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1
Abadie, Fernando, and Damian Ferraro. "Equivalence of Fell bundles over groups." Journal of Operator Theory 81, no. 2 (2019): 273–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.7900/jot.2018feb02.2211.
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We give a notion of equivalence for Fell bundles over groups, not necessarily saturated nor separable. The equivalence between two Fell bundles is implemented by a bundle of Hilbert bimodules with some extra structure. Suitable cross-sectional spaces of such a bundle turn out to be imprimitivity bimodules for the cross-sectional C∗-algebras of the involved Fell bundles. We show that amenability is preserved under this equivalence.
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Mozgovoy, Sergey, and Olivier Schiffmann. "Counting Higgs bundles and type quiver bundles." Compositio Mathematica 156, no. 4 (2020): 744–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x20007010.
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We prove a closed formula counting semistable twisted (or meromorphic) Higgs bundles of fixed rank and degree over a smooth projective curve of genus $g$ defined over a finite field, when the twisting line bundle degree is at least $2g-2$ (this includes the case of usual Higgs bundles). This yields a closed expression for the Donaldson–Thomas invariants of the moduli spaces of twisted Higgs bundles. We similarly deal with twisted quiver sheaves of type $A$ (finite or affine), obtaining in particular a Harder–Narasimhan-type formula counting semistable $U(p,q)$-Higgs bundles over a smooth projective curve defined over a finite field.
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Tilney, Lewis G., Patricia S. Connelly, Linda Ruggiero, Kelly A. Vranich, and Gregory M. Guild. "Actin Filament Turnover Regulated by Cross-linking Accounts for the Size, Shape, Location, and Number of Actin Bundles in Drosophila Bristles." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 10 (2003): 3953–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-03-0158.
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Drosophila bristle cells are shaped during growth by longitudinal bundles of cross-linked actin filaments attached to the plasma membrane. We used confocal and electron microscopy to examine actin bundle structure and found that during bristle elongation, snarls of uncross-linked actin filaments and small internal bundles also form in the shaft cytoplasm only to disappear within 4 min. Thus, formation and later removal of actin filaments are prominent features of growing bristles. These transient snarls and internal bundles can be stabilized by culturing elongating bristles with jasplakinolide, a membrane-permeant inhibitor of actin filament depolymerization, resulting in enormous numbers of internal bundles and uncross-linked filaments. Examination of bundle disassembly in mutant bristles shows that plasma membrane association and cross-bridging adjacent actin filaments together inhibits depolymerization. Thus, highly cross-bridged and membrane-bound actin filaments turn over slowly and persist, whereas poorly cross-linked filaments turnover more rapidly. We argue that the selection of stable bundles relative to poorly cross-bridged filaments can account for the size, shape, number, and location of the longitudinal actin bundles in bristles. As a result, filament turnover plays an important role in regulating cytoskeleton assembly and consequently cell shape.
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Sima, SN, AK Roy, and N. Joarder. "Erect culm internodal anatomy and properties of sun ecotype of Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 44, no. 1 (2015): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22725.
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Internodal anatomy of Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. was described in this paper. Culm internodes were completely encircled by leaf sheath. Peripheral vascular bundles were many in number and small in size. Central bundles were large in size and a few in number. Large bundles were of various sizes and vascular tissues well developed. Each vascular bundle had strong mass of sclerenchyma tissue arching over the phloem in the form of phloem hood. Small bundles were poorly developed in respect of vascular tissue. A small percentage of vascular bundle consisted of phloem tissue only fundamental ground tissues were parenchyma in nature. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22725 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 67-72, 2015 (March)
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Winnie, Kathrine Anne, Kimberly Sanchez, Elizabeth Winfrey, et al. "Practice Integration as an Effective Educational Strategy." AACN Advanced Critical Care 33, no. 4 (2022): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/aacnacc2022171.
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Bundles are composed of individually established practices supported by research that, when combined, structure patient care. Implementing bundles improves patient outcomes. The ABCDEF initiative is an example of a bundled approach that improves outcomes of critically ill patients that are related to the likelihood of hospital death within 7 days, delirium and coma days, physical restraint use, intensive care unit readmission, and discharge disposition, with outcomes being proportional to the number of appropriate components performed. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement practice integration as an educational strategy to increase nursing knowledge of complex topics and, specifically, components of the ABCDEF bundle. Nurses’ knowledge of all the BDE components of the ABCDEF bundle increased after implementing practice integration. Findings from this project support the use of resources to implement practice integration as an educational strategy for comprehensive concepts, specifically the BDE components of the ABCDEF bundle.
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Harker, Alyssa J., Harshwardhan H. Katkar, Tamara C. Bidone, et al. "Ena/VASP processive elongation is modulated by avidity on actin filaments bundled by the filopodia cross-linker fascin." Molecular Biology of the Cell 30, no. 7 (2019): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-08-0500.
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Ena/VASP tetramers are processive actin elongation factors that localize to diverse F-actin networks composed of filaments bundled by different cross-linking proteins, such as filopodia (fascin), lamellipodia (fimbrin), and stress fibers (α-actinin). Previously, we found that Ena takes approximately threefold longer processive runs on trailing barbed ends of fascin-bundled F-actin. Here, we used single-molecule TIRFM (total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy) and developed a kinetic model to further dissect Ena/VASP’s processive mechanism on bundled filaments. We discovered that Ena’s enhanced processivity on trailing barbed ends is specific to fascin bundles, with no enhancement on fimbrin or α-actinin bundles. Notably, Ena/VASP’s processive run length increases with the number of both fascin-bundled filaments and Ena “arms,” revealing avidity facilitates enhanced processivity. Consistently, Ena tetramers form more filopodia than mutant dimer and trimers in Drosophila culture cells. Moreover, enhanced processivity on trailing barbed ends of fascin-bundled filaments is an evolutionarily conserved property of Ena/VASP homologues, including human VASP and Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-34. These results demonstrate that Ena tetramers are tailored for enhanced processivity on fascin bundles and that avidity of multiple arms associating with multiple filaments is critical for this process. Furthermore, we discovered a novel regulatory process whereby bundle size and bundling protein specificity control activities of a processive assembly factor.
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Williamson, R. E., and U. A. Hurley. "Growth and regrowth of actin bundles in Chara: bundle assembly by mechanisms differing in sensitivity to cytochalasin." Journal of Cell Science 85, no. 1 (1986): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.85.1.21.
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Cytochalasin is known to inhibit cytoplasmic streaming rapidly in characean cells without disassembling their actin bundles. Lower cytochalasin concentrations than those needed for streaming inhibition are now shown to disrupt bundle assembly and, over longer periods, assembled bundles. After local wounding, cytochalasin limited bundle regeneration to the production of polygons and straight, discontinuous bundles that rarely connected to bundles outside the wound. The regenerated bundles supported only scattered organelle movements, whereas long, oriented bundles of control cells were connected to those outside the wound and supported bulk endoplasmic streaming. Unwounded Chara plants cultured for up to 2 weeks in 1 microM-cytochalasin maintained normal bundle orientation and rapid cytoplasmic streaming, but the mean number of bundles per file of chloroplasts fell from 5.2 in controls to 2.0 in growing cells and 3.4 in nongrowing cells. These structural effects seem more likely than the streaming inhibition to reflect cytochalasin's in vitro effect of blocking extension at the barbed but not the pointed end of F-actin. In particular, cytochalasin inhibited the extension into the wound of bundles in which only the barbed ends of filaments would be exposed. However, short lengths of isolated bundles grew within the wound and bundle growth in the intact cell continued, albeit in modified form. It is suggested that these examples of continuing bundle growth involve cytochalasin-resistant mechanisms that are not wholly dependent on barbed-end filament growth.
