Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nucleophilic

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Nucleophilic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nucleophilic"

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Tsuji, Yutaka, and John P. Richard. "Swain–Scott relationships for nucleophile addition to ring-substituted phenonium ions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 93, no. 4 (April 2015): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0337.

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The products of the reactions of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl tosylate (MeO-1-OTs) and 2-(4-methyphenyl)ethyl tosylate (Me-1-OTs) with nucleophilic anions were determined for reactions in 50:50 (v/v) trifluoroethanol (TFE) / water at 25 °C. In many cases, the nucleophile selectivity kNu/ks ((mol/L)−1) for reactions of nucleophile and solvent, calculated from the ratio of product yields, depends upon [Nu−]. This demonstrates the existence of competing reaction pathways, which show different selectivities for reactions with nucleophiles. A 13C NMR analysis of the products of the reactions of substrate enriched with 13C at the α-carbon, X-1-[α-13C]OTs (X = −OCH3 or −Me), with nucleophilic anions in 50:50 (v/v) TFE/water at 25 °C shows the formation of X-1-[β-13C]OH, X-1-[β-13C]OCH2CF3, and X-1-[β-13C]Nu (Nu = Br, Cl, CH3CO2, or Cl2CHCO2) from the trapping of symmetrical phenonium ion reaction intermediates X-2+. The observation of excess label in the α-position, [α-13C]/[β-13C] > 1.0, for both the water and nucleophile adducts, shows that these nucleophiles also react by direct substitution at X-1-[α-13C]OTs. The ratios of product yields, [α-13C]/[β-13C], and observed nucleophile selectivity (kNu/ks)obs were used to dissect the contribution of nucleophile addition at Me-1-OTs and trapping of X-2+ to the product yields. The product yields from partitioning of the intermediate gave the nucleophile selectivity kNu/ks for X-2+. Swain–Scott plots of log(kNu/ks) are correlated by slopes of s = 0.78 and s = 0.73 for reactions of MeO-2+ and Me-2+, respectively. This shows that the sensitivity of bimolecular substitution at X-2+ to changes in nucleophile reactivity is smaller than for nucleophilic substitution at the methyl iodide.
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Barham, Joshua P., Matthew P. John, and John A. Murphy. "One-pot functionalisation of N-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines by photooxidation and tunable organometallic trapping of iminium intermediates." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (December 12, 2014): 2981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.316.

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Nucleophilic trapping of iminium salts generated via oxidative functionalisation of tertiary amines is well established with stabilised carbon nucleophiles. The few reports of organometallic additions have limited scope of substrate and organometallic nucleophile. We report a novel, one-pot methodology that functionalises N-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines by visible light-assisted photooxidation, followed by trapping of the resultant iminium ions with organometallic nucleophiles. This affords 1,2-disubstituted tetrahydroisoquinolines in moderate to excellent yields.
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Zhang, Yanbin, Ruiwen Jin, Guangxing Pan, and Hao Guo. "Light-enabled, AlCl3-catalyzed regioselective intramolecular nucleophilic addition of non-nucleophilic alkyls to alkynes." Chemical Communications 56, no. 78 (2020): 11621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc04636a.

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Eom, Ga-eul, and Seokhee Kim. "Identification of Nucleophilic Probes for Protease-Mediated Transpeptidation." Molecules 23, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 2109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092109.

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Proteases have evolved to mediate the hydrolysis of peptide bonds but may perform transpeptidation in the presence of a proper nucleophilic molecule that can effectively compete with water to react with the acyl-enzyme intermediate. There have been several examples of protease-mediated transpeptidation, but they are generally inefficient, and little effort has been made to systematically control the transpeptidation activity of other proteases with good nucleophiles. Here, we developed an on-bead screening approach to find a probe that functions efficiently as a nucleophile in the protease-mediated transpeptidation reaction, and we identified good probes for a model protease DegP. These probes were covalently linked to the C-termini of the cleaved peptides in a mild condition and made the selective enrichment of ligated peptides possible. We suggest that good nucleophilic probes can be found for many other proteases that act via acyl-enzyme intermediates, and these probes will help characterize their substrates.
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Selimović, Enisa, and Tanja Soldatović. "Study on the reactions between dichlorido[2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine] zinc(II) and biologically relevant nucleophiles in aqueous solution." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 44, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468678319825724.

