Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nuclear radiations

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Nuclear radiations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Nuclear radiations"

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Priya, P., J. Gowdami, V. Roshini, and G. Sinthanai Selvi. "Detection and Measurement of Nuclear Radiations." Materials Today: Proceedings 4, no. 2 (2017): 4213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.124.

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Loewe, William E. "Initial Radiations from Tactical Nuclear Weapons." Nuclear Technology 70, no. 2 (1985): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt85-a33653.

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Dolinska, M. E., N. L. Doroshko, and V. S. Olkhovsky. "On the modification of nuclear chronometry methods in astrophysics and geophysics induced by excited states of alpha radioactive nuclei and gamma emission." International Journal of Modern Physics E 23, no. 06 (2014): 1460007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301314600076.

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In practically all methods of nuclear chronometry known till now, were the lifetimes of only fundamental states for decaying α-radioactive nuclei usually taken into account. But in the processes of nuclear synthesis in stars and under the influence of the constant cosmic radiation on the surfaces of planets, also the excited α-radioactive nuclei appear. Between them, there are the states with the excited α-particles inside the parent nuclei. They have much smaller lifetimes relative to the Geiger and Nutall law. And inside the large masses of stellar, terrestrial and meteoric substances, the transitions between different excited radioactive nuclei are accompanied by infinite chains of the γ-radiations with the subsequent γ-absorptions, the further γ-radiations etc. We must describe the α-decay evolution, considering such excited states and multiple γ-radiations and γ-absorptions inside stars and also under the influence of the cosmic radiation on the earth surface. We present the quantum-mechanical approach, which is based on the generalized Krylov–Fock theorem. Some simple estimations are presented. They give rise to the conclusion that the usual (non-corrected) "nuclear clocks" do not really indicate the realistic values but the upper limits of the durations of the α-decay stellar and planet processes.
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Debertin, K. "Practical applications of radioactivity and nuclear radiations." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 56, no. 6 (2002): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(02)00048-9.

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Kitaguchi, H., H. Miyai, S. Izumi, and A. Kaihara. "Silicon semiconductor detectors for various nuclear radiations." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 43, no. 3 (1996): 1846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.507234.

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Hamby, D. M. "Practical Applications of Radioactivity and Nuclear Radiations." Health Physics 82, no. 5 (2002): 749–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-200205000-00020.

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Ali, Suha Ismail Ahmed, and Éva Lublóy. "Radiation shielding structures : Concepts, behaviour and the role of the heavy weight concrete as a shielding material - Rewiev." Concrete Structures 21 (2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32970/cs.2020.1.4.

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The construction of radiation shielding buildings still developed. Application of ionizing radiations became necessary for different reasons, like electricity generation, industry, medical (therapy treatment), agriculture, and scientific research. Different countries all over the world moving toward energy saving, besides growing the demand for using radiation in several aspects. Nuclear power plants, healthcare buildings, industrial buildings, and aerospace are the main neutrons and gamma shielding buildings. Special design and building materials are required to enhance safety and reduce the risk of radiation emission. Radiation shielding, strength, fire resistance, and durability are the most important properties, cost-effective and environmentally friendly are coming next. Heavy-weight concrete (HWC) is used widely in neutron shielding materials due to its cost-effectiveness and worthy physical and mechanical properties. This paper aims to give an overview of nuclear buildings, their application, and behaviour under different radiations. Also to review the heavy-weight concrete and heavy aggregate and their important role in developing the neutrons shielding materials. Conclusions showed there are still some gaps in improving the heavy-weight concrete (HWC) properties.
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STANTON, ROBERT. "Radiation Protection of Workers (Ionising Radiations)." Health Physics 55, no. 6 (1988): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198812000-00026.

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Ngoc, Le Van, and Trinh Dang Ha. "Monte-Carlo Determination of Dose Rates In Spherical Pressurized Water Reactor Shield." Communications in Physics 20, no. 1 (2010): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/20/1/2155.

