Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nucleus ruber

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Nucleus ruber'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Nucleus ruber"

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Nakayama, Tomoya, Satoshi Miyajima, Hirotaka Nishino, Junya Narita, Hideki Abe, and Naoyuki Yamamoto. "Nucleus Ruber of Actinopterygians." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 88, no. 1 (2016): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447442.

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Nucleus ruber is known as an important supraspinal center that controls forelimb movements in tetrapods, and the rubral homologue may serve similar functions in fishes (motor control of pectoral fin). However, two apparently different structures have been identified as ‘nucleus ruber' in actinopterygians. One is nucleus ruber of Goldstein (1905) (NRg), and the other nucleus ruber of Nieuwenhuys and Pouwels (1983) (NRnp). It remains unclear whether one of these nuclei (or perhaps both) is homologous to tetrapod nucleus ruber. To resolve this issue from a phylogenetic point of view, we have investigated the distribution of tegmental neurons retrogradely labeled from the spinal cord in eight actinopterygian species. We also investigated the presence/absence of the two nuclei with Nissl- or Bodian-stained brain section series of an additional 28 actinopterygian species by comparing the morphological features of candidate rubral neurons with those of neurons revealed by the tracer studies. Based on these analyses, the NRg was identified in all actinopterygians investigated in the present study, while the NRnp appears to be absent in basal actinopterygians. The phylogenetic distribution pattern indicates that the NRg is the more likely homologue of nucleus ruber, and the NRnp may be a derived nucleus that emerged during the course of actinopterygian evolution.
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Gorges, M., J. Kassubek, and H. Graf. "Hypertrophe Degeneration des Nucleus olivaris." Nervenheilkunde 32, no. 08 (August 2013): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1628538.

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ZusammenfassungDie hypertrophe Degeneration der Oliven (HOD) ist eine seltene Form der Neuroplastizität, die als Folge von Läsionen des anatomisch-funktionellen Regelkreises des Guillan-Mollaret-Dreiecks, bestehend aus dem Nucleus ruber, dem ipsilateralen Nucleus olivaris inferior (ION) und dem kontralateralen Nucleus dentatus, auftritt. Dieser Artikel zeigt eine Übersicht der Literatur der HOD unter Berücksichtigung ätiologischer, pathophysiologischer und klinischer Aspekte. Darüber hinaus berichten wir von einem Patienten mit HOD, der mittels Videookulografie untersucht wurde.
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Matsui, Hideaki. "Dopamine system, cerebellum, and nucleus ruber in fish and mammals." Development, Growth & Differentiation 59, no. 4 (May 2017): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dgd.12357.

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Baldanta, Sara, Juana María Navarro Llorens, and Govinda Guevara. "Further Studies on the 3-Ketosteroid 9α-Hydroxylase of Rhodococcus ruber Chol-4, a Rieske Oxygenase of the Steroid Degradation Pathway." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (May 29, 2021): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061171.

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The biochemistry and genetics of the bacterial steroid catabolism have been extensively studied during the last years and their findings have been essential to the development of biotechnological applications. For instance, metabolic engineering of the steroid-eater strains has allowed to obtain intermediaries of industrial value. However, there are still some drawbacks that must be overcome, such as the redundancy of the steroid catabolism genes in the genome and a better knowledge of its genetic regulation. KshABs and KstDs are key enzymes involved in the aerobic breakage of the steroid nucleus. Rhodococcus ruber Chol-4 contains three kshAs genes, a single kshB gene and three kstDs genes within its genome. In the present work, the growth of R. ruber ΔkshA strains was evaluated on different steroids substrates; the promoter regions of these genes were analyzed; and their expression was followed by qRT-PCR in both wild type and ksh mutants. Additionally, the transcription level of the kstDs genes was studied in the ksh mutants. The results show that KshA2B and KshA1B are involved in AD metabolism, while KshA3B and KshA1B contribute to the cholesterol metabolism in R. ruber. In the kshA single mutants, expression of the remaining kshA and kstD genes is re-organized to survive on the steroid substrate. These data give insight into the fine regulation of steroid genes when several isoforms are present.
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Nakayama, Tomoya, Hirotaka Nishino, Junya Narita, Hideki Abe, and Naoyuki Yamamoto. "Indirect pathway to pectoral fin motor neurons from nucleus ruber in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus." Journal of Comparative Neurology 527, no. 5 (December 13, 2018): 957–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.24578.

