along with a fast oscilloscope. This combination is capable of simultaneously measuring spectra in two 250 MHz bands, one near DC and the other near the 2.45 GHz pump, to μs resolution. In addition, absolute electric field strengths and wavenumber spectra can be estimated. To explore the extent to which the VTF experiments simulate ionospheric heating, similarity rules are derived from the governing equations and applied to the two plasmas. A set of ten dimensionless parameters results, six of which match satisfactorily between the two plasmas. Three others can be neglected, leaving only one unmatched parameter: the ratio T/Ti, which in the VTF is about 12 and in the ionosphere is near unity. Consideration of boundary conditions limits the scope of the simulation to the first Airy maximum. The main observational results of VTF heating experiments are: (1) Langmuir wave sidebands both up- and down-shifted from the pump frequency that decrease monotonically to the noise floor in tens of MHz, (2) lower hybrid waves in a broad band from 35 - 150 MHz, with maximum power occurring at 50 - 90 MHz, (3) both Langmuir and lower hybrid waves appear in bursts of duration and period in the 2- 100 ms range, depending upon radius, (4) Langmuir and lower hybrid bursts are anti-correlated at the edge of the plasma but become uncorrelated in the core, and (5) the electric field, both of the pump and the plasma sidebands, varies by a factor of 100 in a burst period, from 1.3 to 130 kV /m for the pump (expected: 10.8 kV/m). The main features of ionospheric heating were reproduced in these experiments: down- and up-shifted high frequency sidebands, extreme time-variability of electric field amplitude, large pump wave absorption, and significant electron heating. The observed spectral bursts suggest the concentration of electric field into small time-varying regions. The periods and parameter dependencies of the bursts resemble results of three-dimensional simulations of Langmuir turbulence. However, the upshifted Langmuir waves predicted by strong Langmuir turbulence (SLT) and nonlinear scattering theory are not observed in the VTF. A consistent account of the VTF observations is obtained by combining the caviton collapse cycle of SLT and the parametric production of lower hybrid waves by energetic Langmuir waves. As the high frequency electric field concentrates in cavitons, the threshold for the Langmuir decay instability is exceeded, generating lower hybrid waves in anti-correlated bursts. Because of the similarity of the VTF experiments to ionospheric heating, the observation of lower hybrid wave production during heating may also be borne out by future field experiments with diagnostics capable of viewing field-aligned modes.
by Nathan E. Dalrymple.
Sc.D.
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8

Zhou, Wentao. "Integrated Model Development for Safeguarding Pyroprocessing Facility." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492696274361015.

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9

Chichkine, Vladimir N. "Super-FRS the next generation exotic nuclear beam facility at GSI /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969786573.

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10

Sharpe, John Phillip. "Particulate Generation During Disruption Simulation on the SIRENS High Heat Flux Facility." NCSU, 2000. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20000323-115005.

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Successful implementation of advanced electrical power generation technology into the global marketplace requires at least two fundamental ideals: cost effectiveness and the guarantee of public safety. These requirements can be met by thorough design and development of technologies in which safety is emphasized and demonstrated. A detailed understanding of the many physical processes and their synergistic effects in a complicated fusion energy system is necessary for a defensible safety analysis. One general area of concern for fusion devices is the production of particulate, often referred to as dust or aerosol, from material exposed to high energy density fusion plasma. This dust may be radiologically activated and/or chemically toxic, and, if released to the environment, could become a hazard to the public. The goal of this investigation was to provide insight into the production and transport of particulate generated during the event of extreme heat loads to surfaces directly exposed to high energy density plasma. A step towards achieving this goal was an experiment campaign carried out with the Surface InteRaction Experiment at North Carolina State (SIRENS), a facility used for high heat flux experiments. These experiments involved exposing various materials, including copper, stainless steel 316, tungsten, aluminum, graphite (carbon), and mixtures of carbon and metals, to the high energy density plasma of the SIRENS source section. Material mobilized as a result of this exposure was collected from a controlled expansion chamber and analyzed to determine physical characteristics important to safety analyses (e.g., particulate shape, size, chemical composition, and total mobilized mass). Key results from metal-only experiments were: the particles were generally spherical and solid with some agglomeration, greater numbers of particles were collected at increasing distances from the source section, and the count median diameter of the measured particle size distributions were of similar value at different positions in the expansion chamber, although the standard deviation was found to increase with increasing distances from the source section, and the average count median diameters were 0.75 micron for different metals. Important results from the carbon and carbon/metals tests were: particle size distributions for graphite tests were bi-modal (i.e. two distributions were present in the particle population), particles were generally smaller than those from metals-only tests (average of 0.3 micron), and the individual particles were found to contain both carbon and metal material. An associated step towards the goal involved development of an integrated mechanistic model to understand the role of different particulate phenomena in the overall behavior observed in the experiment. This required a detailed examination of plasma/fluid behavior in the plasma source section, fluid behavior in the expansion chamber, and mechanisms responsible for particulate generation and growth. The model developed in this work represents the first time integration of these phenomena and was used to simulate mobilization experiments in SIRENS. Comparison of simulation results with experiment observations provides an understanding of the physical mechanisms forming the particulate and indicates if mechanisms other than those in the model were present in the experiment. Key results from this comparison were: the predicted amount of mass mobilized from the source section was generally much lower than that measured, the calculated and measured particle count median diameters were similar at various locations in the expansion chamber, and the measured standard deviations were larger than those predicted by the model. These results implicate that other mechanisms (e.g., mobilization of melted material) in addition to ablation were responsible for mass removal in the source section, a large number of the measured particles were formed by modeled mechanisms of nucleation and growth, and, as indicated by the large measured standard deviations, the larger particles found in the measurement were from an aerosol source not included in the model. From this model, a detailed understanding of the production of primary particles from the interaction of a high energy density plasma and a solid material surface has been achieved. Enhancements to the existing model and improved/extended experimental tests will yield a more sophisticated mechanistic model for particulate production in a fusion reactor.

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11

Martin, Jerry Lynn. "DABLE--a facility for measuring fission product transport in gas-cooled reactors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13906.

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12

Duraski, Robert F. (Robert Franklin). "Design and construction of the versatile toroidal facility for ionospheric chamber research." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97783.

