To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Number Of Canals.
Journal articles on the topic 'Number Of Canals'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Number Of Canals.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Al-Ghananeem, Muna M. F., Khattar Haddadin, Abeer Salem Al-Khreisat, Moeen Al-Weshah, and Nidal Al-Habahbeh. "The Number of Roots and Canals in the Maxillary Second Premolars in a Group of Jordanian Population." International Journal of Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/797692.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the number of roots and root canals in the maxillary second premolar in a group of Jordanian population.Materials and Methods. A total of 217 patients, 100 female (46%) and 117 male (54%), received root canal treatment of maxillary second premolar from January 2012 to January 2014. The mean age of the patients was 32.7, ranging from 18 to 60 years. The teeth included in the study were examined clinically and radiographically for the number of roots and root canals using magnifying loupes.Results. Out of the total of 217 maxillary second premolars, 120 teeth had one root (55.3%), 96 teeth had two roots (44.2%), and one tooth had three roots (0.46%). Regarding root canal configuration, 30 teeth (13.8%) had one canal, 54 teeth (24.9%) had two canals shared in one apical foramen, 132 teeth (60.8%) had two canals with two separate apical foramina, and one tooth (0.46%) had three canals with separate apical foramina.Conclusion. The incidence of two canals (either with shared or separate apical foramina) is very high in the maxillary second premolars in Jordanian population; therefore inspection should be done for the presence of second canal whenever endodontic treatment is planned for this tooth.
2
Swarna S K, Subash Sharma, and Haripriya S. "Occurence of Number of Canals in Maxillary Second Molar in South Indian Population - A Retrospective Study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (2020): 1000–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3320.
Full textAbstract:
Maxillary molars contain various anatomical variations with diverse shapes and forms. The variations in root canal anatomy may be due to developmental patterns or may have a genetic influence. The root morphological studies have led to a better understanding of canal morphology that contributes to successful cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. This study was done to assess the prevalence of the number of canals in Maxillary second molars and to determine its association with age and gender in a South Indian Population by evaluating post- operative periapical radiographs. A total of 384 case sheets of root canal treated maxillary second molars were reviewed and analyzed. The patients undergoing root canal treatment for maxillary second molars were screened, and cases selected for the study were in the age group of 18- 65 years. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Out of 384 teeth, 211 were male and 173 were female patients. Number of canals had no significant correlation with age but had significant association with gender (p=0.085). There were 3 canals in most of the cases. Within the limitations of the study, the maxillary second molars consisted mostly of 3 canals in both male and female patients. There was significant association between gender and number of canals.
3
Deng, Prunella Ubung, Mohamad Syahrizal Halim, Sam'an Malik Masudi, Saaid Al-Shehadat, and Basaruddin Ahmad. "Cone-beam computed tomography analysis on root and canal morphology of mandibular first permanent molar among multiracial population in East Coast Malaysian population." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 03 (2018): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_82_18.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the variations in the number of root and canal in the mandibular first permanent molars (MFPMs) teeth in East Coast Malaysian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT images which show MFPMs recorded in HUSM Dental Clinic between January 2015 and June 2016 was obtained and analyzed for their number of roots and canals. A total of 208 CBCT images of MFPMs were collected; 118 patients had unilateral molars and 90 patients had bilateral molars. The following observations were made: (1) root number; (2) number of canals per root; and (3) comparisons of number of roots and canals according to gender, ethnicity, and position. Results: The majority of cases of bilateral MFPM had the same number of roots (95.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.01%, 98.78%) on both the right and left side and only 4 cases (4.4%, 95% CI: 1.22%, 10.99%) had 3 roots on the right and 2 roots on the left sides. The majority of cases had the same number of canals on both sides (66.7%, 95% CI: 55.95, 76.26%) and 33.3% (95% CI: 23.74%, 44.05%) with unequal number of canals. The occurrence of the number of canals was not independent of the sides of the arch (P < 0.001) and there was statistically significantly greater proportion of cases who had greater number of canals on the right side than the left (P = 0.03). The prevalence of right single-rooted MFPM was very small at 0.3% (n = 1) in a Malay male (95% CI: 0.00, 1.83) and the most prevalent was two roots first molar (88.4%). The number of roots was not associated with sex or ethnic group (P > 0.05). The MFPM with a single root was found to have only one mesial canal. For two rooted MFPM, the most prevalent occurrence was two canals at the mesial and one canal at the distal roots (59%); followed by single canals in each mesial and distal (21%) and double canals per root (18%). Three roots MFPM have either single or double canals in the mesial root and double canals in the distal root. Conclusions: The majority of population in the East Coast region of Malaysia has two roots and three root canals in their MFPMs. There was no difference in the number of roots between gender and ethnic and canals between ethnic.
4
Mukhaimer, Raed Hakam. "Evaluation of Root Canal Configuration of Mandibular First Molars in a Palestinian Population by Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: An Ex Vivo Study." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (August 13, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/583621.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the number of canals and variations in root canal configuration in the mandibular permanent first molar teeth of a Palestinian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods. A sample of 320 extracted double-rooted mandibular permanent first molars from Palestinian population was collected for this study and scanned with CBCT scanner. The following observations were made: number of root canals per root and canal configuration in each root based on Vertucci’s classification. Results. Of the 320 mandibular first molars analyzed, 174 (54.4%) had three canals, 132 teeth (41.3%) had four canals, and only four teeth had two canals. The most common canal configuration in the mesial roots was Vertucci type IV (53.8%) followed by type II (38.8%). In the distal roots, the most prevalent canal configuration was Vertucci type I (57.5%) followed by type II ( 22.5%) and type III (10.6%). Conclusion. Our results showed that the number of canals and canal configuration in Palestinian population were consistent with previously reported data. The present study also indicates that CBCT is helpful as a diagnostic tool for the investigation of root canal morphology.
5
Khattak, Munawar Aziz, Sana Arbab, and Syed Amjad Shah. "Frequency of number of roots and root canals of maxillary first premolar teeth." Professional Medical Journal 28, no. 10 (2021): 1513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.10.6290.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To determine the frequency of the number of roots and root canals in a sample of 250 extracted maxillary first premolar teeth of patients visiting Peshawar Dental College and Hospital Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Study Design: Cross Sectional. Setting: Department of Oral Biology, Peshawar Dental College and Hospital Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Period: April 2016 to December 2016. Material & Methods: A total of 250 extracted human maxillary first premolars were collected from the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Peshawar Dental College, and Hospital Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. All teeth were visually inspected to count the number of roots. Subsequently, the access cavity was prepared, and pulp extirpated from each tooth. Endodontic explorer was used to locating the canal orifice(s) at the pulp chamber floor. Later the root canal orifices were injected with India ink to stain the canals. After that roots of teeth were sectioned at different levels to note down the number of canals. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19. The statistical significance of the variations from mean values was considered significant if the p-value was less than 0.05. Results: Out of 250 maxillary first premolar teeth, 44.8% had one root, 40.4% had two separate and 12.8% had two fused roots. Three roots were seen in 2.0% teeth. Two root canals were present in the vast majority (70.4%), whereas one and three root canals were seen in 27.6% and 2.0% teeth, respectively. The correlation between the number of roots and root canals of maxillary first premolar teeth was highly significant. Conclusions: There was a high frequency of maxillary first premolars with two roots and two root canals.
6
Zarekar, Mohit, Apurva Satpute, and Mohini Zarekar. "Maxillary second molar with morphologic variations in number of roots & canals: Literature review & report of two cases." IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics 9, no. 1 (2024): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijce.2024.009.
Full textAbstract:
The root canal and root morphologies of maxillary second molars might vary. This article details the endodontic treatment of two cases involving unusual root canal morphology in a maxillary second molar. The first case involved a single root and a single canal, whereas the second case had a single root with two separate canals. A literature review was conducted to clarify the prevalence of anatomical changes in the number of roots and canals in the maxillary second molar. The utilisation of a dental operating microscope facilitated the detection of the canal orifices in both cases. The objective of this study is to increase the knowledge of clinicians regarding the atypical structure of root canals by examining the complex differences found in maxillary second molars.
7
Mamidibathula, Sri Devi, Rambabu Tanikonda, Rani sirisha Malkapuram, Eswari Priya Gummadi, and Priyanka Peta. "Comparison of pro taper rotary instruments endurance before initial signs of failure: An in vitro study." IP Annals of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 10, no. 3 (2024): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.aprd.2024.040.