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Naujoks-Manteuffel, Christiane, Gerhard Manteuffel, and Werner Himstedt. "On the presence of nucleus ruber in the urodele Salamandra salamandra and the caecilian Ichthyophis kohtaoensis." Behavioural Brain Research 28, no. 1-2 (April 1988): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(88)90074-5.

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Skofitseh, Gerhard, Wolfgang Gubisch, Sunil J. Wimalawansa, and David M. Jacobowitz. "Comparative immunohistochemical distribution of amylin-like and calcitonin gene related peptide like immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 945–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-131.

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Using the indirect immunofluorescence method with a polyclonal antiserum raised in rabbits and directed against amylin (AMY), we have investigated the distribution of AMY-like immunoreactivity (-ir) throughout the central nervous system of the rat. The widespread distribution of AMY-ir was much more abundant than that previously reported for calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity. In most brain areas there was no overlap between AMY- and CGRP-ir cell body groupings, with the exception of the motor nuclei of the hindbrain and spinal cord, which were found to contain large numbers of AMY- and CGRP-immunoreactive cell bodies. Areas with a moderate to dense appearance of AMY-ir were the rhinencephalon, the nucleus of the diagonal band, the magnocellular, dorso- and ventro-medial and mammillary nuclei of the hypothalamus, the habenula, the compact part of the substantia nigra, the ruber and pontine nuclei, and the inferior olive and the cerebellar nuclei. The widespread immunohistochemical distribution of AMY-ir in the rat brain is in partial agreement with the distribution of AMY-binding sites.Key words: calcitonin gene related peptide, amylin, central nervous system, immunohistochemistry, rat.
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Costa, Stefania, Federico Zappaterra, Daniela Summa, Bruno Semeraro, and Giancarlo Fantin. "Δ1-Dehydrogenation and C20 Reduction of Cortisone and Hydrocortisone Catalyzed by Rhodococcus Strains." Molecules 25, no. 9 (May 7, 2020): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092192.

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Prednisone and prednisolone are steroids widely used as anti-inflammatory drugs. Development of the pharmaceutical industry is currently aimed at introducing biotechnological processes and replacing multiple-stage chemical syntheses. In this work we evaluated the ability of bacteria belonging to the Rhodococcus genus to biotransform substrates, such as cortisone and hydrocortisone, to obtain prednisone and prednisolone, respectively. These products are of great interest from a pharmaceutical point of view as they have higher anti-inflammatory activity than the starting substrates. After an initial lab-scale screening of 13 Rhodococcus strains, to select the highest producers of prednisone and prednisolone, we reported the 200 ml-batch scale-up to test the process efficiency and productivity of the most promising Rhodococcus strains. R. ruber, R. globerulus and R. coprophilus gave the Δ1-dehydrogenation products of cortisone and hydrocortisone (prednisone and prednisolone) in variable amounts. In these biotransformations, the formation of products with the reduced carbonyl group in position C20 of the lateral chain of the steroid nucleus was also observed (i.e., 20β-hydroxy-prednisone and 20β-hydroxy-prednisolone). The yields, the absence of collateral products, and in some cases the absence of starting products allow us to say that cortisone and hydrocortisone are partly degraded.
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Stephenson, R., D. R. Jones, and R. M. Bryan. "Regional cerebral blood flow during submergence asphyxia in Pekin duck." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 266, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): R1162—R1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.4.r1162.