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13

Moriarty, Daniel T. (Daniel Timothy). "Laboratory studies of ionospheric plasma processes with the Versatile Toroidal Facility (VTF)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40001.

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14

Ledesma, Michelle N. (Michelle Nicole) 1975. "Medical room design for a fission converter-based boron neutron capture therapy facility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50533.

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15

Yoo, Chan. "Plasma confinement optimization of the versatile toroidal facility for ionospheric plasma simulation experiments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97781.

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16

Hartnick, Megan Donna. "Evaluation of nuclear spent fuel dry storage casks and storage facility designs." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25279.

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Koeberg Nuclear Power Station (KNPS) is the only nuclear power station in Africa and it stores its spent nuclear fuel (SNF) onsite in the spent fuel pool (SFP). Additional aged SNF assemblies are stored in dry storage casks in a facility located on the KNPS site. This minor research dissertation aims at evaluating various dry storage cask found in open literature. The dissertation provides an overview of cask types, heat transfer, radiation shielding and storage facility types. Specific criteria are required in the selection of casks and the storage facility to house the casks on site. The selection criteria for casks and the storage facility were determined and technically evaluated in this dissertation. The selected casks were evaluated in terms of SNF criticality, radiation shielding, decay heat removal and heat transfer. Other aspects also determined by calculation were the seismic stability of casks and the cask footprint. The results obtained show the relationship of the spent fuel (SF) packing density between the different casks. Different shielding materials are used in the casks and it aided the heat transfer process to take place with some casks having additional features which included cooling fins and air vents for adequate cooling of the SNF. Through these some trends could be identified which could be used in the selection or design of new storage casks. Recommendations for further study are to evaluate a greater range of casks to verify and improve upon the relationship of evaluated parameters that were shown in the technical evaluation. These casks should all have similar means of maintaining sub-criticality, shielding and heat removal in order to generate comparable results.
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17

Burns, Joe 1966. "On selection and operation of an international interim storage facility for spent nuclear fuel." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16642.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Disposal of post-irradiation fuel from nuclear reactors has been an issue for the nuclear industry for many years. Most countries currently have no long-term disposal strategy in place. Therefore, the concept of an intermediate nuclear spent fuel storage facility has been introduced as a method of temporarily storing the spent fuel in a central location until long-term disposal of the spent nuclear fuel is made available. General criteria that can be used to compare potential international sites for an intermediate nuclear spent fuel storage facility have been identified and elucidated. Those criteria were then utilized to compare four potential international intermediate nuclear spent fuel storage facility (IINSFSF) sites. Two of the sites are in Russia (one in the area of the old nuclear city of Krasnoyarsk-26 currently known as Zheleznogorsk and one on Sakhalin Island in the area of the town of Kholmsk), one is in China (in the area of the town of Xilinhot in the Nei Mongol province) and one in Australia (in the area of the city of Meekatharra in Western Australia). Safety and safeguard regulations for nuclear facilities were reviewed and appropriate portions that could be applied to a potential IINSFSF are recommended. An analysis was conducted to determine legal issues pertinent to an IINSFSF and a brief, limited overview of the most important legal issues is presented. The effects that nuclear fuels subjected to higher burnups (than practiced now) will have on dry cask storage was examined and recommendations for storage strategies are proposed.
(cont.) The selected criteria involve the areas of Geological Suitability, Seismic Stability, Land Area Suitability, Site Infrastructure Suitability, Transportation Infrastructure Suitability, Meteorological Suitability, Willingness of the Host Nation and Population Density. Application of the criteria to the suggested sites revealed that Krasnoyarsk - 26 is the best alternative. This is mainly due to the willingness of the host nation of Russia to accept this type of facility. Krasnoyarsk - 26 also rates as the best site with respect to the criteria of geological suitability and seismic suitability. Without consideration for the willingness of the host nation, Meekatharra would be the ideal site. Xilinhot was evaluated as the third best alternative followed by the Sakhalin Island site of Kholmsk. The legal issue that would be of most concern to an IINSFSF would be potential liability. It would be best if the host nation were a signatory of an international treaty limiting the liability of the IINSFSF operator. Of the two major international nuclear liability treaties in existence the one preferable is the Paris Convention. Economics are driving nuclear power plants in the United States to look to implement more highly enriched fuels to achieve higher burnupsHow these higher burnup spent fuels will affect dry cask storage of spent fuels at reactor sites should be examined. To determine this, the decay heat output of higher burnup spent fuels was compared to the storage capacity of a typical dry cask storage system ...
by Joe Burns.
S.M.
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18

Martin, Christine Marie. "The design of a high temperature gas reactor fuel testing facility for MITR-II." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13438.

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19

Rodewald, Oliver Russell. "Use of Bayesian inference to estimate diversion likelihood in a PUREX facility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76951.

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Thesis (S.M. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-67).
Nuclear Fuel reprocessing is done today with the PUREX process, which has been demonstrated to work at industrial scales at several facilities around the world. Use of the PUREX process results in the creation of a stream of pure plutonium, which allows the process to be potentially used by a proliferator. Safeguards have been put in place by the IAEA and other agencies to guard against the possibility of diversion and misuse, but the cost of these safeguards and the intrusion into a facility they represent could cause a fuel reprocessing facility operator to consider foregoing standard safeguards in favor of diversion detection that is less intrusive. Use of subjective expertise in a Bayesian network offers a unique opportunity to monitor a fuel reprocessing facility while collecting limited information compared to traditional safeguards. This work focuses on the preliminary creation of a proof of concept Bayesian network and its application to a model nuclear fuel reprocessing facility.
by Oliver Russell Rodewald.
S.M.and S.B.
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20

Jiang, Kai. "An Experimental Facility for Studying Heat Transfer in Supercritical Fluids." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32063.

