Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nucléoside modifié'
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Perrochia, Ludovic. "Caractérisation biochimique des machineries de biosynthèse de t6A, un nucléoside modifié universel." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968096.
Full textPichard, Adeline. "Structure, fonction et évolution de la famille universelle Sua5/YrdC impliquée dans la synthèse du nucléoside modifié t6A." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS371.
Full textStructure, function and evolution of the universal Sua5/YrdC family involved in the modified nucleoside t6A synthesist6A is universally found in tRNAs that read ANN codons and is essential for translation fidelity. Its synthesis takes place in two stages, the first one involving the formation of the reaction intermediate Threonyl-Carbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) by the Sua5/YrdC family. This family is found in all organisms and was thus presumably presents in the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA). It’s composed of two distinct variants, YrdC and Sua5, which share an orthologous catalytic domain. While YrdC is a single domain protein, Sua5 has an additional C-terminal domain of unknown function named SUA5. Most species encode for either variant and both variants are found in the three domains of life, Eukarya, Archaea and Bacteria. To discover the role of the SUA5 domain and the inter-domain linker, we studied the Sua5 protein from the archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi. We found that they are both important for the activity of Sua5. The linker is able to control the entry and exit of ligands by changing conformation while the SUA5 domain acts as an anchoring platform for the linker. To understand the evolutionary history of the Sua5/YrdC family, we then studied the distribution of Sua5 and YrdC across the tree of life and we used in silico and in vitro approaches to identify functional differences between YrdC and Sua5. Taken together, our work allows us to propose that LUCA encoded a Sua5 protein and that YrdC emerged after domain loss in some lineages during evolution
Walbott, Hélène. "Etude biochimique et structurale de deux pyrimidine-c5 méthyltransférases des arn de transfert." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112159.
Full textIn the cell, tRNA is a key molecule of genetic translation. To become functional, it undergoes different steps of post-transcriptional maturation. During this process, some of its nucleosides are chemically modified by modification enzymes. My thesis project focused on the biochemical and structural study of two tRNA C5-pyrimidine methyltransferases (MTases). The first part of my work consisted in the biochemical characterization of the S. Cerevisiae C5-cytosine MTase, Trm4. The analysis of its catalytic mechanism and of its modular organization was then realized. The second part of my work contributed to the identification of the P. Abyssi tRNA m5U54 MTase, PabTrmU54, and led to the resolution of its crystal structure in complex with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, by X-ray crystallography. Finally, all these results participated in the improvement of our knowledge about the specific mode of RNA recognition by modification enzymes
Nodin, Laura. "Vers la synthèse et l’étude d’oligonucléotides modifiés Développement de sondes chimiques ciblant le ribose de l’ARN." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0039/document.
Full textA large number of researches report the interest of oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents. The modes of actions are very varied (antisense therapy, antigen therapy, RNA interference, etc.). However, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of natural oligonucleotides do not allow their in vivo uses. Their properties can be improved by chemical modifications. Our work consists to synthesize a new generation of modified oligoribonucleotides: the oligomers of aminooxy acids nucleosides. In such oligomers, the phosphodiester bond of the RNA is replaced with a N-oxyamide bond -CONHO-. This linkage is stable to chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis and is easily engaged in hydrogen bondings. The preparation of different protected aminooxy esters nucleosides starting from uridine or D-(+)-glucose is presented. Furthermore, N-oxy PNA constitute another family of modified oligonucleotides having a N-oxyamide bond. Structural analysis of the monomers and the dimers of N-oxy PNA is detailed.In addition, a project in collaboration with the LBPA focuses on a method for determining the secondary structure of RNA. To this end, we designed, synthesized and studied chemical probes targeting ribose of unpaired nucleotides. The use of nucleophilic catalysts such as DMAP increases the reactivity of the probes
Davis-Charles, Jean. "Elaboration de nucléosides acycliques modifiés de type pyrazinique potentiellement antiviraux." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0013.
Full textDepelley, Jean. "Synthèse de nucléosides modifiés de type triazinique potentiellement antiviraux/ Jean Depelley." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0030.
Full textHabhoub, Noureddine. "Nucléosides modifiés par fixation d'un intercalant : la proflavine ; synthèse et études pour l'insertion dans des oligonucléotides." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10077.
