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Journal articles on the topic 'Nuclear smuggling'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Zaitseva, Lyudmila, and Kevin Hand. "Nuclear Smuggling Chains." American Behavioral Scientist 46, no. 6 (2003): 822–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764202239177.

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2

Cochran, Thomas B., and Matthew G. McKinzie. "Detecting Nuclear Smuggling." Scientific American 298, no. 4 (2008): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0408-98.

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3

Lee, Rens. "Why Nuclear Smuggling Matters." Orbis 52, no. 3 (2008): 434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2008.05.007.

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4

MacCalman, Molly. "A.Q. Khan Nuclear Smuggling Network." Journal of Strategic Security 9, no. 1 (2016): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.9.1.1506.

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5

Morton, David P., Feng Pan, and Kevin J. Saeger. "Models for nuclear smuggling interdiction." IIE Transactions 39, no. 1 (2007): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07408170500488956.

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6

Murauskaite, Egle. "The Trust Paradox in Nuclear Smuggling." Nonproliferation Review 22, no. 3-4 (2015): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2016.1147730.

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7

Williams, Phil, and Paul N. Woessner. "The Real Threat of Nuclear Smuggling." Scientific American 274, no. 1 (1996): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0196-40.

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8

Murauskaitė, Eglė. "Nuclear Smuggling and Threats to Lithuanian Security." Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review 14, no. 1 (2016): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lasr-2016-0008.

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9

Cook, Diane, Lawrence Holder, Sandy Thompson, Paul Whitney, and Lawrence Chilton. "Graph-Based Analysis of Nuclear Smuggling Data." Journal of Applied Security Research 4, no. 4 (2009): 501–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19361610903176310.

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10

Michalopoulos, Dennis P., J. Wesley Barnes, and David P. Morton. "Prioritized interdiction of nuclear smuggling via tabu search." Optimization Letters 9, no. 8 (2014): 1477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11590-014-0829-4.

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11

Chestnut, Sheena. "Illicit Activity and Proliferation: North Korean Smuggling Networks." International Security 32, no. 1 (2007): 80–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2007.32.1.80.

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Since public disclosure by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) of its uranium enrichment program in 2002 and the subsequent restarting of its plutonium reactor, policymakers and academics have expressed concern that the DPRK will one day export nuclear material or components. An examination of North Korea's involvement in nonnuclear criminal activities shows that the DPRK has established sophisticated transnational smuggling networks, some of which involve terrorist groups and others that have been able to distribute counterfeit currency and goods on U.S. territory. These networks provide North Korea with a significant amount of much-needed hard currency, but the DPRK regime's control over them has decreased over time. These developments suggest that North Korea has both the means and motivation for exporting nuclear material, and that concerns over nuclear export from the DPRK, authorized or not, are well founded. When placed in the context of the global nuclear black market, the North Korea case suggests that criminal networks are likely to play an increased role in future proliferation. In addition, it raises the concern that proliferation conducted through illicit networks will not always be well controlled by the supplier state. It is therefore imperative to track and curtail illicit networks not only because of the costs they impose, but also because of the deterrent value of countersmuggling efforts. New strategies that integrate law enforcement, counterproliferation, and nonproliferation tools are likely to have the greatest success in addressing the risks posed by illicit proliferation networks.
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12

Singh, Shivani. "Nuclear Security Architecture & Radiological Disaster Response in India Progress and Challenges." Defence Life Science Journal 6, no. 1 (2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.6.16667.

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The nuclear security architecture in India is three-fold: the infrastructure security including physical security of the nuclear plant; port and border security including training and capacity building to prevent any illicit trafficking of nuclear material into the country and; the inter-institutional coordination at the Centre and State level during radiological emergencies. However, there exist structural weaknesses that need to be accounted for in all these three areas. It is imperative to develop capacities not only for safe handling, transport and disposal of nuclear material but also instituting stringent cyber-security laws, border security measures and functional Centre-State coordination in crisis situation for the safety and security of the general population. The following paper seeks to address these challenges and provide recommendations for strengthening the nuclear security and disaster response framework in India. The paper draws recommendations from the 2019 IPCS workshop on Smuggling and Radiation Detection, on the illicit trafficking of radioactive materials supported by the Office of Nuclear Smuggling Detection and Deterrence (NSDD) of the United States Department of Energy (DOE).
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13

Ewell, Emily S. "NIS nuclear smuggling since 1995: A lull in significant cases?" Nonproliferation Review 5, no. 3 (1998): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736709808436727.