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A state-of-art research facility has been built at the University of Ottawa, which is suitable for thermalhydraulic experiments in support of the development of the Canadian Supercritical-Water-Cooled Reactor (SCWR). The facility is a recirculating flow loop, using carbon dioxide as a medium and having three different test sections, two tubes with inner diameters of 8 and 22 mm, respectively, and a three-rod bundle. The loop can operate within ranges of pressure, temperature, heat flux and mass flux, which are of interest to the current SCWR design. The present thesis includes a comprehensive description of the facility. It also documents the procedure and results of its commissioning, as well as some preliminary measurements that have been collected so far. It is intended to provide an insight to the design of the facility and its functionality and to serve as a reference for future research activities. A number of tests performed by previous researchers in other facilities were replicated and nearly identical results were obtained. It was demonstrated that the design of the facility is sound and its performance is adequate within the intended ranges of operation conditions. It is expected that the results obtained in this facility will make a significant contribution to the understanding of supercritical heat transfer and pressure losses in the SCWR context.
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21

Gao, Wei Ph D. "Lithium-6 filter for a fission converter-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy irradiation facility beam." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34653.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-165).
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 2005.
(cont.) A storage system was designed to contain the lithium-6 filter safely when it is not in use. A mixed field dosimetry method was used to measure the photon, thermal neutron and fast neutron dose. The measured advantage depth is 9.3 ± 0.1cm without filter and 9.9 ± 0.1cm with 8mm lithium-6 filter. The result is consistent with the result of Monte Carlo calculation.
The design of a lithium-6 filter to be used in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy was developed. The lithium-6 filter increases the average energy of the epithermal neutrons in the epithermal neutron beam. This filter allows the beam to be used for effective BNCT treatment at greater depth in tissue. Based on Monte Carlo calculations, 8mm thick lithium-6 filter was found to be the optimum filter thickness for the MIT fission converter based epithermal neutron beam (FCB). The highly reactive lithium metal filter is sealed with aluminum covers against the humidity and surrounding air. A well shielded and convenient frame was also designed to hold the lithium-6 filter. The frame is separated into two parts. The fixed part of the frame will be mounted into the patient collimator of the FCB and provides a slot for the lithium-6 filter. The filter itself will be connected to the movable part of the frame and slid in and out of the beam through a pair of roller bearing tracks like a vertical drawer. Both parts of the frame are built with borated polyethylene (RICORAD) and steel to insure good shielding. Many safety issues have been considered in the design including tritium production, nuclear heating, pressure from released gases and radiation leakage on the side of the collimator.
by Wei Gao.
S.M.
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22

Cramer, Lori A. "Community Responses to Siting a Hazardous Waste Facility: The Case of the High-Level Nuclear Waste Facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada." DigitalCommons@USU, 1993. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6165.

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Quality of life is an important issue for residents facing potential changes in their social and/or physical environments. Potential quality of life changes are especially relevant for rural residents of southern Nevada who are currently facing the possibility of living near the nation's first high-level nuclear waste repository. Whether the effects of the proposed repository are perceived as positive or negative, they nonetheless alter residents' perceptions of their quality of life. A theoretical model was designed to guide the analyses in this study. It suggested that residents have both current perceptions and future expectations for themselves and their community. When a proposed facility is introduced into the area, residents are forced to evaluate their future expectations in light of the new information about the proposed project. Based upon their new evaluation, residents will either support/oppose a proposed facility. From this theory sketch, eleven hypotheses regarding the relationship between quality of life and support/opposition for the proposed Yucca Mountain facility are derived. Using survey and ethnographic information obtained from rural Nevada residents, these hypotheses are examined. The results indicate that although residents from all of the study communities are generally satisfied with their quality of life, they differ on both the types of anticipated repository-induced effects and whether they support or oppose the proposed repository. A relative absence of predictive power by quality of life measures, when taken in isolation from other variables, was unexpected. For all study communities, anticipated changes from the proposed project emerged as strong predictors of support/opposition, much stronger than the quality of life variables.
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23

Iamsumang, Chonlagarn. "A framework for nuclear facility safeguard evaluation using probabilistic methods and expert elicitation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76528.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100).
With the advancement of the next generation of nuclear fuel cycle facilities, concerns of the effectiveness of nuclear facility safeguards have been increasing due to the inclusion of highly enriched material and reprocessing capability into fuel cycles. Therefore, an extensive and quantitative safeguard evaluation is required in order for the decision makers to have a consistent measure to verify safeguards level of protection, and to effectively improve the current safeguard scheme. The framework presented in this study provides a systematic method for safeguard evaluation of any nuclear facility. Using scenario analysis approach, a diversion scenario consists of target material, target location, diversion technique, set of tactics to help elude the safeguards, and the amount of material diverted per attempt. The success tree methodology and expert elicitation is used to construct logical models and obtain the probabilities of basic events. Then proliferator diversion success probabilities can be derived from the model for all possible scenarios in a given facility. Using Rokkasho reprocessing facility as an example, diversion pathways, uncertainty, sensitivity, and importance measure analyses are shown. Results from the analyses can be used by the safeguarder to gauge the level of protection provided by the current safeguard scheme, and to identify the weak points for improvements. The safeguarder is able to further analyze the effectiveness of the safeguard scheme for different facility designs, and the cost effectiveness analysis will help the safeguarder allocate limited resources for maximum possible protection against a material diversion.
by Chonlagarn Iamsumang.
S.M.
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24

Champagne, Christian. "Characterizing and optimizing the TITAN facility from energy spread determinations with a retarding energy field analyzer." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86571.