Full textHabib, Mohammed. "Nucléosides modifiés dans les cellules tumorales : étude immunochimique de la méthylation de l'ADN." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T180.
Full textThiaville, Patrick. "Cellular Responses to Threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) Deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112136.
Full textThe modification of tRNA has a rich literature of biochemical analysis going back more than 40 years; however, the genes responsible for the modifications have only been recently identified. Comparative genomic analysis has allowed for the identification of the genes in bacteria, and subsequent characterization of the enzymes, responsible for the modification N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) located at position 37, adjacent to the anticodon of tRNAs. While the modification is present in all domains of life, only two of the four enzymes responsible for biosynthesis machinery are conserved. In Eukaryotes, both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs are modified with t6A, and previously only the two universally conserved members of the cytoplasmic t6A synthesis pathway, TsaC/Sua5 and TsaD/KaeI/Qri7 were known. Recent progress on deciphering the t6A synthesis pathways has revealed that different solutions have been adopted in different kingdoms, species, and organelles, and these variant pathways are still being characterized.This investigation identified the other four proteins required for cytoplasmic synthesis (Bud32, Pcc1, Cgi121, Gon7), and determined that only Sua5 and Qri7 are required for mitochondrial synthesis of t6A in yeast. The same enzyme, Sua5, performs the first step of t6A synthesis in both the cytoplasm and the mitochondria. It is targeted to both the cytoplasm and the mitochondria through the use of alternative, in-frame AUG translational start sites. This study showed that a minimum synthesis machinery is responsible for mitochondrial t6A, implicating a core set of enzymes from the LUCA.The roles of this complex modification in vivo also seem to vary. For example, t6A is essential in prokaryotes, but not in yeast. The causes of the observed pleiotropic phenotypes triggered by the reduction or absence of t6A synthesis enzymes are not yet fully understood. This work used ribosome profiling to map all translation errors occurring when t6A was absent. By examining ribosomal occupancy of every codon, this work indicates that t6A is helping rare tRNAs compete with high copy tRNAs. The complexity and diversity of the t6A pathway combined with the functional and evolutionary importance of this modification have made t6A a particularly fascinating “decoration” of tRNA to study
Camus, Philippe. "Utilisation d'isocyanates d'aryle pour la préparation de nucléosides modifiés par des cancérogènes : accès à de nouveaux hétérocycles." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10146.
Full textColacino, Evelina. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux analogues de nucléosides pyrimidiques modifiés sur la base hétérocyclique." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20074.
Full textPeyrat, Sandrine. "Vers la synthèse de C-glycosyl aminoxy peptides et d'oligomères de nucléosides aminoxy acides." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675657.
Full textNaval, Magali. "Incorporation de nucléosides modifiés dans des α-oligonucléosides N-alkylphosphoramidates et hybridation avec des cibles nucléiques simple et double brin." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20118.
Full textRobillard, Bertrand. "Synthèse de guanosines modifiées par des amines aromatiques cancérogènes." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10023.
Full textMallard, Isabelle. "Nouvelles voies de synthèse d'hydroxyméthylène bisphosphonates, évaluation de leurs propriétés antitumorales, évaluation de leurs propriétés antitumorales, application à la synthèse de nucleosides et d'oligonucleotides modifiés." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132010.
Full textLaayoun, Ali. "Nucléosides modifiés et lésions de l'ADN : mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode de synthèse d'oligonucléotides à site abasique." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10123.
Full textMaurisse, Rosalie. "Etude des triple-hélices et de leur utilisation pour développer une nouvelle approche de ciblage de gène." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077073.
Full textReynaud, Cécile. "Nucléosides modifiés et cancer : mise au point, développement et validation d'un test ELISA pour les liquides biologiques : immunodétection in situ." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T256.
Full textDesnous, Céline. "Synthèse du photoproduit de type spore en vue de son incorporation dans des oligonucléotides." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112202.
