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Journal articles on the topic 'Nuclear periphery'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Burke, Brian, and Valérie Doye. "The nuclear periphery." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 6 (2012): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-12-0969.

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2

Garvey Brickner, Donna, and Jason H. Brickner. "Cdk Phosphorylation of a Nucleoporin Controls Localization of Active Genes through the Cell Cycle." Molecular Biology of the Cell 21, no. 19 (2010): 3421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-01-0065.

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Many inducible genes in yeast are targeted to the nuclear pore complex when active. We find that the peripheral localization of the INO1 and GAL1 genes is regulated through the cell cycle. Active INO1 and GAL1 localized at the nuclear periphery during G1, became nucleoplasmic during S-phase, and then returned to the nuclear periphery during G2/M. Loss of peripheral targeting followed the initiation of DNA replication and was lost in cells lacking a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor. Furthermore, the Cdk1 kinase and two Cdk phosphorylation sites in the nucleoporin Nup1 were required for p

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3

Hiraga, Shin-ichiro, Sotirios Botsios, David Donze, and Anne D. Donaldson. "TFIIIC localizes budding yeast ETC sites to the nuclear periphery." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 14 (2012): 2741–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-04-0365.

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Chromatin function requires specific three-dimensional architectures of chromosomes. We investigated whether Saccharomyces cerevisiae extra TFIIIC (ETC) sites, which bind the TFIIIC transcription factor but do not recruit RNA polymerase III, show specific intranuclear positioning. We show that six of the eight known S. cerevisiae ETC sites localize predominantly at the nuclear periphery, and that ETC sites retain their tethering function when moved to a new chromosomal location. Several lines of evidence indicate that TFIIIC is central to the ETC peripheral localization mechanism. Mutating or

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4

Tuma, Rabiya S. "Repair at the nuclear periphery." Journal of Cell Biology 172, no. 2 (2006): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb1722iti1.

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5

GAMBHIR, Y. K., and A. A. BHAGWAT. "NUCLEON DISTRIBUTIONS AT NUCLEAR PERIPHERY." Modern Physics Letters A 17, no. 19 (2002): 1215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732302006278.

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The experimental ratios of the neutron to the proton densities at the nuclear periphery (≃ half-density radius + 2.5 fm) determined using very low energy anti-proton annihilation studies are compared with the predictions of the semi-phenomenological model of the nucleon density distributions. The model incorporates correctly two physical requirements: the correct asymptotic behavior (r → ∞) and the behavior near the center (r → 0). The model gives a good account of the experiment. The results of the more sophisticated, microscopic mean field calculations like non-relativistic Hartree–Fock–Bogo

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6

Yang, Qiaoxin, Roy Riblet, and Carl L. Schildkraut. "Sites That Direct Nuclear Compartmentalization Are near the 5′ End of the Mouse Immunoglobulin Heavy-Chain Locus." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 14 (2005): 6021–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.14.6021-6030.2005.

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ABSTRACT VDJ rearrangement in the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) locus involves a combination of events, including a large change in its nuclear compartmentalization. Prior to rearrangement, Igh moves from its default peripheral location near the nuclear envelope to an interior compartment, and after rearrangement it returns to the periphery. To identify any sites in Igh responsible for its association with the periphery, we systematically analyzed the nuclear positions of the Igh locus in mouse non-B- and B-cell lines and, importantly, in primary splenic lipopolysaccharide-stimulated

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7

Veselsky, Martin, and G. A. Souliotis. "Effect of nuclear periphery on nucleon transfer in peripheral collisions." Nuclear Physics A 765, no. 1-2 (2006): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.11.001.

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8

Smith, Cheryl L., Andrey Poleshko, and Jonathan A. Epstein. "The nuclear periphery is a scaffold for tissue-specific enhancers." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 11 (2021): 6181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab392.