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The cerebrovascular response to submergence asphyxia was studied in the Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos var.) by use of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) tracer [14C]isopropyliodoamphetamine and quantitative autoradiography. Blood flow of the whole brain was 158 +/- 14 (SE) ml.min-1 x 100 g-1 (n = 7) in control animals. There was a doubling of flow to 320 +/- 61 ml.min-1 x 100 g-1 (n = 6) during submergence asphyxia. The hypothesis that CBF is redistributed within the brain during asphyxia was not supported. There were no regional reductions in CBF during submergence asphyxia. Mean arterial blood pressure was similar (approximately 140 mmHg), but heart rate, arterial blood gas tensions, and arterial pH were significantly different in control and submerged ducks at the time CBF was measured. The differences in CBF among submerged animals correlated strongly with arterial PCO2 and mean arterial blood pressure. The smallest proportional difference in regional CBF between control and submerged ducks occurred in the ectostriatum (+141%) and the largest in the locus ceruleus (+241%). The largest absolute difference in regional CBF was in the nucleus ruber (+322 ml.min-1 x 100 g-1). These are the first measurements of blood flow in discrete nuclei and regions of the avian brain.
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Lomakin, A. J., C. J. Cattin, D. Cuvelier, Z. Alraies, M. Molina, G. P. F. Nader, N. Srivastava, et al. "The nucleus acts as a ruler tailoring cell responses to spatial constraints." Science 370, no. 6514 (October 15, 2020): eaba2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba2894.

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The microscopic environment inside a metazoan organism is highly crowded. Whether individual cells can tailor their behavior to the limited space remains unclear. In this study, we found that cells measure the degree of spatial confinement by using their largest and stiffest organelle, the nucleus. Cell confinement below a resting nucleus size deforms the nucleus, which expands and stretches its envelope. This activates signaling to the actomyosin cortex via nuclear envelope stretch-sensitive proteins, up-regulating cell contractility. We established that the tailored contractile response constitutes a nuclear ruler–based signaling pathway involved in migratory cell behaviors. Cells rely on the nuclear ruler to modulate the motive force that enables their passage through restrictive pores in complex three-dimensional environments, a process relevant to cancer cell invasion, immune responses, and embryonic development.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nucleus ruber"

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Krzma, Adnan. "Comparative laboratory performance characterisation of silicone rubber textured insulators." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/91934/.

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Silicone rubber (SiR) outdoor insulators are increasingly being deployed in new AC and DC high voltage transmission systems thanks to their superior performance in wet-polluted conditions compared to traditional porcelain and glass insulators. However, in severely polluted environments, sustained discharge activities and dry band arcing due to surface contamination cause tracking, erosion, and the loss of hydrophobicity on the SiR insulator surface. This degradation can accelerate damage to the insulator surfaces, increasing the probability of a flashover and enduring insulator failure. This thesis presents an experimental study on the electric performance of polluted and aged outdoor SiR polymeric insulators using AC and DC voltages. The research involved an extensive review of the published literature and an investigation of the performance of SiR insulators subjected to different ambient conditions and identifies the modes where most failure and degradation occurred on SiR surfaces. Experimental investigations were carried out to compare the aging performance of two 11kV SiR insulator designs using a rotating wheel dip test under AC and positive DC excitations. A standard polymeric insulator design was used and compared with insulators that had a textured surface. Both insulator designs were fabricated in-house using a vacuum casting machine. Several electrical parameters were measured during the test to characterise the performance of each insulator. Dry band arcing activities were mainly observed on the trunk surface of the conventional profile. A decrease in hydrophobicity was measured on the tested surfaces, and tracking and erosion defects were also observed on both insulator designs. Leakage current measurements showed that drying and discharge activity was greater for a conventional insulator compared with the textured insulator, and more severe degradation appeared under positive DC tests than under AC. These studies showed that insulators with a textured design can improve the performance of SiR insulators against tracking and erosion under AC and positive DC excitations. The electric field and potential distributions along the leakage surface of the 11 kV SiR insulators under dry clean and wet polluted conditions were studied using finite element method COMSOL Multiphysics. The critical of high field regions on SiR surfaces were identified and the power dissipated in the pollution layer along insulator surface was calculated. This study showed useful information about surface heating, which could be used to predict of the formation of dry bands. An investigation of the pollution layer characterisation on conventional and textured pattern designs is described. Several tests were conducted to evaluate the behaviour of the insulator surfaces under different conditions. ESDD and NSDD parameters were measured for different materials, and evaluations for each design were also performed. Leakage conductance measurements on surface designs were determined, and the distribution trends of surface conductance were also characterised. Different rectangular SiR samples were assessed, and an improvement for reducing the pollutant deposition on textured surfaces was observed. In 4-shed insulators, the textured design showed comparable ESDD value with conventional profile. Textured designs also showed slower growth of the leakage current than the conventional design. Clean fog tests (based on a high voltage ramp test) were carried out to investigate the flashover performance of conventional and textured insulator designs. For different ranges of wetting and pollution severity conditions, the textured design showed an improvement in the flashover performance that could reach 16 % compared to the conventional surface. This indicates that the textured surface seems to be more effective under severe ambient conditions. It was also observed that the textured insulator design can improve the electrical performance of SiR insulators under AC and DC voltages.
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Nekeb, Abdelbaset. "Effect of some of climatic conditions in the performance of outdoor HV silicone rubber insulators." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/68905/.

