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Journal articles on the topic 'Nucleus accumbens – Effect of stress on – Research'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Welborn, B. Locke, Youngki Hong, and Kyle G. Ratner. "Exposure to negative stereotypes influences representations of monetary incentives in the nucleus accumbens." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 3 (2020): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa041.

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Abstract Contemporary society is saturated with negative representations of racial and ethnic minorities. Social science research finds that exposure to such negative stereotypes creates stress above and beyond pre-existing effects of income inequality and structural racism. Neuroscience studies in animals and humans show that life stress modulates brain responses to rewards. However, it is not known whether contending with negative representations of one’s social group spills overs to influence reward processing. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the effects of stigmati

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González-Pardo, Héctor, Jorge L. Arias, Eneritz Gómez-Lázaro, Isabel López Taboada, and Nélida M. Conejo. "Sex-Specific Effects of Early Life Stress on Brain Mitochondrial Function, Monoamine Levels and Neuroinflammation." Brain Sciences 10, no. 7 (2020): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070447.

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Sex differences have been reported in the susceptibility to early life stress and its neurobiological correlates in humans and experimental animals. However, most of the current research with animal models of early stress has been performed mainly in males. In the present study, prolonged maternal separation (MS) paradigm was applied as an animal model to resemble the effects of adverse early experiences in male and female rats. Regional brain mitochondrial function, monoaminergic activity, and neuroinflammation were evaluated as adults. Mitochondrial energy metabolism was greatly decreased in

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Miyanishi, Hajime, and Atsumi Nitta. "A Role of BDNF in the Depression Pathogenesis and a Potential Target as Antidepressant: The Modulator of Stress Sensitivity “Shati/Nat8l-BDNF System” in the Dorsal Striatum." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 9 (2021): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14090889.

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Depression is one of the most common mental diseases, with increasing numbers of patients globally each year. In addition, approximately 30% of patients with depression are resistant to any treatment and do not show an expected response to first-line antidepressant drugs. Therefore, novel antidepressant agents and strategies are required. Although depression is triggered by post-birth stress, while some individuals show the pathology of depression, others remain resilient. The molecular mechanisms underlying stress sensitivity remain unknown. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has both p

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McEwen, BS, J. Angulo, E. Gould, S. Mendelson, and Y. Watanabe. "Antidepressant modulation of isolation and restraint stress effects on brain chemistry and morphology." European Psychiatry 8, S2 (1993): 41s—48s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092493380000537x.

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SummaryStress elicits adaptive responses from the brain, but it can also lead to maladaptive consequences. For example, stress can precipitate mental illness, including depression. Prolonged stress also causes damage to neurons in the hippocampus. Antidepressant drugs must be evaluated, not only for their ability to potentiate adaptive responses, but also to inhibit maladaptive consequences of stress. Ongoing research in our laboratory has compared the atypical tricyclic antidepressant, tianeptine, with the typical tricyclics, desipramine and imipramine, with respect to the effects of isolatio

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Su, Tangfeng, and Lei Pei. "Acupuncture and oxytocinergic system: The promising treatment for autism." Translational Neuroscience 12, no. 1 (2021): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2021-0011.

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Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments activities without efficient pharmacological therapies in social interaction, speech and stereotypic patterns. Clinical studies have shown the efficacy of acupuncture as an alternative therapy for autism. The effectiveness of acupuncture as an alternative treatment for autism has been demonstrated through clinical trials. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie these effects remain unclear. Due to its profound pro-social, anxiolytic, stress management effects, a

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Campioni, Matthew R., Ming Xu, and Daniel S. McGehee. "Stress-Induced Changes in Nucleus Accumbens Glutamate Synaptic Plasticity." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 6 (2009): 3192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91111.2008.

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Stress hormones released in the CNS following exposure to unavoidable, aversive stimuli have been shown to alter the physiology of neurons in multiple brain regions including hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and ventral tegmental area. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a motor-limbic interface linked to motivation and reward, receives inputs from each of these stress-affected brain regions, raising the possibility that its function might also be altered in response to stress. To assess potential stress-induced plasticity in the NAc, we exposed adult mice to daily cold water forced swim for

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Osacka, Jana, Lubica Horvathova, Alena Cernackova та Alexander Kiss. "Clozapine impact on FosB/ΔFosB expression in stress preconditioned rats: response to a novel stressor". Endocrine Regulations 53, № 2 (2019): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/enr-2019-0010.