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Substitution reactions of square-pyramidal [ZnCl2(terpy)] complex (terpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) with biologically relevant nucleophiles such as imidazole, glutathione, 1,2,4-triazole, and pyrazine were investigated at pH 7.0 as a function of nucleophile concentration. The reactions were followed under pseudo first-order conditions by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The substitution reactions comprised two steps of consecutive displacement of chlorido ligands. Different reaction pathways for the first reaction step of nucleophilic substitution were defined. The order of reactivity of the investigated nucleophiles for the first reaction was imidazole > glutathione > pyrazine > 1,2,4-triazole, while for the second reaction step it was pyrazine > 1,2,4-triazole > imidazole > glutathione.
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Kimura, Tsutomu. "Recent Advances in Magnesium Carbenoid Chemistry." Synthesis 49, no. 23 (September 12, 2017): 5105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1590894.

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Magnesium carbenoids are a class of organomagnesium species possessing a halo group at the α-position. The reactions of magnesium carbenoids can be classified into the following three categories: nucleophilic reactions resembling Grignard reagents, electrophilic reactions resembling organic halides, and rearrangements resembling carbenes. This short review summarizes recent studies on magnesium carbenoids reported between 2010 and 2016, and milestone studies reported before 2010 according to the classification of the reactions into the aforementioned three categories.1 Introduction2 Structures of Magnesium Carbenoids3 Reactions of Magnesium Carbenoids as Nucleophiles3.1 Nucleophilic Reactions of Magnesium Carbenoids3.2 Nucleophilic Reactions of Magnesium Alkylidene Carbenoids3.3 Nucleophilic Reactions of Cyclopropylmagnesium Carbenoids4 Electrophilic Reactions of Magnesium Carbenoids4.1 Reactions with Nucleophiles Followed by Electrophiles4.2 Reactions with Nucleophiles Possessing Electrophilic Functional Groups4.3 Nucleophilic Substitution Followed by β-Elimination5 Rearrangements of Magnesium Carbenoids5.1 1,2-Shifts of Magnesium Carbenoids5.2 1,3-C–H Insertions of Magnesium Carbenoids5.3 1,5-C–H Insertions of Magnesium Carbenoids5.4 [2+1] Cycloaddition of a Magnesium Carbenoid6 Conclusion and Outlook
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Dust, Julian M., and Richard A. Manderville. "Carbon versus oxygen nucleophilic selectivity in the reaction of the aryloxide ions, 2,6- and 3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxide, with the 2-[(nitro)\dn6 xaryl]-4,6-dinitrobenzotriazole 1-oxide series of super-electrophiles. Stereoelectronic factors on C-7 Meisenheimer complex formation versus C-1' SNAr displacement." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 662–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-028.

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The 2-[(nitro)xaryl]-4,6-dinitrobenzotriazole 1-oxides (1, Pi-DNBT (x = 3); 2, DNP-DNBT (x = 2); 3, NP-DNBT (x = 1)) are electron-deficient nitro-substituted heteroaromatic substrates that possess two sites for nucleophilic attachment: C-7 and C-1'. Generally, attack at the super-electrophilic C-7 site yields spectroscopically observable anionic sigma -bonded adducts, whereas attack at C-1' leads to displacement products in an overall process of nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr). To gain an understanding of the factors affecting C-1' versus C-7 attack by potentially ambident aryloxide (C- and O-)nucleophiles, we have monitored the reactions of 1-3 with 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide (2,6-ArO-) and 3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxide (3,5-ArO-) using 400 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy (deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide solvent at ambient temperature). The results indicate that 2,6-ArO- acts only as a C-nucleophile with O-attack precluded, presumably by the sterically demanding tert-butyl groups flanking the O-nucleophilic centre. Although 2,6-ArO- reacts preferentially at C-7 of 1-3, the biphenyl derivative that arises from C-1' attack is also observed with 1, the first time that C-nucleophilic attack has been seen at this electrophilic site. In contrast, 3,5-ArO- acts only as an O-nucleophile, also as a consequence of the steric hindrance to the C-4 position; this aryloxide reacts entirely at C-1' of Pi-DNBT but also exclusively at C-7 of 3. However, with DNP-DNBT, 2, both the C-7 O-adduct and C-1' displacement products are noted; attack at C-1' is dominant. The selectivity (C-7 versus C-1') found in these reactions is discussed with emphasis given to stereoelectronic factors that may stabilize the putative C-1' O-adducts.Key words: aryloxides, super-electrophiles, Meisenheimer complexes, 2-[(nitro)xaryl]-4,6-dinitrobenzotriazole 1-oxides.
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Um, Ik-Hwan, Ji-Youn Lee, Sun-Young Bae, and Erwin Buncel. "Effect of modification of the electrophilic center on the α effect." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-157.