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Abstract Nuclear architecture influences gene regulation and cell identity by controlling the three-dimensional organization of genes and their distal regulatory sequences, which may be far apart in linear space. The genome is functionally and spatially segregated in the eukaryotic nucleus with transcriptionally active regions in the nuclear interior separated from repressive regions, including those at the nuclear periphery. Here, we describe the identification of a novel type of nuclear peripheral chromatin domain that is enriched for tissue-specific transcriptional enhancers. Like other chr

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9

Kumaran, R. Ileng, and David L. Spector. "A genetic locus targeted to the nuclear periphery in living cells maintains its transcriptional competence." Journal of Cell Biology 180, no. 1 (2008): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200706060.

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The peripheral nuclear lamina, which is largely but not entirely associated with inactive chromatin, is considered to be an important determinant of nuclear structure and gene expression. We present here an inducible system to target a genetic locus to the nuclear lamina in living mammalian cells. Using three-dimensional time-lapse microscopy, we determined that targeting of the locus requires passage through mitosis. Once targeted, the locus remains anchored to the nuclear periphery in interphase as well as in daughter cells after passage through a subsequent mitosis. Upon transcriptional ind

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10

Trzcińska, A. "Nuclear periphery studied with antiprotonic atoms." Hyperfine Interactions 194, no. 1-3 (2009): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10751-009-0078-6.

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11

Robinson, Richard, and Ruth Williams. "SRC1, central to the nuclear periphery." Journal of Cell Biology 182, no. 5 (2008): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.1825iti5.

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12

Jastrzȩbski, J., T. Czosnyka, T. von Egidy, et al. "Antiprotonic investigation of the nuclear periphery." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 56, no. 1-2 (1997): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(97)00259-4.

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13

Shaklai, Sigal, Ninette Amariglio, Gideon Rechavi, and Amos J. Simon. "Gene silencing at the nuclear periphery." FEBS Journal 274, no. 6 (2007): 1383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05697.x.

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14

BARAN, A., and P. MIERZYŃSKI. "NUCLEAR PERIPHERY IN MEAN-FIELD MODELS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 13, no. 01 (2004): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301304002156.

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The halo factor is one of the experimental data which describes a distribution of neutrons in the nuclear periphery. In the presented paper we use Skyrme-Hartree (SH) and the Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) models to calculate the neutron excess factor ΔB which differs slightly from the halo factor f exp . The results of the calculations are compared to the measured data.

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15

Gambhir, Y. K., and A. Bhagwat. "Relativistic mean field for nuclear periphery." Nuclear Physics A 722 (July 2003): C354—C359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(03)01389-7.

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16

Brickner, Jason H. "Transcriptional memory at the nuclear periphery." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 21, no. 1 (2009): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2009.01.007.

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17

Imai, Shin-ichiro, Seiji Nishibayashi, Koji Takao, et al. "Dissociation of Oct-1 from the Nuclear Peripheral Structure Induces the Cellular Aging-associated Collagenase Gene Expression." Molecular Biology of the Cell 8, no. 12 (1997): 2407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.8.12.2407.

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The cellular aging-associated transcriptional repressor that we previously named as Orpheus was identical to Oct-1, a member of the POU domain family. Oct-1 represses the collagenase gene, one of the cellular aging-associated genes, by interacting with an AT-richcis-element in the upstream of the gene in preimmortalized cells at earlier population-doubling levels and in immortalized cells. In these stages of cells, considerable fractions of the Oct-1 protein were prominently localized in the nuclear periphery and colocalized with lamin B. During the cellular aging process, however, this subspe

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18

Kihlmark, Madeleine, Gabriela Imreh, and Einar Hallberg. "Sequential degradation of proteins from the nuclear envelope during apoptosis." Journal of Cell Science 114, no. 20 (2001): 3643–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.114.20.3643.

