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Journal articles on the topic 'Nuclides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Dayou, Chen. "Statistical model of nuclide shell structure." Physics & Astronomy International Journal 2, no. 1 (2018): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/paij.2018.02.00050.

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This thesis, after a systematic and in-depth analysis of known nuclides, pro-poses a new model of nuclides’ shell structure and offers a table of the shell structures of 935 nuclides. With this theoretic approach, the thesis studies the shell combination with a bias towards the statistical analysis of nuclide structures. This thesis distinguishes between the basic models of nuclides and gives 7criteria for nu-clide binding, the maximal nucleonic number of each shell (ΔAi ), combination of proton and neutron (p/n) and graphs of the nuclide growth. Based on magnetic moment, it also conducts a qu

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2

Thoennessen, M. "2014 update of the discoveries of nuclides." International Journal of Modern Physics E 24, no. 02 (2015): 1530002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301315300027.

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The 2014 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. Only six new nuclides were observed for the first time in 2014 while the assignments of 17 other nuclides were revised. In addition, for another 14 nuclides the laboratories where they were discovered were reassigned.

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3

Thoennessen, M. "2013 update of the discoveries of nuclides." International Journal of Modern Physics E 23, no. 02 (2014): 1430002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301314300021.

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The 2013 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. Details of the 12 new nuclides observed for the first time in 2013 are described. In addition, the discovery of 266Db has been included and the previous assignments of six other nuclides were changed. Overview tables of where and how nuclides were discovered have also been updated and are discussed.

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4

Thoennessen, M. "2017 update of the discoveries of nuclides." International Journal of Modern Physics E 27, no. 02 (2018): 1830002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301318300023.

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The 2017 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. 34 new nuclides were observed for the first time in 2017. However, the assignment of six previously identified nuclides had to be retracted.

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5

Choi, Jung-Hoon, Byeonggwan Lee, Ki-Rak Lee, et al. "Characterization of Waste Generated from Nuclide Management Process in Waste Burden Minimization Technology for Spent Nuclear Fuel." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2022 (July 30, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4764825.

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To reduce the environmental burden caused by the disposal of spent nuclear fuel, waste burden minimization technology is currently being developed at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. The technology includes a nuclide management process that can maximize disposal efficiency by selectively separating and collecting major nuclides in spent nuclear fuel. To manufacture a waste form of high durability, the characteristics of the waste generated during the process should be evaluated. In this study, the physical, radiological, and thermal characteristics of the waste and waste forms for m

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6

Soti, Zsolt, Raymond Dreher, and Joseph Magill. "Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart – a tradition in progress for nuclear data." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 10 (2024): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2024009.

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The Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart is a well-known nuclear data collection used in education and research institutions worldwide. This paper summarises its content from 1958, with data on 1517 experimentally observed nuclides, to the latest 2022/23 edition with data on 4122 nuclides. The paper also provides an overview of the data content of the latest edition with emphasis on the data sources. The unique features of this nuclide chart are the compact presentation of the most essential and up-to-date nuclide data in small, 1.5 × 1.5 cm nuclide boxes and the availability in different printed formats.

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7

Dehnert, Andreas, and Christian Schlüchter. "Sediment burial dating using terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 57, no. 1/2 (2008): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.57.1-2.8.

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Abstract. Burial dating using in situ produced terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides is a relatively new method to date sediments and quantify geomorphological processes such as erosion, accumulation and river incision. Burial dating utilises the decay of previously in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides and can be applied to sedimentary deposits such as cave fillings, alluvial fans, river terraces, delta deposits, and dunes. Using the established 10Be/26Al nuclide pair allows numerical dating of quartz bearing material from ~100 ka to 5 Ma, where other dateable material is often unavailable. To date,

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8

Ivy-Ochs, Susan, and Florian Kober. "Surface exposure dating with cosmogenic nuclides." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 57, no. 1/2 (2008): 179–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.57.1-2.7.