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We report on a nucleophilic study of esters R-C(=X)-Y-Ar in which the electrophilic center has been modified by replacing O by S in the leaving group or carbonyl center: 4-nitrophenyl acetate (1), S-4-nitrophenyl thioacetate (2), 4-nitrophenyl benzoate (3), and O-4-nitrophenyl thionobenzoate (4). The studies include O– and S– nucleophiles as well as α nucleophiles in H2O at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C. The sulfur nucleophile (4-chlorothiophenoxide, 4-ClPhS–) exhibits significant enhanced reactivity for the reactions with thiol and thione esters 2 and 4 compared with their oxygen analogues 1 and 3. On the contrary, the common nucleophile OH– is much less reactive towards 2 and 4 compared with 1 and 3. The effect of changing both the electrophilic center and the nucleofugic center on the reactivity of the other oxygen nucleophiles is not so significant: 4-chlorophenoxide (4-ClPhO–) is four to six times more reactive in the reactions with thiol and thione esters 2 and 4 compared with their oxygen analogues 1 and 3. The α effects exhibited by butan-2,3-dione monoximate (Ox–) and HOO– are strongly dependent on the nature of the electrophilic center of the substrates, indicating that the difference in the ground-state solvation energy cannot be fully responsible for the α effect. Our results clearly emphasize the strong dependence of the α effect on the substrate structure, notably, the nature of the electrophilic center. The impact of change in the nucleofuge (1→2) and the electrophilic center (3→4) on reactivity indicates that α nucleophiles will need to be “purpose built” for decontamination and nucleophilic degradation of specific biocides.Key words: α effect, nucleophilicity, nucleofuge effect, electrophilicity, polarizability.
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Sheyi, Rotimi, Anamika Sharma, Ayman El-Faham, Beatriz G. de la Torre, and Fernando Albericio. "Phenol as a Modulator in the Chemical Reactivity of 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine: Rules of the Game II." Australian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 4 (2020): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch19524.

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2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) is a privileged core that has the capacity to undergo sequential nucleophilic substitution reactions. Three nucleophiles, namely phenol, thiol and amine, were studied and the preferential order of incorporation on TCT was found to be first phenol, second thiol and third amine. The introduction of phenol was achieved at −20°C. The incorporation of this nucleophile in TCT helped to replace the third ‘Cl’ at 35°C, which is compatible with a biological context. The atomic charges on ‘Cl’ calculated by theoretical approaches were consistent with the experimental findings.
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Kolodiazhnyi, Oleg I. "Stereochemistry of electrophilic and nucleophilic substitutions at phosphorus." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0807.

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Abstract Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitutions are the most often applied reactions in organophosphorus chemistry. They are closely interrelated, because in a reacting pair always one reagent is an electrophile, and another nucleophile. The reactions of electrophilic and nucleophilic substitutions at the phosphorus center proceed via the formation of a pentacoordinated intermediate. The mechanism of nucleophilic substitution involves the exchange of ligands in the pentacoordinate phosphorane intermediate, leading to the more stable stereomer under the thermodynamic control. Electrophilic substitution proceeds with retention of absolute configuration, whereas nucleophilic substitution with inversion of configuration at the phosphorus center.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nucleophilic"

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Antonsson, Rositha. "Nucleophilic aromatic substitutions using ethyl 3-mercaptopropionate as nucleophile : Scope and limitations." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1517.

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The scope and limitations of nucleophilic substitutions of aryl halides have been studied using ethyl 3-mercaptopropionate as nucleophile and microwave heating. A diversity of aromatic compounds have been investigated according to different types of leaving groups, regio isomers and substituents. Experimental design has been used as a tool to optimize the reaction. An electron-withdrawing group in ortho or para position of the leaving group proved to be necessary for a positive outcome of the reaction. Fluorine was, without competition, the best leaving group. Some examples of how the synthesized aryl sulfanyl propionates can be used as starting material for producing aryl thio ethers, sulfoxides and unique benzothiophenes are described.

