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Journal articles on the topic 'Nuclear radiations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Priya, P., J. Gowdami, V. Roshini, and G. Sinthanai Selvi. "Detection and Measurement of Nuclear Radiations." Materials Today: Proceedings 4, no. 2 (2017): 4213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.124.

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2

Loewe, William E. "Initial Radiations from Tactical Nuclear Weapons." Nuclear Technology 70, no. 2 (1985): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt85-a33653.

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3

Dolinska, M. E., N. L. Doroshko, and V. S. Olkhovsky. "On the modification of nuclear chronometry methods in astrophysics and geophysics induced by excited states of alpha radioactive nuclei and gamma emission." International Journal of Modern Physics E 23, no. 06 (2014): 1460007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301314600076.

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In practically all methods of nuclear chronometry known till now, were the lifetimes of only fundamental states for decaying α-radioactive nuclei usually taken into account. But in the processes of nuclear synthesis in stars and under the influence of the constant cosmic radiation on the surfaces of planets, also the excited α-radioactive nuclei appear. Between them, there are the states with the excited α-particles inside the parent nuclei. They have much smaller lifetimes relative to the Geiger and Nutall law. And inside the large masses of stellar, terrestrial and meteoric substances, the transitions between different excited radioactive nuclei are accompanied by infinite chains of the γ-radiations with the subsequent γ-absorptions, the further γ-radiations etc. We must describe the α-decay evolution, considering such excited states and multiple γ-radiations and γ-absorptions inside stars and also under the influence of the cosmic radiation on the earth surface. We present the quantum-mechanical approach, which is based on the generalized Krylov–Fock theorem. Some simple estimations are presented. They give rise to the conclusion that the usual (non-corrected) "nuclear clocks" do not really indicate the realistic values but the upper limits of the durations of the α-decay stellar and planet processes.

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4

Debertin, K. "Practical applications of radioactivity and nuclear radiations." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 56, no. 6 (2002): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(02)00048-9.

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5

Kitaguchi, H., H. Miyai, S. Izumi, and A. Kaihara. "Silicon semiconductor detectors for various nuclear radiations." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 43, no. 3 (1996): 1846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.507234.

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6

Hamby, D. M. "Practical Applications of Radioactivity and Nuclear Radiations." Health Physics 82, no. 5 (2002): 749–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-200205000-00020.

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7

Ali, Suha Ismail Ahmed, and Éva Lublóy. "Radiation shielding structures : Concepts, behaviour and the role of the heavy weight concrete as a shielding material - Rewiev." Concrete Structures 21 (2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32970/cs.2020.1.4.

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The construction of radiation shielding buildings still developed. Application of ionizing radiations became necessary for different reasons, like electricity generation, industry, medical (therapy treatment), agriculture, and scientific research. Different countries all over the world moving toward energy saving, besides growing the demand for using radiation in several aspects. Nuclear power plants, healthcare buildings, industrial buildings, and aerospace are the main neutrons and gamma shielding buildings. Special design and building materials are required to enhance safety and reduce the risk of radiation emission. Radiation shielding, strength, fire resistance, and durability are the most important properties, cost-effective and environmentally friendly are coming next. Heavy-weight concrete (HWC) is used widely in neutron shielding materials due to its cost-effectiveness and worthy physical and mechanical properties. This paper aims to give an overview of nuclear buildings, their application, and behaviour under different radiations. Also to review the heavy-weight concrete and heavy aggregate and their important role in developing the neutrons shielding materials. Conclusions showed there are still some gaps in improving the heavy-weight concrete (HWC) properties.

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8

STANTON, ROBERT. "Radiation Protection of Workers (Ionising Radiations)." Health Physics 55, no. 6 (1988): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198812000-00026.

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9

Ngoc, Le Van, and Trinh Dang Ha. "Monte-Carlo Determination of Dose Rates In Spherical Pressurized Water Reactor Shield." Communications in Physics 20, no. 1 (2010): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/20/1/2155.