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The TITAN (TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science) experiment uses a Measurement Penning Trap (MPET) to perform high precision mass measurements (∆m/m ≈ 10e-8) on short-lived (t1/2 ≈ 10 ms) isotopes. The ISAC (Isotope Separation and ACceleration) facility provides a 60 keV rare isotope beam to the experiments. A Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) ion trap cools and bunches the incoming radioactive beam. An Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) charge breeds the ions to a high charged state q. Since the MPET mass resolution is proportional to the charge state q, an improvement up to two orders of magnitude can be achieved. Further enhancements are obtained by the reduction of the uncertainty on the MPET measurements, such as from the ion bunch longitudinal kinetic energy spread. A Retarding Field energy Analyzer (RFA) was designed and constructed to measure this uncertainty.
An energy resolution ∆E/E ≈ 10e-3 was expected from to simulated RFQ ion extraction longitudinal energy spread measurements. An experimental energy resolution ∆E/E = 2.4 x 10e-3 was obtained. Suggestions to improve the energy resolution are provided. Two testing sessions were undertaken using the RFQ and TITAN ion source to provide a singly charged pulsed ion beam. The first session used a 6Li+ beam with a 1 - 4 keV energy range. The RFA collimating slits were removed to insure the beam entered the RFA, increasing the energy resolution to ∆E/E = 5 x 10e-3. An energy resolution ∆E/E = (1.4 ± 0.5) x 10e-2 was obtained from the longitudinal energy spread measurements as a function of the beam energy. No correlation between the RFQ buffer gas pressure and the longitudinal energy spread was observed. The second session used 6;7Li, 23Na, 39;41K beams with a 1 - 5 keV energy range and the slits were reincorporated. A linear correlation with the RFQ extraction potentials magnitude is visible with both 2.5 keV 7Li+ and 23Na+ beams. No correlations between the RFQ buffer gas pressure, the space charge, beamgate size and beam composition with respect to the longitudinal energy spread were otherwise found. Further reduction of the RFA energy resolution is necessary to resolve longitudinal energy spread variations under different RFQ parameter settings.
L'expérience TITAN (Piège ionique pour la science atomique et nucléaire de TRIUMF) utilise un piège Penning (MPET) pour effectuer des mesures de masse de haute précision (∆m/m ≈ 10e-8) sur des isotopes radioactifs de courte demi-vie (t1/2 ≈ 10 ms). L'installation ISAC (Isotope Separation and Acceleration) à TRIUMF produit un 60 keV faisceau d'isotopes rares vers divers expériences. Un piège ionique quadrupôle linéaire à radio-fréquences (RFQ) refroidit et accumule le faisceau d'ions radioactifs. Un piège ionique à faisceau d'électrons (EBIT) augmente la charge ionique des ions simplement chargés à une haute charge q. Puisque la résolution de masse de MPET est proportionnelle à la charge ionique q, une augmentation de la résolution jusqu'à deux ordres de grandeur est possible. Des améliorations additionnelles sont fait par la réduction des sources d'erreurs sur les mesures du MPET, comme la dispersion longitudinale de l'énergie cinétique des ions pulsés. Un analyseur d'énergie cinétique à champ retardé (RFA) fut conçu et construit dans le but de mesurer cette erreur.
Une résolution énergétique ∆E/E ≈ 10e-3 fut visée à la suite des résultats obtenus de simulations numériques de l'extraction d'ions du RFQ. Une résolution énergétique expérimentale ∆E/E = 2.4 x 10e-3 a été obtenue. Des suggestions pour améliorer la résolution énergétique sont données. Le RFA fut testé au cours de deux séances en utilisant le RFQ et la source d'ions de TITAN pour fournir un faisceau d'ions simplement chargés. Durant la première séance, un faisceau de 6Li+ avec énergies entre 1 et 4 keV fut utilisé. Les fentes du collimateur furent enlevées pour assurer que le faisceau pénètre dans le RFA, augmentant la résolution énergétique à ∆E/E = 5 x 10e-3. Une résolution énergétique ∆E/E = (1.4 ± 0.5) x 10-e2 a été obtenue de la relation entre la dispersion longitudinale de l'énergie cinétique et de l'énergie cinétique du faisceau. Aucune corrélation entre la pression du gaz tampon du RFQ et la dispersion longitudinale de l'énergie cinétique a été observée. La seconde séance utilisait des faisceaux de 6;7Li, 23Na, 39;41 K avec des énergies cinétiques entre 1 et 5 keV et les fentes du collimateur furent ré-incorporées. Une corrélation linéaire avec la grandeur des potentiels extraction du RFQ fut observée avec les deux faisceaux de 7Li+ et 23Na+ à 2.5 keV utilisés. Aucune corrélation entre la charge spatiale, pression du gaz tampon du RFQ, la durée du barrière d'ions et la composition du faisceau avec la dispersion longitudinale de l'énergie cinétique furent autrement notées. Des réduction supplémentaires à la résolution énergétique du RFA sont nécessaire pour observer des variations dans la dispersion longitudinale de l'énergie cinétique du faisceau sous différent paramètres du RFQ.
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25

Lee, Terry Tak-Keon. "Safety analysis report and technical specifications of the MITR fission converter facility for neutron capture therapy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43345.

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26

O'Donnell, Jeffrey R. (Jeffrey Robert). "Design, construction, and commissioning of an in-core materials testing facility for slow strain rate testing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28129.

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27

Meredith, Shaun Lee. "Construction of a gridded energy analyzer for measurements of ion energy distribution in the versatile toroidal facility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50545.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-82).
The Versatile Toroidal Facility (VTF) at MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center provides a laboratory environment for studying ionospheric plasmas. Various plasma diagnostic devices have been created and used to study the VTF plasma since 1991. An accurate method for measuring VTF's ion characteristics has never been designed or installed in the laboratory facility. Gridded Energy Analyzers (GEA) are useful diagnostic tools for determining plasma ion energy distributions and ion temperature. Research was done on the theory behind Gridded Energy Analyzers and their applicability for use in the Versatile Toroidal Facility. A design and method for constructing a miniaturized GEA for VTF was developed and documented. The construction method covers material selection, machining, and assembly of VTF's miniature GEA. The miniature GEA is a non-perturbing probe used in VTF's plasma, which is approximately 3 cm in diameter. The GEA was constructed and preliminary experimental data was obtained. From this data VTF's ion temperature was found to be approximately 8eV and an ion distribution function was determined to be roughly Maxwellian in nature.
by Shaun L. Meredith.
S.M.
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28

J, Labossière-Hickman Travis. "Modeling and simulation of The Transient Reactor Test Facility using modern neutron transport methods." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123360.

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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 111-113).
The Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) has regained the interest of the nuclear engineering community in recent years. While TREAT's design makes it uniquely suited to transient fuel testing, it also makes the reactor very challenging to model and simulate. In this thesis, we build a Monte Carlo model of TREAT's Minimum Critical Mass core to examine the effects of fuel impurities, calculate a reference solution, and analyze a number of multigroup cross section generation approaches. Several method of characteristics (MOC) simulations employing these cross sections are then converged in space and angle, corrected for homogenization, and compared to the Monte Carlo reference solution. The thesis concludes with recommendations for future analysis of TREAT using MOC.
by Travis J. Labossière-Hickman.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering
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29

Novick, Vincent John. "Aerosol measurement techniques developed for nuclear reactor accident simulations /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10112.

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30

Glosup, Richard Edwin. "Characterization of the High-Temperature Helium Facility in the Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313248382.