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Thompson, Claire. "Aromatic nucleophilic nitration." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390199.

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Harris, David T. "New Nucleophilic Organocatalysts." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144597.

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Acyl-transfer reactions have become commonplace in organic synthesis and organocatalysis of these reactions is becoming increasingly popular. 4-Dimethylaminopyridine has proven to be very useful in acylations; over the recent years chiral and more reactive analogs have received much attention. Interestingly, catalysis of acyl-transfers by diamines has also been shown to be effective. We present the synthesis of several DMAP analogs containing heteroatoms near the nucleophilic nitrogen. These analogs of DMAP vary from basic amidines, oxazolines, and amines, to alcohols, and fluoro-derivatives all of which may provide hydrogen bonding to the alcohol undergoing acyl-transfer. Since Steglich proposed the need for a base in the DMAP catalyzed acyl-transfer transition state no studies have been performed on the effect that nearby hydrogen bonding or nearby bases might have on catalytic efficiency and enantioselectivity of acylations. The variety of compounds synthesized should allow for studies into rate and selectivity enhancements in nucleophilic pyridine catalysis.
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Lees, Inez Nancy Lloyd. "Nucleophilic polymers for scavenging." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613095.

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Wei, Yin. "Theoretical Studies in Nucleophilic Organocatalysis." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-95248.

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Maryasin, Boris. "Theoretical investigations in nucleophilic organocatalysis." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-138820.

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Cresswell, Alex. "New methods for nucleophilic fluorination." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:612ea592-2f52-407b-b761-36b02b746e9d.

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This thesis describes investigations into the utility of boron fluorides and tetrafluoroborates as sources of nucleophilic fluorine. Chapter 1 discusses the history and importance of the field of organofluorine chemistry and outlines some of the principle motivations for the site-selective fluorination of organic molecules. Some of the most commonly useed methods of nucleophilic fluorination are briefly surveyed, with an emphasis on the formation of fluorinated stereogenic centres. Literature precedent for the use of tetrafluoroborates and boron trifluoride as nucleophilic fluorinating agents is also presented. Chapter 2 describes the development of a highly regio- and stereoselective SNi-type ring-opening fluorination of trans-β-substituted aryl epoxides using BF₃●OEt₂ as a nucleophilic fluorinating agent. This robust and scalable protocol grants efficient access to a variety of functionalised benzylic fluoride building blocks, and provides a solution to the problem of stereocontrol in the synthesis of this class of compounds. To highlight the utility of the resultant syn-fluorohydrins in the synthesis of stereodefined β-fluoro β-aryl amines, their elaboration to a range of aryl-substituted β-fluoroamphetamines is demonstrated. Chapter 3 introduces the concept of tuning the reactivity of BF₃ by replacing one or two of the fluoro ligands on boron for electron-donating alkoxy group(s). On this basis, pinacolatoboron fluoride (pinBF) [which may be prepared in situ by pre-mixing BF₃●OEt₂ and bis(O-trimethylsilyl)pinacol] is identified as a superior reagent to BF₃●OEt₂ for the ring-opening fluorination of trans-β-substituted aryl epoxides bearing electron-rich aryl groups. Chapter 4 details a highly regioselective and stereospecific SN2-type ring-opening fluorination of 2,3- and 3,4-epoxy amines using HBF₄●OEt₂ as a nucleophilic flurine source. The reactions are both operationally simple to perform and readily scalable, and proceed to completion within 5 min at ambient temperature, providing a highly practical and economical route to stereodefined amino fluorohydrins. To highlight the synthetic utility of this reaction in the preparation of pharmaceutically-important β-fluoro amines, a concise de novo asymmetric synthesis of (S,S)-3-deoxy-3-fluorosafingol is performed. Chapter 5 chronicles the successful development of a protocol for the direct hydroxyfluorination of allylic amines to the corresponding amino fluorohydrins, using m--CPBA as the oxidant and HBF₄●OEt₂ in a dual role as both the Brønstead acid N-protecting agent and nucleophilic fluorine source. With chiral allylic amines which are conformationally biased or constrained, the diastereofacial selectivity of the reaction can be controlled by altering the concentration of HBF₄●OEt₂ employed in the reaction, allowing for a diastereodivergent hydroxyfluorination process. The synthetic utility of this methodology is demonstrated via its application to the diastereodivergent synthesis of 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-L-xylo-phytosphingosine and 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-L-lyxo-phytosphingosine, each in 5 steps from Garner's aldehyde. Chapter 6 contains full experimental procedures and characterisation data for all compounds synthesised in chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5.
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Murray, Christopher B. "New methodology for nucleophilic fluorination." Thesis, Durham University, 2003. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3687/.