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AbstractObjective. Prolonged treatment with neuroleptics has been shown to induce FosB/ΔFosB expression in several brain regions including the medial prefrontal cortex, dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum, ventrolateral and dorsolateral septum, nucleus accumbens shell and core, and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Some of these regions are known to be also stress responsive. This study was designed to determine whether repeated clozapine (CLZ) administration for 7 consecutive days to Wistar rats may modify FosB/ΔFosB expression in the above-mentioned brain areas induced by acu

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Abercrombie, Elizabeth D., Kristen A. Keefe, Daniel S. DiFrischia, and Michael J. Zigmond. "Differential Effect of Stress on In Vivo Dopamine Release in Striatum, Nucleus Accumbens, and Medial Frontal Cortex." Journal of Neurochemistry 52, no. 5 (1989): 1655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb09224.x.

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Lee, Hye-Jung, Bombi Lee, Sun-Hye Choi, et al. "Electroacupuncture Reduces Stress-Induced Expression of c-Fos in the Brain of the Rat." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 32, no. 05 (2004): 795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x04002405.

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We have previously shown that electroacupuncture (EA) at Shaohai and Neiguan ( HT 3- PC 6) points significantly attenuated stress-induced peripheral responses, including increases in blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamines. In this study, we examined the central effect of EA on the expression of c-fos, one of the immediate-early genes in the brain of rats subjected to immobilization stress. Immobilization stress (180 minutes) preferentially produced a significant increase in Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in stress-relevant regions including the paraventricular hypothalamic nucle

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Pedersen, Mads L., Maria Ironside, Ken-ichi Amemori, et al. "Computational phenotyping of brain-behavior dynamics underlying approach-avoidance conflict in major depressive disorder." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 5 (2021): e1008955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008955.

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Adaptive behavior requires balancing approach and avoidance based on the rewarding and aversive consequences of actions. Imbalances in this evaluation are thought to characterize mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD). We present a novel application of the drift diffusion model (DDM) suited to quantify how offers of reward and aversiveness, and neural correlates thereof, are dynamically integrated to form decisions, and how such processes are altered in MDD. Hierarchical parameter estimation from the DDM demonstrated that the MDD group differed in three distinct reward-related

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Wright, Katherine N., Devin P. Hagarty, Caroline E. Strong, Kristin J. Schoepfer, and Mohamed Kabbaj. "Sex-Dependent Ketamine Addiction-Like Behavior Profile Following Exposure to Chronic Mild Stress." Chronic Stress 3 (January 2019): 247054701983261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470547019832613.

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Background Ketamine has rapid antidepressant effects and shows great promise as a novel treatment for depression, but its limitations including its abuse potential are poorly understood. Given that the prevalence of depression is twice as high in women as in men and that depression and substance use disorders are highly comorbid, we hypothesized that a sex-specific responsivity to behavioral assays that characterize addiction-like behavior may arise in rats with prior exposure to chronic stress and therapeutically relevant ketamine. Methods Male and female rats that underwent chronic mild stre

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Assari, Shervin. "Parental Education and Nucleus Accumbens Response to Reward Anticipation: Minorities’ Diminished Returns." Advances in Social Science and Culture 2, no. 4 (2020): p132. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/assc.v2n4p132.

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Background. Considerable research has documented the effects of race and Socioeconomic Status (SES) on reward-seeking behaviors; however, less is known about the multiplicative effects of race and family SES on brain response to reward anticipation. Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) suggest that family SES would show weaker effects on brain development of children in non-White families than in White families. Objective. To test race by SES variation in Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) response to reward anticipation (NAcc-RA) among American children. Methods. For this cross-sectional analysis, dat

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Charmchi, Elham, Morteza Zendehdel, and Abbas Haghparast. "The effect of forced swim stress on morphine sensitization: Involvement of D1/D2-like dopamine receptors within the nucleus accumbens." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 70 (October 2016): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.05.006.

