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Journal articles on the topic 'Nucleosideos - Metabolismo'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Centelles, J. J., M. Cascante, E. I. Canela, and R. Franco. "A model for adenosine transport and metabolism." Biochemical Journal 287, no. 2 (1992): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2870461.

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1. A model is presented for adenosine transport and metabolism in different steady states. The model considers steady-state equations for metabolic enzymes based on information from the literature on their kinetic behaviour. 2. Assuming that extracellular adenosine and inosine are translocated by three transporters, we have devised rate equations for these nucleoside transporters which are valid when both nucleosides are present. Since the Na(+)-independent transporter can either incorporate nucleosides into the cell or release them, various conditions have been simulated in which inosine was

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2

Dolinar, Klemen, Vid Jan, Mojca Pavlin, Alexander V. Chibalin, and Sergej Pirkmajer. "Nucleosides block AICAR-stimulated activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle and cancer cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 315, no. 6 (2018): C803—C817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00311.2017.

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AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a major regulator of energy metabolism and a promising target for development of new treatments for type 2 diabetes and cancer. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine analog, is a standard positive control for AMPK activation in cell-based assays. Some broadly used cell culture media, such as minimal essential medium α (MEMα), contain high concentrations of adenosine and other nucleosides. We determined whether such media alter AICAR action in skeletal muscle and cancer cells. In nucleoside-free media, AICAR stimulated AMPK acti

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3

Lecoq, K., I. Belloc, C. Desgranges, M. Konrad, and B. Daignan-Fornier. "YLR209c Encodes Saccharomyces cerevisiae Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 16 (2001): 4910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.16.4910-4913.2001.

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ABSTRACT The yeast YLR209c (PNP1) gene encodes a protein highly similar to purine nucleoside phosphorylases. This protein specifically metabolized inosine and guanosine. Disruption ofPNP1 led to inosine and guanosine excretion in the medium, thus showing that PNP1 plays an important role in the metabolism of these purine nucleosides in vivo.

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4

Pogosian, L. H., L. S. Nersesova, M. G. Gazariants, Z. S. Mkrtchian, and J. I. Akopian. "Some inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylase." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 57, no. 5 (2011): 526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20115705526.

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Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) catalyzes reversible phosphorolysis of purine deoxy- and ribonucleosides with formation (d)Rib-1-P and corresponding bases. PNP plays a leading role in the cell metabolism of nucleosides and nucleotides, as well as in maintaining the immune status of an organism. The major aim of the majority of studies on the PNP is the detection of highly effective inhibitors of this enzyme, derivatives of purine nucleosides used in medicine as immunosuppressors, which are essential for creating selective T-cell immunodeficiency in a human body for organ and tissue trans

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5

Kawczyński, W., B. Czochralska, and D. Shugar. "Electrochemical reduction products of azido nucleosides, including zidovudine (AZT): mechanisms and relevance to their intracellular metabolism." Acta Biochimica Polonica 40, no. 2 (1993): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1993_4821.

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Previous studies on electrochemical reduction of the HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (Zidovudine, AZT) and several of its analogues, have been extended to 2'-AZdT and two of the intracellular metabolites of AZT, the 5'-O-glucuronide (GAZT) and the 5'-phosphate (AZTMP). Also investigated were azido nucleosides with aglycons susceptible to electrochemical reduction, cytosine and adenine. The surface activities of these compounds at the mercury electrode were examined. In all instances, reduction of the azido group was a two-electron process, with conversion to an

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6

Aučynaitė, Agota, Rasa Rutkienė, Daiva Tauraitė, Rolandas Meškys, and Jaunius Urbonavičius. "Identification of a 2′-O-Methyluridine Nucleoside Hydrolase Using the Metagenomic Libraries." Molecules 23, no. 11 (2018): 2904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112904.