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Abstract. In the last decades surface exposure dating using cosmogenic nuclides has emerged as a powerful tool in Quaternary geochronology and landscape evolution studies. Cosmogenic nuclides are produced in rocks and sediment due to reactions induced by cosmic rays. Landforms ranging in age from a few hundred years to tens of millions of years can be dated (depending on rock or landform weathering rates) by measuring nuclide concentrations. In this paper the history and theory of surface exposure dating are reviewed followed by an extensive outline of the fields of application of the method.

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9

Gosse, John C., Robert C. Reedy, Charles D. Harrington, and Jane Poths. "Overview of the Workshop on Secular Variations in Production Rates of Cosmogenic Nuclides on Earth." Radiocarbon 38, no. 1 (1996): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200061580.

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Measurements of cosmogenic nuclides made in situ in the Earth's surface are being used to help resolve a wide range of geologic and chronologic questions. Cosmogenic nuclides (3He, 10Be, 14C, 21Ne, 26Al 36C1 are presently used) can reveal rock exposure history information leading to estimates of timing of surface forming events, rates and styles of erosion, and timing and durations of episodes of burial. Depending on the problems being tackled, a significant source of error (±10–25%) for any cosmogenic nuclide method is the present uncertainty in the spatial and temporal variability of the rat

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10

Drovnikov, Viktor, Nikita Egorov, Valeriy Zhivun, Aleksandr Kadushkin, and Viktor Kovalenko. "Evaluation of Feasibility of Gamma-Spectrometer NaI PAK-01 and SAS Na M3 Software Application for Regular Radionuclide Analysis of NPP Permissible Wastes." ANRI, no. 4 (December 4, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37414/2075-1338-2021-107-4-52-59.

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The feasibility of correct NaI gamma-spectrometry activity measurement for each nuclide in 131I, 132I, 133I, 134I, 135I, 133Xe, 135mXe, 135Xe and 222Rn composition is presented. To get this result the special matrix method M3 and SAS Na M3 software were used for spectra processing. SAS Na M3 software was developed for complex NaI gamma-spectra processing. Special algorithms and auxiliary software are used to overcome the problems of the classic spectra processing matrix method. Being used for spectrum processing SAS Na M3 software determines the nuclide composition of the sample, activity of n

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11

Uenomachi, M., K. Shimazoe, and H. Takahashi. "Double photon coincidence crosstalk reduction method for multi-nuclide Compton imaging." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 04 (2022): P04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/04/p04001.

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Abstract Compton imaging based on Compton scattering kinematics has the potential to visualize multi-nuclides by discriminating the total energy of Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption events. This feature enables us to perform multi-tracer imaging that reflects different functional information in nuclear medicine, resulting in a definitive diagnosis and being useful for biological and medical research. One of the challenges with multi-nuclide imaging is the crosstalk artifacts caused by scattered photons of higher energy gamma-rays. In this study, we investigated the potential bene

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12

S. Nayyef, Murtadha, and Naz T. Jaralla. "Determine Most Stable Isobar for Nuclides with A= (15-30) & (101- 115)." Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences 33, no. 4 (2020): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/33.4.2520.

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In this study the most stable isobar for some isobaric families (light and intermediate ) nuclei with mass number (A) equals to (15-30) & (101- 115) have been determined. This determination of stable nuclide can help to determine the suitable nuclide, which can be used in different fields. Most stable isobar can be determined by two means. First: plot mass parabolas (plotting the binding energy (B.E) as a function of the atomic number (Z)) for these isobaric families, in this method most stable isobars represent the lowest point in mass parabola (the nuclide with the highest value of

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13

Gärtner, Andreas, Silke Merchel, Samuel Niedermann, et al. "Nature Does the Averaging—In-Situ Produced 10Be, 21Ne, and 26Al in a Very Young River Terrace." Geosciences 10, no. 6 (2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10060237.

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The concentrations of long-lived in-situ produced cosmogenic nuclides (10Be, 21Ne, 26Al) in quartz obtained from a very recent (~200 a; based on 14C data on organic material) terrace of the Swakop River in Namibia are nearly constant throughout a 322 cm-long depth profile. These findings corroborate earlier hypotheses postulating a homogeneous distribution of these nuclides in freshly deposited river terrace sediments. An averaged nuclide concentration is a crucial and generally assumed prerequisite for the determination of numerical ages of old sediments.