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Silicone rubber (SiR) insulators are increasingly being used mainly because of their superior performance under wet polluted conditions compared to conventional porcelain and glass. However, in polluted environments with high moisture levels, electrical discharges will develop on the insulator surfaces. In the long term, electrical discharges cause degradation of SiR insulator in the form of tracking and erosion due to dry-band arcing that takes place when leakage current (LC) develops, and both are detrimental to the life of the insulation. This thesis presents an experimental study on the electric performance of aged high voltage outdoor silicone rubber insulators. In addition to the literature reviewed of the performance of silicone rubber insulators subjected to different climatic conditions, which is resulting in loss of their unique property named ‘hydrophobicity’, the research is concentrated in three areas: (i) Study of the effect of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the performance of silicone rubber insulation systems: 11kV non-textured and 4mm Textured Shank insulators (TS4) (TS4 is a new insulator design using intersection of 4mm square texture pattern on the shank regions of the insulator) were prepared in vacuum casting machine. Irradiated insulators were tested under different conditions. Dry-band formation and electrical discharges on their surfaces are dependent on the UV doses. Degradation of SiR insulators in a form of tracking and erosion is result in loss the surface hydrophobicity by UV irradiation, and decrease of the expected life of the insulators. Silicone rubber insulator electric performance was found to be affected by the experimental conditions. LC on relatively hydrophobic surfaces was found to exist and increase on overall insulators with increasing the exposure doses of UV irradiation, by increase the number of applied UV cycles. (ii) Development a new test set-up to determine the effectiveness of orientation angle on the performance of silicone rubber insulators subjected to different wet and pollution conditions: LC of silicone rubber insulators were increased with changes in the orientation angle from vertical to horizontal, where the TS4 showed its superior performance under fog conditions in the vertical orientation. (iii) A new test procedure, based on the high voltage ramp test method and standard wet test method, named ‘high voltage rain ramp test’, is proposed to evaluate the flashover performance of the TS4 silicone rubber insulators under simulated rain conditions at different orientations. Its flashover performance was compared with non-textured insulators. TS4 silicone rubber insulators are less suitable for wet weather conditions in any orientation, due to the following reasons: (a) in vertical orientation a very low flashover voltage was observed due to the development of high magnitude electric fields in the insulator shank region, and (b) for the inclined and horizontal orientations, non-textured insulators exhibit a better flashover performance than their textured equivalents. Hence, less improvement is achieved, due to use an expensive and intricate insulator design.
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Stärker, Katrin. "Anatomische Zuordnung tiefer Hirnstrukturen auf hochauflösenden MRT-Aufnahmen fixierter Gehirnproben." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3EBF-3.

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Hsu, Yao-Tung, and 徐耀東. "Monitoring the Degradation of Ethylene Propylene Rubber Cables Used in Nuclear Power Plants." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44490329958954072545.

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Lavelot, Randall Ruben. "A licensing plan for coupling a nuclear energy source to a chemical process plant : SASOL Secunda as a case study / Randall Ruben Lavelot." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11738.