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Ribose methylation is among the most ubiquitous modifications found in RNA. 2′-O-methyluridine is found in rRNA, snRNA, snoRNA and tRNA of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota. Moreover, 2′-O-methylribonucleosides are promising starting materials for the production of nucleic acid-based drugs. Despite the countless possibilities of practical use for the metabolic enzymes associated with methylated nucleosides, there are very few reports regarding the metabolic fate and enzymes involved in the metabolism of 2′-O-alkyl nucleosides. The presented work focuses on the cellular degradation of 2′-O-methy

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7

Fisher, Owain, Ruth A. Benson, and Christopher HE Imray. "The clinical application of purine nucleosides as biomarkers of tissue Ischemia and hypoxia in humans in vivo." Biomarkers in Medicine 13, no. 11 (2019): 953–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/bmm-2019-0049.

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During periods of ischemia and hypoxia, intracellular adenosine triphosphate stores are rapidly depleted. Its metabolism results in release of purine nucleosides into the systemic circulation. While the potential of purine nucleosides as a biomarker of ischemia has long been recognized, this has been limited by their complex physiological role and inherent instability leading to problematic sampling and prolonged, complex analysis procedures. Purine release has been demonstrated from cerebral tissue in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and patients presenting to hospital with stroke a

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8

WORMIT, Alexandra, Michaela TRAUB, Martin FLÖRCHINGER, H. Ekkehard NEUHAUS, and Torsten MÖHLMANN. "Characterization of three novel members of the Arabidopsis thaliana equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) family." Biochemical Journal 383, no. 1 (2004): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20040389.

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Research on metabolism of nucleotides and their derivatives has gained increasing interest in the recent past. This includes de novo synthesis, analysis of salvage pathways, breakdown and transport of nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleobases. To perform a further step towards the analysis of nucleoside transport in Arabidopsis, we incubated leaf discs with various radioactively labelled nucleosides. Leaf cells imported labelled nucleosides and incorporated these compounds into RNA, but not into DNA. Furthermore, we report on the biochemical properties of three so far uncharacterized members of

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9

Griffon, Jean-François, Sue C. Shaddix, William B. Parker та ін. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some 4'-C-(Hydroxymethyl)-α- and -β-D-Arabinofuranosyl Pyrimidine and Adenine Nucleosides". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 71, № 7 (2006): 1063–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20061063.

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A series of 4'-C-(hydroxymethyl) analogs of pyrimidine and purine nucleosides have been prepared utilizing standard methodologies, and the α and β anomers were separated. These analogs are part of our continuing efforts to identify new anticancer drugs as well as to explore the substrate specificities of these analogs with the initial activating enzymes in the metabolic pathway leading to nucleoside triphosphates. Although not cytotoxic to CCRF-CEM cells (an acute lymphoblastic leukemia of T-cell origin), many of these compounds were utilized as substrates for the various human nucleoside kina

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10

Young, J. D., S. M. Jarvis, A. S. Clanachan, J. F. Henderson, and A. R. Paterson. "Nitrobenzylthioinosine: an in vivo inhibitor of pig erythrocyte energy metabolism." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 251, no. 1 (1986): C90—C94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1986.251.1.c90.

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The potential role of plasma nucleosides as metabolic energy substrates for pig erythrocytes, which are impermeable to glucose, was investigated in vivo by infusion of anesthetized pigs with nitrobenzylthioinosine phosphate (NBMPR-P), a soluble prodrug form of the specific nucleoside transport inhibitor, nitrobenzylthioinosine. NBMPR-P administration (1 or 10 mg X kg-1 X h-1) led to complete in vivo blockade of erythrocyte nucleoside transport activity and was associated with a dramatic decrease in the erythrocyte [ATP]-to-[ADP] ratio from 11.4 at time 0 to 2.9 after 4 h (mean results from 3 a

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11

Chantin, C., B. Bonin, R. Boulieu, and C. Bory. "Liquid-chromatographic study of purine metabolism abnormalities in purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency." Clinical Chemistry 42, no. 2 (1996): 326–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.2.326.