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This work describes the development of three methods for the fluorination of electrophilic substrates:1.) The reaction of caesium fluoride with perfluoro(2-methylpent-2-ene) leads to the formation of perfluoro(2-methylpentan-2-yl)caesium. This perfluoroalkyl carbanion has been shown to undergo significant fluoride ion exchange at temperatures above 60 C. Thus, reaction of a solution of the carbanion with a suitable electrophile resulted in the selective formation of a carbon-fluorine bond or perfluoroalkylation of the electrophile.2.) Caesium fluoride has been developed as a moderately effective nucleophilicfluorinating agent in the Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTIL) solvent [BMIM][PF(_6)]. The fluorination of a range of volatile substrates was studied, and fluorination in the absence of a conventional organic solvent was demonstrated. Recycling of the solvent has been investigated, as has the decomposition of [BMLM] [PF(_6)] in the presence of caesium or potassium fluoride at elevated temperatures.3.) Reaction of a highly fluorinated azaheterocycle with DMAP leads to the formation of a fluoride salt. This salt, formed in situ, was used as a source of nucleophilic fluoride ion for the fluorination of a range of electrophiles. Several of the fluoride salts were converted to their more stable tetrafluoroborate or triflate analogues and characterised.
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Kennedy, R. J. "Copper-promoted nucleophilic aromatic substitution." Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355148.

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Haleem, Asad Bilal. "Crosslinking nucleophilic dyes on cotton." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250890.

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Books on the topic "Nucleophilic"

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Terrier, François. Modern Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527656141.

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Liddle, J. Vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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N, Charushin Valery, and Plas, H. C. van der., eds. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen. San Diego: Academic Press, 1994.

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Lemmerer, Miran. Chemoselective Nucleophilic α-Amination of Amides. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30020-3.

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Milton, Harris J., McManus Samuel P, American Chemical Society Meeting, and American Chemical Society. Division of Organic Chemistry., eds. Nucleophilicity. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987.

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Henderson, Colin M. Nucleophilic additions to C-aryl, N-arylsulphonyl methyleneimines. [S.l: The Author], 1992.

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Cozens, Andrew John. Studies in heterocyclic-mediated nucleophilic displacements in aryl systems. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1985.

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Nucleophilic aromatic displacement: The influence of the nitro group. New York, N.Y: VCH Publishers, 1991.

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Murray, Paul Edward. [ Beta]-nucleophilic substitution in indoles: The synthesis of Chartellamide A. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1994.

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El-Naby, Sultan Ahmed Abd. A study of the reactions of nucleophiles with [(Indenyl)Fe(CO)2([eta]1-dppa)]BF4 a=m,e,p. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nucleophilic"

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Iwaoka, Michio. "Nucleophilic Selenium." In Organoselenium Chemistry, 53–109. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527641949.ch2.

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Bodanszky, Miklos, and Agnes Bodanszky. "Nucleophilic Displacement." In The Practice of Peptide Synthesis, 156–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85055-4_18.

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Carey, Francis A., and Richard J. Sundberg. "Nucleophilic Substitution." In Advanced Organic Chemistry, 257–339. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9795-3_5.

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Went, Charles. "Nucleophilic Substitution." In Ionic Organic Mechanisms, 79–122. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07964-3_5.

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Vančik, Hrvoj. "Nucleophilic Additions." In Basic Organic Chemistry for the Life Sciences, 85–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07605-8_6.

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Vančik, Hrvoj. "Nucleophilic Additions." In Basic Organic Chemistry for the Life Sciences, 89–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92438-6_6.

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Iwaoka, Michio, and Shuji Tomoda. "Nucleophilic Selenium." In Organoselenium Chemistry, 55–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48171-0_3.

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Crampton, M. R. "Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution." In Organic Reaction Mechanisms Series, 155–65. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470975800.ch5.

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Westaway, K. C. "Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution." In Organic Reaction Mechanisms Series, 201–38. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470975800.ch8.