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The purpose of the research study was to identify the implications of the licensing processrelated costs for coupling high temperature reactor(s) (HTR) to the SASOL coal-to-liquid (CTL) process (hereafter known as nuclear coal-to-liquid (NCTL)). This was achieved by formulating a licensing plan using SASOL Secunda as a case study. The secondary objectives of the study were: To analyse the national nuclear regulatory (NNR) act, regulation and authorisation, relevant to the licensing of the NCTL production plant; identify variables influencing licensing and evaluating the relative significance from the perspective of relevant stakeholders; and evaluate the magnitude of the activity-base costs. In order to achieve these goals, an in-depth literature review was conducted to understand the application of nuclear licensing and related concepts. These concepts consisted of several key elements, ranging from South Africa’s legal requirements from the perspective of the national energy regulator; environmental impact assessment; NNR’s nuclear installation site license, nuclear installation license – including commissioning and decommissioning. A mixed experimental approach consisting of qualitative (explorative) and quantitative (descriptive) survey designs were utilised in this study to achieve the primary aim and secondary objectives. Three (3) structured measuring instruments such as a telephonic interview, in-depth interviews and self-administered surveys were utilised in this study to collect data. The data collected revealed three (3) short comings. Short comings were addressed thereafter; ten (10) problems were also identified, to which solutions were suggested. From the results of the study and empirical evidence, a quantified assessment of the risk of time and cost of licensing the NCTL production plant was achieved; it was shown that the overall timelines of the licensing plan for the NCTL production plant was estimated at 8 years as suggested by international best practise; total licensing costs was estimated at ZAR 918,599,904.00 in 2013 value. This study concluded with several recommendations in respect of engagement with the NNR, of which the following are important: To gain clarity on the requirements on the content of site safety reports; provide direction on how to apply for multiple nuclear installation licenses for installations for construction on a common site after granting multiple nuclear installation site licenses and public participation process; and distinguish whether the safety authority has the required human resource capable of handling two (2) license applications per year.
MIng (Development and Management Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Books on the topic "Nucleus ruber"

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Simpson, J. C. B. Development of nuclear based analysis techniques for quantitative elemental depth profiling and an investigation into mould fouling in the rubber industry. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.

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Crichton, Michael. Three Complete Novels: The Andromeda Strain / The Terminal Man / The Great Train Robbery. New York: Wings Books, 1993.

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Crichton, Michael. Tian wai si jun. Hong Kong: Bo Yi, 1995.

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Crichton, Michael. The Andromeda Strain. New York, USA: Ballantine Books, 1999.

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Crichton, Michael. The Andromeda Strain. 4th ed. New York: Dell, 1987.

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Crichton, Michael. The Andromeda strain. Hampton, N.H: Eagle Large Print, 1994.

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Crichton, Michael. The Andromeda Strain. New York, USA: Ballantine Books, 1993.

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Crichton, Michael. The Andromeda strain. New York: Dell Pub. Co., 1987.

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Crichton, Michael. The Andromeda strain. London: Century, 1993.

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Crichton, Michael. La amenaza de Andromeda. México: Origen/Planeta, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nucleus ruber"

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Adams, Maurice L. "Nuclear Plant Pump Rubber Bearings." In Bearings, 279–81. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22177-18.

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Visintainer, J., and R. C. Hirst. "13C-NMR Determination of Rubber Content in Guayule Bushes." In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, 148–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82609-2_7.

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Yamada, Kazuhiko. "Chapter 20. Development of Sulfur-33 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Structural Study of Crosslinked Rubber." In NMR Methods for Characterization of Synthetic and Natural Polymers, 481–505. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016483-00481.

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Chandrasekaran, Chellappa. "Rubber Lining for Nuclear Equipment." In Anticorrosive Rubber Lining, 67–72. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-44371-5.00009-8.

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Beckman, Robert L. "Rubber Guillotines Begin to Fall." In Nuclear Non-Proliferation, 349–87. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429038174-10.

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Chandrasekaran, V. C. "Seals for Radioactive Media – in Nuclear Plants." In Rubber Seals for Fluid and Hydraulic Systems, 23–35. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-8155-2075-7.10003-6.

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"A model for polymer gels based on the theory of rubber elasticity—Application to the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc." In Constitutive Models for Rubber VIII, 619–26. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14964-111.

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Teoh, Hui Chieh. "Active Galactic Nuclei and Pulsars." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 250–71. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2381-0.ch014.