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The nuclear reactor emits various kinds of nuclear radiations during operation. However, the main contributions to the radiation field in the reactor are given by neutrons and gamma rays. These radiation components are the principal concern of reactor shielding. In our study the neutron and gamma radiation dose rates at different depths in concrete bio-shield of the PWR were calculated based on spherical model for M-C simulation with using MCNP4C2. The simulation results were compared with the results obtained from calculations based on S$_{8}$P$_{3}$ spherical approximation with using the ANISN code.

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10

Albi, Elisabetta, Samuela Cataldi, Maristella Villani, and Giuseppina Perrella. "Nuclear Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingomyelin Metabolism of Thyroid Cells Changes during Stratospheric Balloon Flight." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/125412.

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Nuclear sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine metabolism is involved in the response to ultraviolet radiation treatment in different ways related to the physiological state of cells. To evaluate the effects of low levels of radiation from the stratosphere on thyroid cells, proliferating and quiescent FRTL-5 cells were flown in a stratospheric balloon (BIRBA mission). After recovery, the activity of neutral sphingomyelinase, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, sphingomyelin synthase, and reverse sphingomyelin synthase was assayed in purified nuclei and the nuclei-free fraction. In proliferating FRTL-5, space radiation stimulate nuclear neutral sphingomyelinase and reverse sphingomyelin synthase activity, whereas phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C and sphingomyelin synthase were inhibited, thus inducing sphingomyelin degradation and phosphatidylcholine synthesis. This effect was lower in quiescent cells. The possible role of nuclear lipid metabolism in the thyroid damage induced by space radiations is discussed.

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11

Harihar, P., W. J. Stapor, and A. B. Campbell. "Rise time spectroscopy of nuclear radiations in stilbene." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 272, no. 3 (1988): 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(88)90758-9.

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12

Scott, Bobby R., and Jennifer Di Palma. "Sparsely Ionizing Diagnostic and Natural Background Radiations are Likely Preventing Cancer and other Genomic-Instability-Associated Diseases." Dose-Response 5, no. 3 (2007): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.06-002.scott.

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Routine diagnostic X-rays (e.g., chest X-rays, mammograms, computed tomography scans) and routine diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures using sparsely ionizing radiation forms (e.g., beta and gamma radiations) stimulate the removal of precancerous neoplastically transformed and other genomically unstable cells from the body (medical radiation hormesis). The indicated radiation hormesis arises because radiation doses above an individual-specific stochastic threshold activate a system of cooperative protective processes that include high-fidelity DNA repair/apoptosis (presumed p53 related), an auxiliary apoptosis process (PAM process) that is presumed p53-independent, and stimulated immunity. These forms of induced protection are called adapted protection because they are associated with the radiation adaptive response. Diagnostic X-ray sources, other sources of sparsely ionizing radiation used in nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures, as well as radioisotope-labeled immunoglobulins could be used in conjunction with apoptosis-sensitizing agents (e.g., the natural phenolic compound resveratrol) in curing existing cancer via low-dose fractionated or low-dose, low-dose-rate therapy (therapeutic radiation hormesis). Evidence is provided to support the existence of both therapeutic (curing existing cancer) and medical (cancer prevention) radiation hormesis. Evidence is also provided demonstrating that exposure to environmental sparsely ionizing radiations, such as gamma rays, protect from cancer occurrence and the occurrence of other diseases via inducing adapted protection (environmental radiation hormesis).

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13

Harding, L. K. "Radiation safety in the nuclear medicine department: impact of the UKIonising Radiations Regulations." British Journal of Radiology 60, no. 717 (1987): 915–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-60-717-915.

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14

Narhari Patange, Ashok. "Thermodynamics of Ion Exchange Reaction in Predicting the Ionic Selectivity Behavior of UV Radiation Degraded Nuclear-grade and Non-nuclear Grade Resins." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 4 (2018): 2051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/3404044.