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14

Thoennessen, M. "2018 update of the discoveries of nuclides." International Journal of Modern Physics E 28, no. 01n02 (2019): 1930002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301319300029.

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The 2018 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. Fifty new nuclides were observed for the first time in 2018. A large number of isotopes are still only published in conference proceedings or internal reports.

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15

Thoennessen, M. "2016 Update of the discoveries of nuclides." International Journal of Modern Physics E 26, no. 05 (2017): 1730003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830131730003x.

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The 2016 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. Only 12 new nuclides were observed for the first time in 2016. A large number of isotopes are still only published in conference proceedings or internal reports. No changes to earlier assignments were made.

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16

Merz, Grant, and Zach Meisel. "Urca nuclide production in Type-I X-ray bursts and implications for nuclear physics studies." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, no. 3 (2020): 2958–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3414.

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ABSTRACT The thermal structure of accreting neutron stars is affected by the presence of urca nuclei in the neutron star crust. Nuclear isobars harbouring urca nuclides can be produced in the ashes of Type I X-ray bursts, but the details of their production have not yet been explored. Using the code MESA, we investigate urca nuclide production in a one-dimensional model of Type I X-ray bursts using astrophysical conditions thought to resemble the source GS 1826-24. We find that high-mass (A ≥ 55) urca nuclei are primarily produced late in the X-ray burst, during hydrogen-burning freeze-out tha

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17

Dreyzin, Valeriy, Artyem Sviridov, Vyacheslav Varganov, and Dmitriy Logvinov. "State and Prospective Directions of Development of Methods of Control of Raw Materials Packed in Sealed Containers." ANRI, no. 3 (October 7, 2021): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37414/2075-1338-2021-106-3-3-14.

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The current state of non-destructive testing of radioactive waste (RW) packed in sealed containers by the energy spectrum of gamma radiation coming out of the container is considered. A brief analysis of the methods used in existing installations for the control and certification of containers with RW for conducting nuclide analysis of RW with the determination of the specific activities of the radionuclides contained in them is carried out, and their shortcomings are shown. More effective methods of RW characterization are proposed: the problems of controlling hard – to-detect radionuclides (

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18

Thoennessen, M. "2015 Update of the discoveries of nuclides." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 06 (2016): 1630004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316300046.

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The 2015 update of the discovery of nuclide project is presented. Twenty new nuclides were observed for the first time in 2015. An overall review of all previous assignments was made in order to apply the discovery criteria consistently to all elements. In addition, a list of isotopes published so far only in conference proceedings or internal reports is included.

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19

Koma, Yoshikazu, and Erina Murakami. "Contamination of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station with actinide elements." Radiochimica Acta 107, no. 9-11 (2019): 965–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2019-3126.

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Abstract The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, which is owned by the Tokyo Electric Power Company, was damaged by the great earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, and serious contamination due to radioactive nuclides occurred. To investigate the waste management methodologies, contaminated materials were radiochemically analyzed. This paper reviews the analytical data concerning actinide elements. Contaminated water has accumulated in the basement of the reactor and other buildings, and actinide nuclides have been detected in this water. Actinides first get dissolved into the water i

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20

Uenomachi, Mizuki, Kenji Shimazoe, and Hiroyuki Takahashi. "A double photon coincidence detection method for medical gamma-ray imaging." Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems 18, no. 1 (2022): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bioal-2022-0080.

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Abstract Cascade nuclides emit two or more gamma rays successively through an intermediate state. The coincidence detection of cascade gamma rays provides several advantages in gamma-ray imaging. In this review article, three applications of the double photon coincidence method are reviewed. Double-photon emission imaging with mechanical collimators and Compton double-photon emission imaging can identify radioactive source positions with their angular-resolving detectors, and reduce the crosstalk between nuclides. In addition, a novel method of coincidence Compton imaging is proposed by taking

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21

Kristina, Kristina, Amir Hamzah, Muhammad Subekti, and Menik Ariani. "NUCLIDES COMPOSITION OF EXPERIMENTAL POWER REACTOR (RDE) SPENT FUEL." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA 22, no. 1 (2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2020.22.1.5787.