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The nuclear reactor emits various kinds of nuclear radiations during operation. However, the main contributions to the radiation field in the reactor are given by neutrons and gamma rays. These radiation components are the principal concern of reactor shielding. In our study the neutron and gamma radiation dose rates at different depths in concrete bio-shield of the PWR were calculated based on spherical model for M-C simulation with using MCNP4C2. The simulation results were compared with the results obtained from calculations based on S$_{8}$P$_{3}$ spherical approximation with using the ANISN code.
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Albi, Elisabetta, Samuela Cataldi, Maristella Villani, and Giuseppina Perrella. "Nuclear Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingomyelin Metabolism of Thyroid Cells Changes during Stratospheric Balloon Flight." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/125412.

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Nuclear sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine metabolism is involved in the response to ultraviolet radiation treatment in different ways related to the physiological state of cells. To evaluate the effects of low levels of radiation from the stratosphere on thyroid cells, proliferating and quiescent FRTL-5 cells were flown in a stratospheric balloon (BIRBA mission). After recovery, the activity of neutral sphingomyelinase, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, sphingomyelin synthase, and reverse sphingomyelin synthase was assayed in purified nuclei and the nuclei-free fraction. In proliferating FRTL-5, space radiation stimulate nuclear neutral sphingomyelinase and reverse sphingomyelin synthase activity, whereas phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C and sphingomyelin synthase were inhibited, thus inducing sphingomyelin degradation and phosphatidylcholine synthesis. This effect was lower in quiescent cells. The possible role of nuclear lipid metabolism in the thyroid damage induced by space radiations is discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nuclear radiations"

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Kadiri, Lawal Abdul. "Dosimetry for absolute biological effectiveness of ionising radiations." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13336.

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It was shown that the conventional radiation dosimetric system which is based on RBE and LET is incapable of determining the likely consequences of ionising radiation exposure. Analyses of data on the induction of the chromosome aberrations, mutations and transformation in mammalian cells by radiations of different types and energies has indicated that (a) the induction of double strand breaks (dsb) in the DNA is their common critical lesion, (b) Fast ions and neutrons radiations are by order of magnitude more damaging than photons and electrons of equal mean free path, (c) Damage is through intra track action of the charged particles. A new system of radiation dosimetry, which does not require a radiation quality parameter, was proposed. It was based on the observation that for each of the biological endpoints considered an Absolute Biological Effectiveness (ABE) for damage by the charged particles can be defined as the product of the charged particle fluence and the saturation effect cross section, scaled with the efficiency (e) of damage by radiation of mean free path (lambda). e is given by 1-exp-(lambda0/lambda), where lambda0), about 1.8nm, is the mean inter-strand distance of the DNA. The physical requirements for its instrumentation, basically the emulation and quantification of the induction of dsb in the DNA, were defined. The feasibility for its realisation using detectors based on gas ionisation, superconductivity, secondary electron emission, and semiconductivity was assessed. Ultrathin films of rectified, organic semiconductors appeared to have the best potential, but such materials are not yet available in the physically characterised form as may be required for detector construction; investigations were made with available films of plastic scintillators. Experimental investigations have shown that by using coincidence techniques, plastic scintillator films can be used as a single volume 'microdosimeter', that is as counters of single strand breaks. Its use as a single volume 'nanodosimeter' is handicapped by light losses in the detector assembly which reduces the detector's sensitivity, efficiency and resolution. Semi-empirical analysis showed that the production of light from a phosphor differs fundamentally from the induction of biological damage. It was inferred that the plastic scintillators are unsuitable for instrumentation of the proposed system of dosimetry. Suggestions for future investigations were made.
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CECATTI, SONIA G. P. "Desenvolvimento de sistemas tandem de activimetros e estabelecimento de dosimetria beta em servicos de medicina nuclear." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11203.

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GERULIS, EDUARDO. "Controle da dose de radiação ionizante para trabalhadores em uma instalação radiativa con fontes não-seladas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11408.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:58:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Dissertacao (Mestrado)<br>IPEN/D<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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ALVES, ALICE dos S. "Estudo dos agentes de risco ocupacional e seus prováveis agravos na saúde humana." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25321.