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The study represents the evaluation of performance of structurally related resins DuoliteARA 9366 and Duolite A-378 exposed to UV radiations of wavelength λ=254nm and λ = 384nm for 24 h in a UV Chamber and equilibrated separately with iodide ion solutions of different concentrations between temperature of 30.0oC - 45.0oC for 5 h .the equilibrium constants (K) values for Cl-/I- reactions with temperature for DuoliteARA-9366 were decreases from 21.57 x 10-2 to 15.57 x 10-2 for resin degraded at UV radiation of 384nm was lower than the decrease in K values from 26.22 x 10-2 to 19.92 x10-2 observed for the resin degraded at UV radiation of wavelength λ=254nm. Similar results were obtained for DuoliteA378 .The UV degradation of the resin surfaces were recognized by SEM and IR. The high K and low enthalpy values obtained for DuoliteARA-9366 shows that DuoliteARA-9366 was more selective towards iodide ions in solution than DuoliteA-378.

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15

Bai, Ying, and Dali Wang. "Select the Optimized Effective Dose to Reduce Nuclear Radiations in Pediatric Nuclear Medicine." World Journal of Nuclear Medicine 13, no. 1 (2014): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1450-1147.138573.

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16

Behbahani, Alireza, and James N. Anno. "Measured Insensitivity of Memory Devices to Various Nuclear Radiations." Nuclear Technology 111, no. 1 (1995): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt95-a35145.

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17

Holmgren, I. "The hazards to man of nuclear and allied radiations." Acta Medica Scandinavica 156, no. 1 (2009): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1956.tb00072.x.

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18

FUJITAKA, KAZUNOBU. "Radiations in Cosmic Environment." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan 35, no. 10 (1993): 880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.35.880.

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19

Alberts, W. G., D. T. Bartlett, J. L. Chartier, et al. "Abstract." Journal of the ICRU 1, no. 3 (2001): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru_1.3.9.

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ICRU Report 47 deals with the measurement of dose equivalents from external photon and electron radiations. This Report provides guidance for the measurement of the operational dose equivalent quantities for neutron radiation, taking into account the recommendations of ICRP Publication 60. The Report addresses occupational neutron radiation protection for the nuclear industry, civil aviation, medical, research and industrial applications. It is directed to readers who need practical advice; it also serves as an introduction into the peculiarities of neutron measurements, describing the principles and methods of neutron measurement.

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20

Rad, Azam Niroomand, and Colin Orton. "Recent developments in therapeutic applications of atomic and nuclear radiations." Atoms for Peace: an International Journal 1, no. 2/3 (2006): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/afp.2006.010346.

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21

Campagna, Leonardo, Pilar Benites, Stephen C. Lougheed, et al. "Rapid phenotypic evolution during incipient speciation in a continental avian radiation." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1734 (2011): 1847–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2170.

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Adaptive radiations have helped shape how we view animal speciation, particularly classic examples such as Darwin's finches, Hawaiian fruitflies and African Great Lakes cichlids. These ‘island’ radiations are comparatively recent, making them particularly interesting because the mechanisms that caused diversification are still in motion. Here, we identify a new case of a recent bird radiation within a continentally distributed species group; the capuchino seedeaters comprise 11 Sporophila species originally described on the basis of differences in plumage colour and pattern in adult males. We use molecular data together with analyses of male plumage and vocalizations to understand species limits of the group. We find marked phenotypic variation despite lack of mitochondrial DNA monophyly and few differences in other putatively neutral nuclear markers. This finding is consistent with the group having undergone a recent radiation beginning in the Pleistocene, leaving genetic signatures of incomplete lineage sorting, introgressive hybridization and demographic expansions. We argue that this apparent uncoupling between neutral DNA homogeneity and phenotypic diversity is expected for a recent group within the framework of coalescent theory. Finally, we discuss how the ecology of open habitats in South America during the Pleistocene could have helped promote this unique and ongoing radiation.

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22

Reed, G. "New ionising radiations legislation." Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection 5, no. 3 (1985): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0260-2814/5/3/405.

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23

Yoo, Min, Sung Min Shin, and Hyun Gook Kang. "Development of Instrument Transmitter Protecting Device against High-Temperature Condition during Severe Accidents." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/345729.