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Zhang, Xiao-Yang, Shi-Yu Peng, Li-Ping Shen, et al. "Targeting presynaptic H3 heteroreceptor in nucleus accumbens to improve anxiety and obsessive-compulsive-like behaviors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 50 (2020): 32155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008456117.

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Anxiety commonly co‐occurs with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Both of them are closely related to stress. However, the shared neurobiological substrates and therapeutic targets remain unclear. Here we report an amelioration of both anxiety and OCD via the histamine presynaptic H3 heteroreceptor on glutamatergic afferent terminals from the prelimbic prefrontal cortex (PrL) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core, a vital node in the limbic loop. The NAc core receives direct hypothalamic histaminergic projections, and optogenetic activation of hypothalamic NAc core histaminergic afferents sel

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Nair, Sunila G., Amy R. Furay, Yusha Liu, and John F. Neumaier. "Differential effect of viral overexpression of nucleus accumbens shell 5-HT1B receptors on stress- and cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 112 (November 2013): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2013.09.009.

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Nakahara, Daiichiro, and Masato Nakamura. "Differential effect of immobilization stress on in vivo synthesis rate of monoamines in medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of conscious rats." Synapse 32, no. 3 (1999): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(19990601)32:3<238::aid-syn9>3.0.co;2-x.

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Farzinpour, Zahra, Zahra Taslimi, Ronak Azizbeigi, Saeideh Karimi-Haghighi, and Abbas Haghparast. "Involvement of orexinergic receptors in the nucleus accumbens, in the effect of forced swim stress on the reinstatement of morphine seeking behaviors." Behavioural Brain Research 356 (January 2019): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.021.

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Kõiv, Kadri, Kai Tiitsaar, Karita Laugus, and Jaanus Harro. "Extracellular Dopamine Levels in Nucleus Accumbens after Chronic Stress in Rats with Persistently High vs. Low 50-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalization Response." Brain Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040470.

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Fifty-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in response to an imitation of rough-and-tumble play (‘tickling’) have been associated with positive affective states and rewarding experience in the rat. This USV response can be used as a measure of inter-individual differences in positive affect. We have previously shown that rats with persistently low positive affectivity are more vulnerable to the effects of chronic variable stress (CVS). To examine whether these differential responses are associated with dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), juvenile male Wistar rats were

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Wattanathorn, Jintanaporn, Thawatchai Prabsattroo, Pichet Somsapt, Opass Sritragool, Wipawee Thukham-mee, and Supaporn Muchimapura. "Sexual Enhancing Effect of Anacardium occidentale in Stress-Exposed Rats by Improving Dopaminergic and Testicular Functions." BioMed Research International 2018 (October 25, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6452965.

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In this study, we aimed to assess the effect and possible underlying mechanism of Anacardium occidentale leaves extract on male sexual behaviors in stress-exposed rats. Male Wistar rats were orally given A. occidentale extract at doses of 25, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW before 12-hour-immobilization exposure for 14 days. Sexual behaviors, serum testosterone and corticosterone levels, TH-positive cells density in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), MAO-B activity in NAc and medial preoptic area (MPOA), testis histology together with phosphodiesterase type-5 ( PDE-5) activity, an

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Amaral, Inês M., Cristina Lemos, Isabella Cera, Georg Dechant, Alex Hofer, and Rana El Rawas. "Involvement of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase in the Nucleus Accumbens in Cocaine Versus Social Interaction Reward." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (2020): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010345.

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Evidence suggests that PKA activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an essential role in reward-related learning. In this study, we investigated whether PKA is differentially involved in the expression of learning produced by either natural reinforcers or psychostimulants. For that purpose, we inhibited PKA through a bilateral infusion of Rp-cAMPS, a specific PKA inhibitor, directly into the NAc. The effects of PKA inhibition in the NAc on the expression of concurrent conditioned place preference (CPP) for cocaine (drug) and social interaction (natural reward) in rats were evaluated. We f

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Kõiv, Kadri, Marten Vares, Cristina Kroon, et al. "Effect of chronic variable stress on sensitization to amphetamine in high and low sucrose-consuming rats." Journal of Psychopharmacology 33, no. 12 (2019): 1512–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881119856000.