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We have produced new antibodies specific for the integral pore membrane protein POM121. Using these antibodies we show that during apoptosis POM121 becomes proteolytically degraded in a caspase-dependent manner. The POM121 antibodies and antibodies specific for other proteins of the nuclear envelope were used in a comparative study of nuclear apoptosis in staurosporine-treated buffalo rat liver cells. Nuclei from these cells were classified in three different stages of apoptotic progression: stage I, moderately condensed chromatin surrounded by a smooth nuclear periphery; stage II, compact pat

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19

Malik, Poonam, Nikolaj Zuleger, and Eric C. Schirmer. "Nuclear envelope influences on genome organization." Biochemical Society Transactions 38, no. 1 (2010): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0380268.

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The nuclear periphery is a specialized environment in the nucleus that contributes to genome organization and correspondingly to gene regulation. Mammalian chromosomes and certain genes occupy defined positions within the nucleus that are heritable and tissue specific. Genes located at the nuclear periphery tend to be inactive and this negative regulation can be reversed when they are released from the periphery in certain differentiation systems. Recent work using specially designed systems has shown that genes can be artificially tethered to the nuclear periphery by an affinity mechanism. Th

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20

Green, Erin M., Ying Jiang, Ryan Joyner, and Karsten Weis. "A negative feedback loop at the nuclear periphery regulates GAL gene expression." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 7 (2012): 1367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-06-0547.

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The genome is nonrandomly organized within the nucleus, but it remains unclear how gene position affects gene expression. Silenced genes have frequently been found associated with the nuclear periphery, and the environment at the periphery is believed to be refractory to transcriptional activation. However, in budding yeast, several highly regulated classes of genes, including the GAL7-10-1 gene cluster, are known to translocate to the nuclear periphery concurrent with their activation. To investigate the role of gene positioning on GAL gene expression, we monitored the effects of mutations th

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21

Kafer, Georgia Rose, Yoshihisa Tanaka, Regina Rillo-Bohn, Eiko Shimizu, Kouichi Hasegawa, and Peter M. Carlton. "Sequential peripheral enrichment of H2A.Zac and H3K9me2 during trophoblast differentiation in human embryonic stem cells." Journal of Cell Science 133, no. 24 (2020): jcs245282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.245282.

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ABSTRACTDuring the transition from pluripotency to a lineage-committed state, chromatin undergoes large-scale changes in structure, involving covalent modification of histone tails, use of histone variants and gene position changes with respect to the nuclear periphery. Here, using high-resolution microscopy and quantitative image analysis, we surveyed a panel of histone modifications for changes in nuclear peripheral enrichment during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to a trophoblast-like lineage. We found two dynamic modifications at the nuclear periphery, acetylation of histone

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22

Bian, Qian, Nimish Khanna, Jurgis Alvikas та Andrew S. Belmont. "β-Globin cis-elements determine differential nuclear targeting through epigenetic modifications". Journal of Cell Biology 203, № 5 (2013): 767–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201305027.

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Increasing evidence points to nuclear compartmentalization as a contributing mechanism for gene regulation, yet mechanisms for compartmentalization remain unclear. In this paper, we use autonomous targeting of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenes to reveal cis requirements for peripheral targeting. Three peripheral targeting regions (PTRs) within an HBB BAC bias a competition between pericentric versus peripheral heterochromatin targeting toward the nuclear periphery, which correlates with increased H3K9me3 across the β-globin gene cluster and locus control region. Targeting to bot

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23

Hurtley, S. M. "Close-up view of the nuclear periphery." Science 351, no. 6276 (2016): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.351.6276.929-a.

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24

Stewart, Colin L., Alex Chojnowski, Rafidah Mutalif, Esther Wong, and Oliver Dreesen. "Premature ageing mutations at the nuclear periphery." Mechanisms of Development 145 (July 2017): S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.521.

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25

Taddei, Angela, and Susan M. Gasser. "Repairing subtelomeric DSBs at the nuclear periphery." Trends in Cell Biology 16, no. 5 (2006): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2006.03.005.

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26

Jastrzebski, Jerzy. "Antiproton—A Probe of the Nuclear Periphery." Nuclear Physics News 10, no. 4 (2000): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10506890009411545.