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Reliable information through instrumentation systems is essential in mitigating severe accidents such as the one that occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. There are five elements which might pose a potential threat to the reliability of parameter detection at nuclear power plants during a severe accident: high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, high radiation, and missiles generated during the evolution of a severe accident. Of these, high temperature apparently poses the most serious threat, since thin shielding can get rid of pressure, humidity, radiation (specifically, alpha and beta radiations), and missile effects. In view of this fact, our study focused on designing an instrument transmitter protecting device that can eliminate the high-temperature effect on transmitters to maintain their functional integrity. We present herein a novel concept for designing such a device in terms of heat transfer model that takes into account various heat transfer mechanisms associated with the device.

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24

HARDING, L. K., S. R. HESSLEWOOD, B. L. REECE, P. J. ROBERTS, and W. H. THOMSON. "Implications of the Ionizing Radiations Regulations for typical nuclear medicine departments." Nuclear Medicine Communications 7, no. 3 (1986): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-198603000-00002.

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25

TANIR, Ayşe Güneş, Mustafa Hicabi BÖLÜKDEMİR, and Tülay Neşe KIZILIRMAK. "Effects of different types of nuclear radiations on optically stimulated luminescence." TURKISH JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 37 (2013): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/fiz-1302-5.

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26

Harihar, P., A. R. Knudson, W. J. Stapor, and A. B. Campbell. "Rise time spectroscopy of nuclear radiations in a CsI(Tl) scintillator." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 283, no. 1 (1989): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(89)91256-4.

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27

NITTA, HIDEO. "DIFFRACTED CHANNELING RADIATION AND OTHER COMPOUND RADIATION PROCESSES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, supp01 (2010): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10049979.

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Radiations from a crystal irradiated with relativistic charged particles are reviewed with the emphasis on their fundamental processes. As their "compound processes" diffraction of both channeling radiation and coherent bremsstrahlung are considered. Coherent polarization radiation from neutral particles with magnetic moment is discussed within the framework of classical electrodynamics.

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28

PINTO, SERGE DUARTE. "GEM APPLICATIONS OUTSIDE HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS." Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 13 (2013): 1340025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313400257.

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From its invention in 1997, the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) has been applied in nuclear and high energy physics experiments. Over time however, other applications have also exploited the favorable properties of GEMs. The use of GEMs in these applications will be explained in principle and practice. This paper reviews applications in research, beam instrumentation and homeland security. The detectors described measure neutral radiations such as photons, x-rays, gamma rays and neutrons, as well as all kinds of charged radiation. This paper provides an overview of the still expanding range of possibilities of this versatile detector concept.

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29

Evans, H. D. "The ionising radiations regulations 1985." Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection 6, no. 1 (1986): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0260-2814/6/1/407.

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30

Sheino, Igor N., Vyacheslav F. Khokhlov, and Pavel V. Izhevskiy. "Development of the Binary Technologies for Radiation Therapy of Malignant Tumors – Current State and Problems." Advanced Materials Research 1084 (January 2015): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1084.369.

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The study analyses the current status and prospects of development of new radiation therapy methods, such as neutron capture therapy (NCT) and photon capture therapy (PCT), based on elements having high interaction cross section with radiations, to identify the benefits in their clinical application. One of the problems of NCT is the lack (or unavailability) of neutron sources with required intensity and spectrum. National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University has an opportunity of carrying out clinical studies, due to the presence of operating research nuclear reactor. However, the development of the medical neutron channel at this reactor is extremely challenging.

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31

Mohanty, Payal, Sabyasachi Ghosh, and Sukanya Mitra. "Electromagnetic Radiations from Heavy Ion Collision." Advances in High Energy Physics 2013 (2013): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/176578.