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Background:Individual vulnerability to stress manifests in the interaction of innate properties and environment. There is a growing interest in the individual variability in vulnerability to stress and how it contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders. Intake of palatable substances is often measured in animal models. We have previously demonstrated that the consumption of sucrose solution is a stable trait in rats.Aims:The present study aimed to compare the sensitivity of rats with high vs low liquid sucrose consumption to chronic variable stress and the stress effect on behaviou

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Welborn, B. Locke, Benjamin C. Gunter, I. Stephanie Vezich, and Matthew D. Lieberman. "Neural Correlates of the False Consensus Effect: Evidence for Motivated Projection and Regulatory Restraint." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, no. 4 (2017): 708–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01084.

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The false consensus effect (FCE), the tendency to project our attitudes and opinions on to others, is a pervasive bias in social reasoning with a range of ramifications for individuals and society. Research in social psychology has suggested that numerous factors (anchoring and adjustment, accessibility, motivated projection, etc.) may contribute to the FCE. In this study, we examine the neural correlates of the FCE and provide evidence that motivated projection plays a significant role. Activity in reward regions (ventromedial pFC and bilateral nucleus accumbens) during consensus estimation w

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Lefter, Radu, Alin Ciobica, Lucian Hritcu, Bogdan Stoica, Dumitru Cojocaru, and Zenovia Olteanu. "The effects of a 6-OHDA induced lesion in murine nuccleus accumbens on memory and oxidative stress status." Open Medicine 8, no. 4 (2013): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-013-0165-6.

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AbstractNucleus accumbens (NAcc) are a collection of neurons that form the main part of the ventral striatum, which is a significant dopaminergic structure. Also, NAcc is thought to play an important role in reward, pleasure, laughter, addiction, aggression, fear, and the placebo effect. In the present work we were interested in studying the effects of a 6-OHDA induced lesion in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), which is known as an important dopaminergic structure, on a specific behavioral task that involves both short term and long term spatial memory (the radial-8-arm-maze task), as well as on

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Romano, Adele, Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura, Cristina Anna Gallelli, et al. "Oleoylethanolamide decreases frustration stress-induced binge-like eating in female rats: a novel potential treatment for binge eating disorder." Neuropsychopharmacology 45, no. 11 (2020): 1931–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-0686-z.

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Abstract Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most frequent eating disorder, for which current pharmacotherapies show poor response rates and safety concerns, thus highlighting the need for novel treatment options. The lipid-derived messenger oleoylethanolamide (OEA) acts as a satiety signal inhibiting food intake through the involvement of central noradrenergic and oxytocinergic neurons. We investigated the anti-binge effects of OEA in a rat model of binge-like eating, in which, after cycles of intermittent food restrictions/refeeding and palatable food consumptions, female rats show a binge-li

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Assari, Shervin. "Stronger Association between Nucleus Accumbens Density and Body Mass Index in Low-Income and African American Children." Research in Health Science 5, no. 2 (2020): p107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v5n2p107.

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Background: The nucleus accumbens’ (NAc) size, function, and density influence individuals’ body mass index (BMI). However, little is known about racial and socioeconomic status (SES) differences in the role of NAc density as a predictor of childhood BMI. Objectives: We used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) data to investigate racial and SES differences in the effect of NAc density on childhood BMI. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 9497 children between ages 9 and 10. Mixed-effects regression models were used to analyze the data. The predictor variable was NAc dens

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Maximino-Rojas, M. A., M. E. Bringas, E. Carrillo, C. Jarquín, and G. Flores. "Effect of Cerebrolysin on the stress response and Cytoarchitecture of medium spiny neurons of the Nucleus accumbens in Rats prenatally exposed to Valproic Acid." Clinical Therapeutics 37, no. 8 (2015): e84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.05.244.

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Koo, Young Soo, Hyunha Kim, Jung Hwa Park, et al. "Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Dependent Neurotoxic Kynurenine Metabolism Contributes to Poststroke Depression Induced in Mice by Ischemic Stroke along with Spatial Restraint Stress." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (December 30, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2413841.