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31

Bargalló, Font Enric. "IFMIF accelerator facility RAMI analyses in the engineering design phase." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/144657.

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The planned International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) has the mission to test and qualify materials for future fusion reactors. IFMIF will employ the deuteron-lithium stripping reaction to irradiate the test samples with a high-energy neutron flux. IFMIF will consist mainly of two linear deuteron accelerators, a liquid lithium loop and a test cell. Accelerated deuterons will collide with the lithium producing a high-energy neutron flux that will irradiate the material samples in the test cell. A timely and relevant fusion neutron source is essential in the path towards DEMO and future fusion power plants. For this reason, IFMIF is required to have high availability to obtain a fusion materials database to find suitable materials for DEMO design within the anticipated timeline. RAMI (Reliability Availability Maintainability Inspectability) analyses are being performed in the very early stages of design to meet such requirements. The IFMIF accelerator facility is composed of two independent linear accelerators, each of which produces a 40 MeV, 125 mA deuteron beam in a continuous wave mode at 175 MHz. These beam characteristics pose several unprecedented challenges: the highest beam intensity, the highest space charge, the highest beam power and the longest RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole). As a result of these challenges, many design characteristics are counter to high-availability performance: the design is reluctant to accept failures, machine protection systems are likely to stop the beam undesirably, cryogenic components require long periods for maintenance, and activation of components complicates maintenance activities. These design difficulties, together with the high availability requirements and the demanding scheduled operational periods, make RAMI analysis an essential tool in the engineering design phase. These studies were performed in collaboration with system designers, enabling the creation of RAMI models that reflect current accelerator design. This feedback has been of the utmost importance to propose plausible design modifications in order to improve the availability performance of the machine. Parallel activity on the design and construction of the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) provided the detailed design information needed to conduct these studies properly. An iterative process was followed to match IFMIF design and availability studies. These iterations made it possible to include recommendations and design change proposals coming from the RAMI analyses into the accelerator reference design. Iterations consist of gathering information from the design, creating or updating the RAMI models, obtaining and analyzing results, and proposing ways to improve the design. Three different approaches were carried out in the iterative process. First, a comparison with other similar facilities was performed. Second, an individual fault tree analysis was developed for each system of the accelerator. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed for the whole accelerator facility considering synergies between systems. These approaches make it possible to go from detailed hardware availability analyses to global accelerator performance, to identify weak design points, and to propose design alternatives as well as foresee IFMIF performance, maintenance and operation characteristics. The IFMIF accelerator facility design was analyzed from the RAMI point of view, estimating its future availability and guiding the design towards a high reliability and availability performance. In order to achieve the high-availability requirements several design changes have already been included in the accelerator reference design whereas other important design modifications have been proposed and will be further analyzed in future design phases.
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32

Rojas, Jimmy A. (Rojas Herrera). "Impact of x-ray dose on the response of CR-39 nuclear track detector to 1-5.5 MeV alphas and 0.5-9.1 MeV protons for spectroscopy at the OMEGA Laser Facility and the National Ignition Facility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106770.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, June 2016.
Page 47 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-46).
The CR-39 nuclear track detector is used in many nuclear diagnostics fielded at inertial confinement fusion (ICF) facilities. Large x-ray fluences generated by ICF experiments may impact the CR-39 response to incident charged particles. To determine the impact of x-ray exposure on the CR-39 response to protons and alpha particles, a thick-target bremsstrahlung x-ray generator was used to expose CR-39 to various doses of 30 and 8keV Cu-K[alpha] and K[beta] x-rays. The CR-39 detectors were then exposed to 1-5.5 MeV alphas or 0.5- 9.1 MeV protons. The regions of the CR-39 exposed to x-rays showed a smaller track diameter than those not exposed to x-rays: for example, a dose of 3.0±0.1 Gy causes a decrease of (19±2)% in the track diameter of a 5.5 MeV alpha, while a dose of 6.0±0.1 Gy results in a decrease of (29±1)% in the track diameter of a 3.0 MeV proton. The reduced track diameters were found to be predominantly caused by a comparable reduction in the bulk etch rate of the CR-39 with x-ray dose. A residual effect, due to changes in track etch rate and dependent on incident particle energy, was characterized by an empirical formula.
by Jimmy A. Rojas.
S.B.
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33

Sandberg, Alexander Jerome. "Shielding design for the time-resolving Magnetic Recoil Spectrometer (MRSt) on the National Ignition Facility (NIF)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127703.

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Abstract:
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2019
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-50).
Abstract The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is one of the premier inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments active today, with the goal of acheiving ignition in a laboratory for the first time. Multiple diagnostics are needed to generate the scientific data necessary for guiding these experiments at the NIF toward this goal. The time-resolving Magnetic Recoil Spectrometer (MRSt) aims to provide time-resolved measurements of the neutron spectrum, to determine time evolution of ion temperature, areal density, and neutron yield, at a time resolution of 20ps and an energy resolution of 100 keV. This would be the first time-resolved measurement of these quantities, and is crucial to understanding the dynamics of the implosion and possible deviations from optimal performance. The MRSt's unique ability to diagnose the hot-spot formation, fuel assembly, and alpha heating will open a new door to ICF. This work establishes a conceptual shielding design for the MRSt that meets the signal-to-background requirements. The finalized design is composed of 65cm of 30% borated polyethylene shielding for the neutron background, and a 2.5cm layer of tungsten gamma shielding with a 5.5cm layer of shielding on the last 20cm of the pulse dilation drift tube (PDDT) detector. This design reduces the background about 300 times, from 0.12 for the unshielded design to 35 for the finalized shielding design, thus exceeding the requirement of S/B > 5 for the down-scattered-neutron measurement. Neutron background has been reduced nearly to zero, but further gamma reduction could be a future avenue of research, specifically surrounding the graded-Z shielding design.
by Alexander Jerome Sandberg.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering
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34

Arcilesi, David J. Jr. "Developmental Analysis and Design of a Scaled-down Test Facility for a VHTR Air-ingress Accident." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338387523.

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35

Francis, Michael Craig. "A techno–economic analysis of an integrated GTL, nuclear facility with utilities production / Francis M.C." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7347.