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Abstract Using HPLC methods, we measured the concentrations of nucleosides and nucleotides for a patient with no purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP; EC 2.4.2.1) enzymatic activity. Concentrations of inosine and guanosine were abnormally high in urine and plasma, whereas guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) concentrations in erythrocytes were depleted. The unusual presence of deoxyribonucleosides (deoxyinosine and deoxyguanosine) and deoxyribonucleotides (dGDP and dGTP) was also notable. Thus, HPLC represents an accurate and useful tool for the study of purine metaboli

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12

Bone, Derek B. J., Doo-Sup Choi, Imogen R. Coe, and James R. Hammond. "Nucleoside/nucleobase transport and metabolism by microvascular endothelial cells isolated from ENT1−/− mice." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 299, no. 3 (2010): H847—H856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00018.2010.

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Nucleoside and nucleobase uptake is integral to mammalian cell function, and its disruption has significant effects on the cardiovasculature. The predominant transporters in this regard are the equilibrative nucleoside transporter subtypes 1 (ENT1) and 2 (ENT2). To examine the role of ENT1 in more detail, we have assessed the mechanisms by which microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) from ENT1−/− mice transport and metabolize nucleosides and nucleobases. Wild-type murine MVECs express mainly the ENT1 subtype with only trace levels of ENT2. These cells also have a Na+-independent equilibrative

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13

Stuer-Lauridsen, Birgitte, and Per Nygaard. "Purine Salvage in Two Halophilic Archaea: Characterization of Salvage Pathways and Isolation of Mutants Resistant to Purine Analogs." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 3 (1998): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.3.457-463.1998.

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ABSTRACT In exponentially growing cultures of the extreme halophileHalobacterium halobium and the moderate halophileHaloferax volcanii, growth characteristics including intracellular protein levels, RNA content, and nucleotide pool sizes were analyzed. This is the first report on pool sizes of nucleoside triphosphates, NAD, and PRPP (5-phosphoribosyl-α-1-pyrophosphate) in archaea. The presence of a number of salvage and interconversion enzymes was determined by enzymatic assays. The levels varied significantly between the two organisms. The most significant difference was the absence of GMP re

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14

Mathew, Anu, Mira Grdisa, and R. M. Johnstone. "Nucleosides and glutamine are primary energy substrates for embryonic and adult chicken red cells." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 71, no. 5-6 (1993): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o93-043.

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It has been assumed that glucose is a major energy yielding substrate for chicken red blood cells. In this report we show that glucose fails to maintain cellular ATP levels in embryonic and mature chicken erythrocytes during overnight incubation. Of over a dozen metabolites tested, inosine, guanosine, and glutamine were the most efficacious ATP-sustaining substrates. Of seven potential citric acid cycle substrates, only glutamine significantly sustained ATP levels. Incubation with inosine plus glutamine sustained the ATP level at over 70% of the initial value found in embryonic chicken red cel

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15

Danilova, Nadia, Kathleen M. Sakamoto, and Shuo Lin. "Beneficial Effects of Nucleoside Treatment in Zebrafish Models of Diamond Blackfan Anemia Deficient in Ribosomal Proteins L11 or S19,." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 3439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.3439.3439.

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Abstract Abstract 3439 Deficiency of ribosomal protein (RPs) is associated with Diamond Blackfan Anemia, (DBA) a congenital syndrome with bone marrow failure and variable malformations. Recent studies of ours and other labs established p53 network activation as a major contributor to DBA. Therefore, modulation of p53-dependent pathways emerges as a most promising approach to DBA treatment. Direct suppression of 53 may, however, lead to increased risk of malignant transformation. Search for more physiological modulators of p53 pathways is therefore warranted. p53 has been shown both to respond

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16

Geisbuhler, T. P., D. A. Johnson, and M. J. Rovetto. "Cardiac myocyte guanosine transport and metabolism." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 253, no. 5 (1987): C645—C651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1987.253.5.c645.

