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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nucleotide modification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Gao, Enoch N. (Enoch Nuo). "Post-translational lipid modification and nucleotide binding of Myelin 2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3'-Phosphodiesterase (CNP)." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23889.

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The myelin protein CNP $(2 sp prime,3 sp prime$-Cyclic Nucleotide 3$ sp prime$-Phosphodiesterase) is thio-palmitoylated. Since acylation plays an important role in the protein-membrane interaction, CNP palmitoylation was further investigated. Seven cysteine residues in CNP were individually converted into serines and the palmitoylation was analyzed in either COS-7 cells or an in vitro acylation reaction. No single Cys to Ser mutation could reduce substantially the level of palmitoylation, which may indicate that the turnover of palmitate on CNP is high and that there are multiple palmitoylatio

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2

Elmore, Calvin Lee. "MODIFICATION OF THE NUCLEOTIDE COFACTOR-BINDING SITE OF CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE TO ENHANCE TURNOVER WITH NADH IN VIVO." UKnowledge, 2003. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/467.

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NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase is the electron transfer partner for the cytochromes P450, heme oxygenase, and squalene monooxygenase, and is a component of the nitric oxide synthases and methionine synthase reductase. P450 reductase shows very high selectivity for NADPH and uses NADH only poorly. Substitution of tryptophan 677 with alanine (W677A) has been shown by others to yield a 3-fold increase in turnover with NADH, but profound inhibition by NADP+ makes the enzyme unsuitable for in vivo applications. In the present study site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids in the 2'-phosphate-bindi

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3

Grodsky, Neil B. "Probing cooperative interactions between nucleotide binding sites in the F₁-ATPases by site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9820885.

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4

Kshetri, Man B. "N-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF rRNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME RsmC IS IMPORTANT FOR ITS BINDING TO RNA AND RNA CHAPERON ACTIVITY." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1621007414429417.

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5

Durbin, Ann M. "Nucleotide Modifications of RNA Suppress RIG-I Antiviral Signaling by Unique Mechanisms." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493466.

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In order to counter pathogen infection while preventing autoimmune responses, the human innate immune system must be precisely regulated to distinguish “self” from “non-self”. Pattern recognition receptors detect “non-self” pathogen RNAs and initiate antiviral signaling. Accumulated evidence suggests that host “self” RNAs contain modified nucleotides that evade or suppress immune signaling; however, the precise mechanisms are not understood. Defining these mechanisms is relevant toward understanding the biology of immunity as well as the applied use of RNAs as therapeutic molecules, where redu

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6

Alexander, Katie. "The synthesis, detection and repair of nucleotides containing the 8-nitroguanine modification." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2006939/.

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There is accumulating evidence that reactive nitrogen species derived from nitric oxide metabolism are involved in cancer as they are able to damage DNA largely through oxidation or nitration of the guanine base. The 8-nitroguanine lesion is increasingly associated with cancers that result from chronic inflammation; however due to its instability, very little is known about this base modification. Consequently this thesis focuses upon establishing methods to detect and quantify the lesion and investigate enzymes potentially involved in repair systems directed against 8-nitroguanine in DNA. The

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7

Chitale, Shalaka [Verfasser]. "Nucleotide excision repair: interplay between nuclear compartmentalization, histone modifications and signaling / Shalaka Chitale." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137859040/34.

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8

Roy, Snigdha. "Cleavage and Ligation Studies in Hairpin and Hammerhead Ribozymes Using Site Specific Nucleotide Modifications." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/203.

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RNA catalysis is of fundamental importance in many biological functions, such as the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome and genetic control by riboswitches, among others. Small ribozymes are a convenient system to increase our understanding about the structure, folding and catalytic mechanism of ribozymes. This dissertation includes analysis of certain aspects of the catalytic mechanism in the hairpin and hammerhead ribozyme. In the hairpin ribozyme, we studied the functional consequences of molecular substitutions at two conserved positions, A9 and A10. These nucleotides are

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9

Hayward, Laura E. "Identification of Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Breast Cancer Based on Chromatin Modifications." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1312.

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Breast cancer affects 1 in 8 women and can be deadly; yet when detected early enough it is often treatable. Thus, early detection of breast cancer is imperative to save lives. The success of early detection depends, in part, on being able to stratify risk. A new approach to determining risk involves identifying genetic variants that alter an individual’s risk for developing breast cancer. This thesis identified key functional candidates involved in breast cancer development, some of which have been verified by other studies. For a few of the functional candidates, further research needs to be

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10

Krull, Matthias. "Synthesis of rare nucleobases and artificial nucleotides for investigation of catalytic enzyme activity." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-1287-E.

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11

Freund, Isabel [Verfasser], and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Bartenschlager. "Impact of nucleotide modifications on immune stimulatory effects of RNA / Isabel Freund ; Betreuer: Ralf Bartenschlager." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177044579/34.