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Aim. Poststroke depression (PSD), which occurs in approximately one-third of stroke survivors, is clinically important because of its association with slow functional recovery and increased mortality. In addition, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Methods. We used a mouse model of PSD to examine the neurobiological mechanisms of PSD and the beneficial effects of aripiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic drug. PSD was induced in mice by combining middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with spatial restraint stress. The body weight, sucrose preference, and

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Li, Sha, Lidao Bao, Lengge Si, Xiaohui Wang, and Agula Bo. "Research on Roles of Mongolian Medical Warm Acupuncture in Inhibiting p38 MAPK Activation and Apoptosis of Nucleus Pulposus Cells." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (August 9, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6571320.

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Background. Mongolian medical warm acupuncture has a desirable therapeutic effect on sciatica. Apoptosis of the nucleus pulposus cells is considered to play an important role in sciatica. Evidence has demonstrated that oxidative stress and its induced activation of the signaling pathways play important roles in sciatica. However, further research is expected to reveal whether Mongolian medical warm acupuncture can inhibit the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells and oxidative stress. Objective. To study the effect of the p38 MAPK pathway activated by the generated ROS on apoptosis and the expre

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Garabadu, Debapriya, and Sairam Krishnamurthy. "Diazepam Potentiates the Antidiabetic, Antistress and Anxiolytic Activities of Metformin in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus with Cooccurring Stress in Experimental Animals." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/693074.

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Psychological stress is considered as one of the limiting factors in the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, the basic objective of the present study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of metformin, diazepam, and their combination in cooccurring T2DM and stress condition (DMS). T2DM was induced in the male rats by administering streptozotocin (45 mg/kg,i.p.) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg,i.p.) with time lag of 15 min. Rats were subjected to two sessions of cold restraint stress paradigm for one hour on the sixth and seventh day after streptozotocin injection. Administr

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Lebedev, Andrei Andreevich, Eugeny Grigorievich Shumilov, Eugeny Rudolfovich Bychkov, Vitaly Ivanovich Morozov, and Petr Dmitriyevich Shabanov. "Orexin A role in mechanisms of reinforcement in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 13, no. 2 (2015): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf13220-26.

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The orexin family of hypothalamic neuropeptides has been implicated in reinforcement mechanisms relevant to both food and drug reward. Previous behavioral studies with antagonists at the orexin A-selective receptor OX(1), have demonstrated its involvement in behavioral sensitization, conditioned place-preference, self-administration and reinstatement of drugs abuse. There are dense concentrations of hypocretin receptors, in brain regions implicated in drug reinforcement processes, such as the nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis Adult male Wistar ra

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Thornton, Claire, Etty Grad, and Rami Yaka. "The role of mitochondria in cocaine addiction." Biochemical Journal 478, no. 4 (2021): 749–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20200615.

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The incidence of cocaine abuse is increasing especially in the U.K. where the rates are among the highest in Europe. In addition to its role as a psychostimulant, cocaine has profound effect on brain metabolism, impacting glycolysis and impairing oxidative phosphorylation. Cocaine exposure alters metabolic gene expression and protein networks in brain regions including the prefrontal cortex, the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens, the principal nuclei of the brain reward system. Here, we focus on how cocaine impacts mitochondrial function, in particular through alterations in ele

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Jahng, J. W., J. Y. Kim, and J. H. Lee. "Palatable Food Access During Adolescence Increased BDNF Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens and Anxiety-/Depression-Like Behaviors in Males, But Not in Females." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.138.

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ObjectivesThis study was conducted to examine sexual dimorphic effects of highly palatable food access during adolescence and youth on psychoemotional behaviors of rats and its underlying neural mechanism.MethodsMale and female Sprague Dawley pups had free access to chocolate cookie rich in fat (highly palatable food) from postnatal day 28 in addition to ad libitum chow, and the control groups received chow only. The food conditions were continued though out the entire experimental period, and the neurochemical and behavioral measurements were performed during young adulthood. Corticosterone l

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Assari, Shervin, Shanika Boyce, and Mohsen Bazargan. "Nucleus Accumbens Functional Connectivity with the Frontoparietal Network Predicts Subsequent Change in Body Mass Index for American Children." Brain Sciences 10, no. 10 (2020): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100703.