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27

Hartmann, F. J., R. Smolańczuk, B. Klos, et al. "Study of the Nuclear Periphery with Antiprotons." Acta Physica Hungarica 13, no. 1-3 (2001): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aph.13.2001.1-3.7.

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28

Capella, Matías, and Sigurd Braun. "ESCRTing Heterochromatin Out of the Nuclear Periphery." Developmental Cell 53, no. 1 (2020): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.03.013.

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29

Padeken, Jan, and Patrick Heun. "Nucleolus and nuclear periphery: Velcro for heterochromatin." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 28 (June 2014): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2014.03.001.

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30

Saroufim, Mark-Albert, Pierre Bensidoun, Pascal Raymond, et al. "The nuclear basket mediates perinuclear mRNA scanning in budding yeast." Journal of Cell Biology 211, no. 6 (2015): 1131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201503070.

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After synthesis and transit through the nucleus, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are exported to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). At the NPC, messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) first encounter the nuclear basket where mRNP rearrangements are thought to allow access to the transport channel. Here, we use single mRNA resolution live cell microscopy and subdiffraction particle tracking to follow individual mRNAs on their path toward the cytoplasm. We show that when reaching the nuclear periphery, RNAs are not immediately exported but scan along the nuclear periphery, likely to find

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31

Dultz, Elisa, Harianto Tjong, Elodie Weider, et al. "Global reorganization of budding yeast chromosome conformation in different physiological conditions." Journal of Cell Biology 212, no. 3 (2016): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201507069.

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The organization of the genome is nonrandom and important for correct function. Specifically, the nuclear envelope plays a critical role in gene regulation. It generally constitutes a repressive environment, but several genes, including the GAL locus in budding yeast, are recruited to the nuclear periphery on activation. Here, we combine imaging and computational modeling to ask how the association of a single gene locus with the nuclear envelope influences the surrounding chromosome architecture. Systematic analysis of an entire yeast chromosome establishes that peripheral recruitment of the

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32

Tam, Rose, Kelly P. Smith, and Jeanne B. Lawrence. "The 4q subtelomere harboring the FSHD locus is specifically anchored with peripheral heterochromatin unlike most human telomeres." Journal of Cell Biology 167, no. 2 (2004): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200403128.

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This paper investigates the nuclear localization of human telomeres and, specifically, the 4q35 subtelomere mutated in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). FSHD is a common muscular dystrophy that has been linked to contraction of D4Z4 tandem repeats, widely postulated to affect distant gene expression. Most human telomeres, such as 17q and 17p, avoid the nuclear periphery to reside within the internal, euchromatic compartment. In contrast, 4q35 localizes at the peripheral heterochromatin with 4p more internal, generating a reproducible chromosome orientation that we relate to gene expression

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33

Matsunaga, Sachihiro, and Kiichi Fukui. "The chromosome peripheral proteins play an active role in chromosome dynamics." BioMolecular Concepts 1, no. 2 (2010): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc.2010.018.

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AbstractThe chromosome periphery is a chromosomal structure that covers the surface of mitotic chromosomes. The structure and function of the chromosome periphery has been poorly understood since its first description in 1882. It has, however, been proposed to be an insulator or barrier to protect chromosomes from subcellular substances and to act as a carrier of nuclear and nucleolar components to direct their equal distribution to daughter cells because most chromosome peripheral proteins (CPPs) are derived from the nucleolus or nucleus. Until now, more than 30 CPPs were identified in mammal

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34

Bank, Erin M., and Yosef Gruenbaum. "The nuclear lamina and heterochromatin: a complex relationship." Biochemical Society Transactions 39, no. 6 (2011): 1705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20110603.

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In metazoan cells, the heterochromatin is generally localized at the nuclear periphery, whereas active genes are preferentially found in the nuclear interior. In the present paper, we review current evidence showing that components of the nuclear lamina interact directly with heterochromatin, which implicates the nuclear lamina in a mechanism of specific gene retention at the nuclear periphery and release to the nuclear interior upon gene activation. We also discuss recent data showing that mutations in lamin proteins affect gene positioning and expression, providing a potential mechanism for

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35

Hurt, E. C. "Targeting of a cytosolic protein to the nuclear periphery." Journal of Cell Biology 111, no. 6 (1990): 2829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.111.6.2829.