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Norman, Richard, and James M. Coxon. "Nucleophilic aromatic substitution." In Principles of Organic Synthesis, 396–408. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2166-8_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nucleophilic"

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Kawecki, Robert. "Nucleophilic Additions to 10-Isobornylsulfinimines." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-1-02035.

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Peixoto, Bárbara Pereira, José Walkimar de M. Carneiro, and Rodolfo Goetze Fiorot. "Substituição nucleofílica alifática: qual o mecanismo preferencial? Estudo computacional dos efeitos da estrutura do substrato e solvente." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol2020122.

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Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reactions constitute important steps in the synthesis of substances with biological activity and industrial appeal, beyond to participating in steps in biosynthetic routes of natural products. Unimolecular (SN1) and bimolecular (SN2) pathways can be understood as limiting cases of a mechanistic continuum. In between them, borderline mechanisms are proposed. The preference for one path over another depends on several factors, such as the structure of the substrate, the nucleophile and the solvent used. This plurality is still a topic of discussion and needs further understanding. In this context, the present work aims to rationalize the preferential reaction pathway for nucleophilic aliphatic substitutions, whose substrates do not fit only in the uni- and bimolecular models, by identifying lower energy reaction pathways due to the structural and electronic characteristics. The evaluation was carried out by molecular modeling at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level, simulating substrates with the nucleofuge (Cl and NH3 + ) connected to secondary carbon atoms, with the computational method M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ, previously validated according to geometrical and energetic parameters. Besides, we checked the effect of a polar solvent with high dielectric constant in the reaction pathways. The analyzed substrates demonstrated preference for the bimolecular mechanism and the influence of a solvent in these reactions was evident.
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MARZOCCHI, E., S. GRILLI, L. DELLA CIANA, M. MIRASOLI, P. SIMONI, L. PRODI, and A. RODA. "NUCLEOPHILIC ACYLATION CATALYSTS EFFECT ON LUMINOL CHEMILUMINESCENCE." In Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812839589_0030.

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Nurminen, Erkki J., Jorma K. Mattinen, and Harri Lönnberg. "Protolytic and nucleophilic role of phosphoramidite method promoters." In XIIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200205129.

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Loos, M., J. L. Rivail, and I. G. Csizmadia. "Breaking and Making of S−S Linkages Via Nucleophilic Substitution." In Advances in biomolecular simulations. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.41328.

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Fleisher, M., D. Jansone, and L. Leite. "Nucleophilic Addition Reaction of Unsaturated Methyl Lactones with Pyridine Aldehydes." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-1-02001.

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Seijas, Julio, M. Vàsquez-Tato, and Luis Barreiro-Castro. "Reactivity of styrene derivatives: Nucleophilic addition versus 1,2-wittig rearrangement." In The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-2-01670.

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Wang, Zibo. "The substitution and the nucleophilic substitution of ferrocene and derivative." In International Conference on Materials Engineering and Information Technology Applications (MEITA 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/meita-15.2015.176.

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Šebestík, Jaroslav, Alexandr Pavlíček, Martin Šafařík, Karel Holada, Jan Hlaváček, and Ivan Stibor. "Acridine nucleophilic displacement – possible culprit of acridine interaction with prion protein." In Xth Conference Biologically Active Peptides. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200709093.

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Voinkov, E. K., R. A. Drokin, D. V. Tufyakov, E. N. Ulomsky, and V. L. Rusinov. "Nucleophilic substitution of nitro group in dihydroazole[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines." In PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS IN MECHANICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING: ICRTMME 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0018191.

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Reports on the topic "Nucleophilic"

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Harris, J. Milton. Nucleophilic Decontamination Agents. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada210637.

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Cole, Larry L., and John R. Williams. Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions of 4-Substituted-1,2-Dinitrobenzenes with Trialkyl Phosphites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada185022.

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Geoffroy, G. L. Highly nucleophilic acetylide, vinyl, and vinylidene complexes. Final progress report, 1 January 1991--31 March 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10184990.

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Lee, Samkeun, and John Cooper. Highly Reduced Carbene Complexes: Formation of an Alkoxymalonate by Coupling of Carbon Dioxide with the Nucleophilic Carbene in (Cr(CO4)=C(OMe)PH)2-. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada215132.

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Padgett, Henry C. DOE SBIR Phase I Grant No. DE-FG02-00ER83067, ''A Flexible and Economical Automated Nucleophilic [{sup 18}F]Fluorination synthesis System for PET Radiopharmaceuticals.'' Final Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808241.