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Biquard, Olivier, Brian Collier, Oscar García-Prada, and Domingo Toledo. "Arakelov–Milnor inequalities and maximal variations of Hodge structure." Compositio Mathematica 159, no. 5 (2023): 1005–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x23007157.
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In this paper we study the $\mathbb {C}^*$ -fixed points in moduli spaces of Higgs bundles over a compact Riemann surface for a complex semisimple Lie group and its real forms. These fixed points are called Hodge bundles and correspond to complex variations of Hodge structure. We introduce a topological invariant for Hodge bundles that generalizes the Toledo invariant appearing for Hermitian Lie groups. An important result of this paper is a bound on this invariant which generalizes the Milnor–Wood inequality for a Hodge bundle in the Hermitian case, and is analogous to the Arakelov inequalities of classical variations of Hodge structure. When the generalized Toledo invariant is maximal, we establish rigidity results for the associated variations of Hodge structure which generalize known rigidity results for maximal Higgs bundles and their associated maximal representations in the Hermitian case.
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Nitin, P. Meshram* and Kishor S. Janbandhu. "HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF INTERSTITIAL CELLS IN THE OVARIES OF BATS MEGADERMA LYRA LYRA AND ROUSETTUS LESCHENAULTI." Indian Journal of Medical Research and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, no. 2 (2017): 25–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.293796.
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Bats are the most diverse and successful group of mammals exhibiting many adaptive specializations.Chiroptera shows great variations in the reproductive stage, even the closely allied species exhibit different breeding habits. It is important to study the reproductive organ that is ovary in respect with the interstitial cells, because the interstitial cells with the help of LH of pituitary produce a hormone androgen. That means interstitial tissues are developed as a gland having steroidogenic activity. The immature ovary of Megaderma lyra lyra showed the small bundles of few interstitial cells in stromal region. In inactive ovary of Megaderma lyra lyra, interstitial cell bundles observed 48 ± 5 and number of interstitial cells observed in each bundle are 5 to 9. In the active ovary of Megaderma lyra lyra the bundles of interstitial cells observed 56 ± 5. Number of interstitial cells in each bundle in Megaderma lyra lyra observed 10 to 20. Pregnant ovary of Megaderma lyra lyra showed extroverted carpus luteum, atretic follicles and destructed interstitial cells. In the immature ovary of Rousettus leschenaulti numerous interstitial cells observed in the stromal region. In the inactive ovary of Rousettus leschenaulti, interstitial cell bundles observed 41 ± 5 and number of interstitial cells observed in each bundle are 5 to 7. In active ovary of Rousettus leschenaulti the bundles of interstitial cells observed 47 ± 5. And number of interstitial cells observed in each bundle are 5 to 10, So it is concluded that the interstitial cells in the active ovary is more steroidogenic than inactive ovary
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Sathyakam, P. Uma, P. S. Mallick, and Paridhi Singh. "Geometry-Based Crosstalk Reduction in CNT Interconnects." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 06 (2019): 2050094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500942.
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This paper proposes novel triangular cross-sectioned geometry of carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles for crosstalk and delay reduction in CNT bundle interconnects for VLSI circuits. First, we formulate the equivalent single conductor (ESC) transmission line models of the interconnects. Through SPICE analysis of the ESC circuits, we find the propagation delays of the proposed CNT bundles. Next, we model the capacitively coupled interconnects for crosstalk analysis. It is found that the coupling capacitance of triangular CNT bundle is 29% lesser than the traditionally used square CNT bundles. Further, the crosstalk-induced delay of triangular interconnects is found to be 30% lesser when compared to square bundle interconnects. The reduction in delay is found to increase as the number of CNTs in the bundle increases. So, we suggest that triangular CNT bundles are the most suitable candidates as global interconnects.
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Barr-Gillespie, Peter-G. "Assembly of hair bundles, an amazing problem for cell biology." Molecular Biology of the Cell 26, no. 15 (2015): 2727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e14-04-0940.
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The hair bundle—the sensory organelle of inner-ear hair cells of vertebrates—exemplifies the ability of a cell to assemble complex, elegant structures. Proper construction of the bundle is required for proper mechanotransduction in response to external forces and to transmit information about sound and movement. Bundles contain tightly controlled numbers of actin-filled stereocilia, which are arranged in defined rows of precise heights. Indeed, many deafness mutations that disable hair-cell cytoskeletal proteins also disrupt bundles. Bundle assembly is a tractable problem in molecular and cellular systems biology; the sequence of structural changes in stereocilia is known, and a modest number of proteins may be involved.
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Krishnan, Ramesh Kumar, Raju Baskar, Bakhrat Anna, et al. "Recapitulating Actin Module Organization in the Drosophila Oocyte Reveals New Roles for Bristle-Actin-Modulating Proteins." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (2021): 4006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084006.
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The generation of F-actin bundles is controlled by the action of actin-binding proteins. In Drosophila bristle development, two major actin-bundling proteins—Forked and Fascin—were identified, but still the molecular mechanism by which these actin-bundling proteins and other proteins generate bristle actin bundles is unknown. In this study, we developed a technique that allows recapitulation of bristle actin module organization using the Drosophila ovary by a combination of confocal microscopy, super-resolution structured illumination microscopy, and correlative light and electron microscope analysis. Since Forked generated a distinct ectopic network of actin bundles in the oocyte, the additive effect of two other actin-associated proteins, namely, Fascin and Javelin (Jv), was studied. We found that co-expression of Fascin and Forked demonstrated that the number of actin filaments within the actin bundles dramatically increased, and in their geometric organization, they resembled bristle-like actin bundles. On the other hand, co-expression of Jv with Forked increased the length and density of the actin bundles. When all three proteins co-expressed, the actin bundles were longer and denser, and contained a high number of actin filaments in the bundle. Thus, our results demonstrate that the Drosophila oocyte could serve as a test tube for actin bundle analysis.
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Pop-Vicas, Aurora E., Cybele Lara R. Abad, Fay Osman, Kelsey Baubie, and Nasia Safdar. "1245. Does Complexity of Infection Prevention Bundles Matter in Colorectal Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1108.
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Abstract Background Surgical site infection (SSI) prevention bundles in colorectal surgery are common. The optimal bundle composition and impact of increasingly complex and resource-intensive bundled interventions on SSI remain unclear. Methods (1) A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and observational trials with pre-post implementation data for colorectal SSI prevention bundles to study their effect on superficial, deep, and organ-space SSI. (2) A meta-regression to determine whether the bundle size (number of different bundle elements) affects SSI. (3) A correlation analysis to identify individual bundle elements with greatest SSI reduction. We used the METAN, METAEFF, and METAREG packages in STATA SE 15 for analysis. Results We included 38 studies in the systematic review, and 29 studies (49,589 patients) in the meta-analysis. Bundle composition was highly variable, ranging from 3 – 13 guideline-recommended elements per bundle. Meta-analyses showed bundles to be associated with relative risk reductions of 43% for any SSI (RR 0.57 [95% CI 0.48–0.67]; 44% for superficial SSI (RR 0.56 [95% CI 0.42–0.75]; 33% for deep SSI (RR 0.67 [95% CI 0.45–0.98], and 37% for organ/space SSI (RR 0.63 [95% CI 0.49 – 0.81]). On meta-regression, bundle size, especially ≥10 elements, was significantly associated with SSI reduction for any SSI (P = 0.04) and for superficial SSI (P = 0.005). Individual bundle elements correlated with strongest SSI reductions were mechanical bowel prep combined with oral antibiotics (R = −0.68, P = 0.0028) and pre-operative chlorhexidine showers (R = −0.49, P = 0.04) for organ/space SSI. Protocols including separate instrument trays and glove ± gown change prior to surgical wound closure (R = −0.55, P = 0.009), and standardized postoperative wound dressing change at 48 hours (R = −30.59, P = 0.005) correlated with highest superficial SSI reductions. Conclusion Complex colorectal bundles with ≥10 clinical guideline-recommended prevention elements are associated with higher reductions in any SSI and in superficial SSI. Further research should evaluate how complex SSI prevention colorectal bundles can be implemented and sustained with high fidelity in the clinical setting in a cost-effective manner. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Rybolt, Thomas, and Heir Jordan. "Interactions and Binding Energies in Carbon Nanotube Bundles." Applied Nano 2, no. 2 (2021): 128–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applnano2020011.