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14

Gaukler, Gary M., Chenhua Li, Yu Ding, and Sunil S. Chirayath. "Detecting Nuclear Materials Smuggling: Performance Evaluation of Container Inspection Policies." Risk Analysis 32, no. 3 (2011): 531–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01696.x.

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15

Walker, William. "International responses to the threat of nuclear smuggling from Russia*." Medicine and War 12, no. 1 (1996): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13623699608409257.

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16

Petrenko, V. D., Yu N. Karimov, A. I. Podkovirin, N. N. Shipilov, B. S. Yuldashev, and M. I. Fazylov. "Efforts of Uzbekistan to prevent nuclear terrorism and smuggling of radioactive and nuclear materials." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 63, no. 5-6 (2005): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.05.027.

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17

Orlov, Vladimir A. "Report:The Moscow nuclear summit and the status of Russia's smuggling threat." Nonproliferation Review 3, no. 3 (1996): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736709608436641.

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18

Gaukler, Gary M., Chenhua Li, Rory Cannaday, Sunil S. Chirayath, and Yu Ding. "Detecting nuclear materials smuggling: using radiography to improve container inspection policies." Annals of Operations Research 187, no. 1 (2010): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-010-0717-y.

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19

Sica, Giacomo, Franco Guida, Giorgio Bocchini, Francesco Iaselli, Isabella Iadevito, and Mariano Scaglione. "Imaging of Drug Smuggling by Body Packing." Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 36, no. 1 (2015): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2014.10.003.

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20

Downes, Robert, Christopher Hobbs, and Daniel Salisbury. "Combating nuclear smuggling? Exploring drivers and challenges to detecting nuclear and radiological materials at maritime facilities." Nonproliferation Review 26, no. 1-2 (2019): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2019.1610256.

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21

Haphuriwat, Naraphorn, Vicki M. Bier, and Henry H. Willis. "Deterring the Smuggling of Nuclear Weapons in Container Freight Through Detection and Retaliation." Decision Analysis 8, no. 2 (2011): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/deca.1110.0199.

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22

Pamilo, M., H. Suoranta, and I. Suramo. "Narcotic Smuggling and Radiography of the Gastrointestinal Tract." Acta Radiologica. Diagnosis 27, no. 2 (1986): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518602700215.

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23

Kersschot, E., L. Beaucourt, H. Degryse, and A. De Schepper. "Roentgenographical detection of cocaine smuggling in the alimentary tract." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 142, no. 03 (1985): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1052652.

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24

Greller, Howard A., John McDonagh, Robert S. Hoffman, and Lewis S. Nelson. "Use of ultrasound in the detection of intestinal drug smuggling." European Radiology 15, no. 1 (2004): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-004-2468-0.

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25

Low, VHS, and EK Dillon. "Agony of the ecstasy: Report of five cases of MDMA smuggling." Australasian Radiology 49, no. 5 (2005): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.2005.01503.x.

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26

Pérot, Bertrand, Cédric Carasco, Cyrille Eléon, et al. "Sea container inspection with tagged neutrons." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 7 (2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2021004.

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Neutron inspection of sea-going cargo containers has been widely studied in the past 20 yr to non-intrusively detect terrorist threats, like explosives or Special Nuclear Materials (SNM), and illicit goods, like narcotics or smuggling materials. Fast 14 MeV neutrons are produced by a portable generator with the t(d, n)α fusion reaction, and tagged in both direction and time thanks to the alpha particle detection. This Associated Particle Technique (APT) allows focusing inspection on specific areas of interest in the containers, previously identified as containing suspicious items with X-ray radiographic scanners or radiation portal monitors. We describe the principle of APT for non-nuclear material identification, and for nuclear material detection, then we provide illustrations of the performances for 10 min inspections with significant quantities (kilograms) of explosives, illicit drugs, or SNM, in different cargo cover loads (e.g. metallic, organic, or ceramic matrices).
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27

Bots, M. L., and R. L. Meijer. "Reply to ?Use of ultrasound in the detection of intestinal drug smuggling?" European Radiology 15, no. 1 (2004): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-004-2469-z.