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With the discovery of radio emission of extraterrestrial origin, it had opened a new and broader window in the electromagnetic spectrum to observe the sky. Two of the common sources of radio emissions are active galactic nuclei (AGN) and pulsars. AGN are very luminous at radio wavelength and are powered by the accretion disk surrounding supermassive black holes at the center. AGN are useful as an alternative standard ruler to determine cosmological parameters. Pulsars, on the other hand, is a type of neutron star that is highly magnetized and rotates at enormous speed. This cosmic lighthouse produces a very precise pulsation period that can be used as cosmic clock.
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Fox, Michael H. "The Quest for Uranium." In Why We Need Nuclear Power. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199344574.003.0018.

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The name rises as a phantom from the heart of the Congo. The dawn of the nuclear age began there, though no one knew it at the time. King Leopold II of Belgium claimed the Congo as his colony during the surge of European colonization in the 1870s, promising to run the country for the benefit of the native population. Instead, he turned it into a giant slave camp as he raped the country of its riches. Leopold didn’t care much about mineral wealth, preferring the easy riches of rubber, but aft er he died in 1909, the Belgium mining company Union Minière discovered ample resources of copper, bismuth, cobalt, tin, and zinc in southern Congo. The history-changing find, though, was high-grade uranium ore at Shinkolobwe in 1915. The real interest at the time was not in uranium—it had no particular use—but in radium, the element the Curies discovered and made famous. It was being used as a miracle treatment for cancer and was the most valuable substance on earth—30,000 times the price of gold. Radium is produced from the decay of uranium aft er several intermediates (see Figure 8.3 in Chapter 8), so it is inevitable that radium and uranium will be located together. The true value of the uranium would not be apparent until the advent of the Manhattan Project to build the atomic bomb during World War II. Edgar Sangier, the director of Union Miniere, which owned the mine at Shinkolobwe, hated the Nazis and was afraid—correctly, as it turned out—that they would invade Belgium. In 1939, as Europe was sliding into war, Sangier learned that uranium could possibly be used to build a bomb. He secretly arranged to transfer 1,250 tons of the uranium ore out of the Congo to a warehouse in New York City. There it sat until 1942, when General Leslie Groves, the man whom President Roosevelt put in charge of the Manhattan Project, found out about it and arranged to purchase it.
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Conference papers on the topic "Nucleus ruber"

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Nakano, Mitsuyuki, Haruko Sasaki, Tomokazu Watanabe, and Ayumi Maezawa. "Hydrogen Permeability of Rubber Gaskets." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15137.

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At Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant zircaloy that was used for cladding tube was exposed to high temperature steam and Hydrogen was produced by rapid oxidation. Essentially produced oxygen had to be sealed in containment vessel and released to the air by venting. However Hydrogen released from containment vessel were stored in reactor building and exploded at the NPP. From the experience engineers recognized that countermeasure to prevent Hydrogen leak from containment vessel was required. Unfortunately there are few studies relevant to Hydrogen permeability at high temperature and demanded Hydrogen permeability coefficient of sealing material in the case of high temperature exposure. In this study tests were conducted to predict Hydrogen permeability through rubber gasket at ACCIDENT. Experimental conditions were 1) deteriorated by heat, 2) deteriorated by heat and steam, 3) at high temperature. Tests were conducted for Silicone rubber, EPDM, NBR and Fluoro-rubber and we found that there was no significant difference between the rubbers Hydrogen permeability coefficient under conditions from 1) to 3) without the case of losing its elasticity. Currently we can present basic data to predict Hydrogen leak volume from containment vessel to reactor building at ACCIDENT. Based on the data we calculated Hydrogen leak volume from containment vessel through top flange of Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in the case that zircaloy was melted completely as example.
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Nakano, Mitsuyuki, Haruko Sasaki, and Kanji Hanashima. "The Prediction of Long-Term and Emergency Sealability of Silicone and EPDM Gaskets." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30169.