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On any size scale, it is important to know how strongly structural components are held together. The purpose of this work was to develop a means to estimate the collective binding energy holding together a bundle of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Carbon nanotubes in isolation and in bundles have unique and useful properties and applications within supramolecular structures and nanotechnology. Equations were derived to represent the total number of pairwise interactions between the CNTs found in various size and shape bundles. The shapes considered included diamond, hexagon, parallelogram, and rectangle. Parameters were used to characterize the size of a bundle for each defined shape. Force field molecular modeling was used to obtain the total bundle binding energies for a number of sample bundles. From the number of interactions per bundle, the binding energy per interaction was determined. This process was repeated for armchair CNTs having a range of length and circumference values. A simple equation described the interaction energy based on the length and circumference of the component armchair type nanotubes. When combined with the bundle shape and size parameters, the total bundle binding energy could be found. Comparison with whole bundle molecular mechanics calculations showed our formula-based approach to be effective.
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Kobiyama, M. "Reduction of Computing Time and Improvement of Convergence Stability of the Monte Carlo Method Applied to Radiative Heat Transfer With Variable Properties." Journal of Heat Transfer 111, no. 1 (1989): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250634.
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A modified Monte Carlo method is suggested to reduce the computing time and improve the convergence stability of iterative calculations without losing other excellent features of the conventional Monte Carlo method. In this method, two kinds of radiative bundle are used: energy correcting bundles and property correcting bundles. The energy correcting bundles are used for correcting the radiative energy difference between two successive iterative cycles, and the property correcting bundles are used for correcting the radiative properties. The number of radiative energy bundles emitted from each control element is proportional to the difference in emissive energy between two successive iterative cycles.
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Budnik, Pavel, Ilya Shegelman, and Vyacheslav Baklagin. "Variability of forwarder truckload parameters in the Pryazha forestry division of the Republic of Karelia (Russia): A computer experiment." Central European Forestry Journal 66, no. 1 (2020): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/forj-2019-0027.
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AbstractThe goal of the present research is to analyze parameters of a bundle of logs for various models of forwarders in the Pryazha division of forestry of the Republic of Karelia. The investigated parameters were mass and volume of a bundle of logs, stacking factor of the bundle and the number of wood assortments in the bundle. The following models of forwarders have been investigated: John Deere 1210E, John Deere 1110E, Ponsse Elk, Ponsse Wisent, Amkodor 2661-01, Rottne F13D, Rottne F15D, Rottne F18D. We estimated the parameters of bundles formed from spruce sawlog 6.1 m long and bundles formed from spruce pulpwood 4 m long. Data on stem forms from harvester recorders have been collected to assess the parameters of a bundle of logs. Parameters of bundles have been determined based on computer experiment. The experiment consists of the following steps: random selection of the stem from the database; simulation of the cut-to-length process; simulation of log stacking process; calculation of parameters of a bundle of logs. We found that parameters of bundles vary to a quite substantial extent. Average variability of a bundle of logs formed of 6.1 m long spruce sawlog is 4.5 t, variability of the volume is 5.8 m3, and variability of the number of wood assortments in a bundle is 49 pcs. For a bundle made up of 4 m long spruce pulpwood variability of mass is on average 2.8 t, that of volume – 2.09 m3, that of the number of wood assortments – 57 pc. The presented results can inform transportation of wood on cutting areas, planning timber harvesting, as well as development new logging machines.
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Sathyakam, P. Uma, Paridhi Singh, Priyamanga Bhardwaj, and P. S. Mallick. "Geometry Induced Crosstalk Reduction in CNT Interconnects for VLSI Circuits." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 8 (2018): 5778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12195.
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This paper proposes novel triangular cross sectioned geometry of carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles for crosstalk and hence, delay reduction in CNT bundle interconnects for VLSI circuits. We formulate the equivalent single conductor (ESC) transmission line models of the interconnects and show that the coupling capacitance of triangular bundle is 29% lesser than the traditionally used square bundles of carbon nanotube interconnects. We further simulate the proposed ESC models of capacitively coupled CNT bundle interconnects using Smart SPICE and find that the crosstalk induced delay of triangular interconnects is 30% lesser as compared to square bundle interconnects. The reduction in delay is found to increase as the number of CNTs increase in the bundle. From these results, we suggest that triangle cross-sectioned CNT bundles are the most suitable candidates as global interconnects.
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Deeb, Rawad. "Flow and heat transfer characteristics of staggered mixed circular and drop-shaped tube bundle." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 6 (2022): 065126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090732.
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The purpose of this study is to clarify heat transfer and fluid flow behavior across six-row mixed tube bundles. The tube bundle consists of circular and drop-shaped cross sections in a staggered arrangement. The Reynolds number Re for the flow is varied from 1.78 × 103 to 18.72 × 103. Six cases of the mixed tube bundle were considered. The results of the mixed tube bundles were compared with those of the circular (case I) and drop-shaped ones (case II). The Ansys Fluent software package was utilized to predict the flow pattern over the tube bundles. The results of the numerical simulation showed that the cross-sectional shape of the tubes and their location in the bundle significantly affect the heat transfer and pressure drop in the bundle. Case IV (circular tubes in the first, third, and fifth rows and drop-shaped tubes in the second, fourth, and sixth rows) increases the average Nusselt number [Formula: see text] by about 1.11%–8.10% and 47.86%–49.04% compared to that of the circular and drop-shaped tube bundles, respectively. Case VII (drop-shaped tubes in the first, second, fourth, and sixth rows and circular tubes in the third and fourth rows) has the lowest friction factor [Formula: see text] compared to the other cases of circular and mixed tube bundles. Moreover, the maximum values of the thermal–hydraulic performance [Formula: see text] were achieved for case IV at Re = 1.78 × 103 and the case VII at Re >1.78 × 103, which were about 14.55% and (2.08–4.49)%, respectively, higher than those obtained for the drop-shaped tube bundle. Generalized correlations of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for the studied mixed tube bundles were predicted.
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Almeida, C., M. Jardim, A. S. Tikhomirov, and S. A. Tikhomirov. "New moduli components of rank 2 bundles on projective space." Sbornik: Mathematics 212, no. 11 (2021): 1503–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/sm9490.
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Abstract We present a new family of monads whose cohomology is a stable rank 2 vector bundle on . We also study the irreducibility and smoothness together with a geometrical description of some of these families. These facts are used to construct a new infinite series of rational moduli components of stable rank 2 vector bundles with trivial determinant and growing second Chern class. We also prove that the moduli space of stable rank 2 vector bundles with trivial determinant and second Chern class equal to 5 has exactly three irreducible rational components. Bibliography: 40 titles.
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Qu, Yuxin. "DTI Tractography." Theoretical and Natural Science 44, no. 1 (2024): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240441.