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The management of spent fuel is an issue of safety for Indonesia in the phase of designing RDE. Several studies regarding spent fuel are limited by geometrical characteristics and number of nuclides library. Therefore, different methodologies utilizing MCNPX2.6.0 were applied to get better information for further research. In this study, a single fuel pebble containing UO2, was burned using 5 cycles of multi-pass loading scheme for 1080 days to obtain the same energy as RDE’s core, which is about 79.90 GWd/MTU. The multiplication factor k-inf decreased at each cycle and stopped at 1.14575. The

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22

Cockburn, Hermione A. P., and Michael A. Summerfield. "Geomorphological applications of cosmogenic isotope analysis." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 28, no. 1 (2004): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133304pp395oa.

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Cosmogenic isotope analysis involves the measurement of cosmogenic nuclides that have accumulated in the upper few metres of the Earth’s surface as a result of interactions between cosmic rays and target elements. The concentrations of these cosmogenic nuclides can provide quantitative estimates of the timing and rate of geomorphic processes. In dating applications the concentration of cosmogenic nuclides is interpreted as reflecting the time elapsed since a surface exposure event. However, over most of the Earth’s surface for most of the time the landsurface experiences incremental denudation

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23

Wang, Yu, Jianzhu Cao, Feng Xie, and Fu Li. "Inventories of Short-Lived Fission Gas Nuclides in Nuclear Reactors." Energies 16, no. 6 (2023): 2530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062530.

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Taking inventories in reactor cores is critical for understanding their radioactive source terms and establishing the relationship between the activity concentration in the primary loop and the status of the reactor core’s fuel. However, there is a niche in which a simple but accurate relationship between reactor conditions and nuclide inventories can reliably predict the fission gas nuclide activities of the reactor core in the primary loop. In this study, a simple and efficient model called “Inventories of a Point Reactor for Fission Gas Nuclides” (IPRFGN) was proposed to calculate and inter

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24

Golashvili, Tengiz, Sergey Badikov, Zhao Zhixiang, et al. "Nuclide Guide and International Chart of the Nuclides - 2009." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 59, no. 2(3) (2011): 1104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.59.1104.

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25

Grdovic, Svetlana, Gordana Vitorovic, Branislava Mitrovic, V. Andric, B. Petrujkic, and M. Obradovic. "Natural and anthropogenic radioactivity of feedstuffs, mosses and soil in the Belgrade environment, Serbia." Archives of Biological Sciences 62, no. 2 (2010): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1002301g.

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By gamma spectroscopic measurement a content of natural radio-nuclides (40K, 238U, 226Ra, 232Th) and 137Cs was determined in samples of soil, alfalfa, maize and moss on six sites in the surroundings of Belgrade. Natural radionuclides in the soil were at the level characteristic for Serbia, whereas a relatively high level of activity of 137Cs (around 30 Bq kg-1) was determined. On the other hand, in plant samples mostly used as feed (such as alfalfa and maize) the concentration of natural radio-nuclide activity and 137Cs was relatively low, i.e. below the range of detection. The content of natu

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26

Cavazzini, Giancarlo. "Radioactive Decay as A Second-Order Kinetics Transformation Process. Consequences on Radiometric Dating." Applied Physics Research 12, no. 1 (2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v12n1p26.

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Arguments suggest and recent analysis of experimental work confirm that the current interpretation of the transformation process we call &lsquo;radioactive decay&rsquo; should be revised. The characteristics of this process are better accounted for by re-interpreting it in terms of second-order kinetics. Therefore, the atomic systems of nuclides we observe decay are &lsquo;radio-activated&rsquo;, and not, as hitherto believed, &lsquo;radio-active&rsquo;. According to this interpretation, the rate of decay of a radioactive nuclide is at any instant proportional to the co

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Zhang, Yangxin, Jiangmei Zhang, Tuantuan Liu, Xinghua Feng, Tengxiang Xie, and Haolin Liu. "The Impact of Tides and Monsoons on Tritium Migration and Diffusion in Coastal Harbours: A Simulation Study in Lianyungang Haizhou Bay, China." Water 16, no. 4 (2024): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16040615.