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At nuclear power plants, containment vessel acts as pressure barrier in such an emergency as a loss-of-coolant accident. It is important as safety equipment to prevent radiological from leaking outside. Rubber gaskets, which are used for sealing faces of containment vessel, are needed to maintain certain sealability not only in stable condition but also in an emergent situation. Among important characteristics of the rubber gasket are not only physical property changes after general aging test (for example, tensile strength changes after heat resistance test) that indicate long-term stability of gasket itself, but also after radiation resistance test which gives potential to good substitute characteristic in terms of sealability in such cases. Physical property changes after general aging test do not always substitute sealability in an emergency, because they do not reflect effects of radiation. That is why nuclear power plant engineers must choose suitable rubber materials that have high performance in radiation resistance. In Japan, silicone rubber gaskets have been used for containment vessel for a long time since 1970th, but in the United States, ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) gaskets have been widely used. NICHIAS has silicone rubber and EPDM materials for containment vessel and these gaskets have been used in nuclear power plant. But it is not obvious why different materials have been used in two countries because few relative comparisons of the two materials have been carried out. Especially silicone rubber and EPDM gaskets have many combinations of chemical compositions, so it is difficult to evaluate gasket suitability for containment vessel. There are many kinds of studies concerning long-term stability and life of gasket, but we all must know what characteristics relate sealability under radiation exposure condition and are suitable for guidepost of sealability under previous condition. This report compares silicone rubber gasket with EPDM gasket on physical property changes under irradiation and thermal treatment. We report compression set test results about one each type of silicone rubber and EPDM gasket under irradiation from Co60. And we also report relationships in physical property changes between irradiation and thermal treatment. Finally NICHIAS predicts long-term and emergency sealability of these gaskets from the results of evaluation. We hope it will be a part of design guideline of rubber gasket for containment vessel.
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Bell, Z. W., M. A. Miller, L. Maya, G. M. Brown, and F. V. Sloop Jr. "Boron-loaded silicone rubber scintillators." In 2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37515). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2003.1352010.

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Little, Jack, and Robert Stakenborghs. "A Modern Approach to Condition-Based Maintenance of Reinforced Rubber Cooling System Expansion Joints Utilizing a Microwave Non-Destructive Inspection Method." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75602.

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Reinforced rubber has found broad application as a construction material for expansion joints in heat exchanger inlet and outlet piping. Traditionally, the products have been replaced based on age, regardless of the service time or conditions. The fundamental reason for this has been the absence of a suitable nondestructive examination (NDE) method which characterizes the true health of the component. Until recently, the primary tools for condition assessment of such rubber products have been: • Visual examination of surface condition; • Durometer inspection in accordance with ASTM D-2240 (also a determination of surface condition). Microwave Interferometric inspection represents a method for characterizing the condition of such an industrial rubber product volumetrically. This paper will provide technical information on this new NDE technology as well as present inspection results of cooling water system expansion joints installed in US commercial nuclear power plants.
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Hao, Huang, Huang Xiaoming, Xu Guoliang, Fang Lin, Shi Chunyu, Sun Jiawei, and Lv Xiangkui. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Influence Factors of the Leakage Rate for a Large-Size Pressure Gate With Rubber O-Ring Sealing Structure." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67735.

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Leakage of these hatches with large sizes must be strictly controlled in any operating conditions for the safety of a nuclear power plant. In this work, an effective numerical approach to construct a leakage prediction model to analysis the tightness performance of the rubber O-ring sealing structure of a large-size pressure gate was proposed. The model is built based on the transport theory of the porous media, and combined the micro roughness effect and the macro mechanical behavior on the leak rate, which were obtained by using Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation. A series of experiments are designed to validate the results predicted by this model. Experimental results are in good agreement with that predicted by the proposed model, which verifies the rationality and preciseness of the model. Based on the model, a further research to understand the effect of various factors on the leak characteristics was made. The results show that the tightness performance of the O-ring with an elliptical trapezoid cross-section is better than that with a round cross-section. And the rubber with lower hardness can provide a better sealing capability during accidents (corresponding to the inside pressure increasing conditions).The new model is very helpful in the optimum design of a rubber sealing structure.
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Shang, Aiguo, Jin Qin, and Changjie Lu. "Based on 200L Barrels of Low-Level Solid Waste Encapsulates Device Design." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30110.