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12

Decret, Laurent. "Synthèse de sondes biologiques marquées par des émetteurs [gamma]." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10047.

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La mise au point de sondes biologiques fondées sur l'utilisation des oligonucleotides antisens à visée scintigraphique est l'objectif de ce travail. Nous décrivons la synthèse et le radiomarquage d'oligonucleotides comportant 20 bases, susceptibles de s'hybrider avec une partie complémentaire de l'arn messager du gène mdr qui est à l'origine de la chimiorésistance, cible choisie à titre d'exemple. Ces oligonucleotides ont été modifiés en position 3' ou 5' par des bases modifiées pour les rendre d'une part plus résistants aux exonucleases et d'autre part pour les marquer à l'aide d'un émetteur.

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13

Schlaffner, Christoph Norbert. "Proteogenomics for personalised molecular profiling." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275137.

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Technological advancements in mass spectrometry allowing quantification of almost complete proteomes make proteomics a key platform for generating unique functional molecular data. Furthermore, the integrative analysis of genomic and proteomic data, termed proteogenomics, has emerged as a new field revealing insights into gene expression regulation, cell signalling, and disease processes. However, the lack of software tools for high-throughput integration and unbiased modification and variant detection hinder efforts for large-scale proteogenomics studies. The main objectives of this work are

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14

Heyer, Cortney. "Involvement of p53 in the S-phase Checkpoint during Nucleotide Deficiencies." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2439.

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Several classes of antimetabolites have been developed for the treatment of cancer, including numerous inhibitors of nucleotide biosynthesis. N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) and hydroxyurea (HU) are two antimetabolites that inhibit nucleotide biosynthesis; PALA inhibits de novo pyrimidine synthesis and HU inhibits the conversion of ribonucleotide diphosphates to deoxyribonucleotide diphosphates. Due to the similar mechanisms, it was thought that cancer cells would respond similarly to HU and PALA treatment. However, studies in this dissertation revealed strikingly different responses

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15

Shen, Ying. "Studies on the mechanisms of RNA-driven DNA repair and modification." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45969.

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Our previous studies have demonstrated that RNA can serve as a template for double-strand break (DSB) repair in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using synthetic RNA-containing oligonucleotides (oligos). Following this initial work, we show that the RNA tract of RNA-containing oligos can be copied into DNA to transfer a genetic change at the chromosomal level also in the bacterium Escherichia coli and in human cells. Exploiting the use of oligos containing ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs), we developed a molecular approach to generate RNA/DNA hybrids of chosen sequence and structure at t

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16

Huynh, Dung Minh. "Mapping pseudouridine sites in Homo sapiens 18S ribosomal RNA, and the 3 dimensional ribosome map of nucleotide modifications." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402266.

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17

Ludwig, A. K. [Verfasser], M. Cristina [Akademischer Betreuer] Cardoso, and Beatrix [Akademischer Betreuer] Süß. "The Guardians of the Epigenome - Regulation and Role of Nucleotide Modifications / A. K. Ludwig ; M. Cristina Cardoso, Beatrix Süß." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132775019/34.

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18

CHETOUANI, FARID. "Developpement d'un logiciel d'edition/analyse de la structure secondaire des arns - recherche informatique de motifs arns structures et d'enzymes de modifications de nucleotides." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30011.

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La biogenese des ribosomes se deroule dans un compartiment nucleaire dedie, le nucleole, ou l'arn preribosomique subit de nombreux decoupages et modifications de nucleotides impliquant l'intervention d'un grand nombre de petits arns (snoarns). Les sites des modifications de nucleotides les plus frequentes dans l'arnr (methylations en 2-o du ribose et pseudouridylations) sont specifies par l'appariement au pre-arnr de deux familles distinctes de snoarns, qui forment une structure en duplex reconnue par une enzyme specifique de chaque type de modification. Pour assister le biologiste dans l'anal

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19

Leitner, Kim Michaela [Verfasser]. "Site-specific and direct sensing of DNA and RNA modifications by a combination of DNA polymerases and modified nucleotides / Kim Michaela Leitner." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1225683920/34.

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20

Dabin, Juliette. "Altérations de la chromatine endommagée aux UVC dans les cellules humaines : une histoire d'histones." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/Dabin_juliette_complete_2018.pdf.

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Dans les noyaux cellulaires des organismes eucaryotes, l’organisation de l’ADN avec des protéines histones sous forme de chromatine est une source d’information dite épigénétique, qui dicte l’expression des gènes et l’identité cellulaire. Cependant, la chromatine est déstabilisée lors des activités de transcription, réplication et réparation de l’ADN. Ces évènements nucléaires sont donc susceptibles d’affecter l’information épigénétique. Pendant ma thèse, je me suis intéressée à la dynamique de la chromatine en réponse aux dommages à l’ADN générés par les UVC dans les cellules humaines. En par

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21

Dammer, Eric B. "Chromatin, SF-1, and CtBP structural and post-translational modifications induced by ACTH/cAMP accelerate CYP17 transcription rate." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26595.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Marion B. Sewer; Committee Member: Alfred H. Merrill, Jr.; Committee Member: Donald F. Doyle; Committee Member: Dr. Edward T. Morgan; Committee Member: Kirill S. Lobachev. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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22

Wei, Shuang. "Modifications du metabolisme des nucleotides en relation avec la differenciation et en reponse a une irradiation dans des cellules tumorales humaines (doctorat : structure et fontionnement des systemes biologiques integres)." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA114846.