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The DTI technology used to observe the Nerve fascicle - Nerve fascicle imaging was also discussed in detail. Two types of deterministic and probabilistic traction imaging were compared from effectiveness and computational efficiency perspectives. Then an experimental study was conducted using different software to compare the fiber bundles of the subjects brain and the normal brain and to evaluate the impact of different angle thresholds on the number of observable fiber bundles. Research has confirmed that the subjects whole brain fiber bundle imaging reconstruction was successful, and there was no significant difference compared to the normal brain fiber bundle. The study also found a specific quantitative relationship between the angle threshold and the number of fiber bundles. This experiment also explored the differences in connectivity strength between the brain regions of the left and right brains and their significance.
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YILDIZ, Mustafa. "COMPARISON OF LEXICAL BUNDLES IN DISSERTATIONS CATEGORIZED BASED ON ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES." Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi 13, no. 2 (2023): 936–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1245616.
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The present study aims to compare PhD dissertations, written by Turkish postgraduate students learning English as a foreign language, categorized based on the academic disciplines, in terms of the use of 4-word lexical bundles. To retrieve recurrent lexical bundles and to make their structural and functional analysis, various disciplines are grouped under two separate groups based on the academic fields such as hard and soft sciences. Also, English-major and non-English-major disciplines are compared to each other to see the variation in use of lexical bundles across disciplines. The findings reveal that ELT dissertations, representative of English-major disciplines, have three and four times as many lexical bundles as the dissertations written in the academic fields of soft and hard sciences, respectively. However, the academic fields produce almost the same number of lexical bundle types, suggesting that soft and hard sciences do not show variation in use of 4-word lexical bundles. With regard to the structural analysis of lexical bundles, it is found that lexical bundles most frequently appear in the syntactic categories of noun phrases and prepositional phrases. As for the functional distribution of lexical bundles, the findings indicate that the vast number of lexical bundles in each group function to be referential expressions
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M. Al-Muhe, Riyadh, and Mahmmod S. Abdul-Wahid. "Study of the Protein Patterns under the Effect of Spraying with Moringa Plant Extract and Potassium Silicate for Banana Obtained from Tissue Culture Musa spp." Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences 12, no. 1 (2024): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22194/jgias/12.1126.
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The field experiment was conducted in one of the greenhouses affiliated with the College of Agriculture and Marshes - University of Thi-Qar during the growing season 2022-2023 on banana seedlings, the Grand Nine variety, to know the effect of Moringa extract and potassium silicate on the protein patterns of seedlings. The study included two factors. The first factor was spraying with an extract. Moringa leaves in four concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15) g L-1, the second factor: spraying with potassium silicate in four concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3) ml L-1, the first spraying appointment was at an interval of ten days between one spray and another, by 6 sprays, the experiment was applied according to the complete random design (C.R.D) with three replications. The results for the protein patterns were as follows. All treatments participated in the presence of two protein bundles that shared the same molecular weight as the first protein bundle, which amounted to 143.724 kDa. It also shared the same molecular weight as the second protein bundle, which recorded a molecular weight of 93.595 kDa. It gave four protein bundles in the comparison treatment and five protein bundles. Only for all treatments of Moringa extract and all potassium silicate treatments with molecular weights ranging between 7.619-15.465 kDa, and when the interaction between Moringa extract at a concentration of 5g L-1 with all concentrations of potassium silicate caused an increase in the number of protein bundles to six bundles whose molecular weights ranged between 7.857-8.862 kDa, as for the interaction between Moringa extract at two concentrations of 10 and 15 g L-1 with all potassium silicate concentrations (except for concentration 3 ml L-1), it caused an increase in the number of protein bundles to seven, with molecular weights ranging between 7.698-8.254 kDa. While the interaction between Moringa extract 15 g L-1 and potassium silicate at a concentration of 3 ml L-1 caused an increase in the number of protein bundles to eight bundles with different molecular weights, the molecular weight of the eighth bundle was 7.619 kDa.
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Tilney, Lewis G., Patricia S. Connelly, Kelly A. Vranich, Michael K. Shaw, and Gregory M. Guild. "Regulation of Actin Filament Cross-linking and Bundle Shape in Drosophila Bristles." Journal of Cell Biology 148, no. 1 (2000): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.148.1.87.
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Previous studies demonstrate that in developing Drosophila bristles, two cross-linking proteins are required sequentially to bundle the actin filaments that support elongating bristle cells. The forked protein initiates the process and facilitates subsequent cross-linking by fascin. Using cross-linker–specific antibodies, mutants, and drugs we show that fascin and actin are present in excessive amounts throughout bundle elongation. In contrast, the forked cross-linker is limited throughout bundle formation, and accordingly, regulates bundle size and shape. We also show that regulation of cross-linking by phosphorylation can affect bundle size. Specifically, inhibition of phosphorylation by staurosporine results in a failure to form large bundles if added during bundle formation, and leads to a loss of cross-linking by fascin if added after the bundles form. Interestingly, inhibition of dephosphorylation by okadaic acid results in the separation of the actin bundles from the plasma membrane. We further show by thin section electron microscopy analysis of mutant and wild-type bristles that the amount of material that connects the actin bundles to the plasma membrane is also limited throughout bristle elongation. Therefore, overall bundle shape is determined by the number of actin filaments assembled onto the limited area provided by the connector material. We conclude that assembly of actin bundles in Drosophila bristles is controlled in part by the controlled availability of a single cross-linking protein, forked, and in part by controlled phosphorylation of cross-links and membrane actin connector proteins.
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Abdel, Radi Abdel Rahman Abdel Gadir Abdel Rahman, Hassan Mohammed Eldaw Asmaa, and Hassan Elzain Ageeb Anoud. "THE CONNECTION ON FIBER BUNDLES." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER RESEARCH 10, no. 07 (2022): 2801–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6826617.
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A connection is a device that defines the concept of parallel transport on a bundle, that is identifies fibers over nearby points. Fiber bundles form are the natural mathematical framework for the gauge filed theories. Also affine connection is the most elementary type of connection, a means of parallel transfer of tangent vectors on a manifold from one point to another. In any manifold with a positive dimension there is an infinite number of the affine connection; junctions are among the simplest methods to determine the differentiation of sections of vector bundles. Our goal in this paper is to identify the concept of connection in fiber bundles. We followed the analytical historical mathematical method and we found that the connection on the fiber bundle is a smooth distribution over the total bundle area, which is of central importance in modern geometry and leads to appropriate formulas for geometry constants.
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Rowe, M. H., and E. H. Peterson. "Autocorrelation Analysis of Hair Bundle Structure in the Utricle." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 5 (2006): 2653–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00565.2006.
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The ability of hair bundles to signal head movements and sounds depends significantly on their structure, but a quantitative picture of bundle structure has proved elusive. The problem is acute for vestibular organs because their hair bundles exhibit complex morphologies that vary with endorgan, hair cell type, and epithelial locus. Here we use autocorrelation analysis to quantify stereociliary arrays (the number, spacing, and distribution of stereocilia) on hair cells of the turtle utricle. Our first goal was to characterize zonal variation across the macula, from medial extrastriola, through striola, to lateral extrastriola. This is important because it may help explain zonal variation in response dynamics of utricular hair cells and afferents. We also use known differences in type I and II bundles to estimate array characteristics of these two hair cell types. Our second goal was to quantify variation in array orientation at single macular loci and use this to estimate directional tuning in utricular afferents. Our major findings are that, of the features measured, array width is the most distinctive feature of striolar bundles, and within the striola there are significant, negatively correlated gradients in stereocilia number and spacing that parallel gradients in bundle heights. Together with previous results on stereocilia number and bundle heights, our results support the hypothesis that striolar hair cells are specialized to signal high-frequency/acceleration head movements. Finally, there is substantial variation in bundle orientation at single macular loci that may help explain why utricular afferents respond to stimuli orthogonal to their preferred directions.