Full textAbstract:
The study aimed to evaluate the number of canals enlarged with a Pro Taper rotary instrument that could be safely used before the instrument showed initial signs of failure.In the study, we included 150 freshly extracted human molars with canal curvatures of ≤200. Teeth were divided into two groups (n=225 canals for each group) according to the type of rotary file system used. In Group 1, Root canals were instrumented with Pro Taper Universal (PTU) rotary files; in Group 2, Root canals were instrumented with Pro Taper Gold (PTG) rotary files. Each file was used in canals as per the instrument sequence suggested by the manufacturer till the file showed initial signs of failure. Whenever a file showed initial signs of failure, it was discarded, and the number of canals enlarged with that rotary file was noted. A new file of the same size was used in the next canal. The data were analyzed with the independent t-test. The significance level was set at 0.05. The mean number of canals enlarged using Pro Taper Gold (12) was higher compared to Pro Taper Universal (10). There was a statistically significant difference in the number of canals enlarged by Pro Taper Gold and Pro Taper Universal files (p=0.001).Pro Taper Gold was used to enlarge more root canals compared with the Pro Taper Universal, before showing initial signs of failure.
8
Sana, U., I. U. Niazi, R. S. Din, M. Rasheed, I. Haider, and O. Yousaf. "Root. Canal. Morphology. of Mandibular. First. Permanent. Molars. in a Pakistani. Sub-population." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (2021): 1314–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561314.
Full textAbstract:
Aim : To investigate the number and. patterns of. root canals. of mandibular. first. molars.. Methods.: Descriptive observational study to investigate the canal morphology using clearing technique. The duration of the study was one year from 1st February 2020 to 1st February 2021.Non purposive sampling technique was used and 200 mandibular first molar were collected. Data collected was analysed using the SPSS Vr 10. Study variables include Number and pattern of the roots in mandibular teeth. Descriptive statistics were used; frequencies of the root canals and their canal pattern were calculated. Results: In the mesial root, 14 teeth had a one root canal,186 possessed double root canals were observed. Distal root of 160 teeth possessed one canal, 40 teeth possessed two root canals with type 1 pattern mostly observed. Conclusion: Like other populations Pakistani population may have a diverse root canal system in the mandibular molars that ultimately affect endodontic therapy. Keywords: Roots, canals, anatomy, tooth clearing technique, demineralization
9
Khosravifard, Negar, Zahra Dalili Kajan, and Homayoon Hasanpoor. "Cone beam computed tomographic survey of the mesiobuccal root canal anatomy in the maxillary first and second molar teeth of an Iranian population." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 03 (2018): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_60_18.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mesiobuccal (MB) root canal(s) anatomy of the maxillary first and second molar teeth in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography images of 280 teeth (145 maxillary first molars and 135 maxillary second molars) were analyzed to determine the number and types of the MB root canals. Chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between the number of MB canals and sex and Mann–Whitney analysis was used to define the relationship between the number of canals and the buccopalatal dimension of the MB roots. The level of interobservers' agreement was assessed with Kappa test. Results: Nearly 44.8% of the first molar and 18.5% of the second molar teeth had an additional MB canal (MB2). Types I and III of root canals had the highest frequencies. There was no significant relationship between the number of MB root canals of maxillary first and second molars and sex (P = 0.829). The relationship between the buccopalatal dimension of the MB roots and the number of root canals was shown to be statistically significant (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Presence of MB2 had a relatively high frequency, especially in the maxillary first molars. The mean buccopalatal dimension of the MB roots showed to be interrelated with the number of root canals.
10
Pamadya, Sandy, Mirza Aryanto, Nurani Hayati, and Johannes Dhartono. "Evaluasi jumlah saluran akar gigi premolar pertama atas menggunakan teknik radiografi periapikal pararel dan Cone Beam Computed Tomography." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia (JRDI) 5, no. 1 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v5i1.671.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Maxillary and mandibular first premolars are amongst the teeth that has a risk to caries and needed to be treated. These teeth were varied in term of root and root canal amount. A successful root canal treatment in premolar teeth is highly dependent on the identification of the number and shape of root canals according to Vertucci. Radiographs are still the main choice in helping dentists establish an adequate diagnosis and treatment plan for root canal treatment. Conventional radiographs produce two-dimensional images which often cause difficulties in interpreting the resulting radiograph images. Modern imaging modalities such as CBCT can be used to produce a more accurate image. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the number of root canals of maxillary first premolar teeth displayed on periapical radiographs and CBCT and also to test the accuracy of periapical radiographs in detecting the number of root canals of maxillary first premolar teeth compared to CBCT radiographs.
 Materials and Methods: This research was experimented by performing periapical radiological examinations and CBCT on 50 maxillary premolar teeth samples, then evaluating the number of visible root canals.
 Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the number of root canals seen on the periapical radiograph and CBCT.
 Conclusion: CBCT radiographs have the advantage of detecting the number of root canals of maxillary premolars more accurately than periapical radiographs.
11
Razumova, Svetlana, Anzhela Brago, Lamara Khaskhanova, Ammar Howijieh, Haydar Barakat, and Ashot Manvelyan. "A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scanning of the Root Canal System of Permanent Teeth among the Moscow Population." International Journal of Dentistry 2018 (September 25, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2615746.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Successful endodontic treatment requires a significant knowledge of root canal anatomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root and root canal number of permanent teeth among the Moscow population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning. Materials and methods. 300 CBCT images of subjects were analyzed to study the anatomy of roots and root canal system of each tooth. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics software 22.0 version. Results. The maxillary incisors and canines had one root with one canal in 100%. Maxillary premolars had one root with one or two canals and two roots with two canals, while mandibular premolars were single-rooted with one or two canals. Maxillary first and second molar had three separated roots, and the prevalence of four canals was more often in first molars. Mandibular molars had two roots with different number of canals. Conclusion. The root canal system varies greatly among populations and even in different individuals within the same population; thus, using CBCT scanning is an effective technique in investigating the root canal system.
12
K. Walx Al-Hashimi, Majidah, Kolood N. Safar, and Souad M. Al - Douri. "Radiographic evaluation of the anatomy of endodntically treated maxillary premolars in Iraqi group." Mustansiria Dental Journal 2, no. 1 (2005): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v2i1.1054.
Full textAbstract:
order to determine the number of root canals and the number of apicalforamens, 1528 endodontically treated. Teeth were examined. Out of 777 maxillary firstpremolars 9.1% had one canal, (8.6% of them had one apical foramen and 0.5% had twoforamens) and 89.7% had two canals (8.5% had one apical foramen and 81.2% had twoapical foramens). Only 1.2% of examined teeth had three canals and three foramens. Outof 751 maxillary second premolars 68.6% had one canal (65.1% of them had one apicalforamen and 3.5% had two apical foramens) and 31.4% of teeth had two canals (11.9% ofthem had one apical foramen and 19.6% had two apical forameris
13
Jonker, Casper Hendrik, Federico Foschi, Ericka Noelle L’Abbé, and Anna Catherina Oettlé. "A Micro-Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular First Molars in a Black South African Subpopulation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 7 (2025): 2301. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072301.
Full textAbstract:
Background: This study evaluates the root canal anatomy (main and accessory canals) of mandibular first molars in Black South Africans using micro-computed tomography. The effect of sex, arch side, and age are also investigated. Methods: The number of root canals in each tooth and individual roots (including an observation of the middle-mesial and middle-distal canals), the number of accessory canals, accessory canal type, root canal thirds, and the prevalence of apical deltas were recorded. A chi-squared test of association (p < 0.05) was used to report on variables (sex, arch sides, and age). Results: In most teeth, either three (55.81%) or four canalled (24.42%) configurations were present. The middle-mesial canal was found in 18.6% of teeth (males and females), with a higher prevalence among females (23.68%). The middle-distal canal was found in 3.49% of teeth. Chamber canals were identified in 4.7% of teeth. Accessory canals most likely located in the apical third were found in approximately 84.9% and 86.1% of mesial roots and distal roots, respectively. Apical deltas were identified in 15.12% of mesial and 20.93% of distal roots. Conclusion: Root canal anatomy in this population is diverse and includes differences in arch sides between the sexes.