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The nuclear industry has undergone a revival in recent years, which has been more commonly termed the nuclear “renaissance”. This renaissance period has brought renewed interest to the commercial nuclear industry as well as to peripheral or related industries, particularly in the areas of research and development. Some of the most common research topics include the integration of nuclear and process technologies, or more specifically the use of nuclear heat energy in process plants. Gas–to–liquids (GTL) technology, although often referred to as an unconventional fossil fuel technology, is a mature technology and successful commercial applications in the state of Qatar are evidence of that. Likewise, thermal desalination processes such as multi stage flash (MSF) and multiple effect distillation (MED) are also very mature technologies that have been in commercial operation for many decades. Both GTL and desalination processes may be regarded as energy intensive processes that demand large amounts of thermal energy, which is typically provided by the combustion of fossil fuels. The use of fossil fuels as a primary energy source, however, has a number of drawbacks: unstable and/or rapidly increasing prices, negative environmental impact as well as concerns over long term sustainability. Nuclear energy is far more attractive from a sustainability perspective and also produces negligible carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. By utilising nuclear heat energy either directly or through waste heat in a secondary circuit, process plants become more energy efficient whilst also emitting less green house gases. The proposed process design is an integrated nuclear GTL facility: the primary focus is the integration of heat energy in a typical GTL complex. The secondary focus is the use of nuclear energy to drive electricity and potable water production. A typical GTL facility herein refers to the type investigated and proposed in a recent feasibility study conducted by Sasol Technology and Sasol Chevron Holdings Limited in 2006, which is property of Sasol Chevron Holdings Limited and Sasol Chevron Holdings Qatar Limited, as part of the Sasol Chevron Integrated GTL project comprising gas and GTL plants. The proposed integrated facility is a large industrial complex and Qatar was chosen as a suitable geographic location for the study for a number of reasons: * Established GTL industry, which is supported by the government as a means of monetizing their natural gas resources. * Extensive natural gas reserves fed from the world’s largest non–associated gas field * An industrial city, such as Raf Laffan, that contains well established logistical and engineering infrastructure to support a large industrial complex. * Socio–economic considerations that warrant the development of additional utilities generation capacity in Qatar. * Favourable political climate for the introduction of nuclear energy in the region. In the proposed design only a handful of units in the typical GTL complex were identified for heat integration: synthesis gas generation (reforming), hydrogen production unit (reforming) and the process superheaters. The focus area of the GTL complex was then upstream of the Low Temperature Fischer Tropsch (LTFT) reaction units and there were no opportunities for heat integration identified in the downstream product work up (PWU) or refinery units. The process was modelled as a nuclear steam methane reforming (SMR) process, with nuclear heat providing the required endothermic reaction energy for the reforming process. The helium exit temperature from the reforming process was 781.50oC, which meant that the helium could also be used to superheat the complex high pressure (HP) steam. The superheated HP steam was then used as feed to the reformers themselves and to drive a back end Rankine power cycle. A final stage, backpressure turbine then provided low pressure (LP) steam to drive MSF desalination units. Approximately 40 percent of the total available nuclear thermal energy was used in the reforming and superheater units. In the helium Brayton power cycle a significant amount of electricity was generated whilst also providing low temperature waste heat that was utilized for MED desalination units. The proposed integrated design thus combined three technologies that together produced large quantities of their respective products. The integrated nuclear GTL design also required the introduction of a CO2 shift reactor downstream of the reforming units to correct the synthesis gas (Syngas) ratio fed to the LTFT reactors. The CO2 makeup stream was assumed to be imported from offsite. This shift reactor unit was certainly a departure from the conventional GTL process layout and represented a significant CO2 credit opportunity, particularly in the context of a large industrial facility such as that at Ras Laffan. The conventional GTL design also utilizes autothermal reforming technology that requires oxygen feed to the units, while the nuclear SMR process does not require oxygen. Thus another benefit associated with nuclear GTL integration would be the omission of the air seperation units (ASU), which ordinarily require large amounts of energy to drive the unit air compressors. A pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit and CO2 wash unit were also included upstream of the FT reactors, providing both clean Syngas at the required Syngas ratio as well as a clean, high purity stream of hydrogen to be used in the PWU units. An economic analysis was performed to gauge the realistic viability of the technical proposal. In this analysis simple return on investment (ROI) calculations were performed to provide net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) indications. A constant discount rate of 21.25% was used for all economic calculations. The various technologies were also analysed as stand–alone facilities and then together as an integrated facility. The major drivers or levers in each of the respective industries were used as bases for low, high and reference economic analysis. The base case typical GTL complex returned very favourable values with an IRR of 68%. The integrated facility also retuned favourable ROI indictors with an IRR of 42%. In the context of an integrated nuclear GTL facility, the nuclear portion alone was not economically viable as most of the energy was used for process heat rather than power generation. The inclusion of C02 credit revenues only marginally improved the economics of the nuclear portion of the facility, but obviously contributed positively to the overall facility ROI indicators. At a CO2 credit value of 90.62 $/ton the nuclear portion of the integrated facility would become economically justifiable in its own right. However, it may be argued that such a high CO2 credit value is highly unlikely in the short to medium term future. The major technical benefits of a nuclear integrated facility include improved carbon efficiency and measurable CO2 emissions reduction. The typical (base case) GTL facility, however, has an attractive business case without the integration of the nuclear and desalination technologies. A decision to invest in such a large, integrated facility would thus depend heavily on local socio–economic and political factors. The key driver in GTL economics, and hence the proposed integrated design as well, is the product pricing and natural gas/crude oil price differential. This is the main reason for presenting low, high and reference growth cases in the economic analysis. Despite lower NPV and IRR indicators than the GTL base case, the integrated design still represents an attractive investment. The comprehensive facility is also an excellent means to monetize gas resources and provide utilities to a fast growing nation.
Thesis (M.Sc. Engineering Sciences (Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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36

Gilbert, Matthew G. "Group and societal decision making : an exploration of modelling paradigms applied to nuclear facility siting." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/95975/.