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Guanosine transport and metabolism were examined in adult rat cardiac myocytes. Myocytes transported guanosine via saturable [Km = 18 microM, maximum velocity (Vmax) = 3.61 pmol.mg-1.s-1] and nonsaturable (rate constant = 1.47 X 10(-2] processes. The saturable process was inhibited by nitrobenzyl-thioinosine, inosine [inhibition constant (Ki) = 180 microM], and adenosine (Ki = 112 microM). Extracellular guanosine taken up by myocytes was slowly phosphorylated to guanine nucleotides. The majority of guanosine (98%) existed as free intracellular guanosine after 60 s. Countertransport of nucleosi

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17

Furman, P. A., J. E. Wilson, J. E. Reardon, and G. R. Painter. "The Effect of Absolute Configuration on the Anti-HIV and Anti-HBV Activity of Nucleoside Analogues." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 6, no. 6 (1995): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632029500600601.

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This review concerns the effect of stereoisomerism on the selective activity of anti-HIV and anti-HBV nucleoside analogues. The synthesis of a number of nucleoside analogues with anti-HIV and anti-HBV activity yields mixtures of 1-β-D and 1-β-L stereoisomers. Anti-HIV and anti-HBV activity is associated primarily with one of the two enantiomers and the more potent activity does not always reside with the 1-β-D configuration characteristic of natural nucleosides. In the case of HIV, the origin of this stereoselectivity appears to be the result of differential metabolism of the analogues and not

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18

Pérignon, Jean-Louis, Dominique M. Bories, Anne-Marie Houllier, Laure Thuillier, and Pierre H. Cartier. "Metabolism of pyrimidine bases and nucleosides by pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylases in cultured human lymphoid cells." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 928, no. 2 (1987): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4889(87)90113-3.

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19

GOMEZ-ANGELATS, Mireia, Belén del SANTO, Joan MERCADER, et al. "Hormonal regulation of concentrative nucleoside transport in liver parenchymal cells." Biochemical Journal 313, no. 3 (1996): 915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3130915.

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Na+-dependent uridine uptake is stimulated in isolated rat liver parenchymal cells by glucagon. This effect is transient, reaches maximum levels of stimulation 10 min after hormone addition, and is dose-dependent. Glucagon action can be mimicked by agents that are able to hyperpolarize the plasma membrane (e.g. monensin) and by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The effects triggered by glucagon, monensin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP are not additive, suggesting a common mechanism of action. 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3´:5´-cyclic monophosphate (PCT), a cyclic AMP analogue but also a nucleoside analogue,

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20

Hammond, J. R. "Differential uptake of [3H]guanosine by nucleoside transporter subtypes in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells." Biochemical Journal 287, no. 2 (1992): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2870431.

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Intracellular metabolism of [3H]guanosine was minimal (< 15%) during the first 22 s of incubation, and hence reasonable estimates of initial-rate influx kinetics could be derived by using metabolically active cells. Na(+)-dependent concentrative [3H]guanosine uptake was not observed. Data suggest that [3H]guanosine was accumulated primarily via the nitrobenzylthioguanosine (NBTGR)-sensitive subtype of facilitated nucleoside transporter. Incubation of cells with 100 nM-NBTGR significantly decreased the potency of guanosine as an inhibitor of [3H]uridine influx. The Vmax. for [3H]guanosine in

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21

Tomassini, Joanne E., Krista Getty, Mark W. Stahlhut, et al. "Inhibitory Effect of 2′-Substituted Nucleosides on Hepatitis C Virus Replication Correlates with Metabolic Properties in Replicon Cells." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 5 (2005): 2050–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.5.2050-2058.2005.

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ABSTRACT Nucleosides have been widely used in the treatment of viral diseases, but relatively few have been identified as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The modified ribonucleosides, 2′-C-methyl-adenosine and 2′-O-methyl-cytidine, are potent inhibitors of HCV replication which specifically target the NS5B polymerase. Herein, a more extensive characterization of the effect of these compounds upon HCV replication in subgenomic replicons is reported. A highly selective antireplicative effect induced by the nucleosides in replicon-containing cell lines was maintained during an exponential

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22

Mathew, A., M. Grdisa, P. J. Robbins, M. K. White, and R. M. Johnstone. "Loss of glucose transporters is an early event in differentiation of HD3 cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 266, no. 5 (1994): C1222—C1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.5.c1222.