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Cahyadi, Jimmy, Burhanuddin Ihsan, and Asrullah Asrullah. "PERBEDAAN JUMLAH IKAT BIBIT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN RUMPUT LAUT (Kappaphycus alvarezii) MENGGUNAKAN METODE LONG LINE PANTAI AMAL KOTA TARAKAN." Jurnal Borneo Saintek 6, no. 1 (2023): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35334/borneo_saintek.v6i1.4202.
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Seaweed is one of the fisheries commodities that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. The cultivation of seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) in the Coastal Waters of Amal Baru, Tarakan City, is traditionally done using the longline method. The gillnet method is the most used method by seaweed farmers because it is flexible in choosing locations and relatively inexpensive. The research aims to determine the difference in the number of seaweed seedlings on the absolute and specific growth rates. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Treatment P1 (1 bundle), P2 (2 bundles), P3 (3 bundles), and P4 (4 bundles). The results showed that the growth of seaweed seedlings with different numbers of bundles influenced absolute and specific growth rates. The best treatment was found in treatment P4 with an average absolute growth rate of 80.00% and an average specific growth rate of 100%.
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Miranda-Neto, Cleto B. "A family of reflexive vector bundles of reduction number one." MATHEMATICA SCANDINAVICA 124, no. 2 (2019): 188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/math.scand.a-111889.
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A difficult issue in modern commutative algebra asks for examples of modules (more interestingly, reflexive vector bundles) having prescribed reduction number $r\geq 1$. The problem is even subtler if in addition we are interested in good properties for the Rees algebra. In this note we consider the case $r=1$. Precisely, we show that the module of logarithmic vector fields of the Fermat divisor of any degree in projective $3$-space is a reflexive vector bundle of reduction number $1$ and Gorenstein Rees ring.
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Gudienė, Devika, Angelija Valančiūtė, and Juozas Vėlavičius. "Collagen network changes in basilar artery in aging." Medicina 43, no. 12 (2007): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina43120126.
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Objective. The aim of this study was to examine and evaluate morphometrically age-related changes in collagen network in the tunica media of human basilar artery. Materials and methods. Histological analysis of the basilar arteries obtained from 89 individuals, aged 20 to 85 years, was performed. The study has been carried out by standard histological technique; histological samples were stained with picrosirius red. Detailed quantitative analysis of collagen bundle network in the tunica media of basilar artery was performed. Results. We analyzed collagen network area, perimeter and number of collagen bundles in the tunica media of the basilar artery. After investigation of age-related changes in collagen network area in men and women, we determined that in both genders collagen network area in the tunica media of the basilar artery increased with age. Analyzing the perimeter and number of collagen bundles in both genders by different age groups, it was found that they decreased with age. We found a statistically significant correlation between all the measured parameters and the age. Conclusions. The area of collagen bundles increased, the number and perimeter of collagen bundles decreased with age in both genders in the tunica media of human basilar artery. While aging, the structure of collagen bundle network became less branchy, collagen fibers merged, their cross section area enlarged.
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Choe, Insong, and G. H. Hitching. "A stratification on the moduli spaces of symplectic and orthogonal bundles over a curve." International Journal of Mathematics 25, no. 05 (2014): 1450047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x14500475.
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A symplectic or orthogonal bundle V of rank 2n over a curve has an invariant t(V) which measures the maximal degree of its isotropic subbundles of rank n. This invariant t defines stratifications on moduli spaces of symplectic and orthogonal bundles. We study this stratification by relating it to another one given by secant varieties in certain extension spaces. We give a sharp upper bound on t(V), which generalizes the classical Nagata bound for ruled surfaces and the Hirschowitz bound for vector bundles, and study the structure of the stratifications on the moduli spaces. In particular, we compute the dimension of each stratum. We give a geometric interpretation of the number of maximal Lagrangian subbundles of a general symplectic bundle, when this is finite. We also observe some interesting features of orthogonal bundles which do not arise for symplectic bundles, essentially due to the richer topological structure of the moduli space in the orthogonal case.
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Bruzzo, Ugo, and Vitantonio Peragine. "Semistable Higgs bundles on elliptic surfaces." Advances in Geometry 22, no. 2 (2022): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/advgeom-2021-0043.
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Abstract We analyze Higgs bundles (V, ϕ) on a class of elliptic surfaces π : X → B, whose underlying vector bundle V has vertical determinant and is fiberwise semistable. We prove that if the spectral curve of V is reduced, then the Higgs field ϕ is vertical, while if the bundle V is fiberwise regular with reduced (respectively, integral) spectral curve, and if its rank and second Chern number satisfy an inequality involving the genus of B and the degree of the fundamental line bundle of π (respectively, if the fundamental line bundle is sufficiently ample), then ϕ is scalar. We apply these results to the problem of characterizing slope-semistable Higgs bundles with vanishing discriminant on the class of elliptic surfaces considered, in terms of the semistability of their pull-backs via maps from arbitrary (smooth, irreducible, complete) curves to X.
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Khalatov, А. А., І. І. Borisov, G. Kovalenko, and M. Muliarchuk. "APPLICATION OF DIMPLES AND HELICAL GROOVES ON THE OUTTER SURFACE OF TUBES TO INCREASE THERMAL-HYDRAULIC EFFICIENCY OF TUBE BUNDLES AT CROSS FLOW." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 46, no. 3 (2022): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.3.2022.11.
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The flow structure and thermo-hydraulic efficiency of cross flow of tube bundles with dimples and helical grooves have been analyzed. The Reynolds number range (103-104) was typical for industrial heat exсhangers. It was found that dimples and grooves decrease scientifically the cylinder wake area and reduces the hydraulic losses. The heat transfer augmentation in five-row tube bundle by dimples is 35-40% while pressure drop increase by 10-15%. The hydraulic resistance of two-row bundle of tube with helical grooves is 20% lower than that of a smooth tube bundle, while heat transfer augmentation is absent. The value of Reynolds analogy factor for tube bundles with dimples and helical grooves exceeds unity. The high thermo-hydraulic efficiency of tube bundles with dimples and helical grooves, allows us to recommend it for practical use in the development of modern heat exchange equipment of the tubular type.
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Castorena, Abel, Alberto López Martín, and Montserrat Teixidor i Bigas. "Petri map for vector bundles near good bundles." Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 222, no. 7 (2018): 1692–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpaa.2017.07.018.
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Gonser, M., C. Keller, J. Hansen, and R. Weigel. "Development of a multiport test bench and systematic measurements of cable bundles for automotive EMC tests." Advances in Radio Science 8 (October 1, 2010): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-8-203-2010.
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Abstract. In this paper the development of a cable bundle test bench is described and exemplary results of the systematic measurement of cable bundles for automotive EMC tests are presented. The test bench consists of particularly developed adapter boxes and switch matrices, which allow together with a network analyzer to perform a network analysis with up to 32 ports and up to 1 GHz. Calibration and deembedding procedures are described and validated. Cable bundles that are characteristic to automotive EMC tests are investigated with respect to the number of wires within the cable bundle, the class of the cable bundle and the type of wires.
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Morton, Katherine, Emily Sanderson, Padraig Dixon, et al. "Care bundles to reduce re-admissions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a mixed-methods study." Health Services and Delivery Research 7, no. 21 (2019): 1–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr07210.