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This thesis has explored the area of group and societal decision making applied to nuclear facility siting problems, and some of the common modelling paradigms used to assist decision makers (either to enhance understanding or serving as a vehicle to compare potential alternatives). We have explored common issues and the history surrounding the construction of decision support systems, and identified potential modelling paradigms that could be used to assist decision makers in our facility siting setting. In the area of utilities, we investigate measuring the influence of some group members on others in decision making. Being better able to identify potentially influential behaviour would be useful in supporting and subsequently auditing a decision. A new measure of the influence of individuals is given, which is analogous to the well-known Cook’s distance used to identify influential data in regression. The theoretical properties of this measure are explored. A simple method to identify sub-groups within the group of decision makers is given. We investigate the efficiency of our new measures using large scale randomised studies. We use these measures to identify sub-groups of individuals with similar beliefs in a data set collected in a previous experiment. In the areas of system dynamics and discrete event simulation, we have constructed models of public response to the UK government’s request for volunteer communities to host a Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) for nuclear waste in the 2009-2013 siting process. We create models in each paradigm to explore the influential factors behind Cumbria’s withdrawal from the process in early 2013 based on opinion surveys during the 4 year public deliberation. We have considered the suitability of each paradigm as a modelling process for public response and deliberation, and explore whether the extension of the decision deadline requested by the councils could have biased the process. Our approach models the interactions between the 3 key stakeholder groups we included: the general public, the MRWS Partnership and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). We show that a decision deadline extension may have biased the process. Additionally, we contrast the strengths and weaknesses of each model and paradigm both generally, and for our specific scenario through response analysis to a selection of alternative scenarios.
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37

Fortkamp, Jonathan C. "Characterization of the radiation environment for a large area interim spent nuclear fuel storage facility /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488188894437725.

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38

Khoza, Best. "Physics and engineering aspects of South Africa's proposed dry storage facility for spent nuclear fuel." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31697.

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The continual increase in electricity dependence for the advancement of society has led to increased demand in electricity globally. This increased demand, among other things such as global warming interventions and energy security have encouraged the need to diversify electricity generation sources. Civilian use of nuclear power dates back to the 1950s. The United States of America and France are currently leading with the highest nuclear power generation in the world, generating 101 GWe and 63 GWe, respectively. Several countries such as China and the United Arab Emirates have committed to new nuclear build in order to increase their nuclear power generation capacities. Standing against the prospects of growth of the nuclear power industry are technical and nontechnical challenges. These include proliferation risk, safety, high capital costs and high-level waste management. Most spent nuclear fuel from power reactors is currently stored in the spent fuel pools on reactor sites, and some have been reprocessed. It is estimated that about 32% (370 000 tons of Heavy Metal) of the total spent fuel generated from power reactors have been reprocessed up to date. With most of the spent fuel pools filling up, alternative interim and long term disposal of spent nuclear fuel solutions have been under investigation from as early as the 1970s. South Africa has planned an interim dry storage facility for the spent nuclear fuel to be established at the existing Koeberg power station. The interim dry storage facility will make use of HI-STAR 100 multi-purpose casks to store spent nuclear fuel until the country decides on final disposal solution. There are many aspects that are critical to safe, efficient and cost-effective long term storage of spent nuclear fuel. Some of the physics and engineering aspects concerning dry storage facilities are briefly discussed. The aspects presented here are: radiation containment, spent fuel, sub-criticality, decay heat removal, site location aspects, response to seismic events, cask corrosion, transportation infrastructure, operability and monitoring. The study of the three existing dry cask storages from the USA, Hungary and Belgium gives an overview of the dry cask technology in use today. These presentations are based on publicly available reliable information. The proposed dry storage facility at Koeberg will be in the existing power station footprint using the HI-STAR 100 casks. The decision to have the proposed dry storage facility at Koeberg will minimise related licence applications and part of security installations as the site already has some security. The location of the facility in the power station’s footprint also allows for cost-effective and safe transportation of casks from the reactor building to the proposed facility. The modularity aspect of the dry cask storage facility at MV Paks in Hungary should also be employed at Koeberg to allow for more storage. This will cater for additional casks that may need to be stored if more nuclear power plants are procured in the future. South Africa’s air traffic around the Western Cape is not as congested as Belgium’s. There is, therefore, no need for the casks to be housed in concrete buildings like Doel’s. Most of Koeberg’s high-level waste would have had a longer cooling time in the pools compared to the minimum cooling time required for the chosen cask technology. This will provide a conservative, safe approach for Koeberg’s facility. Dry cask storage technology has provided a reliable interim dry storage solution for several countries. Despite uncertainties for long term disposal options, the proposed dry cask storage facility at Koeberg is a suitable interim storage alternative for South Africa to allow continuous operation of the plant. This conclusion is based on the physics and engineering aspects that have been presented in this minor dissertation.
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39

Orton, Christopher Robert. "The Multi-Isotope Process Monitor: Non-destructive, Near-Real-Time Nuclear Safeguards Monitoring at a Reprocessing Facility." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259101113.

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40

Quinn, Bruce David 1955. "Dose rate measurements in the cobalt-60 gamma irradiation facility using thermoluminescent dosimeters." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277923.

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A dose rate measurement survey was performed at various locations inside the radiation chamber of the Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation facility located in Room 130, Building 20 at the University of Arizona. TLDs were used for the dose rate measurements. It was observed that the dose rates decrease rapidly with increasing distance from the source. Also, dose rates decreased with increased distance away from the centerline of the radiation chamber which is indicative of the position of the effective center of the source. Percent dose rates with respect to the dose rate of the calibration position were tabulated.
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41

Wink, Christopher William. "Characterization and optimization of signal and background for the time-resolving magnetic recoil spectrometer on the National Ignition Facility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112366.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2017.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"June 2017." Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-48).
The evolution of fuel assembly, hot-spot formation, and nuclear burn in an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) implosion at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) can be quantified through time-resolved measurements of the neutron spectrum. This information will be obtained with the next-generation Magnetic Recoil Spectrometer (MRSt) that will measure the neutron spectrum (12-16 MeV) with high accuracy (~5%), unprecedented energy resolution (~100 keV) and, for the first time ever, time resolution (~20 ps). To successfully implement the MRSt on the NIF for this measurement, the signal and background distributions at the MRSt detector must be characterized; the detector response to the signal and background must be determined; and the shielding enclosing MRSt must be designed and implemented to reduce the background to the required level. These things have been done, which constitute the main results of this thesis. First, an MCNP model of the MRSt in the NIF target bay was implemented to assess the neutron- and gamma-background fluxes at an unshielded MRSt. Second, models of the MRSt-detector response to the signal protons (or deuterons), and neutron and gamma background were implemented to assess the signal-to-background (S/B) for the unshielded MRSt case. Using these models, it is discussed in this thesis that the combined neutron and gamma background in the MRSt data needs to be reduced 100-400 times. Third, a shielding design, consisting of polyethylene, tungsten, and stainless steel, fully enclosing the MRSt, was developed to reduce the background to the required level. This design reduces the background 100-200 times, and meets the requirement of S/B > 5 for the down-scattered-neutron measurement. Obviously, this design depends on the MRSt-detector response to the signal and background, and some minor adjustments to the design might be applied depending on the results from the upcoming measurements of the MRSt-detector response to signal and background. As the shielding design depends on the engineering design of the MRSt system, which has not been fully defined yet, some adjustments to the design will most likely be made when the MRSt engineering design is finalized.
by Christopher William Wink.
S.M.
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42