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In this review, we have discussed the different sources of photons and dileptons produced in heavy ion collision (HIC). The transverse momentum (pT) spectra of photons for different collision energies are analyzed with a view of extracting the thermal properties of the system formed in HIC. We showed the effect of viscosity onpTspectra of produced thermal photons. The dilepton productions from hot hadrons are considered including the spectral change of light vector mesons in the thermal bath. We have analyzed thepTand invariant mass (M) spectra of dileptons for different collision energies too. As the individual spectra are constrained by certain unambiguous hydrodynamical inputs, so we evaluated the ratio of photon to dilepton spectra,Rem, to overcome those quantities. We argue that the variation of the radial velocity extracted fromRemwithMis indicative of a phase transition from the initially produced partons to hadrons. In the calculations of interferometry involving dilepton pairs, it is argued that the nonmonotonic variation of HBT radii with invariant mass of the lepton pairs signals the formation of quark gluon plasma in HIC. Elliptic flow (v2) of dilepton is also studied atsNN=2.76 TeV for 30–40% centrality using the(2+1)dhydrodynamical model.

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32

Pourjafar, Mansoureh. "Radioisotopes in Agricultural Industry." IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) 8, no. 3 (2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jte.v8.n3.p1.

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<p>In environment there are approximately 300 nuclei, containing of different components and their isotopes. Isotopes are nuclei having the similar number of protons and different number of neutrons. Radioisotopes can be applied in vast range of agricultural systems. Scientists are solving the mysteries of multitude agricultural difficulties, which could not have been conceivable with formal ways. Radioisotopes were used in many range of application such as killing insects which damage the food grains by radiations, determining the function of fertilizers in different plants and increase the agricultural produce. Fruits, cereals, canned food and vegetables can be stored for longer periods by moderately exposing them to radiations. Uses of radioisotopes applicable techniques are helping the researchers to find the answer of difficulties in much lesser time. Radioisotopes can be produce from different sources such as nuclear reactors and other atomic installations, and this situation have increased the use of radioisotopes in the agricultural systems. The current paper shortly illustrates the importance of radioisotopes and their radiation in the agricultural areas.</p>

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33

Shahmohammadi Beni, Mehrdad, Hiroshi Watabe, Dragana Krstic, Dragoslav Nikezic, and Kwan Ngok Yu. "MCHP (Monte Carlo + Human Phantom): Platform to facilitate teaching nuclear radiation physics." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0257638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257638.

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Some concepts in nuclear radiation physics are abstract and intellectually demanding. In the present paper, an “MCHP platform” (MCHP was an acronym for Monte Carlo simulations + Human Phantoms) was proposed to provide assistance to the students through visualization. The platform involved Monte Carlo simulations of interactions between ionizing radiations and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) adult male human phantom. As an example to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed MCHP platform, the present paper investigated the variation of the absorbed photon dose per photon from a 137Cs source in three selected organs, namely, brain, spine and thyroid of an adult male for concrete and lead shields with varying thicknesses. The results were interesting but not readily comprehensible without direct visualization. Graphical visualization snapshots as well as video clips of real time interactions between the photons and the human phantom were presented for the involved cases, and the results were explained with the help of such snapshots and video clips. It is envisaged that, if the platform is found useful and effective by the readers, the readers can also propose examples to be gradually added onto this platform in future, with the ultimate goal of enhancing students’ understanding and learning the concepts in an undergraduate nuclear radiation physics course or a related course.

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34

Lee, B. Q., T. Kibédi, A. E. Stuchbery, and K. A. Robertson. "Atomic Radiations in the Decay of Medical Radioisotopes: A Physics Perspective." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/651475.

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Auger electrons emitted in nuclear decay offer a unique tool to treat cancer cells at the scale of a DNA molecule. Over the last forty years many aspects of this promising research goal have been explored, however it is still not in the phase of serious clinical trials. In this paper, we review the physical processes of Auger emission in nuclear decay and present a new model being developed to evaluate the energy spectrum of Auger electrons, and hence overcome the limitations of existing computations.

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35

Dufourcq-Sekatcheff, Elizabeth, Stephan Cuiné, Yonghua Li-Beisson, et al. "Deciphering Differential Life Stage Radioinduced Reproductive Decline in Caenorhabditis elegans through Lipid Analysis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (2021): 10277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910277.