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Background: Nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a brain structure with a well-established role in the brain reward processing system. Altered function of the NAc is shown to have a role in the development of food addiction and obesity. However, less is known about sex differences in the role of NAc function as a predictor of children’s change in body mass index (BMI) over time. Aim: We used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development data (version 2.01) to investigate sex differences in the predictive role of the NAc functional connectivity with the frontoparietal network on children’s BMI change over a

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Song, Nan, Jun Du, Yan Gao, and Shenglian Yang. "Epitranscriptome of the ventral tegmental area in a deep brain-stimulated chronic unpredictable mild stress mouse model." Translational Neuroscience 11, no. 1 (2020): 402–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2020-0146.

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AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) applied to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) alleviates the depressive symptoms of major depressive disorders. We investigated the mechanism of this effect by assessing gene expression and RNA methylation changes in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) following NAc-DBS in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model of depression. Gene expression and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels in the VTA were measured in mice subjected to CUMS and then DBS, and transcriptome-wide m6A changes were profiled using immunoprecipitated methylated RNAs with microarrays, prio

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Janiri, D., P. De Rossi, A. Simonetti, G. Spalletta, and G. Sani. "The Different Effect of Childhood Trauma on Amygdala and Hippocampus in Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.288.

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IntroductionChildhood trauma (CT) is a relevant environmental stressor for bipolar disorder (BP). Amygdala and hippocampus are key areas involved both in the pathophysiology of BP and in mediating the biological response to stress.ObjectivesStructural neuroimaging studies help clarifying neural correlates of the relationship between BP diagnosis and CT.AimsTo verify the impact of CT on amygdala and hippocampus and hippocampal subfields volumes in BP patients and healthy control (HC).MethodsWe assessed 105 outpatients, diagnosed with BPI or BPII according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, and 113 HC subje

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Dudek, Katarzyna A., Laurence Dion-Albert, Manon Lebel, et al. "Molecular adaptations of the blood–brain barrier promote stress resilience vs. depression." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 6 (2020): 3326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914655117.

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Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that inflammation and vascular dysfunction contribute to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Chronic social stress alters blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity through loss of tight junction protein claudin-5 (cldn5) in male mice, promoting passage of circulating proinflammatory cytokines and depression-like behaviors. This effect is prominent within the nucleus accumbens, a brain region associated with mood regulation; however, the mechanisms involved are unclear. Moreover, compensatory responses leading to proper behavioral strategies a

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Razavi, Yasaman, Sara Karimi, Saeideh Karimi-Haghighi, Soghra Hesam, and Abbas Haghparast. "Changes in c-fos and p-CREB signaling following exposure to forced swim stress or exogenous corticosterone during morphine-induced place preference are dependent on glucocorticoid receptor in the basolateral amygdala." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 98, no. 11 (2020): 741–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2019-0712.

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Neural circuitry comprising the nucleus accumbens (NAc), prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala (AMY), and hippocampus (HIP) are the main components of the reward circuit. Our previous behavioral data showed that forced swim stress (FSS) and corticosterone administration could inhibit the acquisition of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), and this effect was blocked by intra-basolateral amygdala (BLA) administration of RU38486, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist. Therefore, we tried to evaluate the effect of intra-BLA administration of the GR antagonist during the conditioning

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Ordoñes Sanchez, Evelyn, Charlotte C. Bavley, Andre U. Deutschmann, et al. "Early life adversity promotes resilience to opioid addiction-related phenotypes in male rats and sex-specific transcriptional changes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 8 (2021): e2020173118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020173118.

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Experiencing some early life adversity can have an “inoculating” effect that promotes resilience in adulthood. However, the mechanisms underlying stress inoculation are unknown, and animal models are lacking. Here we used the limited bedding and nesting (LBN) model of adversity to evaluate stress inoculation of addiction-related phenotypes. In LBN, pups from postnatal days 2 to 9 and their dams were exposed to a low-resource environment. In adulthood, they were tested for addiction-like phenotypes and compared to rats raised in standard housing conditions. High levels of impulsivity are associ

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Ye, Minsook, Daehyuk Jang, Jin Su Kim, Kyungsoo Kim, and Insop Shim. "Effects of Camellia Sinensis Extract on Repeated Restraint Stress-Induced Ovariectomized Female Rats." BioMed Research International 2019 (July 24, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1926352.