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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-12-17T09:17:56Z No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-17T09:17:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)<br>IPEN/D<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Coupier, B. "Studies towards the understanding of the effects of ionizing radiations at the molecular scales (20 to 150 keV H+/H + He Collisions; Dissociative Electron Attachment to Water)." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012069.

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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre d'études récentes pour la compréhension à l'échelle moléculaire des effets des rayonnements ionisants sur les systèmes biologiques, mises en oeuvre par le groupe IPM de l'IPNL en collaboration avec l'Institut für Ionenphysik de l'Université d'Innsbruck. Il est composé de deux parties. La première présente un nouvel ensemble de mesures des sections efficaces d'ionisation de l'hélium par impact de protons ou d'atomes d'hydrogène dans la gamme d'énergie d'intérêt pour la radiobiologie (20 à 150keV). Il s'agit de systèmes modèles d'intérêt pour la compréhension des phénomènes de base, et les collisions H + He ont fait l'objet, jusqu'à présent, de peu d'études utilisant les techniques de coïncidences. En outre, cette étude avec l'hélium a été faite dans l'intention de réaliser un test général de fonctionnement de l'appareillage avant d'aller vers des systèmes plus complexes. Des études similaires ont été ensuite réalisées en remplaçant la cible d'hélium par l'eau ou par des molécules d'intérêt biologique (Uracil, Thymine ...). La seconde partie de la thèse traite d'un autre type de radiations ionisantes que l'on peut voir comme une des conséquences secondaires des radiations étudiées dans la première partie. Des électrons de faible énergie (1 à 16eV) sont émis lors du bombardement de la matière par des protons ou des atomes d'hydrogène rapides; ces électrons ayant à leur tour des effets ionisants sur l'environnement. Une étude de l'attachement dissociatif des électrons sur l'eau a été entreprise à l'université d'Innsbruck, motivée par l'existence d'importants désaccords entre les précédentes études sur le même sujet. Le problème de la discrimination des ions à grande énergie cinétique dans le monochromateur trochoïdal utilisé pour cette étude a fait l'objet d'une attention particulière.
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Dutra, Patrícia Maria Barragán Frattezi. "Percepção de estudantes do ensino médio sobre o tema radiação e tecnologias relacionadas: ideias informais e categorias conceituais." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2010. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=162.

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Nenhuma<br>A radiação e suas tecnologias geram reações de medo e ansiedade em diferentes comunidades, pois é comum que esses temas estejam relacionados aos seus efeitos negativos como os acidentes, as bombas atômicas e o câncer. Apesar disso, os avanços tecnológicos e as discussões envolvendo a utilização das radiações têm se tornado cada vez mais importantes a despeito da percepção pública permanecer suportada pelo senso comum. As ideias sobre radiação estão inseridas na discussão de riscos, como um problema de preocupação pública, pois como não é compreendida, gera somatização dos medos, preconceitos e insegurança na população. Os tópicos mais recorrentes na literatura envolvem a saúde dos seres humanos: radiação solar, acidentes radiológicos, energia nuclear e campos eletromagnéticos da tecnologia de telefonia móvel. A OMS (Organização Mundial de Saúde) demonstra preocupações em estudar e esclarecer à população quanto a esse último tema, pois ele tem se firmado como ponto de discussão de saúde pública internacional. Partindo dessas discussões, é interessante que a abordagem sobre os temas seja dialógica, isto é, as ideias informais do leitor inseridas na comunicação. Assim, é preciso conhecer o pensamento da população, no caso deste trabalho, dos estudantes de ensino médio, sobre o tema e como se relacionam com as situações abordadas. A partir do questionário elaborado foram levantadas as ideias apresentadas e a forma como elas influenciam suas decisões nas situações propostas. Esse trabalho, então, investigou como se pensa o conceito de radiação, a forma que se lida com tecnologias e situações relacionadas e, também, organizou e analisou essas ideias para formar as bases para uma abordagem dialógica sobre radiação e assuntos relacionados. A partir dos resultados, foi possível perceber que os estudantes associam a ideia de radiação à ondas eletromagnéticas e raios como os do sol. Contudo, essa visão não foi utilizada por eles na avaliação das situações-problema propostas, ou seja, eles não recorreram a esses conceitos para julgar as situações. Nas afirmações dos alunos é possível perceber que a apresentação de informações sobre os assuntos foi positivamente aceita, pois eles se embasaram nelas para responder ou contestar as questões.
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SOUZA, DIVANIZIA do N. "Caracterizacao do topazio natural para aplicacoes dosimetricas na faixa terapeutica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2002. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11074.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:47:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 07923.pdf: 9394711 bytes, checksum: df7d9fe1d70a7a5ba73e4ffdbe4e11e8 (MD5)<br>Tese (Doutoramento)<br>IPEN/T<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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ACAR, MARIA E. D. "Modelagem sociotécnica de uma organização nuclear: estudo de caso aplicado ao laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/25358.