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23

Sample, Paul J. "Characterization of two unique pathways for wyosine biosynthesis in Kinetoplastids." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397733440.

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24

Sournia, Pierre. "La méthylation flavine-dépendante d’acides nucléiques : aspects évolutifs, métaboliques, biochimiques et spectroscopiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX108/document.

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La méthylation de l’uridine sur son carbone 5 est apparue au cours de l’évolution sous plusieurs formes. Tout d’abord, les thymidylate synthases permettent la synthèse de novo du dTMP, un précurseur essentiel de l’ADN des trois règnes du vivant. Deux familles de thymidylate synthases sont connues à ce jour : ThyA et la flavo-enzyme ThyX, codées par des gènes hétérologues et ayant des structures et mécanismes réactionnels radicalement différents. En outre, cette méthylation de l’uridine est apparue (probablement plus tard) sous forme de modifications post-transcriptionnelles des ARNt et ARNr. C

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25

Ziesche, Sonia Madlen. "RNA guided nucleotide modification of ribosomal and non-ribosomal RNAs in archaea." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16153.

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Archaea use ribonucleoprotein (RNP) machines similar to those found in the eukaryotic nucleolus to methylate ribose residues in nascent ribosomal RNA. The archaeal complex required for this 2'-O-ribose-methylation consists of the C/D box sRNA guide and three proteins, the core RNA binding aL7a protein, the aNop56 protein and the methyltransferase fibrillarin protein. These RNP machines were reconstituted in vitro from purified recombinant components, and were shown to have methylation activity when provided with a simple target oligonucleotide, complementary to the sRNA guide sequence (

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26

Ni, Jingwei. "The major function of eukaryotic small nucleolar RNAs is nucleotide modification in ribosomal RNA." 1998. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9909197.

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Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) can be divided into two large families based on conserved sequence elements. These two classes are the box C/D snoRNAs and the box H/ACA snoRNAs. At the onset of this thesis study, a small number of snoRNAs were known to be required for processing (cleavage) of pre-ribosomal RNA; the function of majority of snoRNAs remained an enigma. The thesis research revealed two important and exciting discoveries: (1) the box C/D snoRNAs are mainly involved in guiding the formation of 2$\sp\prime$-O-methylation in rRNA, and; (2) most box HACA snoRNAs direct $\Psi$ modificati

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27

Esmaeili, Razieh. "Synthesis and Biochemical Studies of a Novel Thiol Modified Nucleotide." 2014. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_theses/65.

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Nucleic acids are important bio-macromolecules in living systems. They are involved in important functions like gene expression and regulation. Nucleoside triphosphates serve as precursors for biochemical synthesis of modified nucleic acids and nucleotide coenzymes. The modification of nucleic acids, particularly at nucleobases, can expand the function and chemical properties of nucleic acid. Herein, we report the chemical synthesis of a novel thiol-modified nucleoside S-(3-(acetylthio)propyl)-5-(mercaptomethyl)-uridine and the corresponding nucleotide via a “new synthetic methodology” develop

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28

Chou, Shih-Bin, and 周世斌. "Synthesis of Nucleotides with Modification of the 2'-Position." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67836287176405252994.

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碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>應用化學研究所<br>86<br>Oligonucleotides have been shown to inhibit translation and transcription by binding to either ssRNA (antisense strategy) or dsDNA (antigene strategy),respectively. As an effective drug or a probe, it is required that the highbinding affinity of an oligonucleotide to DNA and/or RNA. The effects of stereochemistry and electronegativity of the 2'-substituents and their role in sugar conformation at the oligomer level is of significan

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29

Ludwig, A. K. "The Guardians of the Epigenome - Regulation and Role of Nucleotide Modifications." Phd thesis, 2017. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/6244/1/PhD%20Thesis%20Anne%20Ludwig.pdf.

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While from a genetic perspective all cells of an organism are identical, they vary greatly in type and function. Major determinants of cellular diversity are epigenetic alterations, including post-synthetic modifications of nucleic acids. In DNA, the best-studied chemical modification is the methylation of cytosine at carbon C5. 5-methylcytosine (5mC) plays a central role in the regulation of gene expression and has been implicated in a variety of biological processes and diseases. While initially considered as a relatively stable epigenetic mark, a family of proteins named Ten eleven transloc

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