Full textExposure of bacterial spores to UVC light induces the selective formation of the spore photoproduct or 5(alpha-thyminyl)-5,6-dihydrothymine which results from a coupling between two thymines. To achieve structural and biological studies of this lesion, it is necessary to prepare oligonucleotides containing site-specifically the lesion in a known sequence context. Chemical synthesis represents the only approach to the spore photoproduct suitably protected and functionalized for its incorporation into oligonucleotides by solid-supported synthesis. In the course of the spore photoproduct synthesis, we explored several synthetic pathways: tandem Michael-aldol coupling, acylation or aldolisation. Finally aldol coupling between protected 5,6 dihydrothymidine and 5 formyl-2'-deoxyuridine afforded an alcohol derivative of the spore photoproduct. To obtain the spore photoproduct, the alcohol has to be deoxygenated. This is the subject of the last part of the thesis. Ionic and radical reductions were carried out and the deoxygenation was achieved by reduction of the xanthate-functionalized alcohol by hypophosphorous acid through a Barton-McCombie process. Applied to orthogonally protected nucleosides, this chemical pathway will give access to a spore photoproduct building block incorporable in oligonucleotides
Prunier, Anaïs. "Etude de la réaction d’Aza-Michael en série fluorée : accés à des β-fluoroallylamines analogues de biomolecules via la réaction de Julia modifiée." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2080.
Full textAmines are important in organic chemistry and are mainly present in numerous biomolecules. The introduction of fluorine atoms on amino-compounds modifies their biological properties, and for example it has been used to improve metabolic stability of some medicines. The main work of this PhD thesis is focused on the preparation of β-fluoroallylamines, analogues of biomolecules, through a direct and flexible approach. In connection with the previous works realized in the laboratory concerning the one-step synthesis of fluoroalkylidenes, the preparation of new olefination reagents has been developed to prepare fluoroamines. The study of the aza-Michael addition reaction has ben achieved to prepare new functionalised fluoroaminosulfones. Involed in the modified Julia reaction, the synthesis of biomolecules analogues containing fluoroallylamine moiety has been realized, and applied for the preparation of fluorinated acyclonucleoside analogues
Mialhe, Samuel. "Synthèse et étude de 2'-C-méthyl-β-D-ribonuléosides à visée anti-hépatite C : dérivés de l'imadazole, dérivés puriques modifiés en position 6, analogues 5'-phosphonates." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20158.
Full textJames, Damien. "Développement d'outils organométalliques en vue du transfert de méthyle, application à la synthèse de radiotraceurs pour la TEP." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13900/document.
Full textThe modified Stille cross-coupling developed by Pr. Fouquet’s group was applied to the methylation of nucleosides, dinucleotides and oligonucleotides in order to develop a methodology for labelling aptamers with carbon 11 for the early diagnosis of cancer by PET. This pallado-catalyzed cross-coupling is based on the use of monoorganotin activated by a source of fluoride accelerating the reaction. Initial methodology tests helped to finalize the transfer of methyl group on various nucleosides and a dinucleotide, with reaction conditions compatible with the short half-life of carbon 11 (20.4 min) and the special nature of oligonucleotides. Then, this methodology was applied to oligonucleotide models obtained after incorporation of the most promising nucleosides
Krstulja, Aleksandra. "Development of molecularly imprinted polymers for the recognition of urinary nucleoside cancer biomarkers." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2009.
Full textThis thesis report presents the exploration of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technology for developing of a sensitive and selective polymers used in urinary nucleoside biomarker recognition. The main goal was to develop water compatible MIPs prepared by a “dummy template” imprinting technology, using a non-covalent approach and radical-polymerization in bulk. We were focusing mostly on the polymer quality in the formulation (rigidity, stability and repeatability). This was chosen empirically first by production of powders from monolithic MIP. Thus, to accomplish the stated goals, we have explored the choice of the template molecule. A model study presented by Chapter 3, using three 2’3’5’-tri-Operacylateduridine nucleosides as templates in a “dummy” template approach was first developed. Then, applying the knowledge of the type of template choice, we developed a selective MIP for recognition of pseudouridine and N7-methylguanosine in the studies presented in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 respectively. By using 2’3’5’-tri-O-acetylpseudouridine and 2’3’5’-tri-O-acetylguanosine as templates. Chromatographic methods like HPLC retention and frontal analysis were used in the interest of determining the binding capacity of synthesized polymers, and the behavior in synthetic urine. Finally, to evaluate the possible application of these polymers in urine, molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) was developed. Selective purification of urine samples containing pseudouridine and N7-methylguanosine obtained in the end
Somme, Jonathan. "Structure-function relationship studies on the tRNA methyltransferases TrmJ and Trm10 belonging to the SPOUT superfamily." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209122.