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The mortality of individuals suffering from depression has been increasing, noticeably of postmenopausal women; consequently, their care and treatment are significant to retain a high quality of life. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Camellia sinensis (CS) on repeated stress-induced changes of the depression related function on the tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST) in ovariectomized female rats. After behavioral test, we evaluated the changes in the neurotransmitter by measuring the level of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NaC) and the serum levels of

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Liu, Yan Guo, Jin Ma, and Xian Ming Sun. "Effect of Strip Defect on Cleavage Fracture Toughness of Steel 16MnR." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3089.

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A research on the effect of strip defect in the notched specimen of low alloy hot rolled steel 16MnR at -196°C is carried out in this paper. 4-point positive and negative bending experiments of notched specimen with different preloads are carried out to introduce strip defects of different dimensions in the front of notch. And then the residual stress and work hardening is eliminated through high temperature tempering. Bending fracture experiment is carried out at -196°C. Through microscopic observation and the measurement and analysis of mechanical parameters, it is discovered that: when the

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Rupprechter, Samuel, Liana Romaniuk, Peggy Series, et al. "Blunted medial prefrontal cortico-limbic reward-related effective connectivity and depression." Brain 143, no. 6 (2020): 1946–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa106.

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Abstract Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability and significant mortality, yet mechanistic understanding remains limited. Over the past decade evidence has accumulated from case-control studies that depressive illness is associated with blunted reward activation in the basal ganglia and other regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex. However it is unclear whether this finding can be replicated in a large number of subjects. The functional anatomy of the medial prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia has been extensively studied and the former has excitatory glutamatergic pr

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Yu, Yinghao, Alan Bohan He, Michelle Liou, et al. "The Paradoxical Effect Hypothesis of Abused Drugs in a Rat Model of Chronic Morphine Administration." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 15 (2021): 3197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153197.

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A growing body of studies has recently shown that abused drugs could simultaneously induce the paradoxical effect in reward and aversion to influence drug addiction. However, whether morphine induces reward and aversion, and which neural substrates are involved in morphine’s reward and aversion remains unclear. The present study first examined which doses of morphine can simultaneously produce reward in conditioned place preference (CPP) and aversion in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in rats. Furthermore, the aversive dose of morphine was determined. Moreover, using the aversive dose of 10 m

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Chen, Sheng, Sheng Liu, Lei Zhao, Hui Lin, Kaige Ma, and Zengwu Shao. "Heme Oxygenase-1-Mediated Autophagy Protects against Oxidative Damage in Rat Nucleus Pulposus-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (February 27, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9349762.

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Although endogenous nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cell- (NPMSC-) based regenerative medicine has provided promising repair strategy for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, the hostile microenvironments in IVD, including oxidative stress, can negatively affect the survival and function of the NPMSCs and severely hinder the endogenous repair process. Therefore, it is of great importance to reveal the mechanisms of the endogenous repair failure caused by the adverse microenvironments in IVD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on the rat NPMSCs

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Zhou, Yan, Jacob Bendor, Lauren Hofmann, Matthew Randesi, Ann Ho, and Mary Jeanne Kreek. "Mu opioid receptor and orexin/hypocretin mRNA levels in the lateral hypothalamus and striatum are enhanced by morphine withdrawal." Journal of Endocrinology 191, no. 1 (2006): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06960.

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In this study, we investigated the effects of acute morphine administration, chronic intermittent escalating-dose morphine administration and spontaneous withdrawal from chronic morphine on mRNA levels of mu opioid receptor (MOP-r), and the opioid peptides pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and preprodynorphin (ppDyn) in several key brain regions of the rat, associated with drug reward and motivated behaviors: lateral hypothalamus (lat.hyp), nucleus accumbens (NAc) core, amygdala, and caudate–putamen (CPu). There was no effect on MOP-r mRNA levels in these brain regions 30 min after either a single i

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Kato, Yoshiro, Yoshikazu Naiki, Takayuki Komatsu, Kazuko Takahashi, Jiro Nakamura, and Naoki Koide. "A Wnt Pathway Activator Induces Apoptosis and Cell Death in Mouse Monocytic Leukemia Cells." Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics 25, no. 4 (2017): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096504016x14721731148893.