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Many nuclear power plants have been built along China’s coasts, and the migration and diffusion of radioactive nuclides in coastal harbours is very concerning. In this study, considering the decay and free diffusion of radioactive nuclides, a local hydrodynamic model based on the FVCOM was built to investigate the migration and diffusion of the radioactive nuclide tritium in Haizhou Bay, China. This model was calibrated according to the observed tidal level and flow velocity and direction, which provide an accurate background. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of tides and monsoons on th

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Papastefanou, C., M. Manolopoulou, and S. Charalambous. "Radioecological Measurements in the Coal Power Plant Environment." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 24, no. 1-4 (1988): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a080320.

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Abstract Radioecological measurements were carried out on the radioactive nuclides escaping from the stacks of coal-fired power plants (CPP) and dispersing into the environment, as most types of lignites burned contain radioactive nuclides, mostly of the uranium series. Different methods were used, such as low level counting, gamma ray spectroscopy, nuclear activation analysis and the delayed neutron technique, TL dosimetry, the solid state nuclear etched track detector technique, WL monitoring and air sampling. The Valley model for atmospheric dispersion of the escaping 226Ra was applied and

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Raicevic, Jagos, Milan Merkle, Joachim Enrhard, and Marko Ninkovic. "Years of life lost due to external radiation exposure." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 19, no. 2 (2004): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0402040r.

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In this paper a new approach for calculation of the years of life lost per excess death due to stochastic health effects is applied to external exposure pathways. The short-term external exposures are due to the passage of radioactive cloud and due to the skin and clothes contamination. The long-term external exposure is the one from the radioactive material deposited on the ground (groundshine). Three nuclides, 131I, 137Cs, and 239Pu, and with the extremely wide range of half-life are considered in order to examine their possible influence on the calculated values of years of life lost. For e

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Xu, Hang, Xianyun Ai, Ying Wang, et al. "Ground Radioactivity Distribution Reconstruction and Dose Rate Estimation Based on Spectrum Deconvolution." Sensors 23, no. 12 (2023): 5628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125628.

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Estimating the gamma dose rate at one meter above ground level and determining the distribution of radioactive pollution from aerial radiation monitoring data are the core technical issues of unmanned aerial vehicle nuclear radiation monitoring. In this paper, a reconstruction algorithm of the ground radioactivity distribution based on spectral deconvolution was proposed for the problem of regional surface source radioactivity distribution reconstruction and dose rate estimation. The algorithm estimates unknown radioactive nuclide types and their distributions using spectrum deconvolution and

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Anderson, Robert F., Sherry L. Schiff, and Raymond H. Hesslein. "Determining Sediment Accumulation and Mixing Rates Using 210Pb, 137Cs, and Other Tracers: Problems Due to Postdepositional Mobility or Coring Artifacts." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, S1 (1987): s231—s250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-298.

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Sediment profiles of 137Cs in 12 lakes and of radionuclides (60Co, 134Cs, 226Ra) added experimentally to four lakes at the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario, were inconsistent with sediment chronologies derived from 210Pb distributions. Peaks in the 37Cs profiles were sometimes shallower than the depth corresponding to the 1963 fallout maximum (based on 210Pb chronology) and sometimes 137Cs peaks were not observed at all. Expected peaks in the profiles of experimentally added nuclides were similarly absent in three of four lakes. The absence of these peaks at depths corresponding t

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Briner, Jason P., Caleb K. Walcott, Joerg M. Schaefer, et al. "Drill-site selection for cosmogenic-nuclide exposure dating of the bed of the Greenland Ice Sheet." Cryosphere 16, no. 10 (2022): 3933–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3933-2022.