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Wildlife is chronically exposed to various sources of ionizing radiations, both environmental or anthropic, due to nuclear energy use, which can induce several defects in organisms. In invertebrates, reproduction, which directly impacts population dynamics, has been found to be the most radiosensitive endpoint. Understanding the underlying molecular pathways inducing this reproduction decrease can help in predicting the effects at larger scales (i.e., population). In this study, we used a life stage dependent approach in order to better understand the molecular determinants of reproduction decrease in the roundworm C. elegans. Worms were chronically exposed to 50 mGy·h−1 external gamma ionizing radiations throughout different developmental periods (namely embryogenesis, gametogenesis, and full development). Then, in addition to reproduction parameters, we performed a wide analysis of lipids (different class and fatty acid via FAMES), which are both important signaling molecules for reproduction and molecular targets of oxidative stress. Our results showed that reproductive defects are life stage dependent, that lipids are differently misregulated according to the considered exposure (e.g., upon embryogenesis and full development) and do not fully explain radiation induced reproductive defects. Finally, our results enable us to propose a conceptual model of lipid signaling after radiation stress in which both the soma and the germline participate.

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OO, Myo, Nahrul Rashid, Julia Karim, et al. "Electrical characterization of commercial NPN bipolar junction transistors under neutron and gamma irradiation." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 29, no. 1 (2014): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1401046o.

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Electronics components such as bipolar junction transistors, diodes, etc. which are used in deep space mission are required to be tolerant to extensive exposure to energetic neutrons and ionizing radiation. This paper examines neutron radiation with pneumatic transfer system of TRIGA Mark-II reactor at the Malaysian Nuclear Agency. The effects of the gamma radiation from Co-60 on silicon NPN bipolar junction transistors is also be examined. Analyses on irradiated transistors were performed in terms of the electrical characteristics such as current gain, collector current and base current. Experimental results showed that the current gain on the devices degraded significantly after neutron and gamma radiations. Neutron radiation can cause displacement damage in the bulk layer of the transistor structure and gamma radiation can induce ionizing damage in the oxide layer of emitter-base depletion layer. The current gain degradation is believed to be governed by the increasing recombination current in the base-emitter depletion region.

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37

SAKABE, Shuji, Toshiyuki IIDA, and Akito TAKAHASHI. "Generation of Radiations with Ultra-intense Lasers. Expectation on "Laser Nuclear Engineering"." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan 43, no. 10 (2001): 996–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.43.996.

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38

Torrisi, L., and A. Cannavò. "SiC detectors to monitor ionizing radiations emitted from nuclear events and plasmas." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 171, no. 9-10 (2016): 695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420150.2016.1235575.

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39

Ghirga, Giovanni. "Spike radiations near nuclear power plants may be the culprit: Figure 1." International Journal of Epidemiology 41, no. 1 (2012): 319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr209.

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40

Dicello, John F. "Absorption Characteristics of Protons and Photons in Tissue." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 6, no. 4_suppl (2007): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15330346070060s404.

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This presentation reviews the radiation quality of protons and other energetic ion beams, where radiation quality refers to those relevant physical properties other than the dose of the different types of radiations that can contribute to differences in the absorption characteristics in various tissues and the corresponding clinical outcomes. Prior to initiation of clinical trials with protons, neutrons, pions, and heavy ions, it was generally believed that such particles might have a therapeutic advantage resulting from their greater relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Potential clinical advantages resulting from a greater biological effectiveness, however, have generally been overshadowed during the last three decades by improved controls or reduced complications resulting primarily from the better dose delivery and localization that was possible with these heavier particles in conjunction with improved imaging. The successes both in delivery and in the clinical responses with protons and other light ions resulting from improved dose localization have arguably led the way in stereotactic radiosurgery, intensity modulated radiation therapy, and tomotherapy, stimulating improved methods with conventional radiations as well. Protons or light ions differ significantly in comparison with photon or electron beams in how they interact with the tissue atoms and molecules, and in how they transfer energy to those tissues. Microscopically, the heavier particles tend to travel in straight lines and produce long tracks with the energy concentrated closer to the track of the primary particle, while photons or electrons tend to scatter more easily and produce a more uniform distribution of energy transfers. Because they are hadrons, i.e., nuclear particles, protons and ions are more likely to produce long-range nuclear secondaries with higher masses. This higher concentration of energy associated with the heavier particle beams and the more massive secondaries results in differences in dose localization, clinically and microscopically, and therefore potential differences in short-term and long-term chemical and biological processes. Protons tend to have the least differences in clinical response in comparison with photons and electrons, the radiations used conventionally in therapy, but biological differences have been observed for these particles; it behooves us, therefore, to understand these different mechanisms if we are to take full advantage of their benefits. This article reviews the physical properties of these different particles in terms of microdosimetric distributions of energy deposition in order to compare protons with photons and heavy ions.