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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-12-22T09:33:02Z No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-22T09:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)<br>IPEN/T<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Ben, Krit Sabrine. "Etude et développement d’une chaine de traitement analogique du signal dédiée à la détection de particules en environnement sévère." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4388.

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Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire est basé sur l’étude et le développement d’une chaine analogique de traitement du signal destinée à la détection de particules issues d’un réacteur nucléaire. Le détecteur de radiations relatif à cette chaine, étant placé au cœur du réacteur (hautes températures et radiations), deux scénarii d’intégration de la chaine analogique en environnement sévère ont été étudiés. Tandis que le premier scénario consiste à placer le préamplificateur et l’amplificateur de mise en forme loin du détecteur, le deuxième est basé sur l’intégration de ces blocs analogiques en environnement contraint. Bien que le premier scénario ait démontré de bonnes performances en termes de linéarité et sensibilité, l’amélioration de la résolution digitale fournie par le système nous a mené à investiguer le placement de la chaine tout près du détecteur. Plusieurs études, basées sur l’évaluation de la fiabilité de la structure vis-à-vis des contraintes de l’environnement sévère ont été donc élaborées. De plus une solution innovante permettant une meilleure caractérisation de la particule incidente a été présentée et détaillée<br>The work presented in this thesis is based on the study and development of an analog processing chain dedicated to the detection of particles delivred from a nuclear reactor. The radiation detector related to this chain, being placed at the heart of the reactor (high temperatures and radiation flux), two scenraii related to the integration of the analog chain in harsh environment were studied. While the first scenario consists on placing the preamplifier and the shaping amplifier away from the detector, the second is based on the integration of these analog blocks in harsh environment. Although the first scenario has proven good performances in terms of linearity and sensitivity, the improvement of the digital resolution provided by the system leaded us to investigate the placement of the chain close to the detector. Several studies based on the evaluation of the structure reliability under harsh environment constraints were thus elaborated. In addition, an innovative solution providing better characterization of the incident particle was presented and detailed
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Weulersse, Cécile. "Développement et validation d’outils Monte-Carlo pour la prédiction des basculements logiques induits par les radiations dans les mémoires Sram très largement submicroniques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20221.