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This paper presents the design of the low-level solid waste encapsulation device for the 200L barrels. The device is used to compress and package the low-level contaminated waste such as cotton goods, rubber, plastic products, leather products and paper products.
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Somers, A. E., T. J. Bastow, M. I. Burgar, M. Forsyth, and A. J. Hill. "The use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to characterize and evaluate rubber degradation." In The ninth international symposium on nondestructive characterization of materials. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1302009.

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Yabana, Shuichi, Kenji Kanazawa, Seiji Nagata, Seiji Kitamura, and Takeshi Sano. "Shaking Table Tests With Large Test Specimens of Seismically Isolated FBR Plants: Part 3—Ultimate Behavior of Upper Structure and Rubber Bearings." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77229.

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This paper describes results of shaking table tests to grasp ultimate behavior of seismic isolation system under extremely strong earthquake motions, including failure of rubber bearings. The results of the shaking table tests are expected to be useful for the design of seismically isolated nuclear facilities, especially fast breeder reactor (FBR) plants. In the test, lead rubber bearings, of which the diameter is 505 mm and about 1/3 scale of a prototype in planning FBR plants, are used; the test specimens are loaded by the largest three-dimensional shaking table in E-defense of National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) of Japan. Failure of rubber bearings occurs with amplified tentative design earthquake motions. From the tests, the ultimate responses of the upper structure and rubber bearings are presented. In particular, the change of floor response spectra and restoring force characteristics of rubber bearings according to increase of input motions is discussed. Furthermore, mechanism of the failure of rubber bearings is investigated from the observation of failure surfaces and cut sections, static loading tests, and material tests of rubber bearings. Finally, the function of seismic isolation system after the failure of a part of rubber bearings is confirmed under the tentative design earthquake.
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Imamura, Kouhei, Osamu Furuya, and Kengo Goda. "Study on Ultimate Behavior of Base-Isolated Layer in Nuclear Facility for Cliff-Edges Effect." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65561.

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This study evaluates the ultimate behavior of base-isolated layer in nuclear facility in condition with high surface pressure and huge shear strain of laminated type base isolation device as one of Cliff-Edge effects of safety evaluation by experimental and analytical examination. As the first step of the study, the dynamic properties of laminated base isolation devices were investigated from several loading tests, and then analytical model of the device with strong nonlinearity was examined based on the results of loading tests. Besides, the urethane elastomer was applied to the device that has been newly developed as a base isolation material instead of rubber material. This material has unique characteristics compared with rubber material such as a simple and easy molding, an excellent dynamic property in small deformation, an adjustment of mechanical characteristic by material combination design and so on. In this paper, the evaluation of ultimate behavior of urethane isolation device and the validation of analytical method using finite element method are summarized.
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Fukasawa, Tsuyoshi, Shigeki Okamura, Tomohiko Yamamoto, Nobuchika Kawasaki, Tsutomu Hirotani, Eriko Moriizumi, Yu Sakurai, and Nobuo Masaki. "Development on Rubber Bearings for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor: Part 3 — Ultimate Properties of a Half Scale Thick Rubber Bearings Based on Breaking Test." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63397.

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This paper describes the results of static loading tests using a half-scale thick rubber bearing to investigate ultimate properties application for a Sodium-cooled-Fast-Reactor (SFR). The thick rubber bearing, which has a rubber layer roughly three times thicker in comparison with conventional rubber bearings, has been developed by the authors to ensure seismic safety margins for components installed in the reactor building, and to reduce seismic response in the vertical direction as well as horizontal direction. The thick rubber bearings, 1600 mm in diameter at full scale, have been designed to provide a rated load of about 10000 kN with a horizontal natural period of 3.4 s and a vertical natural period of about 0.133 s. The fundamental restoring-force characteristics of the thick rubber bearings has been already cleared through the static loading tests using a half-scale thick rubber bearing, 800 mm in diameter. However, variations of the restoring force characteristics and ultimate properties have not been obtained yet. These validations are essential from the point of view of Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) for a base isolated nuclear plant as well as to verify the structural integrity of the thick rubber bearing. The purpose of this paper is to indicate the variation of the stiffness and damping ratio concerning restoring force characteristics and the breaking strain or stress as ultimate properties through static loading tests using the half-scale thick rubber bearings.
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