14
Dosumu, Oluwole O., Iyabo M. Funmilayo Abiodun-Solanke, Peter O. Shaba, and Deborah M. Ajayi. "Prevalence of Additional Canals in Maxillary First Molars in a Nigerian Population." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 9, no. 7 (2008): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-9-7-81.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of additional canals in maxillary first molars in a selected population in Nigeria. Methods and Materials One hundred extracted teeth were collected from the Pedodontic and Oral Surgery clinics of the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. The teeth were identified and their root planed to remove adherent soft tissues. Each tooth was sectioned at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and then again at 2 mm below the CEJ. The number of canals present in each root was noted. For the clinical aspect of the study, 30 patients with clinical and radiological evidence of pulpal involvement participated in the study. These patients had root canal therapy performed on their maxillary first molars and the number of canals was confirmed with periapical radiographs. Results In the laboratory phase of the study 77% of the teeth sectioned had three canals while 22% had four canals with the fourth canal being a second mesiobuccal canal. Only one tooth had five canals with two canals in the palatal root, two canals in the mesiobuccal root, and the remaining canal in the distobuccal root. For the clinical phase of the study, 29 (96.7%) out of 30 patients treated had three canals while only one (3.3%) had four canals with the fourth canal being a second mesiobuccal canal. Conclusion Clinicians should assume there are additional canals in each root when performing endodontic therapy on the maxillary first molar. Only after a thorough search for extra canals and after it is determined further preparation would be fruitless or could cause perforation should the clinician proceed with treating only one canal per root. Clinical Significance If root canal therapy fails, it may be due to the existence of an extra canal that was not located and treated in the first place. This should be considered carefully during re-treatment either by surgical or non-surgical methods. Citation Abiodun-Solanke IMF, Dosumu OO, Shaba PO, Ajayi DM. Prevalence of Additional Canals in Maxillary First Molars in a Nigerian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:081-088.
15
Fabio de Almeida Gomes, Renata Ferreira Pinto Barbosa, Yvelise Aquino Mesquita, Cláudio Maniglia Ferreira, Renata Cordeiro Teixeira, and Luiz Carlos Trévia Morais Correia Viana. "In vitro analysis of the internal anatomy of lower incisors by cone beam computerized tomography." RSBO 14, no. 2 (2017): 80–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v14i2.643.
Full textAbstract:
For the success of endodontic treatment, the knowledge of the internal anatomy becomes essential. Objective: to analyze the prevalence of lower incisor canals in a clinical and tomographic analysis. Material and methods: 148 lower incisors were used, measured, and evaluated through periapical radiograph and computed tomography. Results: in relation to the number of canals, 107 teeth (72.3%) presented a single canal, while 41 teeth (27.7%) presented two canals. Of the 41 teeth presenting 2 canals, 3 teeth presented independent canals (2.03%) and 38 teeth had 2 canals that joined at some point of the canal path (25.67%). Conclusion: The prevalence of two canals in the lower permanent human incisors was 27.7%; of these, 2.03% were independent. The main point of root canal union was at the apical third (20.94%). The most commonly found root canal shape was round in cervical third, flattened in middle third, and round in third apical.
16
Gomes, Fabio De Almeida, Renata Ferreira Pinto Barbosa, Yvelise Aquino Mesquita, Cláudio Maniglia Ferreira, Renata Cordeiro Teixeira, and Luiz Carlos Trévia Morais Correia Viana. "In vitro analysis of the internal anatomy of lower incisors by cone beam computerized tomography." RSBO 1, no. 2 (2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v1i2.407.
Full textAbstract:
For the success of endodontic treatment, the knowledge of the internal anatomy becomes essential. Objective: to analyze the prevalence of lower incisor canals in a clinical and tomographic analysis. Material and methods: 148 lower incisors were used, measured, and evaluated through periapical radiograph and computed tomography. Results: in relation to the number of canals, 107 teeth(72.3%) presented a single canal, while 41 teeth (27.7%) presented two canals. Of the 41 teeth presenting 2 canals, 3 teeth presented independent canals (2.03%) and 38 teeth had 2 canals that joined at some point of the canal path (25.67%). Conclusion: The prevalence of two canals in the lower permanent human incisors was 27.7%; of these, 2.03% were independent. The main point of root canal union was at the apical third (20.94%). The most commonly found root canal shape was round in cervical third, flattened in middle third, and round in third apical.
17
Beljic-Ivanovic, Katarina, and Branislav Karadzic. "Root and canal specific features of maxillary first molars with fused roots." Vojnosanitetski pregled, no. 00 (2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp210517075b.
Full textAbstract:
Background / Aim. Maxillary first molars are one of the most challenging teeth for endodontic therapy. There are certain disparities in number of roots and canals, and canal inter-relationship within the same root, particularly in those with fused roots. The aim was to evaluate ex vivo features of roots, root canals and canal walls in maxillary first molars with fused roots. Methods. Sixty-four extracted maxillary first molars with fused roots were included for cone-beam computed tomographic and microscopic studies. Tooth dimensions at the level of pulp chamber floor, number, location and distance between orifices, number and canal morphology, canal wall thickness, and features of apical foramina were examined and measured. Results. Incidence of maxillary first molars with root fusion was 17.5%, of which 60.0% was palatal fused to disto-buccal root. At the level of pulp chamber floor bucco-palatal dimension was significantly larger with 10.4 mm than mesio-distal with 7.0 mm. Four canal orifices were detected in 65.6%, with the shortest distance of 1.95 mm between mb1 and mb2. In fused roots most frequently were two or three canals strongly correlating to the number of major apical foramina. No fusion of canals was found in fused roots. The thinnest canal wall in mesio-buccal and disto-buccal fused root was mesial with 1.25 mm, and distal with 1.31 mm, while for the palatal root the thinnest was palatal wall with 1.97 mm. Conclusion. The most frequent type of fusion was between palatal and disto-buccal root. Bucco-palatal dimension at the level of pulp chamber floor was significantly larger than mesio-distal, with the shortest inter-orifice distance between mb1 and mb2 orifice. Number of canals was either two or three, strongly coinciding with the number of major apical foramina. There was no fusion of the canals in fused roots. The thinnest canal wall was either mesial or distal.
18
Peiris, Roshan, Uthpala Malwatte, Janak Abayakoon, and Anuradha Wettasinghe. "Variations in the Root Form and Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular First Molars in a Sri Lankan Population." Anatomy Research International 2015 (August 13, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/803671.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was conducted to determine the number of roots and morphology of the root canal system of permanent mandibular first molars (M1) in a Sri Lankan population. Sample of 529 M1 teeth was used. The number of roots was examined and the lengths of the mesial and distal roots were measured to the nearest 0.01 mm. Vacuum injection protocol was used to inject China ink into the root canal system, making it transparent. Root canal morphology was recorded using Vertucci’s classification. Presence of furcation canals, position of lateral canals, intercanal communications, level of bifurcation, and convergence of the root canal system were recorded. M1 showed three roots in 4.1% of the sample. Commonest root canal morphology of the mesial root was type IV and the distal root was type I. The level of bifurcation of the root canals was commonly observed in the cervical one-third of the root while convergence was observed in the apical one-third in both roots. Prevalence of three rooted mandibular first molars is less than 5%. Mesial root showed the most variable canal morphology. Prevalence of furcation canals was 1.5% while that of middle mesial canals was 0.2%.
19
Kaul, Shalan. "An In Vitro Study to Assess the Root Canal Morphology of Human Primary Molars Using Computerised Tomography." Annals of International Medical and Dental Research 8, no. 2 (2022): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2022.8.2.10.
Full textAbstract:
Background: A virtuous consideration of root canal morphology is required. Complications all through and after endodontic therapy are frequently caused by variances in the anatomy of root canals in primary teeth. The goal of present study was to determine the number and shape of root canals in primary incisors and molars, as well as the pertinency of cone beam computerised tomography (CBCT) in doing so.Material & Methods:On a total of 60 primary molars and incisors with complete root length, CBCT was used to assess the number of roots, number of canals, width of root canal at cementoenamel junction and middle-third, length and angulations of roots. The information was statistically analysed. Results:The CBCT revealed that 13 percent of mandibular incisors had bifurcation of the root canal in the middle third, while 20% of mandibular molars had two canals in the distal root. The distobuccal root canal diameter of maxillary molars and the mesiolingual canal diameter of mandibular molars were determined to be the smallest.Conclusions:Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a comparatively new and effective technology that can be used in conjunction with conventional radiography to examine variations in root canal morphology in primary teeth.