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Les particules de l'environnement radiatif naturel sont responsables de dysfonctionnements dans les systèmes électroniques. Dans le cas d'applications critiques nécessitant une très haute fiabilité, il est primordial de répondre aux impératifs de sûreté de fonctionnement. Pour s'en assurer et, le cas échéant, dimensionner les protections de manière adéquate, il est nécessaire de disposer d'outils permettant d'évaluer la sensibilité de l'électronique vis-à-vis de ces perturbations.L'objectif de ce travail est le développement d'outils à destination des ingénieurs pour la prédiction des aléas logiques induits par les radiations dans les mémoires SRAM. Dans un premier temps, des bases de données de réactions nucléaires sont construites à l'aide du code de simulation Geant4. Ces bases de données sont ensuite utilisées par un outil Monte-Carlo dont les prédictions sont comparées avec des résultats d'irradiations que nous avons effectuées sur des mémoires SRAM en technologie 90 et 65 nm. Enfin, des critères simplifiés reposant sur une amélioration de la méthode SIMPA nous permettent de proposer un outil d'ingénieur pour la prédiction de la sensibilité aux protons ou aux neutrons à partir des données expérimentales ions lourds. Cette méthode est validée sur des technologies de SRAM très largement submicroniques et permet l'estimation des évènements multiples, une problématique croissante pour les applications spatiales, avioniques et terrestres<br>Particles from natural radiation environment can cause malfunctions in electronic systems. In the case of critical applications involving a very high reliability, it is crucial to fulfill the requirements of dependability. To ensure this and, if necessary, to adequately design mitigations, it is important to get tools for the sensitivity assessment of electronics towards radiations.The purpose of this work is the development of prediction tools for radiation-induced soft errors, which are primarily intended for end users. In a first step, the nuclear reaction databases were built using the Geant4 toolkit. These databases were then used by a pre-existing Monte-Carlo tool which predictions were compared with experimental results performed on 90 and 65 nm SRAM devices. Finally, simplified criteria enabled us to propose an engineering tool for the prediction of the proton or neutron sensitivity from heavy ion data. This method was validated on deep submicron devices and allows the user to estimate multiple events, which are a crucial issue in space, avionic and ground applications
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Books on the topic "Nuclear radiations"

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W, Wilson John. Transport methods and interactions for space radiations. Langley Research Center, 1991.

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Delaney, C. F. G. Radiation detectors: Physical principles and applications. Clarendon Press, 1992.

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Lowenthal, G. C. Practical applications of radioactivity and nuclear radiations: An introductory text for engineers, scientists, teachers, and students. Cambridge University Press, 2001.

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McParland, Brian J. Nuclear Medicine Radiation Dosimetry. Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-126-2.

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Radiation safety in nuclear medicine. 2nd ed. CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2007.

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Radiation safety in nuclear medicine. CRC Press, 1999.

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Eichholz, Geoffrey G. Principles of nuclear radiation detection. Lewis Publishers, 1985.

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Cantone, Marie Claire, and Christoph Hoeschen, eds. Radiation Physics for Nuclear Medicine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11327-7.

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Saha, Gopal B. Radiation Safety in Nuclear Medicine. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16406-5.

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Mattsson, Sören, and Christoph Hoeschen, eds. Radiation Protection in Nuclear Medicine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31167-3.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nuclear radiations"

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Wigner, E. P. "Protection Against Radiations." In Nuclear Energy. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77425-6_24.

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Glasstone, Samuel, and Alexander Sesonske. "Nuclear Reactions and Radiations." In Nuclear Reactor Engineering. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7525-2_2.

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Glasstone, Samuel, and Alexander Sesonske. "Nuclear Reactions and Radiations." In Nuclear Reactor Engineering. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5751-1_2.

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Del Guerra, Alberto, and Daniele Panetta. "Fundamentals of Natural and Artificial Radioactivity and Interaction of Ionizing Radiations with Matter." In Nuclear Medicine Textbook. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95564-3_1.

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Cozzi, M., and L. Patrizii. "Nuclear Track Detectors. Searches for Magnetic Monopoles and for Nuclearites." In Cosmic Radiations: From Astronomy to Particle Physics. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0634-7_8.

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Hollis, David B. "Fast Scintillator Glasses which are Hard to Nuclear Radiations." In NATO ASI Series. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1190-2_45.

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Bracket, J. "Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Structure in Relation to Metabolic Activities." In Ciba Foundation Symposium - Ionizion Radiations and Cell Metabolism. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470719008.ch2.

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Hollas, C. L., L. E. Ussery, K. B. Butterfield, and R. E. Morgado. "Analysis of Biological Samples Using Prompt Gamma Radiations Induced by 14.7-MeV Neutrons." In Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences. Humana Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0473-2_12.

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Faw, Richard E., and J. Kenneth Shultis. "Radiation Sources." In Nuclear Energy. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5716-9_13.