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The yeast nuclear envelope protein NSP1 is located at the nuclear pores and mediates its essential function via the carboxy-terminal domain. The passenger protein, cytosolic dihydrofolate reductase from mouse, was fused to the 220 residue long NSP1 carboxy-terminal domain. When expressed in yeast, this chimeric protein was tightly associated with nuclear structures and was localized at the nuclear periphery very similar to authentic NSP1. Furthermore, the DHFR-C-NSP1 fusion protein was able to complement a yeast mutant lacking a functional NSP1 gene showing that DHFR-C-NSP1 fulfils the same ba

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36

Deniaud, Emmanuelle, and Wendy A. Bickmore. "Transcription and the nuclear periphery: edge of darkness?" Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 19, no. 2 (2009): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2009.01.005.

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37

Gordon, Molly R., Benjamin D. Pope, Jiao Sima, and David M. Gilbert. "Many paths lead chromatin to the nuclear periphery." BioEssays 37, no. 8 (2015): 862–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.201500034.

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38

Lubiński, P., J. Jastrzȩbski, A. Trzcińska, et al. "Composition of the nuclear periphery from antiproton absorption." Physical Review C 57, no. 6 (1998): 2962–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.57.2962.

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39

Kalverda, Bernike, Michael D. Röling, and Maarten Fornerod. "Chromatin organization in relation to the nuclear periphery." FEBS Letters 582, no. 14 (2008): 2017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2008.04.015.

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40

Ragoczy, Tobias, Agnes Telling, Rachel Byron, M. A. Bender та Mark Groudine. "Peripheral Localization and Regulation of the Murine β-Globin Locus." Blood 110, № 11 (2007): 4070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4070.4070.

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Abstract The interphase cell nucleus is structurally and functionally compartmentalized, making the subnuclear position of genes an important determinant of their activity. During cellular differentiation, as tissue-specific expression programs unfold, dynamic reorganization of the nucleus positions sets of genes in active or repressive compartments. The nuclear periphery has emerged as an unusually complex compartment in this process. While it is marked by facultative heterochromatin and has been considered primarily as a repressive compartment, recent work suggests that active genes may also

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41

Brickner, Donna Garvey, Varun Sood, Evelina Tutucci, et al. "Subnuclear positioning and interchromosomal clustering of the GAL1-10 locus are controlled by separable, interdependent mechanisms." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 19 (2016): 2980–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-03-0174.

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On activation, the GAL genes in yeast are targeted to the nuclear periphery through interaction with the nuclear pore complex. Here we identify two cis-acting “DNA zip codes” from the GAL1-10 promoter that are necessary and sufficient to induce repositioning to the nuclear periphery. One of these zip codes, GRS4, is also necessary and sufficient to promote clustering of GAL1-10 alleles. GRS4, and to a lesser extent GRS5, contribute to stronger expression of GAL1 and GAL10 by increasing the fraction of cells that respond to the inducer. The molecular mechanism controlling targeting to the NPC i

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42

Imperador, Carlos Henrique L., Vanessa B. Bardella, Eli Heber M. dos Anjos, Vera L. C. C. Rodrigues, Diogo C. Cabral-de-Mello, and Maria Luiza S. Mello. "Spatial Distribution of Heterochromatin Bodies in the Nuclei of Triatoma infestans (Klug)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 26, no. 3 (2020): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192762000149x.