20
Benavides-Guzman, Olger, Yalil Rodríguez-Cárdenas, Aron Aliaga-del Castillo, Gustavo Armando Ruíz-Mora, and Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillén. "Evaluation of the root morphology of mandibular first premolars using cone-beam computed tomography in a peruvian population." Journal of Oral Research 13, no. 1 (2024): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17126/joralres.2024.004.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The morphology of the root canal of the first premolars is not always the same and therefore a good knowledge of its dental anatomy is essential. Aim: To assess the morphology of roots and root canals of mandibular first premolars in a Peruvian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sec-tional study. A total of 370 mandibular first premolars fulfilling the inclusion criteria were evaluated using CBCT, and the number of roots and root canals, the Vertucci’s classification of root canal configuration, age, sex and side of the tooth were registered. Results: One and two roots were presented in 96.2% (n=356) and 3.8% (n=14), respectively, of the mandibular first premolars analyzed, and one canal was present in 67.6% (n=250) and two canals in 32.2% (n=119). A type I root canal configuration was found in 67.6% (n=250) of the cases followed by type V with 26.2% (n=97). A statistically significant association was found between the number of roots and canals (p<0.001) and age also had a significant influence on this variable (p=0.0043). Conclusions: The presence of one canal in mandibular first premolars is the most frequent, although there is a considerable prevalence of two in the population studied. The number of roots is associated with the number of canals, with age having a significant influence on these variables.
21
Mishra, Preeti, Vineeta Nikhil, Padmanabh Jha, Shalya Raj, Rohit Ravinder, and Sonal Sahu. "Correlation between root canal anatomy of mandibular incisors and premolars in Western Uttar Pradesh population of India - A cross sectional study." Endodontology 36, no. 3 (2024): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_63_23.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the presence of two canals in mandibular incisors and multiple canals in mandibular premolars in the Western Uttar Pradesh population of India using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT scans with 0.125-mm voxel size and 50 mm × 50 mm field of view of 800 patients were evaluated for the parameters; a number of canals, root canal configurations (according to Vertucci’s classification), unilateral/bilateral occurrences, and correlation between presence of two canal configuration in mandibular incisors and multiple canals (>1 canal) in mandibular premolars. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS statistical program version 22.0 using the Chi-square test. The significance level was set as 5%. Results: According to the current analysis, the prevalence of mandibular incisors with one canal was 68.1% and two canals were 31.9% whereas in mandibular premolars prevalence of one canal was 71.5%, two canals were 27.2%, and three canals were 1.3%. The incidence of Vertucci type I canal configuration (68.1% mandibular incisors and 71.5% mandibular premolars) was more prevalent than the other types. The incidence of C-shaped canals was 2.6%. The prevalence of bilateral occurrence of the same canal configuration was 16.6%. A positive correlation was found between the presence of two canals in mandibular incisors with multiple canals in mandibular premolars (20.4%). Conclusion: The root canal morphology of mandibular premolar teeth of the Western Uttar Pradesh Indian population is complex. Two canals in mandibular incisors are frequently associated with multiple canals in mandibular premolars.
22
Boucher, Dominique, Robert Lavallée, and Yves Mauffette. "Biological performance of the white pine weevil in relation to the anatomy of the resin canal system of four different host species." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 11 (2001): 2035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-135.
Full textAbstract:
The anatomy of the resin canal system was observed on lateral branches of four host species of the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) in relation to weevil performance. The host species studied were Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), and white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Survival, number, and mass of adult weevils were measured on attacked terminal leaders collected before adult emergence. One uppermost lateral branch was collected at the base of each attacked leader. Cross sections of these lateral branches were observed to measure the number, diameter, depth, and density of inner and outer resin canals. Nearly all resin canal measurements differed significantly among species, with white pine differing greatly from the other species with larger canals and lower canal density. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the anatomy of the resin canal system was principally related to adult mass, with the most important variable being the density of inner canals (r = 0.54). Trees characterized by low density of large inner resin canals, like white pine, seemed to favour mass gain in adult weevils. The present study suggests that a high density of inner resin canals constrains the insect to feed on canals early in larval development, which subsequently reduces weevil mass.
23
Popovic, Milica, Milos Papic, Aleksandar Acovic, Suzana Zivanovic, and Tatjana Kanjevac. "Cone-beam computed tomography study of root number and root canal configuration of premolars in Serbian population." Medical review 71, no. 3-4 (2018): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1804100p.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The aim of this study was to establish the number of roots and present the root canal configuration in the maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth, and evaluate the relations among these characteristics with gender and teeth position in the Serbian population using cone-beam computed tomography. Material and Methods. Cone-beam computed tomography images of 570 teeth of 150 patients were evaluated. Teeth were classified into the following groups: maxillary first premolars, maxillary second premolars, mandibular first premolars and mandibular second premolars, and the number of roots and root canals per tooth, whereas root canal configurations were examined along with the tooth position and patients? gender. The root canal configuration was classified using Vertucci?s classification. Statistical significance was obtained using Chi square test. Results. In maxillary first premolars, two roots (53.5%) and two root canals (84.5%) were the most prevalent, as well as type IV configuration (58.9%). In maxillary second premolars, most teeth had one root (88.1%) and one root canal (59.6%). In regard to gender, complex configurations with multiple canals were more prevalent in males. Higher incidence of type IV configuration in maxillary first premolars was present on the right side of the jaw (70.2%). Most mandibular first premolars had one root (98.5%). In mandibular second premolar, all teeth had one root and most had type I configuration (96.2%). Males showed higher incidence of two canals in mandibular first premolars. Conclusion. Cone-beam computed tomography is a useful tool for obtaining valuable information on root canal morphology of premolar teeth. Patient?s gender should be considered when performing the preoperative assessment of endodontic treatment.
24
Rathi, Sushma, Jayaprakash Patil, and Prashant P. Jaju. "Detection of Mesiobuccal Canal in Maxillary Molars and Distolingual Canal in Mandibular Molars by Dental CT: A Retrospective Study of 100 Cases." International Journal of Dentistry 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/291276.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. To detect presence of MB2 canal in maxillary molars and distolingual canal in mandibular molars by Dental CT.Material and Methods. A retrospective study of 100 Dental CTs was done. Axial and paraxial images obtained were used to assess the presence of MB2 canal in maxillary molars and distolingual canal in mandibular molars.Results. The youngest patient was of 11 years while the eldest patient was of 77 years. Males were 58 in number and females were 42 in number. MB2 canals were present in 57 patients and distolingual canal was present in 18 patients. Maximum MB2 canals were present in age group between 51 and 60 years, while distolingual canals were present in age group of 21–30 years.Conclusion. Dental CT allows adequate visualization of variation in root canal morphology and can be important diagnostic tool for successful endodontic therapy.
25
Muzaffar, Muhammad Arslan. "An assessment of morphological patterns and number of canals in mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molars in our patients: Analyzed by Cone Beam Computed Tomography." Isra Medical Journal 14, no. 1 (2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55282/imj.oa1225.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To assess the number of canals and morphological patterns of mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molars based on Vertucci’s classification analyzed by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans in our patients. Study Design: Retrospective Cross sectional analytical study. Place and Duration: At Operative Dentistry Department, Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad from 1st September 2020 to 1st January 2021. Methodology: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans (PLANMECA, Finland) were used with image size 13 x 9cm (651 x 651 x 451 cm3), voxel size 200μm to include maxillary anatomy with 96 KV radiation dose, exposure time of 12.527 seconds and current of 9 MA. Slice thickness of 0.200mm was recorded. Axial, coronal and sagittal planes were used to evaluate root canal anatomy of maxillary second molars. Number of canals and morphological patterns as per Vertucci’s classification were recorded in mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molars. Results: Out of 200 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, 316 maxillary second molars met the inclusion criteria. Mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molars having one canal were found in 78.48% and 2 canals in 21.52%. Maximum frequencies of canals in mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molars as per Vertucci’s Classification were found to have type I i.e. 78.5% followed by type IV in 16.5% and type II in 5%. Conclusion: Number of canals is variable for the mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molar. Single canal and Vertucci’s type I is the most common canal configuration type in mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molars. Significant difference was found between gender and Vertucci’s classification in mesiobuccal root. Keywords: Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Maxillary Second Molar, Root Canal Morphology
26
Clarissa Teles Rodrigues, Renata Pardini Hussne, Celso Kenji Nishiyama, and Fernanda Gomes de Moraes. "Filling of simulated lateral canals using different obturation techniques: analysis through IDA digital radiograph system." RSBO 9, no. 3 (2013): 254–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v9i3.997.