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Shultis, J. Kenneth, and Richard E. Faw. "Radiation Shielding." In Nuclear Energy. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5716-9_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nuclear radiations"

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Akbar, Sajjad, M. Shahid Khalil, and Shahzad Ahmad. "Protection and Monitoring of Ionizing Radiation - Nuclear Medicine." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75227.

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The advancement in technology has resulted into development of Telethrapy and X-ray machine which has high potential hazards of ionizing radiation to user and patient exposed. Ionizing radiations are referred as gamma rays photons. X-rays can cause conjunctivitis and sterility. Ionization radiation is hazard both in radiotherapy and nuclear medicine department. The energy of this radiation is around 10eV, higher the energy of radiation greater is hazard because of penetration into tissues the basic protection rule is either move way from source of radiation or put absorber in between. These equipments are tools of diagnostics, therefore international commission on radiological protection (ICRP) ha recommended that exposure to radiation be kept minimum. Designing of teletherapy facilities play important role in protection and monitoring of radiations. The author has analyzed the protective measures and monitoring of radiations in various hospitals in public and private sector in Rawalpindi / Islamabad Pakistan. It has been observed that only in military hospitals strict protective and monitoring measurers are taken against radiations but in other public and private sector hospitals such measure are compromised due to lack of proper awareness. Pakistan nuclear regulatory authority (PNRA) is taking measures for ensuring protective and monitoring measurer against radiations and arousing awareness to all concerns.
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Bin Sazali, Muhammad Arif, Nahrul Khair Alang Md Rashid, and Khaidzir Hamzah. "Ant Colony Optimization of Multilayer Shielding for Mixed Neutron and Gamma Radiations: A Preliminary Study." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67765.

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Mixed neutron and gamma radiations require different shielding materials as their interaction with materials is different. Composites were developed in order to combine the shielding capabilities of different materials. However, their homogeneity is difficult to be assured which can lead to pinholes where radiation can penetrate. To avoid this problem, several materials arranged in layers can be used to shield against mixed radiations. Since the multilayer shielding can be made from any material in many configurations, the ant colony optimization (ACO) is a promising method because it deals with combinatorial optimization problems. The candidate materials are HDPE, boron, cadmium, gadolinium, tungsten, bismuth, and iron. Preliminary MCNP simulations were done to observe the effect of arrangements, thicknesses, and types of materials on the radiation spectrum. It was found that: (1) the final layer should be made of high density material, (2) an increase beyond certain thicknesses did not result in a significant increase in attenuation, and (3) there should be an optimum combination of material that can effectively shield against both neutrons and gamma rays.
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Degmová, Jarmila, Vladimír Kršjak, Martin Petriska, Jana Šimeg Veterníková, and Stanislav Sojak. "Microstructural properties of materials for nuclear applications." In 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATIONS AND APPLICATIONS (ICRA-2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5048858.

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Tawara, Yuzuru, Shinji Hara, Kazuo Koga, and Kenji Tsuji. "Application of Cloud Chambers for Heuristic Comprehension of Radiation." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16909.

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In the nuclear-related public relation center, a variety of displays such as models of nuclear facility, panel presentations to explain radiation properties, radiation detectors are used for the visitors to help the understanding of nuclear power and radiation. The PR center demonstrates various aspect of the radiation such as the presence of natural background radiations around us in the daily life, shielding effect for the different kind of radiations. Cloud Chambers are often used to demonstrate the presence of natural background radiation, showing tracks caused by the ionizing effect. The shielding effect of radiation is demonstrated by inserting a shield material between a radiation source and the detector such as GM counter. It is usually illustrated in the panel that the penetration properties are different for kinds of radiation but actual demonstration is seldom used. Then a question arises that people cannot properly understand overall characteristics of the radiation in the above described demonstrations in the PR center. So we have been trying to improve a utilization method of a cloud chamber to help the deep understanding of properties of radiation. The improved cloud chamber has the area size of 225 mm × 225 mm with 100 mm in depth and has the structure for the function of insertion and extraction of both a radiation source and a shield material, independently. When a radiation source such as Cs-137 or Fe-55 is inserted in the chamber, it is clearly shown that high energy electron created by gamma-ray or X-ray emitted from such radioisotope can make track with different length. It is also shown using lantern core with thorium-series isotopes that thick track can be made by alpha particle. Fe-55 radioisotope generates 5.9 keV X-rays, which produces about 1mm track in the chamber through photoelectron. When a shield material of lead with a thickness of 1mm was inserted in front of the source, the fading out of the tracks is clearly observed. Thus shielding effect can be easily confirmed by eye using cloud chamber. The demonstrations of shielding effect described above can help more clear and essential understanding of the radiations. This was shown by the questionnaire survey done before and after the demonstrations for the 32 participants. For further improvements of the cloud chamber, we are planning to enlarge the size of cloud chamber and to get much clearer track image by improving track illumination method. Finally we will re-consider more effective explanation to give correct understanding of the radiation and will verify the effectiveness of utilization method of new cloud chamber.
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Townsend, L. W., and J. W. Wilson. "Nuclear cross sections for estimating secondary radiations produced in spacecraft." In HIGH−ENERGY RADIATION BACKGROUND IN SPACE. AIP, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.38177.