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Abstract. Direct observations of the size of the Greenland Ice Sheet during Quaternary interglaciations are sparse yet valuable for testing numerical models of ice-sheet history and sea level contribution. Recent measurements of cosmogenic nuclides in bedrock from beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet collected during past deep-drilling campaigns reveal that the ice sheet was significantly smaller, and perhaps largely absent, sometime during the past 1.1 million years. These discoveries from decades-old basal samples motivate new, targeted sampling for cosmogenic-nuclide analysis beneath the ice she

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Steinadler, Jennifer, Otto E. O. Zeman, and Thomas Bräuniger. "Correlation of the Isotropic NMR Chemical Shift with Oxygen Coordination Distances in Periodic Solids." Oxygen 2, no. 3 (2022): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oxygen2030023.

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In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the isotropic chemical shift δiso is a measure of the electron density around the observed nuclide. For characterization of solid materials and compounds, it is desirable to find correlations between δiso and structural parameters such as coordination numbers and distances to neighboring atoms. Correlations of good quality are easier to find when the coordination sphere is formed by only one element, as the electron density is obviously strongly dependent on the atomic number. The current study is therefore restricted to nuclides in pure oxygen

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34

Hu, Yingtao, Wenjie Xu, Ruiqi Chen, Liangtong Zhan, Shenbo He, and Zhi Ding. "Parameter Sensitivity Analysis for Long-Term Nuclide Migration in Granite Barriers Considering a 3D Discrete Fracture–Matrix System." Fractal and Fractional 8, no. 6 (2024): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8060303.

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As a geological barrier for high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal in China, granite is crucial for blocking nuclide migration into the biosphere. However, the high uncertainty associated with the 3D geological system, such as the stochastic discrete fracture networks in granite, significantly impedes practical safety assessments of HLW disposal. This study proposes a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS)-based simulation framework for evaluating the long-term barrier performance of nuclide migration in fractured rocks. Statistical data on fracture geometric parameters, on-site hydrogeological con

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35

Akcar, Naki, Susan Ivy-Ochs, and Christian Schlüchter. "Application of in-situ produced terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides to archaeology: A schematic review." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 57, no. 1/2 (2008): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.57.1-2.9.

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Abstract. The wide applicability of in-situ produced Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclides (TCNs) to geological problems and experiences in development and testing gained over the past decade is encouraging for its application to archaeological questions, where there is a distinct need for an additional independent dating tool beyond the limits of radiocarbon (~ 40 ka). Just as TCNs are applicable to a broader time period with considerable precision in archaeology, so also are they applicable to all lithologies. Application of TCNs to archaeological problems is relatively simple: either surface expo

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36

JALILI, A., M. LÓPEZ-PÉREZ, L. KARLSSON, et al. "Radiometric Analysis of Farmed Fish (Sea Bass, Gilthead Bream, and Rainbow Trout) from Tenerife Island, Spain." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 9 (2009): 1941–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.9.1941.

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This study analyzed the content of gamma-emitting radionuclides in fish farmed on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). The fish species included in this study were sea bass, gilthead bream, and rainbow trout. The first two species are produced in offshore enclosures, while the third is produced in a freshwater fish farm. All measurements were performed using two high-purity germanium gamma-ray detectors. The content of gamma-emitting radionuclides in the fodder used to feed the different species of farmed fish studied was also determined. The following nuclides were often detected i

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37

Iwamoto, Osamu. "Evaluation of covariance data in JENDL." EPJ Web of Conferences 281 (2023): 00009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328100009.

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Evaluation of covariance for JENDL was virtually started after the release of JENDL-3.2. The covariance data were obtained for 16 nuclides and compiled to the JENDL-3.2 Covariance File. At the time of the JENDL-4.0 development, covariances were much enhanced especially for actinides; covariance data were given for 99 nuclides in total. The latest version JENDL-5 includes covariance data for 105 nuclides by adding new evaluations for light nuclides and structure materials. An overview of the covariance evaluation for JENDL is presented.

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Ramoisiaux, Eliott, Cédric Hernalsteens, Robin Tesse, Eustache Gnacadja, Nicolas Pauly, and Frédéric Stichelbaut. "Ambient dose simulation of the ProtherWal proton therapy centre radioactive shielding decay using BDSIM and FISPACT-II." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 9 (2023): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2023011.