Full textAbstract:
Lateral canals are part of the root canal system and may be related to periodontal-endodontic diseases. The filling techniques that employ thermoplasticized gutta-percha have demonstrated better results in filling lateral canals. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate, through digital radiographs, three techniques of root canal obturation (Lateral Condensation, Obtura II System, Tagger’s Hybrid) regarding to the ability of filling artificial lateral canals. Material and methods: 30 extracted human lower premolars were used in this study. The crowns were removed and artificial laterals canals were prepared on the coronal, medium and apical thirds of the roots by using a reamer made of a K 10 file. The root canals were instrumented and obturated by the following techniques: Lateral Condensation, Obtura II System, and Tagger’s Hybrid. The teeth were radiographed with IDA digital radiograph system and the filling of the lateral canals was evaluated by scores for further statistical analysis. Results: No significant difference was found in the filling of lateral canals between Lateral Condensation and Obtura II, but a significant difference was found among these two and Tagger’s Hybrid technique. Conclusion: Tagger’s Hybrid technique promoted the highest numbers of obturated lateral canals. In the three groups, the root thirds presenting greater number of filled lateral canals were coronal and middle, regardless of the obturation technique employed.
27
Jang, Ji-Hye, Jin-Woo Kim, Kyung-Mo Cho, Soo-Yeon Kim, and Se-Hee Park. "A study on Radix Entomolaris about prevalence and correlation of canal orifices location according to number of roots in mandibular first molars." Journal of The Korean Dental Association 56, no. 12 (2018): 695–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.22974/jkda.2018.56.12.004.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ratio of 4 root canals and the incidence of Radix Entomolaris in mandibular first molars and find out anatomical difference according to number of roots by analysis of cone-beam CT images in a Korean population. Materials and Methods: Total 142 images containing mandibular first molars were selected from CBCT images taken from 2013 to 2017 at Gangneung-Wonju National University Dental Hospital. After reconstructing the image with reference to the Cemento-enamel junction, the root canals were detected at the bottom of the pulpal floor and the number of roots and root canals were analyzed. Various lengths and MLO-DLO-DBO angle were measured between each canal orifices and the external contour line of the tooth, and the distolingual canal wall thickness was measured. Student t-test was used for statistical significance. Results: Among the total 142 teeth, 4 canals were 42.2% and Radix Entomolaris was 25.3%. As the results of measuring various lengths and the angle, the distolingual canal orifice in Group 2(with Radix Entomolaris) tends to deviate to the lingual side than the mesiolingual canal orifice and to the mesial side than the distobuccal canal orifice. Besides, thickness of the distolingual canal wall in Group 2(with Radix Entomolaris) was significantly thinner than that of Group 1 at every level except pulpal floor level. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider the difference according to the presence of Radix Entomolaris in endodontic treatment.
28
Alqedairi, Abdullah, Hussam Alfawaz, Yousef Al-Dahman, Faisal Alnassar, Asma Al-Jebaly, and Sara Alsubait. "Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary Premolars in a Saudi Population." BioMed Research International 2018 (August 15, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8170620.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the root canal morphology of maxillary first and second premolars in a Saudi population using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed CBCT images of 707 Saudi patients. The number of roots and canal configuration were identified based on Vertucci’s classification. Fisher’s exact Chi-square tests were performed to analyze the association between sex and number of roots and sex and root canal configuration.Results. Most teeth had two roots in maxillary first premolars (75.1%) and one root in maxillary second premolars (85.2%). Type IV was the most prevalent canal configuration in maxillary first premolars (69.1%), while Type I was the most in maxillary second premolars (49.4%). All types of canal configurations were observed in maxillary premolars except Type VII for the maxillary second premolar. Chi-square tests showed no significant association between gender and number of roots and sex and root canal configuration in both maxillary first and second premolars although higher number of roots was seen in men (P > 0.05).Conclusion. Most maxillary first premolars had two roots with Type IV being the most predominant canal configuration, while a single root with Type I canal configuration was the most frequently observed morphology in maxillary second premolars. In maxillary first premolars, 21.3% had one canal apically, 75.4% had two canals apically, and 3.3% had three canals apically. In maxillary second premolars, 80.2% had one canal apically, 18.9% had two canals apically, and 0.9% had three canals apically.
29
Carlos Eduardo Fontana, Carolina Davoli Macedo Ibanéz, Felipe Davini, et al. "Endodontic therapy of maxillary second molar showing an unusual internal anatomy." RSBO 9, no. 2 (2013): 213–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v9i2.992.
Full textAbstract:
The knowledge of the complex anatomy of maxillary molars and location of extra canals are essential for diagnosis and endodontic treatment success. Objective: The purpose of this study was to report a clinical case showing a varying number of palatal roots in a second maxillary molar with the aid of operating microscope (OM). Case report: A four-rooted maxillary permanent second molar with 2 separated palatal canals undergone endodontic therapy. After endodontic access, examination of the chamber floor using an operating microscope revealed two distinct palatal canals orifices. A radiograph was taken after the working lengths of each canal were estimated by means of an electronic apex locator which clearly identified the four roots with independent four canals. The canals were instrumented with ProTaper™ rotatory instruments under irrigation with 5% sodium hypochlorite, obturated with Pulp Canal Sealer® and continue wave technique. After completion of root canal treatment, the tooth was restored with composite resin. Results: After endodontic access, the presence of two different palatal canals was found in a second maxillary molar, resulting from a variation in the number of palatal roots of this tooth. Conclusion: The high magnification and clear illumination quality provided by the dental operating microscope increase endodontic treatment success of the variations in the internal anatomy of the tooth.
30
Vusataya, E. V., and R. G. Pomogalov. "Clinical case: second mandibular premolar with three root canals." Endodontics Today 19, no. 2 (2021): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36377/1683-2981-2021-19-2-117-12.
Full textAbstract:
Successful and predictable endodontic treatment requires knowledge of root canal anatomy and morphology variations. In cases where X-ray images do not help to clarify the anatomy of the root canals, it is recommended to use magnifying devices. The second premolar of the lower jaw is one of the most diffcult teeth for endodontic treatment due to variations in internal morphology, additional root canals, apical deltas, and lateral canals. Diagnostic radiographs in different projections are important for getting an idea of the number of existing root canals. The purpose of root canal treatment is to clean the root canal of pathogenic microbes and infected pulp, prevent the formation of toxic products, and protect the periapical tissue. The presence of root canal variability increases the complexity of endodontic treatment. The complex anatomy of the root canals, the presence of additional channels, unnoticed by the dentist, can cause the failure of endodontic treatment.
31
Lin, Jinxing, D. A. Sampson, and R. Ceulemans. "The effect of crown position and tree age on resin-canal density in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 11 (2001): 1257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-108.
Full textAbstract:
Resin canals are an important taxonomic characteristic in conifers. In this paper we examined within- and between-needle variation of the cross-sectional number of resin canals in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Variation within needles was determined from 12 free-hand sections taken along the whole length of foliage collected from a common crown position. The effect of crown location and tree age on resin-canal density was also examined from the midpoint cross sections of 450 Scots pine needles collected from interior and exterior locations from the top, middle, and bottom of 25 crowns of trees ranging in age from 8 to 70 years. Within-needle resin-canal density varied with needle length. Two resin canals were typical for the basal and the terminal needle cross sections. There were 3.2 and 8.6 resin canals for cross sections taken from 10 and 30% of the needle length from the basal sheath, respectively. Resin-canal density was largest, and relatively constant, between 30 and 80% of the needle length. We found significant differences in the cross-sectional number of needle resin canals, as influenced by crown positions and tree age. Resin-canal density increased with foliage height. Foliage from the top one-third of crowns had significantly more resin canals than foliage from the bottom. Foliage collected from the crown interior (proximal to the stem) had fewer resin canals than samples from the crown edge. Resin-canal density increased from 7.1 to 10.3 as tree age increased from 8 to 70 years. These results suggest that crown position and tree age need to be incorporated into the sampling protocols used to establish species standards in resin-canal density, at least for Scots pine, if meaningful comparisons are to be made.Key words: resin canal, needle age, crown position, needle anatomy, Pinus sylvestris.