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BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the commonest respiratory disease in the UK, accounting for 10% of emergency hospital admissions annually. Nearly one-third of patients are re-admitted within 28 days of discharge.ObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of introducing standardised packages of care (i.e. care bundles) as a means of improving hospital care and reducing re-admissions for COPD.DesignA mixed-methods evaluation with a controlled before-and-after design.ParticipantsAdults admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of COPD in England and Wales.InterventionCOPD care bundles.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was re-admission to hospital within 28 days of discharge. The study investigated secondary outcomes including length of stay, total number of bed-days, in-hospital mortality, 90-day mortality, context, process and costs of care, and staff, patient and carer experience.Data sourcesRoutine NHS data, including numbers of COPD admissions and re-admissions, in-hospital mortality and length of stay data, were provided by 31 sites for 12 months before and after the intervention roll-out. Detailed pseudo-anonymised data on care during admission were collected from a subset of 14 sites, in addition to information about delivery of individual components of care collected from random samples of medical records at each location. Six case study sites provided data from interviews, observation and documentary review to explore implementation, engagement and perceived impact on delivery of care.ResultsThere is no evidence that care bundles reduced 28-day re-admission rates for COPD. All-cause re-admission rates, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, total number of bed-days, and re-admission and mortality rates in the 90 days following discharge were similar at implementation and comparator sites, as were resource utilisation, NHS secondary care costs and cost-effectiveness of care. However, the rate of emergency department (ED) attendances decreased more in implementation sites than in comparator sites {implementation: incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56 to 0.70]; comparator: IRR 1.14 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.26) interactionp < 0.001}. Admission bundles appear to be more complex to implement than discharge bundles, with 3.7% of comparator patients receiving all five admission bundle elements, compared with 7.6% of patients in implementation sites, and 28.3% of patients in implementation sites receiving all five discharge bundle elements, compared with 0.8% of patients in the comparator sites. Although patients and carers were unaware that care was bundled, staff view bundles positively, as they help to standardise working practices, support a clear care pathway for patients, facilitate communication between clinicians and identify post-discharge support.LimitationsThe observational nature of the study design means that secular trends and residual confounding cannot be discounted as potential sources of any observed between-site differences. The availability of data from some sites was suboptimal.ConclusionsCare bundles are valued by health-care professionals, but were challenging to implement and there was a blurring of the distinction between the implementation and comparator groups, which may have contributed to the lack of effect on re-admissions and mortality. Care bundles do appear to be associated with a reduced number of subsequent ED attendances, but care bundles are unlikely to be cost-effective for COPD.Future workA longitudinal study using implementation science methodology could provide more in-depth insights into the implementation of care bundles.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN13022442.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full inHealth Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 7, No. 21. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Guo, Shangjing, Guoliang Zhou, Jinglu Wang, et al. "High-Throughput Phenotyping Accelerates the Dissection of the Phenotypic Variation and Genetic Architecture of Shank Vascular Bundles in Maize (Zea mays L.)." Plants 11, no. 10 (2022): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11101339.
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The vascular bundle of the shank is an important ‘flow’ organ for transforming maize biological yield to grain yield, and its microscopic phenotypic characteristics and genetic analysis are of great significance for promoting the breeding of new varieties with high yield and good quality. In this study, shank CT images were obtained using the standard process for stem micro-CT data acquisition at resolutions up to 13.5 μm. Moreover, five categories and 36 phenotypic traits of the shank including related to the cross-section, epidermis zone, periphery zone, inner zone and vascular bundle were analyzed through an automatic CT image process pipeline based on the functional zones. Next, we analyzed the phenotypic variations in vascular bundles at the base of the shank among a group of 202 inbred lines based on comprehensive phenotypic information for two environments. It was found that the number of vascular bundles in the inner zone (IZ_VB_N) and the area of the inner zone (IZ_A) varied the most among the different subgroups. Combined with genome-wide association studies (GWAS), 806 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, and 1245 unique candidate genes for 30 key traits were detected, including the total area of vascular bundles (VB_A), the total number of vascular bundles (VB_N), the density of the vascular bundles (VB_D), etc. These candidate genes encode proteins involved in lignin, cellulose synthesis, transcription factors, material transportation and plant development. The results presented here will improve the understanding of the phenotypic traits of maize shank and provide an important phenotypic basis for high-throughput identification of vascular bundle functional genes of maize shank and promoting the breeding of new varieties with high yield and good quality.
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Li, Liang, Margaret Franken, and Shaoqun Wu. "Chinese Postgraduates’ Explanation of the Sources of Sentence Initial Bundles in their Thesis Writing." RELC Journal 50, no. 1 (2018): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033688217750641.
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Lexical bundles, recurrent multiword combinations in a register, are extremely common and important discourse building blocks in academic writing. An increasing number of studies have investigated lexical bundles in academic writing in recent years, but few studies have explored L2 learners’ interpretations of their own bundle production, particularly sentence initial bundle production. Investigating the sources that have appeared to influence learners’ choices and knowledge of bundles is important as it complements what we know about the structural and functional features of lexical bundles and provides useful first-hand information for second language writing pedagogy. The present study interviewed five Chinese postgraduate students to probe possible reasons for their use of the typical sentence initial bundles identified in the self-built Chinese Masters and PhD thesis corpora. The interviews revealed diverse explanations including interlingual transfer, classroom learning, noticing in reading, a lack of rhetorical confidence, and misunderstanding of rhetorical conventions. The results suggest the need for raising students’ awareness of the common sentence starters in postgraduate academic writing, increasing their confidence as student writers, familiarizing them with rhetorical conventions, and incorporating effective corpus-based tools into pedagogical practices.
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Wang, Pinqin. "A preliminary exploration of brain fiber bundle reconstruction and its influencing factors based on diffusion tensor imaging." Theoretical and Natural Science 45, no. 1 (2024): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240663.
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This paper focuses on the methods and progress of brain fiber bundle construction based on diffusion tensor imaging data, and conducts a preliminary exploration of the construction results. The study is based on 45 subjects in the public database, using different software to construct nerve fiber bundles for comparison, calculating the number of fiber bundle tracking under different parameters, and finally conducting a t-test on the fiber bundle connection strength of the left and right brain. The nerve fibers constructed by different software are relatively consistent and also consistent with human brain nerve fibers. A more relaxed length threshold will increase the number of fiber tracking, and as the angle threshold increases, the number of fiber tracking will first increase and then decrease. There are differences in the connection strength of the left and right brain. This preliminary study provides a foundation for further exploring brain connectivity and analyzing differences between individuals or patient groups. While the fiber bundles constructed matched expectations, more validation is needed against post-mortem dissections or other imaging techniques. Additionally, expanding the study to include more subjects and analyzing specific fiber bundles or regions could provide more detailed insights. The methods and parameters evaluated in this work help establish best practices for fiber tracking and analyzing connectivity strength metrics. With refinement, such fiber bundle analysis tools may help researchers better understand structural brain networks and differences related to development, aging or disease.
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Liu, Lu, Sicheng Wang, Dawei Wang, Dajun Fan, and Long Gu. "Large Eddy Simulation of the Inlet Cross-Flow in the CiADS Heat Exchanger Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method." Sustainability 15, no. 19 (2023): 14627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914627.