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Borch, Thomas, Yitzhak Hadar, and Tamara Polubesova. Environmental fate of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: Biodegradation, complexation, and photodegradation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597927.bard.

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Many pharmaceutical compounds are active at very low doses, and a portion of them regularly enters municipal sewage systems and wastewater-treatment plants following use, where they often do not fully degrade. Two such compounds, CBZ and LTG, have been detected in wastewater effluents, surface waters, drinking water, and irrigation water, where they pose a risk to the environment and the food supply. These compounds are expected to interact with organic matter in the environment, but little is known about the effect of such interactions on their environmental fate and transport. The original objectives of our research, as defined in the approved proposal, were to: Determine the rates, mechanisms and products of photodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites in waters exposed to near UV light, and the influence of DOM type and binding processes on photodegradation. Determine the potential and pathways for biodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites using a white rot fungus (Pleurotusostreatus) and ADP, and reveal the effect of DOM complexation on these processes. Reveal the major mechanisms of binding of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to DOM and soil in the presence of DOM, and evaluate the effect of this binding on their photodegradation and/or biodegradation. We determined that LTG undergoes relatively slow photodegradation when exposed to UV light, and that pH affects each of LTG’s ability to absorb UV light, the efficiency of the resulting reaction, and the identities of LTG’sphotoproducts (t½ = 230 to 500 h during summer at latitude 40 °N). We observed that LTG’sphotodegradation is enhanced in the presence of DOM, and hypothesized that LTG undergoes direct reactions with DOM components through nucleophilic substitution reactions. In combination, these data suggest that LTG’s fate and transport in surface waters are controlled by environmental conditions that vary with time and location, potentially affecting the environment and irrigation waters. We determined that P. ostreatusgrows faster in a rich liquid medium (glucose peptone) than on a natural lignocellulosic substrate (cotton stalks) under SSF conditions, but that the overall CBZ removal rate was similar in both media. Different and more varied transformation products formed in the solid state culture, and we hypothesized that CBZ degradation would proceed further when P. ostreatusand the ᵉⁿᶻʸᵐᵃᵗⁱᶜ ᵖʳᵒᶠⁱˡᵉ ʷᵉʳᵉ ᵗᵘⁿᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ˡⁱᵍⁿⁱⁿ ᵈᵉᵍʳᵃᵈᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ. ᵂᵉ ᵒᵇˢᵉʳᵛᵉᵈ ¹⁴C⁻Cᴼ2 ʳᵉˡᵉᵃˢᵉ ʷʰᵉⁿ ¹⁴C⁻ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿʸˡ⁻ labeled CBZ was used as the substrate in the solid state culture (17.4% of the initial radioactivity after 63 days of incubation), but could not conclude that mineralization had occurred. In comparison, we determined that LTG does not degrade in agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewater, but that P. ostreatusremoves up to 70% of LTG in a glucose peptone medium. We detected various metabolites, including N-oxides and glycosides, but are still working to determine the degradation pathway. In combination, these data suggest that P. ostreatuscould be an innovative and effective tool for CBZ and LTG remediation in the environment and in wastewater used for irrigation. In batch experiments, we determined that the sorption of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to agricultural soils was governed mainly by SOM levels. In lysimeter experiments, we also observed LTG and CBZ accumulation in top soil layers enriched with organic matter. However, we detected CBZ and one of its metabolites in rain-fed wheat previously irrigated with treated wastewater, suggesting that their sorption was reversible, and indicating the potential for plant uptake and leaching. Finally, we used macroscale analyses (including adsorption/desorption trials and resin-based separations) with molecular- level characterization by FT-ICR MS to demonstrate the adsorptive fractionation of DOM from composted biosolids by mineral soil. This suggests that changes in soil and organic matter types will influence the extent of LTG and CBZ sorption to agricultural soils, as well as the potential for plant uptake and leaching.
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Highly nucleophilic acetylide, vinyl, and vinylidene complexes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6112343.

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Highly nucleophilic acetylide, vinyl, and vinylidene complexes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6956851.

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Highly nucleophilic acetylide, vinyl, and vinylidene complexes. Progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104885.

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Highly nucleophilic acetylide, vinyl, and vinylidene complexes. Progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191892.

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