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28

Przybyla, Jay, Jeffrey Taylor, and Xuesong Zhou. "Locating Sensors for Detecting Source-to-Target Patterns of Special Nuclear Material Smuggling: A Spatial Information Theoretic Approach." Sensors 10, no. 9 (2010): 8070–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s100908070.

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29

Shan, Xiaojun (Gene), and Jun Zhuang. "Modeling Credible Retaliation Threats in Deterring the Smuggling of Nuclear Weapons Using Partial Inspection—A Three-Stage Game." Decision Analysis 11, no. 1 (2014): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/deca.2013.0288.

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30

Algra, Paul R., Byron G. Brogdon, and Roque C. Marugg. "Role of Radiology in a National Initiative to Interdict Drug Smuggling: The Dutch Experience." American Journal of Roentgenology 189, no. 2 (2007): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.07.2306.

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31

Hierholzer, J., M. Cordes, H. Tantow, U. Keske, J. Mäurer, and R. Felix. "Drug smuggling by ingested cocaine-filled packages: conventional x-ray and ultrasound." Abdominal Imaging 20, no. 4 (1995): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00203366.

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32

Bourne, Mike. "Netwar Geopolitics: Security, Failed States and Illicit Flows." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 13, no. 4 (2011): 490–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856x.2011.00457.x.

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Recent and emerging security policies and practices claim a mutual vulnerability that closely links human insecurity in failed states with the threat to powerful states from illicit flows. This article first examines this ‘emerging orthodoxy’ of transnational security issues that reinforces the securitisation of poverty and the poor. It then subjects this orthodoxy to theoretical and empirical critique. Theoretically it shows that this orthodoxy is formed as a ‘geopolitical imagination’ that associates and stabilises particular views of weak states and illicit flows in a ‘netwar imagination’ by reasserting and reconfiguring traditional assumptions of the spatiality and nature of threats. A final empirical section, focusing on drug production and nuclear smuggling, argues that those assumptions and their assemblage are a partial, incomplete and often self-referential reading of illicit flows.
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33

Picarelli, John T. "Rensselaer W. Lee III. Smuggling Armageddon: The Nuclear Black Market in the Former Soviet Union. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998 (paperback edition, 2000). xviii, 205 pp. $16.95 (paper)." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 36, no. 1-2 (2002): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221023902x00405.

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34

Verkhovod, Liliia. "War and economy: legal and illegal practices of income generation." Grani 23, no. 8 (2020): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172071.

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The article emphasizes that the armed conflict has become a part of modern Ukraine and caused changes in all spheres of public life. This updated the scientific discourse about the nature of today's wars and their characteristics. The article emphasizes that at the present stage, the war between powerful powers is unlikely, given the potential for the use of nuclear weapons. However, the conflicts of low intensity periodically arise and continue in various parts of the world. Not only do they become constituent elements of public life, but reform the economy both at global and local level.The components of modern capitalist system are the industries that serve military needs. The income of defense corporations show high demand for their products. It is used not only by the countries that are involved in an armed confrontation, but also by other states that can be at war any moment. Locally armed confrontation is destructive for the economy of the country, focused on functioning in peacetime. Being involved into a protracted conflict entails changes in all the aspects of social life. Economic system adapts and generates new practices. Some paradoxical situations arise, so that there some opportunities to "earn" on the conflict, and therefore people who are interested in its preservation.The armed conflict in Ukraine is often called a hybrid war. Besides, in scientific discourse there are other names – the conflict in the «grey zone», «grey war», unlimited conflict, a non-conventional war as «War on behalf of». The war in Donbass is a new type of conflict. Taking into consideration its duration, it has led to the emergence of various kinds of economic practices – both legal (for example, the increase in military orders, scope services for permanently migrating displaced people, etc.), and illegal (for example, smuggling of goods across the line of demarcation). They have become a part of everyday life not only in the frontline areas of Donbass, but also of the entire country.
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35

Bluth, Christoph. "Smuggling Armageddon: The Nuclear Black Market in the Former Soviet Union and Europe. By Rensselaer W. Lee III. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998. xvii, 200 pp. Appendix. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Figures. Tables. $26.95, hard bound." Slavic Review 59, no. 3 (2000): 690–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2697392.

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36

WILCZEK, FRANK. "QCD AND ASYMPTOTIC FREEDOM: PERSPECTIVES AND PROSPECTS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, no. 08 (1993): 1359–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x93000564.