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The liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is the coolant of the heat exchanger in China initiative Accelerator Driven System, which may have a risk of structural failure due to the washout of the coolant in the inlet of the heat exchanger. It is necessary to study the mechanical properties of the heat exchanger bundles of CiADS, especially the fatigue life of the bundle structure in the transverse flow of the LBE. The numerical simulation is the Lattice Boltzmann method combined with the large eddy simulation by Python codes. The velocity distribution of the flow field and the time domain characteristics of the heat exchanger bundles’ force are calculated, and the frequency domain characteristics of the heat exchanger bundles’ vibration are obtained by Fourier transform. The bundles vibrate at high cycle fatigue in turbulent flow at high Reynolds number. The transverse flow of LBE does not affect the fatigue life of the bundle. No structural failure occurs in the CiADS heat exchanger due to the transverse flow of LBE.
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Teo, Aaron, James R. Guest, Mei Lin Neo, Kareen Vicentuan, and Peter A. Todd. "Quantification of coral sperm collected during a synchronous spawning event." PeerJ 4 (July 14, 2016): e2180. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2180.
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Most studies of coral reproductive biology to date have focused on oocyte numbers and sizes. Only one (ex situ) study has enumerated sperm numbers, even though these data have multiple potential applications. We quantified total coral sperm and eggs per gamete bundle collected from six speciesin situduring a synchronous spawning event in Singapore. Egg-sperm bundles were captured midwater as they floated towards the surface after being released by the colony. For each sample, a semi-transparent soft plastic bottle was squeezed and released to create a small suction force that was used to ‘catch’ the bundles. This technique provided several advantages over traditional methods, including low cost, ease of use, no diving prior to the night of collection needed, and the ability to target specific areas of the colony. The six species sampled wereEchinophyllia aspera,Favites abdita,F. chinensis,Merulina ampliata, M. scabriculaandPlatygyra pini. The mean number of sperm packaged within one egg-sperm bundle ranged from 2.04 × 106to 1.93 × 107. The mean number of eggs per egg-sperm bundle ranged from 26.67 (SE ± 3.27) to 85.33 (SE ± 17.79). These data are critical for fertilisation success models, but the collection technique described could also be applied to studies requiringin situspawning data at the polyp level.
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Morton, Katherine, Stephanie MacNeill, Emily Sanderson, et al. "Evaluation of ‘care bundles’ for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a multisite study in the UK." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 6, no. 1 (2019): e000425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000425.
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BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) accounts for 10% of emergency hospital admissions in the UK annually. Nearly 33% of patients are readmitted within 28 days of discharge. We evaluated the effectiveness of implementing standardised packages of care called ‘care bundles’ on COPD readmission, emergency department (ED) attendance, mortality, costs and process of care.MethodsThis is a mixed-methods, controlled before-and-after study with nested case studies. 31 acute hospitals in England and Wales which introduced COPD care bundles (implementation sites) or provided usual care (comparator sites) were recruited and provided monthly aggregate data. 14 sites provided additional individual patient data. Participants were adults admitted with an acute exacerbation of COPD.ResultsThere was no evidence that care bundles reduced 28-day COPD readmission rates: OR=1.02 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.26). However, the rate of ED attendance was reduced in implementation sites over and above that in comparator sites (implementation: IRR=0.63 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.71); comparator: IRR=1.12 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.24); group–time interaction p<0.001). At implementation sites, delivery of all bundle elements was higher but was only achieved in 2.2% (admissions bundle) and 7.6% (discharge bundle) of cases. There was no evidence of cost-effectiveness. Staff viewed bundles positively, believing they help standardise practice and facilitate communication between clinicians. However, they lacked skills in change management, leading to inconsistent implementation.DiscussionCOPD care bundles were not effectively implemented in this study. They were associated with a reduced number of subsequent ED attendances, but not with change in readmissions, mortality or reduced costs. This is unsurprising given the low level of bundle uptake in implementation sites, and it remains to be determined if COPD care bundles affect patient care and outcomes when they are effectively implemented.Trial registration numberISRCTN13022442.
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Howell, Bronwyn E., and Petrus H. Potgieter. "Bundles of trouble: Can competition law adapt to digital pricing innovation?" Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 19, no. 1-2 (2018): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1783591718801102.
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The burgeoning digital economy is characterized by bundled offers of goods and services, many with near-zero marginal cost, in highly concentrated markets often exhibiting competition ‘for the market’ and ‘winner-takes-all’ outcomes. Acceptable competitive behaviour in these markets likely differs substantially from that in markets for goods with standard economic characteristics. The suitability of current tools used to specify and enforce competition laws for governing commercial activity in a digital economy dominated by bundled offers is questionable. Classical market analysis focuses narrowly on individual product markets. In bundle product markets, quantitative econometric analysis becomes computationally intractable as the own- and cross-elasticities increase exponentially with the number of products in the bundle and providers in the market. Furthermore, classic econometric analysis cannot inform decisions in markets where bundles are yet to be offered. Simulation and numerical analysis of hypothetical scenarios under different consumer preferences and firm strategic choices offers another means of evaluating effects of intervention in specific circumstances. We illustrate using a model based on the (declined) proposed New Zealand merger between Sky Television and Vodafone and make recommendations for both theory and practice as to how simulation analysis can be used to complement more conventional competition analyses.
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Behr, Merlyn J., Helen A. Khoury, Guershon Harel, Thomas Post, and Richard Lesh. "Conceptual Units Analysis of Preservice Elementary School Teachers' Strategies on a Rational-Number-as-Operator Task." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 28, no. 1 (1997): 48–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.28.1.0048.
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This study explores preservice teachers' understanding of the operator construct of rational number. Three related problems, given in 1-on-1 clinical interviews, consisted of finding 3/4 of a pile of 8 bundles of 4 counting sticks. Problem conditions were suggestive of showing 3/4 of the number of bundles (duplicator/partition-reducer [DPR] subconstruct) and 3/4 of the size of each bundle (stretcher/shrinker [SS] subconstruct). This study provides confirming instances that students use these 2 rational number operator subconstructs. The SS strategies are identified when the rational number, as an operator, is distributed over a uniting operation. With these SS strategies, rational number is conceptualized as a rate. However, the SS strategies were used less often than the DPR strategies. Detailed cognitive models of these strategies in terms of the underlying conceptual units, their structures, and their modifications, were produced, and a “mathematics of quantity” notational system was used as an analytical tool to describe and model the embedded abstractions.
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Coluccio, L. M., and A. Bretscher. "Reassociation of microvillar core proteins: making a microvillar core in vitro." Journal of Cell Biology 108, no. 2 (1989): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.108.2.495.
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Intestinal epithelia have a brush border membrane of numerous microvilli each comprised of a cross-linked core bundle of 15-20 actin filaments attached to the surrounding membrane by lateral cross-bridges; the cross-bridges are tilted with respect to the core bundle. Isolated microvillar cores contain actin (42 kD) and three other major proteins: fimbrin (68 kD), villin (95 kD), and the 110K-calmodulin complex. The addition of ATP to detergent-treated isolated microvillar cores has previously been shown to result in loss of the lateral cross-bridges and a corresponding decrease in the amount of the 110-kD polypeptide and calmodulin associated with the core bundle. This provided the first evidence to suggest that these lateral cross-bridges to the membrane are comprised at least in part by a 110-kD polypeptide complexed with calmodulin. We now demonstrate that purified 110K-calmodulin complex can be readded to ATP-treated, stripped microvillar cores. The resulting bundles display the same helical and periodic arrangement of lateral bridges as is found in vivo. In reconstitution experiments, actin filaments incubated in EGTA with purified fimbrin and villin form smooth-sided bundles containing an apparently random number of filaments. Upon addition of 110K-calmodulin complex, the bundles, as viewed by electron microscopy of negatively stained images, display along their entire length helically arranged projections with the same 33-nm repeat of the lateral cross-bridges found on microvilli in vivo; these bridges likewise tilt relative to the bundle. Thus, reconstitution of actin filaments with fimbrin, villin, and the 110K-calmodulin complex results in structures remarkably similar to native microvillar cores. These data provide direct proof that the 110K-calmodulin is the cross-bridge protein and indicate that actin filaments bundled by fimbrin and villin are of uniform polarity and lie in register. The arrangement of the cross-bridge arms on the bundle is determined by the structure of the core filaments as fixed by fimbrin and villin; a contribution from the membrane is not required.