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Cai, Wei. "Theoretical studies on Santilli’s intermediate nuclear fusions without radiations." In NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2012: International Conference of Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4756314.

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Gmuca, Štefan, and Ján Kliman. "Making nuclear and XRF targets with the HIVIPP method." In 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATIONS AND APPLICATIONS (ICRA-2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5048865.

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Medouri, E. M., D. Ailem, K. Sidi-Ali, and T. Belmrabet. "Spherical fuel for high temperature nuclear reactors; thermal hydraulic analysis." In 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATIONS AND APPLICATIONS (ICRA-2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5048161.

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Schmidt, Sebastian, Daniel Fiß, and Alexander Kratzsch. "Analysis of a Concept for the Diagnosis of the Core State During Severe Accidents in Pressurized Water Reactors." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30180.

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In line with the cooperative project “Non-invasive Condition Monitoring of Nuclear Reactors for the Detection of Level Change and Deformation of the Core” between the Technical University Dresden and the Institute of Process Technology, Process Automation and Measuring Technology (IPM) of Zittau/Goerlitz University of Applied Sciences, a measuring system for the core state diagnosis during a core melt accident in the reactor pressure vessel of a pressurized water reactor is going to be developed. The operational principle of this system is based on the non-invasive measurement of continuously changing gamma radiations (caused by the shifting of melted materials and fission products) outside of the reactor pressure vessel by means of several gamma radiation sensors. The sensors are arranged over the height of the core and the lower head. By using computer based and real-time capable methods for evaluation of the measured gamma radiations conclusions about the core state can subsequently be drawn. This paper includes a description of a concept as well as several methods for the core state diagnosis during a core melt accident. The main part is the analysis of the methods for the core state diagnosis based on different evaluation criteria.
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Zheng Li, J. Harkonen, W. Chen, et al. "Radiation hardness of high resistivity CZ Si detectors after gamma, neutron and proton radiations." In 2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37515). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2003.1351867.

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Reports on the topic "Nuclear radiations"

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Scarlett, Harry Alan. Nuclear Weapon Radiation Effects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1638617.

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Weber, William J. Radiation Effects in Nuclear Waste Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893271.

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Weber, William J., L. Rene Corrales, Nancy J. Ness, et al. Radiation Effects in Nuclear Waste Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/985099.

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Weber, William J. Radiation Effects in Nuclear Waste Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/881101.

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Rundberg, Robert S. Nuclear Forensics and Radiochemistry: Radiation Detection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1408824.

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Brown, Dennis Eugene. Nuclear dynamical diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10162176.

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William j. Weber, Lumin Wang, and Jonathan Icenhower. Radiation Effects in Nuclear Waste Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828619.

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Weber, William J., and L. Rene Corrales. Radiation Effects in Nuclear Waste Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826436.

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Weber, William J. Radiation Effects in Nuclear Waste Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826437.

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Weber, William J. RADIATION EFFECTS IN NUCLEAR WASTE MATERIALS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826438.

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