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Next-generation proton therapy centres couple treatment and research programs, leading to higher beam currents and longer irradiation times than in clinical conditions. Large fluxes of energetic secondary particles are produced and long- and short-term radioactive nuclides are generated in the concrete shielding of the cyclotron vault. While the overall long-term activation of the centre is well known from the shielding design activation studies, the short-term activation peaks are still of importance when radiation protection studies are involved. The centre shielding design was validated usi

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LUNNEY, DAVID. "WEIGHING HALO NUCLIDES." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 10 (2009): 2077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309014329.

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Weak binding energy is one of the fundamental criteria characterizing the unique properties of nuclear halos. As such, it must be known with great accuracy and is best obtained through direct mass measurements. The global mass market is now a competitive one. Of the many investment vehicles, the Penning trap has emerged as providing the best rate of return and reliability. We examine mass-market trends, highlighting the recent cases of interest. We also hazard a prediction for the halo futures market.

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Schury, Peter, Yuta Ito, Toshitaka Niwase, and Michiharu Wada. "Multi-Reflection Time-of-Flight Mass Spectroscopy for Superheavy Nuclides." Atoms 11, no. 10 (2023): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms11100134.

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The atomic masses of isotopes of elements beyond fermium, which can presently only be produced online via fusion-evaporation reactions, have until recently been determined only from α decay chains reaching nuclides with known atomic masses. Especially in the case of lower-yield nuclides, for which the sufficiently detailed nuclear spectroscopy required to fully determine the nuclear structure is not possible, such indirect mass determinations may suffer systematic errors. For many superheavy nuclides, their decay chains end in spontaneous fission or in β-decay prior to reaching nuclides of kno

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Sóti, Zsolt, Joseph Magill, and Raymond Dreher. "Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart – New 10th edition 2018." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 5 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2019004.

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Obtaining nuclear data is an international activity with new and updated data constantly being determined by thousands of scientists at major research centres worldwide. Because of the large amounts of data generated and the formats used to store these data, the field of nuclear data is highly specialised. To make the most important key data more accessible to a wider audience, nuclide charts have been developed. In this article, we present the scientific highlights of the new 10th Edition of the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart. The main focus of this Chart is to provide structured, accurate informati

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Miroshnichenko, O. N., N. Yu Mirzoeva, I. G. Sidorov та S. B. Gulin. "Cesium-137 in the salt lakes of Сrimea". Водные ресурсы 46, № 3 (2019): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0321-0596463298-302.

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The content of the man-made radioactive nuclide 137Cs was investigated in different groups of the salt lakes of Crimea peninsula. One of the main sources of 137Cs was determined to be the North-Crimea channel, which supplied the Dnepr water to Crimea until 2014 with a high content of radioactive nuclides of Chernobyl origin. The other source of 137Cs is the Black Sea water owing to its drainage and direct connection with the coastal salt lakes of Crimea, which demonstrates a positive correlation between 137Cs concentration and water salinity.

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Tikhomirov, G. V., and A. S. Gerasimov. "THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE FROM NPP SPENT FUEL USING NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION." Professor’s Journal. Series: Technical science 3 (September 1, 2019): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2686-8598-2019-3-3-41-56.

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the main problems associated with research on transmutation, and whichshould be paid attention to by today's young researchers, are formulated. The processes of formation of hazardous nuclides during transmutation in reactor facilities are considered. The goals of transmutation and the choice of nuclides to be transmuted are discussed. The concept of radiotoxicity is explained as a measure of the radiological hazard of radio-active nuclides, based on the maximum permissible concentration of nuclides according to the IAEA standards. The problem of the formation of secondary radioactive nuclides

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Nichols, Keir A., Brent M. Goehring, Greg Balco, Joanne S. Johnson, Andrew S. Hein, and Claire Todd. "New Last Glacial Maximum ice thickness constraints for the Weddell Sea Embayment, Antarctica." Cryosphere 13, no. 11 (2019): 2935–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2935-2019.