32
Remya, M., and VP Prabath Singh. "Cone Beam Computed Tomography a Noval Innovation for assessing the Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Bicuspid." Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic Journal 2, no. 1 (2017): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10048-0016.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the root canal morphology of maxillary first premolar using Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods A total of 125 teeth were selected and CBCT scans were taken and following factors were recorded – number of roots, number of root canals, anatomy, and configuration of canals. Results Overall 88% teeth had two roots. Most frequent canal configuration was type I in 93.6%; 94.4% teeth had single canal exiting in single apical foramen. Conclusion Within the limitation of the study, it was concluded that among the study population, there is a high incidence of two-rooted maxillary first bicuspid with two canals with type I Vertucci canal configuration. How to cite this article Remya M, Singh VPP. Cone Beam Computed Tomography a Noval Innovation for assessing the Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Bicuspid. Cons Dent Endod J 2017;2(1):4-7.
33
Saati, Samira, Abbas Shokri, Maryam Foroozandeh, Jalal Poorolajal, and Nooshin Mosleh. "Root Morphology and Number of Canals in Mandibular Central and Lateral Incisors Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography." Brazilian Dental Journal 29, no. 3 (2018): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201801925.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Most failures in endodontic treatment of mandibular incisors are due to the presence of a missed canal specifically the lingual. This investigation aimed to examine the root morphology and number of canals in mandibular incisors using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Two hundred and seven patients were assessed in terms of their mandibular central and lateral incisors of CBCT. The inclusion criteria were absence of root resorption, coronal restoration or root filling and clarity and optimal resolution of images. According to the Vertucci’s classification, number of roots and canals and type of canal were evaluated by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. In order to data analysis SPSS version 16 and descriptive statistics were implemented. All mandibular incisors had one root. Most central (84.5%) and lateral (78.2%) incisors had a single canal (p= 0.065). The majority of central (54.5%) and lateral (56.5%) incisors were Vertucci’s type I (p= 0.102). Prevalence of one canal in males: central (84.8%), lateral (77.9%) and in females: central (84.2%), lateral (78.5%) (p= 0.518). Prevalence of Vertucci’s type I in males: central (52.3%), lateral (45.3%) and in females: central (56.1%), lateral (64.4%) (p=0.188). The prevalence of two canals was 15.5% (central) and 21.8% (lateral) in mandibular incisors. The Vertucci’s type I was the most typical kinds of mandibular incisors. Considering the limitations of periapical radiography in determining canal morphology, CBCT can be helpful in case of any concern regarding root canal morphology.
34
Popovic, Milica, Milos Papic, Suzana Zivanovic, Aleksandar Acovic, Slobodan Loncarevic, and Vladimir Ristic. "Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study of the Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Anterior Teeth in Serbian Population." Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 19, no. 1 (2018): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjecr-2017-0024.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of this study is to describe the morphological characteristics, the number of roots and number of root canals of mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors and canines, and the relationship of these characteristics with the sex and the jaw side where the tooth is located, in the Serbian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images of a total of 902 mandible front teeth, including 296 central incisors, 294 lateral incisors and 312 canines were analyzed in the database. For assessing the morphology of the root canal, Vertucci method of classification was used. Central incisors had two canals in 27%, similar as lateral incisor which had two canals in 26.5%. Mandibular canines had two canals in 7.1% and there was a significant difference between genders. The most prevalent root canal configuration type in all mandibular anterior teeth was type I. In the groups of mandibular incisors with two root canals the most common was type III. In the group of mandibular canines with two root canals, type V had the greatest occurrence. Most mandibular anterior teeth had one root canal. Two root canals were found in 27% of the mandibular incisors. There is a significant difference in root morphology between genders. It is important for dental practitioner to expect different morphological variations when performing endodontic treatment. More studies are needed to further define morphological characteristics of roots of mandibular anterior teeth in Serbian population.
35
Ibrahim, Rawa. "The Relationship Between Crown Shape and Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary Second Molars in an Iraqi Sub-population Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)." Sulaimani Dental Journal 11, no. 1 (2024): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/sdj.10182.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: This study aimed to look into how crown shape affected the architecture of the root canals.
 Methods: Nine hundred and fifty-four CBCT scans of maxillary second molars were evaluated. The relation between the crown shapeand sex, root number, and root canals was determined. The frequency of the second canal in the mesiobuccal root (MB2), its agerelation, and the symmetry of the concurrence of anatomical variations in contralateral molars were analyzed. The chi-square test wasused for the analysis of the outcomes. It was deemed significant at P< 0.05.
 Results: Overall, rhomboidal-shaped crowns comprised 60.1% of all crowns, while heart-shaped crowns made up 39.9%. Three-rootedteeth were the most common (74.5%), followed by two-rooted teeth (11.9%) and one-rooted teeth (8.5%), while four-rooted teeth madeup only 5% of all samples. The most prevalent result in terms of the canal number was three canals (67%), followed by four canals(24.8%), two canals (7.3%), one canal (0.6%), and five canals (0.4%). Males were less likely to have crowns with a heart-shapedstructure than females. The rhomboidal crown (22%) had a higher occurrence of MB2 canals when compared to the heart-shaped crown (2.8%).
 Conclusions: Given the constraints of this research, it would seem that the rhomboid form of the upper second molar crown is moreprevalent, with a greater tendency to have three and four roots and the presence of MB2 than the heart-shaped form.
36
Saeed, Suha Hussein Mohammad, Dara Hamarashid Saeed, Abdullkareem Ramadhan Ibrahim, and Ako Omer Abdullah. "Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of root and root canal system of perma- nent maxillary first and second molars in a sample of Iraqi Kurdistan patients." Advanced Medical Journal 5, no. 2 (2019): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56056/amj.2019.110.
Full textAbstract:
Background and objectives:Anatomy of the root canal system and determining the number and form of the canals are the most important steps for a successful root canal therapy without post-operative complications. The evidence supports the variability and complexity of maxillary molars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the additional mesiobuccal canals in the mesiobuccal roots, root canal configuration and root numbers of first and second permanent maxillary molars through the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) technique. Methods:One hundred patients’ images taken of maxillary first and second molars bilaterally by cone beam computed tomography technique. Classification of first and second molar root canals was performed in accordance with Vertucci’s classifi- cation system. The patterns of anatomical variations in contralateral molars were classified according to the Zhang classification system. Results: The present study found that three roots were the most prevalent numbers of roots in the right and left, first and second molars, 96.0%, 75.0%, 97.0%, and 72.0%, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of additional mesiobuccal canals in both the right and left, first and second molars were 45.0%, 20.0%, 40.0%, and 27.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Tooth variant type I of Zheng et al classification and type I of Vertucci’s classification of the root canal system was the most prevalent type.
37
Beljic-Ivanovic, Katarina, and Nevenka Teodorovic. "Morphological characteristics of mesiobuccal root canals of the first maxillary molars." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 7-8 (2010): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1008414b.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The first maxillary molar is a tooth with three roots, and mesiobuccal one is with the most complex canal morphology. Factors influencing variations of its morphology are numerous, and may significantly complicate endodontic treatment. Objective. The objective was to investigate the number, configuration and curvature orientation of the mesiobuccal root canals in the maxillary first molars. Methods. The study was conducted on 200 mesiobuccal (MB) roots of extracted first molars in human subjects using radiography. In each canal Flexofile was introduced until reaching the apical foramen and the root was then radiographed in series from two projections. Number of root canals (MB1, MB2 and MB3), configuration according to Vertucci classification, and the orientation of the curvature were established. Relevant statistical parameters and the significance of differences were computed (p<0.05). Results. Of total 200 mesiobuccal roots 86.5% were with two, 9% with three, and 4.5% with a single canal. Most frequent configurations were type IV (36%) and II (34.5%). From the clinical projection all MB1 canals were oriented distally, from the proximal 78% palatally and 22% buccally. The orientation of all MB2 canals was distal from the clinical projection, from the proximal projection 76% were oriented palatally, and 24% buccally. The MB3 canal was always oriented distally from the clinical projection, and buccally from the proximal aspect. Conclusion. The mesiobuccal roots of the first maxillary molars showed multiple canals in 96%, with dominant Vertucci type II and IV of configuration. All canals were curved.