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A Wnt agonist, 2-amino-4-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)benzylamino]-6-(3-methoxyphenyl) pyrimidine, is a cell-permeable pyrimidine compound that has been shown to mimic the effect of Wnt. In this study, leukemic mouse cell lines, RAW 264.7 and J774.1, were incubated with the Wnt agonist. The Wnt agonist showed cell death in the concentration of 1‐10 μM. The Wnt agonist did not show inhibition of GSK-3β activity but induced β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus. The Wnt agonist showed caspase-independent cell death, but no further involvement in cell death ER stress signaling. Here we discuss the possib

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Tashjian, Sarah M., and Adriana Galván. "Longitudinal Trajectories of Post-Election Distress Track Changes in Neural and Psychological Functioning." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 6 (2020): 1198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01540.

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The shift in political climate after the 2016 U.S. presidential election had a distressing effect on many individuals. To date, no research has identified how changes in societal-level distressing experiences affected ongoing neurobiological and psychological functioning. Fifty-five participants ( Mage = 21.746, 37 women) were tested at two time points. fMRI and psychological measures were used to test the hypotheses that increases in distress over 1 year would relate to worsening mental health symptomology and blunted neurobiological response to reward during the same period. Because individu

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Knudsen, Lone, Gitte Laue Petersen, Kathrine Næsted Nørskov, et al. "Review of neuroimaging studies related to pain modulation." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 2, no. 3 (2011): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2011.05.005.

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AbstractBackground and purpose: A noxious stimulus does not necessarily cause pain. Nociceptive signals arising from a noxious stimulus are subject to modulation via endogenous inhibitory and facilitatory mechanisms as they travel from the periphery to the dorsal horn or brainstem and on to higher brain sites. Research on the neural structures underlying endogenous pain modulation has largely been restricted to animal research due to the invasiveness of such studies (e.g., spinal cord transection, brain lesioning, brain site stimulation). Neuroimaging techniques (e.g., magnetoencephalography (

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Nook, Erik C., and Jamil Zaki. "Social Norms Shift Behavioral and Neural Responses to Foods." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 7 (2015): 1412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00795.

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Obesity contributes to 2.8 million deaths annually, making interventions to promote healthy eating critical. Although preliminary research suggests that social norms influence eating behavior, the underlying psychological and neural mechanisms of such conformity remain unexplored. We used fMRI to investigate whether group norms shift individuals' preferences for foods at both behavioral and neural levels. Hungry participants rated how much they wanted to eat a series of healthy and unhealthy foods and, after each trial, saw ratings that ostensibly represented their peers' preferences. This fee

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Chen, Sheng, Xiangyu Deng, Kaige Ma, et al. "Icariin Improves the Viability and Function of Cryopreserved Human Nucleus Pulposus-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (June 27, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3459612.

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Nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs) have shown a good prospect in the regeneration of intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues. However, fresh NPMSCs are not always readily available for basic research and clinical applications. Therefore, there is a need for an effective long-term cryopreservation method for NPMSCs. The aim of this study was to determine whether adding icariin (ICA) to the conventional cryoprotectant containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) had a better cryoprotective effect for NPMSCs. The results showed that the freezing solution containing ICA along with DMSO sig

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Borrow, Amanda P., Natalie J. Bales, Sally A. Stover, and Robert J. Handa. "Chronic Variable Stress Induces Sex-Specific Alterations in Social Behavior and Neuropeptide Expression in the Mouse." Endocrinology 159, no. 7 (2018): 2803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2018-00217.

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Abstract Chronic exposure to stressors impairs the function of multiple organ systems and has been implicated in increased disease risk. In the rodent, the chronic variable stress (CVS) paradigm has successfully modeled several stress-related illnesses. Despite striking disparities between men and women in the prevalence and etiology of disorders associated with chronic stress, most preclinical research examining chronic stressor exposure has focused on male subjects. One potential mediator of the consequences of CVS is oxytocin (OT), a known regulator of stress neurocircuitry and behavior. To

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