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The HD3 cell, a chicken erythroblast cell line infected with a temperature-sensitive avian erythroblastosis virus, becomes committed to differentiate to an erythrocyte upon temperature shift in presence of inducers. Before induction, the HD3 cell transports glucose and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). 3-O-methylglucose is poorly taken up. Upon induction of differentiation, glucose and 2-DG transport activity fall. Twenty-four hours postinduction, up to 75% of the glucose transport activity may disappear. By use of cDNA probes for chicken glucose transporters, two species of mRNA of 3.1 and 1.7 kb (equiv

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23

Schwartz, Lisa M., Thomas R. Bukowski, James H. Revkin, and James B. Bassingthwaighte. "Cardiac endothelial transport and metabolism of adenosine and inosine." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 277, no. 3 (1999): H1241—H1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1999.277.3.h1241.

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The influence of transmembrane flux limitations on cellular metabolism of purine nucleosides was assessed in whole organ studies. Transcapillary transport of the purine nucleosides adenosine (Ado) and inosine (Ino) via paracellular diffusion through interendothelial clefts in parallel with carrier-mediated transendothelial fluxes was studied in isolated, Krebs-Henseleit-perfused rabbit and guinea pig hearts. After injection into coronary inflow, multiple-indicator dilution curves were obtained from coronary outflow for 90 s for131I-labeled albumin (intravascular reference tracer), [3H]arabinof

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24

Tecle, Eillen, Crystal B. Chhan, Latisha Franklin, Ryan S. Underwood, Wendy Hanna-Rose, and Emily R. Troemel. "The purine nucleoside phosphorylase pnp-1 regulates epithelial cell resistance to infection in C. elegans." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 4 (2021): e1009350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009350.

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Intestinal epithelial cells are subject to attack by a diverse array of microbes, including intracellular as well as extracellular pathogens. While defense in epithelial cells can be triggered by pattern recognition receptor-mediated detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns, there is much to be learned about how they sense infection via perturbations of host physiology, which often occur during infection. A recently described host defense response in the nematode C. elegans called the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR) can be triggered by infection with diverse natural intracellul

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25

Mikdar, Mahmoud, Pedro González-Menéndez, Xiaoli Cai, et al. "The equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT1 is critical for nucleotide homeostasis and optimal erythropoiesis." Blood 137, no. 25 (2021): 3548–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020007281.

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Abstract The tight regulation of intracellular nucleotides is critical for the self-renewal and lineage specification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Nucleosides are major metabolite precursors for nucleotide biosynthesis and their availability in HSCs is dependent on their transport through specific membrane transporters. However, the role of nucleoside transporters in the differentiation of HSCs to the erythroid lineage and in red cell biology remains to be fully defined. Here, we show that the absence of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1) in human red blood cells with a rar

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26

De Schutter, Coralie, Maryam Ehteshami, Emily T. Hammond, Franck Amblard, and Raymond F. Schinazi. "Metabolism of Nucleosides and Nucleotides Prodrugs." Current Pharmaceutical Design 23, no. 45 (2018): 6984–7002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666171011104158.

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27

Čihák, Alois, Jiří Vesely̌, and Jan Sǩoda. "Azapyrimidine nucleosides: metabolism and inhibitory mechanisms." Advances in Enzyme Regulation 24 (January 1985): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0065-2571(85)90085-8.

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28

Herbert, K. E., D. L. Scott, and D. Perrett. "Nucleosides and bases in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis." Clinical Science 74, no. 1 (1988): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0740097.