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QCD is now a mature theory, and it is possible to begin to view its place in the conceptual universe of physics with an appropriate perspective. There is a certain irony in the achievements of QCD. For the problems which initially drove its development — specifically, the desire to understand in detail the force that holds atomic nuclei together, and later the desire to calculate the spectrum of hadrons and their interactions — only limited insight has been achieved. However, I shall argue that QCD is actually more special and important a theory than one had any right to anticipate. In many ways, the importance of the solution transcends that of the original motivating problems. After elaborating on these quasiphilosophical remarks, I discuss two current frontiers of physics that illustrate the continuing vitality of the ideas. The recent wealth of beautiful precision experiments measuring the parameters of the standard model have made it possible to consider the unification of couplings in unprecedented quantitative detail. One central result emerging from these developments is a tantalizing hint of virtual supersymmetry. The possibility of phase transitions in matter at temperatures of order ~102 MeV, governed by QCD dynamics, is of interest from several points of view. Besides having a certain intrinsic grandeur, the question “Does the nature of matter change qualitatively, as it is radically heated?” is important for cosmology, relevant to planned high-energy heavy-ion collision experiments, and provides a promising arena for numerical simulations of QCD. Recent numerical work seems to be consistent with expectations suggested by renormalization group analysis of the potential universality classes of the QCD chiral phase transition; specifically, that the transition is second-order for two species of massless quarks but first order otherwise. There is an interesting possibility of long-range correlations in heavy ion collisions due to the creation of large regions of the misaligned chiral condensate. Finally, at the end, there is a brief discussion on the relation between scaling violations and running of the coupling. Some statements made later in the conference seemed to indicate that the relationship between these concepts is commonly misunderstood, so I’m smuggling this bit in even though it wasn’t part of the original talk.
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37

"Detecting nuclear smuggling." Physics Today, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.022095.

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38

"Detecting nuclear smuggling in Georgia." Physics Today, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.024141.

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39

"Swiss nuclear proliferation smuggling case had CIA link." Physics Today, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.022613.

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40

McLaughlin, Kathleen. "U.S. and China cooperate to thwart nuclear smuggling." Science, March 17, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf4203.

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41

"Smuggling: Arms, nuclear technology and materials, and aliens." Trends in Organized Crime 2, no. 1 (1996): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02698145.

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42

"Japan firms raided in North Korean nuclear smuggling row." Physics Today, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.022353.

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43

"Swiss to investigate shredding of files in nuclear smuggling case." Physics Today, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.022320.

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44

"Smuggling Armageddon: the nuclear black market in the former Soviet Union and Europe." Choice Reviews Online 36, no. 08 (1999): 36–4739. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.36-4739.

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45

Lan, Haoyang, Tan Song, Xingde Huang, et al. "Nuclear resonance fluorescence drug inspection." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80079-6.

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AbstractThere is an increasing challenge to prevent illicit drug smuggling across borders and seaports. However, the existing techniques in-and-of-themselves are not sufficient to identify the illicit drugs rapidly and accurately. In the present study, combining nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) spectroscopy and the element (or isotope) ratio approach, we present a novel inspection method that can simultaneously reveal the elemental (or isotopic) composition of the illicit drugs, such as widely abused methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, ketamine and morphine. In the NRF spectroscopy, the nuclei are excited by the induced photon beam, and measurement of the characteristic energies of the emitted $$\gamma $$ γ rays from the distinct energy levels in the excited nuclei provides “fingerprints” of the interested elements in the illicit drugs. The element ratio approach is further used to identify drug elemental composition in principle. Monte Carlo simulations show that four NRF peaks from the nuclei $$^{12}$$ 12 C, $$^{14}$$ 14 N and $$^{16}$$ 16 O can be detected with high significance of 7−24$$\sigma $$ σ using an induced photon beam flux of $$10^{11}$$ 10 11 . The ratio of $$^{14}N$$ 14 N /$$^{12}C$$ 12 C and/or $$^{16}O$$ 16 O /$$^{12}C$$ 12 C for illicit drugs inspected are then extracted using the element ratio approach. It is found that the present results of simulations are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. The feasibility to detect the illicit drugs, inside the 15-mm-thick iron shielding, or surrounded by thin benign materials, is also discussed. It is indicated that, using the state-of-the-art $$\gamma $$ γ -ray source of high intensity and energy-tunability, the proposed method has a great potential for identifying drugs and explosives in a realistic measurement time.
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