Full textIn the first part of this work we have identified the TrmJ enzyme of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (the model organism of hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeota) which 2’-O-methylates the nucleoside at position 32 of tRNAs. This protein belongs to the SPOUT superfamily and is homologous to TrmJ of the bacterium Escherichia coli. A comparative study shows that the two enzymes have different specificities for the nature of the nucleoside at position 32 as well as for their tRNA substrates. To try to understand these shifts of specificity at a molecular level we solved the crystal structure of the SPOUT domains of the two TrmJ proteins.
In the second part of this work, we have determined the crystal structure of the Trm10 protein of S. acidocaldarius. This is the first structure of a 1-methyladenosine (m1A) specific Trm10 and also the first structure of a full length Trm10 protein. The Trm10 protein of S. acidocaldarius is distantly related to its yeast homologues which are 1-methylguanosine (m1G) specific. To understand the difference of activity between the Trm10 enzymes, we compared the yeast and the S. acidocaldarius Trm10 structures. Remarkably several Trm10 proteins (such as Trm10 of Thermococcus kodakaraensis) are even able to form both m1A and m1G. To understand the capacity of the T. kodakaraensis protein to methylate A and G, a mutational study was initiated./Lors de la traduction, les ARN de transfert (ARNt) jouent le rôle crucial d’adaptateurs entre l’ARN messager et les acides aminés. Les ARNt sont transcrits sous forme de pré-ARNt qui doivent être maturés. Lors de cette maturation, plusieurs nucléosides sont modifiés. Un grand nombre de ces modifications sont des méthylations des bases ou du ribose. Quatre familles d’ARNt méthyltransferases sont actuellement connues, dont la superfamille des SPOUT. Les membres de cette superfamille sont caractérisés par un nœud dans la chaîne polypeptidique du côté C-terminal. C’est au niveau de ce nœud que se lie la S-adénosylméthionine qui est le donneur de groupement méthyle. A l’exception de Trm10 qui est monomérique, toutes les protéines SPOUT connues sont dimériques et leur site actif est formé de résidus provenant des deux protomères. Selon l’espèce, une même modification peut être formée à la même position dans la molécule d’ARNt par des enzymes qui appartiennent à des familles différentes. A l’opposé, des enzymes homologues peuvent présenter des spécificités ou des activités différentes.
Au cours de ce travail, nous avons identifié l’enzyme TrmJ de Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (l’organisme modèle des Crénarchées hyperthermophiles) qui méthyle le ribose du nucléoside en position 32 des ARNt. Cette protéine est un homologue de l’enzyme TrmJ de la bactérie Escherichia coli. L’étude comparative que nous avons réalisée a révélé que ces deux enzymes présentent une différence de spécificité pour la nature du nucléoside en position 32 ainsi que pour les ARNt substrats. Afin de comprendre ces différences de spécificité au niveau moléculaire, les structures des domaines SPOUT des deux TrmJ ont été déterminées et comparées.
En parallèle, nous avons résolu la structure cristalline de la protéine Trm10 de S. acidocaldarius. C’est la première structure disponible d’un enzyme Trm10 formant de la 1-méthyladénosine (m1A). C’est aussi la première structure complète d’une protéine Trm10. Les enzymes homologues des levures Saccharomyces cerevisiae et Schizosaccharomyces pombe qui n’ont que peu d’identité de séquence avec l’enzyme de S. acidocaldarius, forment de la 1-méthylguanosine (m1G). Dans le but de comprendre comment ces enzymes homologues peuvent présenter des activités différentes, leurs structures ont été comparées. De manière surprenante, certains homologues de Trm10 (comme l’enzyme de l’Euryarchée Thermococcus kodakaraensis) sont capables de former du m1A et du m1G. Afin de mieux comprendre comment ces protéines sont capables de méthyler deux types de bases, nous avons initié l’étude de l’enzyme Trm10 de T. kodakaraensis par mutagenèse dirigée.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Yurenko, Yevgen. "Etude des propriétés énergétiques, conformationnelles et vibrationnelles des déoxyribonucléosides canoniques et modifiés à l'aide des méthodes de la chimie quantique ab initio." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066526.
Full textBarbe, Sophie. "Modulation de l'interaction intégrase/ADN du VIH-1 par des dérivés des styrylquinoléines et par la modification de nucléotides." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129455.
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