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Academic literature on the topic 'Nucléoside modifié'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nucléoside modifié"
Perrochia, Ludovic. "Caractérisation biochimique des machineries de biosynthèse de t6A, un nucléoside modifié universel." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968096.
Full textPichard, Adeline. "Structure, fonction et évolution de la famille universelle Sua5/YrdC impliquée dans la synthèse du nucléoside modifié t6A." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS371.
Full textStructure, function and evolution of the universal Sua5/YrdC family involved in the modified nucleoside t6A synthesist6A is universally found in tRNAs that read ANN codons and is essential for translation fidelity. Its synthesis takes place in two stages, the first one involving the formation of the reaction intermediate Threonyl-Carbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) by the Sua5/YrdC family. This family is found in all organisms and was thus presumably presents in the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA). It’s composed of two distinct variants, YrdC and Sua5, which share an orthologous catalytic domain. While YrdC is a single domain protein, Sua5 has an additional C-terminal domain of unknown function named SUA5. Most species encode for either variant and both variants are found in the three domains of life, Eukarya, Archaea and Bacteria. To discover the role of the SUA5 domain and the inter-domain linker, we studied the Sua5 protein from the archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi. We found that they are both important for the activity of Sua5. The linker is able to control the entry and exit of ligands by changing conformation while the SUA5 domain acts as an anchoring platform for the linker. To understand the evolutionary history of the Sua5/YrdC family, we then studied the distribution of Sua5 and YrdC across the tree of life and we used in silico and in vitro approaches to identify functional differences between YrdC and Sua5. Taken together, our work allows us to propose that LUCA encoded a Sua5 protein and that YrdC emerged after domain loss in some lineages during evolution
Walbott, Hélène. "Etude biochimique et structurale de deux pyrimidine-c5 méthyltransférases des arn de transfert." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112159.
Full textIn the cell, tRNA is a key molecule of genetic translation. To become functional, it undergoes different steps of post-transcriptional maturation. During this process, some of its nucleosides are chemically modified by modification enzymes. My thesis project focused on the biochemical and structural study of two tRNA C5-pyrimidine methyltransferases (MTases). The first part of my work consisted in the biochemical characterization of the S. Cerevisiae C5-cytosine MTase, Trm4. The analysis of its catalytic mechanism and of its modular organization was then realized. The second part of my work contributed to the identification of the P. Abyssi tRNA m5U54 MTase, PabTrmU54, and led to the resolution of its crystal structure in complex with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, by X-ray crystallography. Finally, all these results participated in the improvement of our knowledge about the specific mode of RNA recognition by modification enzymes
Nodin, Laura. "Vers la synthèse et l’étude d’oligonucléotides modifiés Développement de sondes chimiques ciblant le ribose de l’ARN." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0039/document.
Full textA large number of researches report the interest of oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents. The modes of actions are very varied (antisense therapy, antigen therapy, RNA interference, etc.). However, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of natural oligonucleotides do not allow their in vivo uses. Their properties can be improved by chemical modifications. Our work consists to synthesize a new generation of modified oligoribonucleotides: the oligomers of aminooxy acids nucleosides. In such oligomers, the phosphodiester bond of the RNA is replaced with a N-oxyamide bond -CONHO-. This linkage is stable to chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis and is easily engaged in hydrogen bondings. The preparation of different protected aminooxy esters nucleosides starting from uridine or D-(+)-glucose is presented. Furthermore, N-oxy PNA constitute another family of modified oligonucleotides having a N-oxyamide bond. Structural analysis of the monomers and the dimers of N-oxy PNA is detailed.In addition, a project in collaboration with the LBPA focuses on a method for determining the secondary structure of RNA. To this end, we designed, synthesized and studied chemical probes targeting ribose of unpaired nucleotides. The use of nucleophilic catalysts such as DMAP increases the reactivity of the probes
Davis-Charles, Jean. "Elaboration de nucléosides acycliques modifiés de type pyrazinique potentiellement antiviraux." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0013.
Full textDepelley, Jean. "Synthèse de nucléosides modifiés de type triazinique potentiellement antiviraux/ Jean Depelley." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0030.
Full textHabhoub, Noureddine. "Nucléosides modifiés par fixation d'un intercalant : la proflavine ; synthèse et études pour l'insertion dans des oligonucléotides." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10077.
Full textHabib, Mohammed. "Nucléosides modifiés dans les cellules tumorales : étude immunochimique de la méthylation de l'ADN." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T180.
Full textThiaville, Patrick. "Cellular Responses to Threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) Deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112136.
Full textThe modification of tRNA has a rich literature of biochemical analysis going back more than 40 years; however, the genes responsible for the modifications have only been recently identified. Comparative genomic analysis has allowed for the identification of the genes in bacteria, and subsequent characterization of the enzymes, responsible for the modification N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) located at position 37, adjacent to the anticodon of tRNAs. While the modification is present in all domains of life, only two of the four enzymes responsible for biosynthesis machinery are conserved. In Eukaryotes, both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs are modified with t6A, and previously only the two universally conserved members of the cytoplasmic t6A synthesis pathway, TsaC/Sua5 and TsaD/KaeI/Qri7 were known. Recent progress on deciphering the t6A synthesis pathways has revealed that different solutions have been adopted in different kingdoms, species, and organelles, and these variant pathways are still being characterized.This investigation identified the other four proteins required for cytoplasmic synthesis (Bud32, Pcc1, Cgi121, Gon7), and determined that only Sua5 and Qri7 are required for mitochondrial synthesis of t6A in yeast. The same enzyme, Sua5, performs the first step of t6A synthesis in both the cytoplasm and the mitochondria. It is targeted to both the cytoplasm and the mitochondria through the use of alternative, in-frame AUG translational start sites. This study showed that a minimum synthesis machinery is responsible for mitochondrial t6A, implicating a core set of enzymes from the LUCA.The roles of this complex modification in vivo also seem to vary. For example, t6A is essential in prokaryotes, but not in yeast. The causes of the observed pleiotropic phenotypes triggered by the reduction or absence of t6A synthesis enzymes are not yet fully understood. This work used ribosome profiling to map all translation errors occurring when t6A was absent. By examining ribosomal occupancy of every codon, this work indicates that t6A is helping rare tRNAs compete with high copy tRNAs. The complexity and diversity of the t6A pathway combined with the functional and evolutionary importance of this modification have made t6A a particularly fascinating “decoration” of tRNA to study
Camus, Philippe. "Utilisation d'isocyanates d'aryle pour la préparation de nucléosides modifiés par des cancérogènes : accès à de nouveaux hétérocycles." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10146.
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