Giuliano, Dominic Richard. "Neutron Flux Measurements and Calculations in the Gamma Irradiation Facility Using MCNPX." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282570075.

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43

Chiuta, Steven. "The potential utilization of nuclear hydrogen for synthetic fuels production at a coal–to–liquid facility / Steven Chiuta." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4840.

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The production of synthetic fuels (synfuels) in coal–to–liquids (CTL) facilities has contributed to global warming due to the huge CO2 emissions of the process. This corresponds to inefficient carbon conversion, a problem growing in importance particularly given the limited lifespan of coal reserves. These simultaneous challenges of environmental sustainability and energy security associated with CTL facilities have been defined in earlier studies. To reduce the environmental impact and improve the carbon conversion of existing CTL facilities, this paper proposes the concept of a nuclear–assisted CTL plant where a hybrid sulphur (HyS) plant powered by 10 modules of the high temperature nuclear reactor (HTR) splits water to produce hydrogen (nuclear hydrogen) and oxygen, which are in turn utilised in the CTL plant. A synthesis gas (syngas) plant mass–analysis model described in this paper demonstrates that the water–gas shift (WGS) and combustion reactions occurring in hypothetical gasifiers contribute 67% and 33% to the CO2 emissions, respectively. The nuclear–assisted CTL plant concept that we have developed is entirely based on the elimination of the WGS reaction, and the consequent benefits are investigated. In this kind of plant, the nuclear hydrogen is mixed with the outlet stream of the Rectisol unit and the oxygen forms part of the feed to the gasifier. The significant potential benefits include a 75% reduction in CO2 emissions, a 40% reduction in the coal requirement for the gasification plant and a 50% reduction in installed syngas plant costs, all to achieve the same syngas output. In addition, we have developed a financial model for use as a strategic decision analysis (SDA) tool that compares the relative syngas manufacturing costs for conventional and nuclear–assisted syngas plants. Our model predicts that syngas manufactured in the nuclear–assisted CTL plant would cost 21% more than that produced in the conventional CTL plant when the average cost of producing nuclear hydrogen is US$3/kg H2. The model also evaluates the cost of CO2 avoided as $58/t CO2. Sensitivity analyses performed on the costing model reveal, however, that the cost of CO2 avoided is zero at a hydrogen production cost of US$2/kg H2 or at a delivered coal cost of US$128/t coal. The economic advantages of the nuclear–assisted plant are lost above the threshold cost of $100/t CO2. However, the cost of CO2 avoided in our model works out to below this threshold for the range of critical assumptions considered in the sensitivity analyses. Consequently, this paper demonstrates the practicality, feasibility and economic attractiveness of the nuclear–assisted CTL plant.
Thesis (M.Ing. (Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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44

Lavelle, Christopher M. "The neutronic design and performance of the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF) Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS)." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3255512.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Physics, 2007.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 20, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: B, page: 1688. Adviser: David V. Baxter.
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45

Rong, Xiujiang. "Development of a neutron depth profiling facility at the University of Missouri Research Reactor center /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9821337.

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46

Zapp, Andrew M. "Design and Development of an External Fast Neutron Beam Facility at the Ohio State University Research Reactor." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1545075104197272.

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47

Barner, Robert Buckner. "Power conversion unit studies for the next generation nuclear plant coupled to a high-temperature steam electrolysis facility." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4835.

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The Department of Energy and the Idaho National Laboratory are developing a Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) to serve as a demonstration of state-of-the-art nuclear technology. The purpose of the demonstration is two fold: 1) efficient low cost energy generation and 2) hydrogen production. Although a next generation plant could be developed as a single-purpose facility, early designs are expected to be dual-purpose. While hydrogen production and advanced energy cycles are still in their early stages of development, research towards coupling a high temperature reactor, electrical generation and hydrogen production is under way. Many aspects of the NGNP must be researched and developed to make recommendations on the final design of the plant. Parameters such as working conditions, cycle components, working fluids, and power conversion unit configurations must be understood. Three configurations of the power conversion unit were modeled using the process code HYSYS; a three-shaft design with 3 turbines and 4 compressors, a combined cycle with a Brayton top cycle and a Rankine bottoming cycle, and a reheated cycle with 3 stages of reheat were investigated. A high temperature steam electrolysis hydrogen production plant was coupled to the reactor and power conversion unit by means of an intermediate heat transport loop. Helium, CO2, and an 80% nitrogen, 20% helium mixture (by weight) were studied to determine the best working fluid in terms cycle efficiency and development cost. In each of these configurations the relative heat exchanger size and turbomachinery work were estimated for the different working fluids. Parametric studies away from the baseline values of the three-shaft and combined cycles were performed to determine the effect of varying conditions in the cycle. Recommendations on the optimal working fluid for each configuration were made. The helium working fluid produced the highest overall plant efficiency for the three-shaft and reheat cycle; however, the nitrogen-helium mixture produced similar efficiency with smaller component sizes. The CO2 working fluid is recommend in the combined cycle configuration.
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48

Turkoglu, Danyal J. "Design, Construction and Characterization of an External Neutron Beam Facility at The Ohio State University Nuclear Reactor Laboratory." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1325228897.

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49

Inyang, Otu Effiong. "Development of a prompt-gamma, neutron-activation analysis facility at the Texas A&M University Nuclear Science Center." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2980.

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50

Reinke, Benjamin T. "Design, Characterization, and Simulation of a Cryogenic Irradiation Facility in the Ohio State University Research Reactor Pool." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437746576.

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