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Varolin, Dror. "A Takayama-type extension theorem." Compositio Mathematica 144, no. 2 (2008): 522–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x07002989.
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AbstractWe prove a theorem on the extension of holomorphic sections of powers of adjoint bundles from submanifolds of complex codimension 1 having non-trivial normal bundle. The first such result, due to Takayama, considers the case where the canonical bundle is twisted by a line bundle that is a sum of a big and nef line bundle and a $\mathbb {Q}$-divisor that has Kawamata log terminal singularities on the submanifold from which extension occurs. In this paper we weaken the positivity assumptions on the twisting line bundle to what we believe to be the minimal positivity hypotheses. The main new idea is an L2 extension theorem of Ohsawa–Takegoshi type, in which twisted canonical sections are extended from submanifolds with non-trivial normal bundle.
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Maillot, Vincent, and Damian Rössler. "On the determinant bundles of abelian schemes." Compositio Mathematica 144, no. 2 (2008): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x07003235.
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AbstractLet $\pi :\mathcal {A}\rightarrow S$ be an abelian scheme over a scheme S which is quasi-projective over an affine noetherian scheme and let $\mathcal {L}$ be a symmetric, rigidified, relatively ample line bundle on $\mathcal {A}$. We show that there is an isomorphism of line bundles on S, where d is the rank of the (locally free) sheaf $\pi _*{\cal L}$. We also show that the numbers 24 and 12d are sharp in the following sense: if N>1 is a common divisor of 12 and 24, then there are data as above such that
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Meyer, Ralf, and Devarshi Mukherjee. "C∗-Algebras for partial product systems over N." Journal of Operator Theory 81, no. 2 (2019): 371–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.7900/jot.2018feb20.2213.
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We define partial product systems over N. They generalise product systems over N and Fell bundles over Z. We define Toeplitz C∗-algebras and relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebras for them and show that the section C∗-algebra of a Fell bundle over Z is a relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. We describe the gauge-invariant ideals in the Toeplitz C∗-algebra.
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Sutherland, Jason M., and William B. Borden. "Bundled payments for care improvement initiative – insights from the test pilots of payment reform." Journal of Hospital Administration 4, no. 2 (2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v4n2p37.
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Background: The Medicare Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI) pilot program aims to reward high-value providers by setting a global payment target for particular episodes of care. The representativeness of BPCI participants will influence the ability of this pilot to inform policy decisions.Methods: We linked the Medicare lists of participants in the risk-bearing portion of BPCI Model 2, encompassing acute and post-acute care, to the American Hospital Association resource file and the 2013 Hospital Value-Based Purchasing quality performance data. We classified episode-initiating hospitals by the number of bundles in which they were participating into “narrow”, “medium” and “comprehensive”. The analysis described the characteristics of hospitals in each of these categories.Results: The 105 hospitals with linkable data were predominantly large, urban, non-profit, teaching hospitals. These hospitals were quite similar to the general population in terms of disproportionate share, Medicare, and Medicaid percentages. Most participants selected a narrow number of bundles, with the majority selecting a single bundle around joint replacement. There were only minor differences in quality between Model 2 participants and non-participants.Conclusions: Informing the decision about whether to scale the BPCI program nationally will require evaluation of the pilot’s performance by participants’ characteristics to understand in what conditions and for which providers the program is most effective.
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Kubel, C., D. P. Lawrence, and D. C. Martin. "Low Dose High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) Analysis of Regularly Twisted Poly(m-Phenylene Diisophthalamide) (MPDI) Fibers." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 1118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600038083.
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Poly(m-phenylene diisophthalamide) (MPDI) is an all-aromatic polyamide used to manufacture thermally stable high strength fibers (Nomex® by DuPont). The X-ray diffraction data of the commercial solution-spun fiber is in good agreement with a triclinic unit cell structure proposed by Kakida et al. with hydrogen bonds forming a two dimensional network approximately orthogonal to the polymer main chain. When MPDI dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is crystallized over several weeks by exposure to a non-solvent (water) in a diffusion vessel, the polymer precipitates into uniform, regularly twisted crystalline bundles (Figure 1).TEM images show that the bundles consist of 1-8 individual strands and can reach a length of 20 microns. The pitch and the diameter of these bundles are uniform along the visible length for each bundle but depend on the number of strands per bundle. The diameter of an individual strand is 20-50 nm resulting in a diameter of 20-300 nm for a bundle and a “macroscopic” pitch of 200-1000 nm (Figure 2).
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Mei, Zhongjian, Cheng Li, Jie Zhao, et al. "The Temporal and Spatial Evolution Characteristics and Driving Factors of Ecosystem Service Bundles in Anhui Province, China." Land 13, no. 6 (2024): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13060736.
Full textAbstract:
Identifying ecosystem service bundles and their long-term evolutionary characteristics is essential for the overall enhancement of regional ecosystem services, as well as the division and management of functional areas, providing a basis for decision-making in formulating ecological and environmental protection policies, as well as regional development planning. Based on land use, remote sensing, and meteorological data obtained from Anhui Province, this study assessed six important ecosystem service functions, including food production (FP), water yield (WY), carbon sequestration (CS), soil conservation (SC), habitat quality (HQ), and landscape aesthetics (LA), at the township scale in 2000, 2010, and 2020. On this basis, the k-means clustering method was used to identify ecosystem service bundles, analyze the spatio-temporal evolution trajectory of service bundles, and explore the driving factors of the spatio-temporal evolution of ecosystem service bundles using GeoDetector 2015 The results indicate the following: (1) At the spatial level, diverse ecosystem services demonstrate pronounced spatial differentiation. The distribution pattern of HQ, carbon fixation, and SC services is generally lower in the north and higher in the south, with areas of high value predominantly located in the western Dabie Mountains and the mountains of Southern Anhui. Conversely, FP services exhibit the reverse pattern, and WY services display a gradual increase from north to south, while cultural services are more dispersed, with areas of high value primarily located in the western Dabie Mountains, the Yangtze River Basin, and other locations. On the temporal scale, WY, SC, and FP services mainly exhibit an increasing trend, marked by a significant increase, whereas other services tend to present a decreasing trend. (2) Anhui Province can be categorized into four distinct types of service bundles: the grain production bundle (GPB), mountain ecological conservation bundle (MECB), urban living bundle (ULB), and core protection bundle (CPB). Ecosystem service bundles exhibit clear spatial differentiation, and identical service bundles demonstrate substantial clustering in space. Between 2000 and 2020, ecosystem service bundles displayed a marked spatio-temporal evolution, with the prevalence of GPBs diminishing, whereas the share of ULBs progressively increased, and the number of MECBs and CPBs remained largely stable. (3) In the spatio-temporal evolution process, the average annual precipitation, the proportion of forest land, and slope constitute the principal natural factors influencing the spatio-temporal evolution of ecosystem service bundles, while the proportion of construction land represents the primary socio-economic factor, with natural factors exerting a more significant influence than socio-economic factors.
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Azad, H. "Homogeneous affine bundles." Communications in Algebra 16, no. 8 (1988): 1599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927879808823647.
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