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Abstract. We describe new Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice thickness constraints for three locations spanning the Weddell Sea Embayment (WSE) of Antarctica. Samples collected from the Shackleton Range, Pensacola Mountains, and the Lassiter Coast constrain the LGM thickness of the Slessor Glacier, Foundation Ice Stream, and grounded ice proximal to the modern Ronne Ice Shelf edge on the Antarctic Peninsula, respectively. Previous attempts to reconstruct LGM-to-present ice thickness changes around the WSE used measurements of long-lived cosmogenic nuclides, primarily 10Be. An absence of post-LGM a

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Geer, L. E. De. "Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: relevant radionuclides." Kerntechnik 66, no. 3 (2001): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-2001-0060.

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Abstract With the first version of the IDC IDC is the acronym for the International Data Centre, IMS for the International Monitoring System and CTBT for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. software all known radionuclides, less the natural ones and one “naturalised” man-made one, caused a spectrum measured in the IMS* network to be characterised as interesting from a CTBT* point of view. But this is really not true for the majority of nuclides, so a change has been made to let only nuclides from a limited set of so called CTBT relevant nuclides have an impact on the characterization sc

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Samia, Adam, Donald Nolting, Joseph Lapka, and William Charlton. "Neutron Activation Analysis of Rare Earth Element Extraction from Solution through a Surfactant-Assisted Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes." Nanomaterials 14, no. 1 (2023): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14010092.

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We report the preparation of surfactant-assisted carbon nanotube dispersions using gum arabic, Triton X-100, and graphene oxide as dispersing agents for removing rare earth elements in an aqueous solution. The analytical tools, including (a) scanning electron microscopy and (b) neutron activation analysis, were utilized for qualitative and quantitative examinations, respectively. Neutron activation analysis was employed to quantitatively determine the percent of extraction of nuclides onto the carbon structure, while the images produced from the scanning electron microscope allowed the morphol

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Peng, Guili, Xianguo Tuo, Huailiang Li, and Rui Shi. "Advanced Direct Digital Synthesis Generator Design for Transuranic Nuclide Alpha Spectrometry Pulses." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (February 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6665362.

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Alpha energy spectrum measurement has been employed in the nuclear waste disposal of transuranic nuclides (such as 239Pu and 241Am), supervision, and disposal process. The alpha spectrum is made up of alpha particles, which have a fast-moving helium nucleus and an energy of 4–8 MeV with weak penetration ability. Removing alpha particles from radioactive nuclides is an important scientific issue. In this study, a transuranic nuclide alpha particle pulse generator that produces simulated alpha particle pulses similar to real particles was designed. Field programmable gate array (FPGA) was adopte

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Vrban, Branislav, Štefan Čerba, Jakub Lüley, Filip Osuský, Mikuláš Vorobeľ, and Vladimír Nečas. "On Burnup Modelling Issues Associated with VVER–440 Fuels." Nuclear Science and Technology 9, no. 2 (2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/jnst.v9i2.46.

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The paper investigates various computational modelling issues associated with VVER-440 fuel depletion, relevant to burnup credit. The SCALE system and the TRITON sequence are used for the calculations. The effects of variations in depletion parameters and used calculation methods on the isotopic vectors are investigated. The burnup behaviour of Gadolinium is quite important in actual core analysis, but its behaviour is somewhat complicated, requiring special treatment in numerical modelling and calculations. Therefore, a special part of the paper is devoted to the treatment of Gadolinium-beari

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Rand, Cari, and Brent M. Goehring. "The distribution and magnitude of subglacial erosion on millennial timescales at Engabreen, Norway." Annals of Glaciology 60, no. 80 (2019): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aog.2019.42.

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AbstractWe quantify the magnitude of millennial-scale glacial erosion at Engabreen, a temperate glacier in coastal northern Norway, using the in situ cosmogenic nuclides carbon-14 (14C) and beryllium-10 (10Be) in bedrock exposed recently by glacial retreat. Nuclide concentrations show no dependence on distance down or across the valley. As such, resulting Holocene erosion depths along two transects perpendicular to glacier flow are highly variable with no systematic distribution, ranging from 0.10 to 2.95 m. We observed 14C–10Be ratios elevated above the production ratio in samples of abraded

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Komarov, N. S. "The evolution of nuclides." Astronomical School’s Report 2, no. 2 (2001): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2411-6602.02.2070.

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