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1. Nucleosides and bases in physiological fluids result from metabolism of nucleic acids and nucleotides and from dietary sources. As nucleotide catabolism increases during tissue injury, nucleosides and bases could serve as useful biochemical markers in arthritis. 2. We have quantified nucleosides and bases in synovial fluid and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography in order to examine whether nucleotide metabolism is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. 3. At least ten u.v.-absorbing compounds were detected in plasma and synovial fluid; only urate, c

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29

Marcus, E. Ted, Afaf Gundy, Corey H. Levenson, and Rich B. Meyer. "Nucleosides of 1,4-thiazin-3-one and derivatives as tetrahedral intermediate analogs of enzymes in pyrimidine nucleoside metabolism." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 31, no. 8 (1988): 1575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00403a015.

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30

Liu, Dequan, Yu Yun, Dechun Yang, et al. "What Is the Biological Function of Uric Acid? An Antioxidant for Neural Protection or a Biomarker for Cell Death." Disease Markers 2019 (January 10, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4081962.

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The main aim of the present study was to investigate the biological function of uric acid. The level of uric acid in different organs in normal male rats was determined with uric acid assay kits, and the expression level of genes in the organs was determined by RNA quantitative sequencing. The correlation analysis between uric acid in the organs and gene expression (measured by FPKM value) was made. Serum uric acid (SUA) in patients with breast cancer or with breast benign tumor was assayed when the diagnosis was made, and SUA in patients with breast cancer was also assayed just after chemothe

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31

Möhlmann, T., C. Bernard, S. Hach, and H. Ekkehard Neuhaus. "Nucleoside transport and associated metabolism*." Plant Biology 12 (May 18, 2010): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00351.x.

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32

Daher, George C., Barry E. Harris, and Robert B. Diasio. "Metabolism of pyrimidine analogues and their nucleosides." Pharmacology & Therapeutics 48, no. 2 (1990): 189–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(90)90080-l.

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33

Jenuth, Jack P., Ellen R. Mably, and Floyd F. Snyder. "Modelling of purine nucleoside metabolism during mouse embryonic development. Relative routes of adenosine, deoxyadenosine, and deoxyguanosine metabolism." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 74, no. 2 (1996): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o96-022.

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The individual activities for adenosine kinase, deoxyadenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, deoxyguanosine kinase, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase were determined during days 7 to 13 of mouse embryonic development. Adenosine deaminase increased 74-fold between days 7 and 9; deoxyadenosine kinase increased 5.4-fold during the same interval. Adenosine kinase, deoxyguanosine kinase, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase exhibited less than 2-fold changes in activity between days 7 and 13. Using Michaelis constants for each enzyme and the maximal velocities determined from enzyme assay, the rela

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34

Jordheim, Lars P., Tu Nguyen, Xavier Thomas, Charles Dumontet, and Sean V. Tavtigian. "Identification of Genetic Markers for the Outcome of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Cytarabine." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 4294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4294.4294.

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Abstract Cytotoxic nucleoside analogues are largely used in the treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Their mechanism of action, based on interference with the metabolism of physiological nucleosides, targets well known gene products involved in transmembrane transport and intracellular metabolism. Several studies have shown correlations between the expression level of some of these genes and the clinical response to nucleoside analogue-based treatments. We proposed to study the potential involvement of genomic sequence variation in inter-individual heterogeneity of the exp

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35

Tullson, P. C., D. M. Whitlock, and R. L. Terjung. "Adenine nucleotide degradation in slow-twitch red muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 258, no. 2 (1990): C258—C265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1990.258.2.c258.

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The catabolism of adenine nucleotides (AdN) in rat soleus muscle (predominantly slow twitch) is very different from that in fast-twitch muscle. AMP deaminase is highly inhibited during brief (3 min) intense (120 tetani/min) in situ stimulation, resulting in little inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) accumulation (0.21 mumol/g). Even with ligation of the femoral artery during the same brief intense contraction conditions there is surprisingly little increase in IMP (0.37 mumol/g), although AdN depletion is evident (-1.30 mumol/g). We have tested the hypothesis that accumulation of purine nucleosides

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36

Durand-Gasselin, Lucie, David Da Silva, Henri Benech, Alain Pruvost, and Jacques Grassi. "Evidence and Possible Consequences of the Phosphorylation of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in Human Red Blood Cells." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 6 (2007): 2105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00831-06.