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AbstractConstitutive heterochromatin typically exhibits low gene density and is commonly found adjacent or close to the nuclear periphery, in contrast to transcriptionally active genes concentrated in the innermost nuclear region. In Triatoma infestans cells, conspicuous constitutive heterochromatin forms deeply stained structures named chromocenters. However, to the best of our knowledge, no information exists regarding whether these chromocenters acquire a precise topology in the cell nuclei or whether their 18S rDNA, which is important for ribosome function, faces the nuclear center prefere

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43

Li, Feng, Jianhua Chen, Masako Izumi, Mark C. Butler, Susan M. Keezer та David M. Gilbert. "The replication timing program of the Chinese hamster β-globin locus is established coincident with its repositioning near peripheral heterochromatin in early G1 phase". Journal of Cell Biology 154, № 2 (2001): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200104043.

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We have examined the dynamics of nuclear repositioning and the establishment of a replication timing program for the actively transcribed dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) locus and the silent β-globin gene locus in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The DHFR locus was internally localized and replicated early, whereas the β-globin locus was localized adjacent to the nuclear periphery and replicated during the middle of S phase, coincident with replication of peripheral heterochromatin. Nuclei were prepared from cells synchronized at various times during early G1 phase and stimulated to enter S phase b

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44

Alkalay, Ella, Chen Gam Ze Letova Refael, Irit Shoval, Noa Kinor, Ronit Sarid, and Yaron Shav-Tal. "The Sub-Nuclear Localization of RNA-Binding Proteins in KSHV-Infected Cells." Cells 9, no. 9 (2020): 1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9091958.

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RNA-binding proteins, particularly splicing factors, localize to sub-nuclear domains termed nuclear speckles. During certain viral infections, as the nucleus fills up with replicating virus compartments, host cell chromatin distribution changes, ending up condensed at the nuclear periphery. In this study we wished to determine the fate of nucleoplasmic RNA-binding proteins and nuclear speckles during the lytic cycle of the Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV). We found that nuclear speckles became fewer and dramatically larger, localizing at the nuclear periphery, adjacent to the mar

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45

Masny, P. S. "Localization of 4q35.2 to the nuclear periphery: is FSHD a nuclear envelope disease?" Human Molecular Genetics 13, no. 17 (2004): 1857–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddh205.

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46

Bender, M. A., Tobias Ragoczy, Rachel Byron, Agnes Telling, and Mark Groudine. "Nuclear Dynamics and Gene Activation during Erythroid Maturation." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.819.819.

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Abstract We have investigated the relationships among nuclear positioning, association with RNA polymerase II (PolII) and expression of the murine β-globin locus during erythroid differentiation, as well as the role of the locus control region (LCR) in these processes. Fetal liver cells from wildtype and LCR-deletion mouse strains were stained with a panel of antibodies, and flow cytometry was used to define and isolate cells from four stages of erythropoiesis spanning pro-erythroblasts (stage 1) to orthochromatic normoblasts and nucleated RBC (stage 4). DNA FISH analyses reveal that with incr

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47

Ranz, José M., Carlos Díaz-Castillo, and Rita Petersen. "Conserved Gene Order at the Nuclear Periphery in Drosophila." Molecular Biology and Evolution 29, no. 1 (2011): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr178.

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48

Arib, Ghislaine, and Asifa Akhtar. "Multiple facets of nuclear periphery in gene expression control." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 23, no. 3 (2011): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2010.12.005.

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49

Juríková, Katarína, Peter De Wulf, and Emilio Cusanelli. "Nuclear Periphery and Telomere Maintenance: TERRA Joins the Stage." Trends in Genetics 37, no. 7 (2021): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2021.02.003.

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50

Badan, Linda, and Claudia Crocco. "Italian wh-questions and the low periphery." Linguistics 59, no. 3 (2021): 757–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2021-0059.

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Abstract This article deals with Italian questions with a post-verbal wh-element, which are generally defined as in situ. We show that post-verbal wh-questions can be interpreted as information-seeking questions, and provide syntactic arguments supporting the hypothesis that the post-verbal wh-element is only apparently in situ. We claim that, in certain contexts, the post-verbal wh-element undergoes a syntactic movement targeting a low-peripheral focus position dedicated to the expression of informational focus. We integrate our analysis with the examination of a number of cases of low-periph

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