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Parker, Robert G. "Palliative Use of Ionizing Radiations." Acta Oncologica 35, no. 8 (1996): 981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02841869609100715.

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Srii, Ritesh. "Evaluation of the Cytomorphometric Changes Observed in the Oral Mucosal Cells Exposed to Computed Tomography." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 14, no. 2 (2018): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v14i2.19912.

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Background:Radiography forms an important as well as an integral part of diagnosis which is used in various fields of medical and dental services to give an appropriate diagnosis. But, diagnostic radiations also induce some amount of damage to the cell at cytogenetic levels, depending on the dosage of the radiation administered. Objective:The objective of the present study was to observe the cytomorphometric changes in the buccal mucosa of patients who were exposed to computed tomography.Materials and methods:Study sample consisted of 15 patients who were exposed to Computed Tomography prior to treatment planning for placement of dental implants. Buccal mucosal smears were obtained pre and 10 days post radiation exposure by using a wooden tongue depressor and the contents were smeared on to clean glass slides and fixed using Biofix spray. Post fixation, these smears were stained using rapid PAP stain and viewed under compound microscope. Cytomorphometric analysis was performed using image ‘J’ software for 50 cells. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.Results: Cytomorphometric analysis of the buccal mucosal cells, did show variations in the nuclear and cellular parameters, but statistical significant results were obtained in case of nuclear diameter and nuclear area only suggesting genotoxic alterations following exposure to computed tomography.Conclusion: Oral buccal mucosal cells showed significant cytomorphometric changes in the nuclear parameters after exposure to X-rays during Computed Tomography. A longitudinal study consisting of a bigger sample size is required to evaluate the long-term effects of radiation on these buccal mucosa cells.Keywords: buccal mucosa; computed tomography; cytomorphometry; radiation.

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CHEN, DE-YOU, and XIAO-TAO ZU. "HAWKING RADIATION OF FERMIONS FOR THE KERR–SEN DILATON–AXION BLACK HOLE." Modern Physics Letters A 24, no. 14 (2009): 1159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732309027133.

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Recent research on Hawking radiations of the Rindler spacetime and spherically symmetric uncharged spacetime shows that the Hawking temperature can be obtained by fermions tunnelling method. In this paper, we extend this work to the charged rotating spacetime and review the Hawking radiation of the Kerr–Sen dilaton–axion black hole by fermions tunnelling. The Hawking temperature is recovered and is exactly the same as that obtained by other methods.

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Schwarzer, Julia, Ernst Roelof Swartz, Emmanuel Vreven, et al. "Repeated trans-watershed hybridization among haplochromine cichlids (Cichlidae) was triggered by Neogene landscape evolution." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1746 (2012): 4389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1667.

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The megadiverse haplochromine cichlid radiations of the East African lakes, famous examples of explosive speciation and adaptive radiation, are according to recent studies, introgressed by different riverine lineages. This study is based on the first comprehensive mitochondrial and nuclear DNA dataset from extensive sampling of riverine haplochromine cichlids. It includes species from the lower River Congo and Angolan (River Kwanza) drainages. Reconstruction of phylogenetic hypotheses revealed the paradox of clearly discordant phylogenetic signals. Closely related mtDNA haplotypes are distributed thousands of kilometres apart and across major African watersheds, whereas some neighbouring species carry drastically divergent mtDNA haplotypes. At shallow and deep phylogenetic layers, strong signals of hybridization are attributed to the complex Late Miocene/Early Pliocene palaeohistory of African rivers. Hybridization of multiple lineages across changing watersheds shaped each of the major haplochromine radiations in lakes Tanganyika, Victoria, Malawi and the Kalahari Palaeolakes, as well as a miniature species flock in the Congo basin (River Fwa). On the basis of our results, introgression occurred not only on a spatially restricted scale, but massively over almost the whole range of the haplochromine distribution. This provides an alternative view on the origin and exceptional high diversity of this enigmatic vertebrate group.