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ABSTRACT The intracellular metabolism of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) in mononuclear cells has been thoroughly studied, but that in red blood cells (RBC) has been disregarded. However, the phosphorylation of other analogous nucleosides (in particular, ribavirin) has been described previously. In this study, we investigated for the first time the phosphorylation of NRTI in human RBC. The presence of intracellular zidovudine (AZT) monophosphate, AZT triphosphate, lamivudine (3TC) triphosphate, and tenofovir (TFV) diphosphate, as well as endogenous dATP, dGTP, and dTTP, in R

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Altaweraqi, Reema A., Sylvia Y. M. Yao, Kyla M. Smith, Carol E. Cass, and James D. Young. "HPLC reveals novel features of nucleoside and nucleobase homeostasis, nucleoside metabolism and nucleoside transport." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1862, no. 7 (2020): 183247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183247.

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Zhang, Yumei, Songge Guo, Chunyan Xie, and Jun Fang. "Uridine Metabolism and Its Role in Glucose, Lipid, and Amino Acid Homeostasis." BioMed Research International 2020 (April 15, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7091718.

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Pyrimidine nucleoside uridine plays a critical role in maintaining cellular function and energy metabolism. In addition to its role in nucleoside synthesis, uridine and its derivatives contribute to reduction of cytotoxicity and suppression of drug-induced hepatic steatosis. Uridine is mostly present in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, where it contributes to the maintenance of basic cellular functions affected by UPase enzyme activity, feeding habits, and ATP depletion. Uridine metabolism depends on three stages: de novo synthesis, salvage synthesis pathway and catabolism, and homeostasis, whic

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Danilova, Nadia, Bibikova Elena, Todd Covey, et al. "Defective Nucleotide Metabolism Contributes To p53 Activation In Diamond-Blackfan Anemia." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1225.1225.

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Abstract Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a rare childhood bone marrow failure disorder, characterized by the presence of red cell aplasia, congenital abnormalities, and increased levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA). Haploinsufficiency of ribosomal proteins (RPs) due to mutations in RPS19 and RPL11 occurs approximately 25% and 5% of DBA patients, respectively. The pathogenesis of DBA has been associated with activation of p53, but the mechanism of how this leads to the erythroid defect in DBA patients is not well understood. To understand the molecular pathways leading to DBA, we used previous

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Rosiers, Christine Des, Stephan Nees, and Eckehart Gerlach. "Purine metabolism in cultured aortic and coronary endothelial cells." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 67, no. 1 (1989): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o89-002.

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Purine salvage pathways in cultured endothelial cells of macrovascular (pig aorta) and microvascular (guinea pig coronary system) origin were investigated by measuring the incorporation of radioactive purine bases (adenine or hypoxanthine) or nucleosides (adenosine or inosine) into purine nucleotides. These precursors were used at initial extracellular concentrations of 0.1, 5, and 500 μM. In both types of endothelial cells, purine nucleotide synthesis occurred with all four substrates. Aortic endothelial cells salvaged adenine best among purines and nucleosides when applied at 0.1 μM. At 5 an

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Wojdyła-Mamoń, Anna M., Jarosław Zimny, Joanna Romanowska, et al. "Novel reactivity of Fhit proteins: catalysts for fluorolysis of nucleoside 5′-phosphoramidates and nucleoside 5′-phosphosulfates to generate nucleoside 5′-phosphorofluoridates." Biochemical Journal 468, no. 2 (2015): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20141568.

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Fragile histidine triad (HIT) proteins (Fhit)-dependent fluorolysis of nucleoside 5′-phosphoramidates (NH2-pNs) or nucleoside 5′-phosphosulfates (SO4-pNs) is the first example of enzymatic formation of P–F bond-containing nucleotides. Fhits may act as gates by which fluoride can affect metabolism of nucleotides.