38
Chirita, Andrei Leonid, Mugurel Constantin Rusu, Ruxandra Stanescu, Gabriela Tanase, Mihai Butucescu, and Mihai Predoiu. "Evaluation of the Lingual Canals of Mandible in Cone Beam Computed Tomography." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 11 (2019): 4105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.11.7712.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to assess the frequency of the lingual foramina and canals relative to their location on the mandibular cortical plate and also to closely inspect the course of the lingual canals inside the mandibular body using 3D reconstruction of the evaluated area. A retrospective study was conducted with 55 cone bean computed tomography (CBCT) scans in order to analyze the location, number, course and anastomosing pattern of the lingual canals. A total number of 165 lingual canals (LCs) were recorded from 55 patients, as follows: 94 median (MLC), 16 paramedian (PLC) and 55 lateral lingual canals (LLC). MLCs were a constant finding in all 55 patients (100% of the cases), PLCs were present in 15 patients (27.3% of the cases), and LLCs were identified in 35 patients (63.3% of the cases). The anastomosing pattern of the MLC, in which a supraspinous canal anastomosed with an infraspinous canal, was found in 10.9% of the cases (6 of 55 patients),. The LLCs were anastomosed with the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) in 56.3% of the cases (31 of 55 LLCs) and with the mandibular canal (MC) in 3.6% of the cases (2 of 55 LLCs). CBCT revealed itself to be a reliable tool for evaluating the intramandibular topography of the LCs. The anastomosing pattern of the lingual canals might raise the question whether the LCs could be responsible for incomplete anesthesia after conventional mandibular block by carrying sensory innervation from the mylohyoid nerve to the inferior alveolar nerve.
39
Andressa Salles Gonçalves Pais, Carlos Eduardo Fontana, Alexandre Sigrist De Martin, Elcia Bravin de Carvalho, and Carlos Eduardo da Silveira Bueno. "Location of three canals in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar." RSBO 9, no. 3 (2013): 322–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v9i3.1008.
Full textAbstract:
The knowledge on the complex anatomy of the maxillary first molar and location of extra canals are essential for diagnosis and endodontic treatment success. Objective: The purpose of this study was to report a clinical case showing a varied number of root canals in maxillary molars with the aid of the operating microscope (OM). Case report: The endodontic retreatment of the right maxillary first molar with unusual anatomical variation was performed, displaying three canals in the mesiobuccal root (MB), a root canal in the distobuccal root (DV) and a root canal in the palatal root (P). To remove the resin core inside pulp chamber with and without the aid of dental operating microscope, a high-speed drill and ultrasonic tip (diamond round) was used, respectively, for the refinement of the pulp chamber walls. The dental operating microscope was used during the access surgery, location, negotiation of canals and checking of the completion of all stages of the retreatment. Subsequently, the cleaning, shaping and filling of the root canal system was completed. The presence of three canals in the mesiobuccal root, one in the distobuccal root and one in the palatal root was found. Conclusion: Variations in the number of canals could be confirmed during the surgery access in endodontic retreatment cases with the aid of dental operating microscope.
40
Santosh, Vasavi, Rhea Reji John, Mandavi Waghmare, and Reema Manoj. "Variations in root canal morphology of the permanent mandibular first molar in Indian population- A CBCT study." IP International Journal of Maxillofacial Imaging 7, no. 2 (2021): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmi.2021.012.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the variations in the number of canals and its morphology in permanent mandibular first molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a subset of Indian population. A total of 350 CBCT scans were collected and evaluated in all three orthogonal planes to determine the number of root canals and study their anatomic variations using Vertucci’s classification.: The total number of roots and root canals, the root canal configuration, the incidence, and the correlations between left- and right-side occurrences and between males and females were analysed. Statistically significant differences were evaluated using the chi-square test with SPSS 16.0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL), with significance set at p &#60; 0.05.: The results of this study showed that predominantly, two thirds of the subjects had type VI mesial canal configuration and two-thirds had type I distal canal configuration. Also there was significant variance in the canal anatomy across gender and age of the subjects.: CBCT is a clinically useful tool in understanding the variations in root canal morphology, which guides in the assessment of the canal morphology aiding in successful root canal treatment.
41
Mashyakhy, Mohammed, Nada AlTuwaijri, Reuof Alessa, et al. "Anatomical Evaluation of Root and Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular Dentition among the Saudi Arabian Population: A Systematic Review." BioMed Research International 2022 (August 2, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2400314.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to conduct a compendious review of root canal morphology of “permanent mandibular teeth in different regions of Saudi Arabia” to obtain a large sample representing the total population. A detailed search through the databases Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The data were analyzed based on the following inclusion criteria: original full-length original articles that reported the variables of interest “(number of roots, number of canals, Vertucci’s classification system and C-shaped canals or mid-mesial canals)” of the mandibular teeth and conducted on Saudi subjects. The retrieved data were presented as frequencies and percentages. The results revealed that 56.6% of mandibular central incisors had one canal and Vertucci type I (56.6%), while 57.4% of the mandibular lateral incisors had one canal, with Vertucci types I and III most frequent. In mandibular canines, 91.8% had one canal and 8.2% had two canals. Most of the mandibular first premolars had one root (86.6%), while almost all mandibular second premolars (91.5%) had one canal, and 96.9% had Vertucci type I configuration. Among the mandibular first molars, three and four canals were prevalent in 58.7% and 40.6%, respectively. The majority of mesial roots had Vertucci type IV (60.6%), and most of distal roots had Vertucci type I (72.2%). Most of the mandibular second molars had three canals (87.3%) and showed Vertucci type IV (39.4%) canals for mesial roots and Vertucci type I (95.6%) for distal roots. The C-shaped canals were seen in 8% of first premolars and 9.8% of second molars. The middle mesial canal was found in 4.2% and 0.4% of first and second molars, respectively. This review could represent “the population of Saudi Arabia as the included samples were combined from different regions of the country.” Some variations were noticed within the same group of teeth from different regions. However, the overall results of combined samples were comparable to the other international studies.