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&NA;. "Health service use of ionizing radiations." Nuclear Medicine Communications 16, no. 10 (1995): 799–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199510000-00001.

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Denisenko, G. A., and K. S. Okhotnikov. "Investigation of the nuclear quadrupole interaction in ZnO by the method of perturbed angular correlations of nuclear radiations." Physics of the Solid State 52, no. 3 (2010): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783410030066.

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Hoshi, Masaharu. "Radiation exposure and health effects of the residents around the former Soviet Union nuclear test site in Kazakhstan -A new perspective: radioactive microparticles." Impact 2020, no. 3 (2020): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.3.70.

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Harnessing atomic particles and radiation led to powerful and world changing technologies. The field of medical imaging has saved countless lives and continues to push the boundaries of medical interventions and research, which would have been impossible without the first x-ray machines. Unfortunately, not all inventions have been so altruistic. The advent of nuclear weapons showed the world the destructive potential possible via scientific inquiry. While the dangerous effects of radiation exposure were documented from the inception of this technology, catastrophic events like the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and nuclear disasters at Chernobyl Semipalatinsk or Fukushima provide a real-time glimpse into the long-term effects of exposure. Investigating the causes of this exposure in order to prevent future accidents is essential, but so too is cataloguing the rates and types of exposure among the victims. With this information correlations between exposure and health effects, both short- and long-term can be interrogated. This data is crucial for the understanding of the mechanisms behind radiations effects on living creatures and in assessing risks, safety protocols and treatment. Dr Masaharu Hoshi, Professor Emeritus at the Hiroshima University, has spent most of his career travelling around the world, visiting the sites of nuclear disasters in an effort to fully comprehend the risks. He is now using case studies to investigate the radiation exposure and health effects of the residents of radioactive microparticles.

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UESAKA, Mitsuru, Akira FUJIMORI, and Takamitsu KATO. "Visualization of DNA Damage and Repair by Radiations." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan 55, no. 10 (2013): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesjb.55.10_597.

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MOSKALENKO, VICTORIA N., TATIANA V. NERETINA, and LEV Y. YAMPOLSKY. "To the origin of Lake Baikal endemic gammarid radiations, with description of two new Eulimnogammarus spp." Zootaxa 4766, no. 3 (2020): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4766.3.5.

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Extraordinarily diverse morphologically and ecologically, Lake Baikal’s two endemic gammaroidean amphipod clades are both firmly placed within the paraphyletic genus Gammarus, based both on morphological and molecular characters. However, the exact placement of the two Baikal clades remains elusive, making reconstruction of the ancestral state of Baikal endemic radiation difficult. We sequenced 2 mitochondrial and 3 nuclear genes from several species of each of the two clades aiming to represent early branches of the radiation. We also describe two new species of Baikal gammarids, Eulimnogammarus etingovae sp. nov. and Eulimnogammarus tchernykhi sp. nov., with some morphology suggestive of basal position within the radiation. We confirm the two previously demonstrated Baikal clades, but cannot unequivocally support any of the previous hypotheses about affinities of the two Baikal clades within palearctic Gammarus species. Rather, it appears that the two Baikal endemic radiations separated from the rest of freshwater Palearctic forms early and rapidly, probably as part of gammarid diversification during colonization of fresh waters in Middle Eocene.

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Leung, J. K. C. "Application of shielding factors for protection against gamma radiations during a nuclear accident." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 39, no. 5 (1992): 1512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.173235.

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