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Seamon, Kyle J., and James T. Stivers. "A High-Throughput Enzyme-Coupled Assay for SAMHD1 dNTPase." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 20, no. 6 (2015): 801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057115575150.

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Sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a recently discovered enzyme that plays a central role in nucleotide metabolism and innate immunity. SAMHD1 has deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) triphosphohydrolase activity that depletes the dNTP substrates required for DNA synthesis in cells. The involvement of SAMHD1 in biological processes as varied as viral restriction, endogenous retroelement control, cancer, and modulation of anticancer/antiviral nucleoside drug efficacy makes it a valuable target for the development of small-molecule inhibitors.

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Kato, Ryo, Tomoji Maeda, Toshihiro Akaike, and Ikumi Tamai. "Characterization of novel Na+-dependent nucleobase transport systems at the blood-testis barrier." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 290, no. 5 (2006): E968—E975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00160.2005.

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In the testis, nucleosides and nucleobases are important substrates of the salvage pathway for nucleotide biosynthesis, and one of the roles of Sertoli cells is to provide nutrients and metabolic precursors to spermatogenic cells located within the blood-testis barrier (BTB). We have already shown that concentrative and equilibrative nucleoside transporters are expressed and are functional in primary-cultured rat Sertoli cells as a BTB model, but little is known about nucleobase transport at the BTB or about the genes encoding specific nucleobase transporters in mammalian cells. In the present

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Krosky, Paula M., Katherine Z. Borysko, M. Reza Nassiri та ін. "Phosphorylation of β-d-Ribosylbenzimidazoles Is Not Required for Activity against Human Cytomegalovirus". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, № 2 (2002): 478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.2.478-486.2002.

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ABSTRACT We have previously reported that 2,5,6-trichloro-1-(β-d-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (TCRB) and its 2-bromo analog (2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(β-d-ribofuranosy)benzimidazole [BDCRB]) are potent and selective inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication that block viral DNA maturation via HCMV gene products UL89 and UL56. To determine if phosphorylation is required for antiviral activity, the in vitro metabolism of BDCRB was examined and the antiviral activities of nonphosphorylatable 5′-deoxy analogs were determined. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) an

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BUCHWALD, A., B. ITO, and W. SCHAPER. "Influence of mioflazine on cardiac nucleoside metabolism." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 17 (1985): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2828(85)80215-7.

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West, Thomas P., and Chien-Peng Chu. "Pyrimidine base and nucleoside metabolism inPseudomonas cepacia." Journal of Basic Microbiology 27, no. 5 (1987): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.3620270514.

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Plunkett, William, and Priscilla P. Saunders. "Metabolism and action of purine nucleoside analogs." Pharmacology & Therapeutics 49, no. 3 (1991): 239–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(91)90057-s.

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FRIDLAND, ARNOLD, MARK A. JOHNSON, DAVID A. COONEY, et al. "Metabolism in Human Leukocytes of Anti-HIV Dideoxypurine Nucleosides." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 616, no. 1 AIDS (1990): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb17841.x.

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Foth, H., H. C. Michaelis, N. Frijus-Plessen, and G. F. Kahl. "Hepatic and pulmonary metabolism of pyrimidine nucleosides in rats." European Journal of Pharmacology 183, no. 4 (1990): 1355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(90)94477-f.

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Kim, Y. A., M. T. King, W. E. Teague, G. A. Rufo, R. L. Veech, and J. V. Passonneau. "Regulation of the purine salvage pathway in rat liver." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 262, no. 3 (1992): E344—E352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1992.262.3.e344.

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The regulation of purine metabolism in rat liver has been examined under conditions that alter the flux through the pathway. Rats were given intraperitoneal injections of ethanol, sodium acetate, or sodium phosphate to attain body water concentrations of approximately 70, 20, and 10 mM, respectively. The livers were freeze-clamped after 30 min, and extracts were made for the analysis of metabolites, cofactors, purine bases, and nucleosides; homogenates were made for the measurement of the activities and kinetic parameters of seven enzymes that participate in purine salvage. The values of the e

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