42
Amir, Asma, Imran Qureshi, Ambereen Humayun, Farooq Khan, Imran Khattak, and Yusra Jamil Khattak. "Assessment of Root Anatomy and Variations of Third Mandibular Molars in the Population of Peshawar using Cone Beam Computed Tomography." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (2022): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169325.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Third molars have root canal structure that is frequently incredibly complicated and highly varied. Greater heterogeneity in root patterns and canal shape has been linked to mandibular third molars. Aim: To assess the root and canal anatomy of mandibular third molar in the people of Peshawar using cone beam computed tomography. Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Khyber College of Dentistry and Rehman College of Dentistry, from 1st December 2020 to 31st January 2022. Methodology: One hundred and ninety five CBCT scans of third mandibular molars were examined and the data in regards to their root number, canal number, Vertucci’s classification, gender and age relation of morphology in mandibular third molars was statistically assessed. Results: Greater number of 3rdmandibular molars had two roots (89.7%) and two canals (67.7%). Most mesial roots had Vertucci Type I (61%), distal root had type I canals as well (92.8%) Conclusion: The current study concluded that mandibular third molars showed great variation in Root canal configuration. Majority had two roots and two canals per root. Keywords: Canal configuration, Vertucci’s classification, Mandibular third molars, Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)
43
Agholor, Collins Nimbiye, Matthew Asizide Sede, and Louis Ibhawoh. "Maxillary premolar root and canal morphology in a Nigerian population: An in-vitro study." International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research 9, no. 2 (2023): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijmspr.v9i2.74.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: To describe the external and internal root anatomy of maxillary first and second premolars in a Nigerian population using decalcification, clearing and staining technique. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six maxillary first premolars and one hundred and sixteen maxillary second premolars from 212 consenting adults indicated for extraction were studied. They were then decalcified, cleared and stained in vitro. The number of roots, tooth length, direction of root curvature, number of canals, canal configuration and number of apical foramina were noted. Results: The maxillary first premolars were mostly two rooted (70.8%) while maxillary second premolars predominantly had one root (82.8%) (p=0.001) and two canals. The mean tooth length for the maxillary first (21.87mm) and second (21.56mm) premolars was determined. There was no statistically significant difference between tooth length and gender in the teeth studied. The majority of single rooted teeth studied were curved distally, with more variable canal configurations than two rooted specimens. Overall, type IV configuration was the most prevalent in both maxillary first (81.2%) and second premolars (58.6%). Lateral canals were present in 29.2% of maxillary first and in 34.4% of second premolars studied. Inter- canal communications were observed in 20.8% of maxillary first premolars and 6.8% of maxillary second premolars. Root canals exited with multiple foramina in both maxillary first (83.3%) and second (62.1%) premolars. Conclusion: Maxillary first premolars were mostly two rooted while maxillary second premolars predominantly had a single root in the studied population. Also, the majority of the teeth studied had two canals and type IV canal configuration. Anatomic variations in these teeth should be borne in mind when carrying out endodontic treatment. Keywords: Maxillary premolars, root canal, morphology, Nigerian
44
Zarean, Parichehr, Mutlu Özcan, Paridokht Zarean, et al. "Micro-Computed Tomographic Assessment of Microcrack Formation before and after Instrumentation of Curved Root Canals with Neoniti Rotary Files." Materials 15, no. 9 (2022): 3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093002.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to assess the microcrack formation of moderately and severely curved root canals following instrumentation with Neoniti rotary files using micro-computed tomography. This in vitro study evaluated 18 extracted sound mandibular molars with two separate mesial canals and foramina in two groups (n = 9) with 5–20° (moderate) and 20–40° (severe) root canal curvature. The number of microcracks in the root canal walls was counted at baseline by micro-CT. Subsequently, the root canals were instrumented with 0.20/0.06 v Neoniti files as single files with a torque of 1.5 Ncm and a speed of 400 rpm. The number of microcracks was counted again postoperatively on micro-CT images using Amira software. Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test and repeated-measures ANOVA (α = 0.05). The mean number of microcracks significantly increased postoperatively in both the moderately curved (11.59 ± 9.74 vs. 8.2 ± 7.4; p = 0.001) and the severely curved (13.23 ± 5.64 vs. 7.20 ± 5.94; p < 0.001) groups. However, the differences between the two groups were not significant (p = 0.668). Based on the results obtained, it can be stated that the instrumentation of moderately and severely curved root canals with Neoniti rotary files increases the number of microcracks. However, the higher degree of curvature does not necessarily translate to a higher number of microcracks after root canal instrumentation with this specific rotary system and methodological procedures.
45
Rozi Afsar, Asma Ali, Badshah Afsar, Umar Nasir, and Bibi Maryam. "Evaluation of Second Canals in Mandibular Incisors using Magnification: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat 13, no. 3 (2023): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2023.13.3.806.
Full textAbstract:
Background: It is essential to have a thorough understanding of the typical anatomy of the root canal system, as well as the various common and uncommon anatomical variations, in order to achieve successful treatment outcomes.Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of two canals in mandibular incisors using magnifying loupe Material and Methods: This study at Saidu College of Dentistry in Swat included 385 participants selected consecutively. Inclusion criteria were males and females aged 20-60 years with mandibular incisor-related dental conditions. Exclusion criteria were local anesthesia allergies, internal root resorption, calcified canals, and pregnancy. The number of canals was recorded radiographically using the SLOBE technique. Canals were classified using Vertucci's system. Canal frequencies were analyzed by gender and tooth types using chi-square tests (p<0.05).Results: The mean age was 33.97±11.10 years. Of the participants, 215 (55.84%) were males. The highest numbers of tooth types were found among the left lateral incisors (n=148, 38.44%) and left central incisors (n=122, 31.69%). Second canal was found 139 participants (36.10%). Among these, Type I (n=84, 21.82%) was the most common two-canal pattern, followed by Type III (n=36, 9.35%). When analyzing the canal types within the single canal group, Type I was the most prevalent in both males (23.26%) and females (20.00%). The frequencies of Types II, III, and IV were similar between genders and did not exhibit significant differences (p=0.865). The distribution of canal types varied across tooth types, with Type I being the most common, but not statistically significant (p=0.652).Conclusion: The presence of a second canal in the mandibular incisors is quite common. The most common pattern of two canals, according to the Vertucci classification, was Type I, followed by Type III.Keywords: Magnification, Mandibular incisors, Second canals, Vertucci classification
46
Katge, Farhin, and Uma B. Dixit. "Root and Root Canal Anatomy of Primary Mandibular Central Incisor, Lateral Incisor, and Canine in Indian Children: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2022 (March 7, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7191134.
Full textAbstract:
Background. A thorough knowledge of root and root canal morphology in primary dentition is essential for success of endodontic therapy. This information also finds importance in anthropological research in reconstructing human population history. Lack of studies of root and root canal morphology in mandibular anterior teeth prompted us to the present study. Methods. A total of 109 extracted primary mandibular incisors and canines were collected, out of which 90 teeth were selected for this study and divided into 3 groups: CI, mandibular central incisor; LI, mandibular lateral incisor; C, mandibular canine. All the sample teeth were scanned using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Number of roots, number of root canals, length of root, mesiodistal (MD), and buccolingual (BL) width of canal, shape of canal, and presence of accessory canals were assessed. Collected data were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA and chi-square tests. Results. All teeth studied displayed single root with single root canal conforming to type I Vertucci’s classification. Root length of CI was significantly shorter than both LI and C, with no significant difference between LI and C. Straight root canals were more common in CI and LI, whereas curved canals were more common in C. S-shaped canals were seen in a few CI and C. BL canal width was more than MD width in all teeth, C showing significantly larger dimensions than both CI and LI. Conclusion. This study presents root and root canal characteristics of primary mandibular central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine in children from Indian ethnicity.
47
Joshi, Neera, Suraj Shrestha, Kranti Prajapati, Sharada Devi Wagle, Rinky Nyachhyon, and Sunanda Sundas. "PRESENCE OF EXTRA CANAL IN PERMANENT MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 12, no. 4 (2022): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1206.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The success of root canal therapy depends on proper knowledge of root canal system, presence of extra canals, complete debridement and three-dimensional obturation of the entire root canal system. Previous studies have reported three to five canals in mandibular first molars. There might be chance of missing the canal that may lead to root canal failure, because of the variability in the number of root canals. The objective of this study was to determine the percentage of extra canal in the permanent mandibular first molar in patients undergoing root canal treatment. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics of Peoples Dental College and Hospital over a period of ten months from 6th September 2021 to 31st July 2022 after receiving ethical clearance from Institutional review Committee (IRC) Peoples dental college on 5th September 2021 (ref no1/ch no 5,2078/2079). About 350 mandibular first molar was selected by convenient sampling. After access preparation, all canal orifices were located and data were recorded. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 with frequency table. Results: Out of 350 patients, the percentage of three canals, four canals and five canals were respectively 273(78%), 76(21.7%) and 1(0.3%). Conclusions: The finding of this study supports the presence of extra canals in mandibular first molar. Thus, the clinicians require more diagnostic approaches, access modifications, and skills to locate, clean and shape the entire root canal system.
48
Khattak, Imran, Munawar Aziz Khattak, Yusra Jamil Khattak, Sana Arbab, Momena Rashid, and Syed Amjad Shah. "USE OF TOOTH CLEARING TECHNIQUE TO DETERMINE ROOT AND CANAL MORPHOLOGY OF PERMANENT MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLARS IN POPULATION OF PESHAWAR: AN IN VITRO CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY." KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 14, no. 4 (2021): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2021.21653.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVE: To find out number of roots, root-canals and canal configuration in permanent mandibular third molars through tooth clearing technique.
 METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 193 extracted human mandibular permanent third molars with completely formed apical foramen and intact roots were collected from both genders treated at dental hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st July to 31st December 2019. After collection teeth were visually inspected to count number of roots, followed by access cavity preparation, pulp extirpation and canal staining with black Indian ink. Decalcification was done by placing teeth in nitric acid for 5 days followed by dehydration in ascending concentrations of alcohol. Complete transparency was achieved by immersing teeth in methyl-salicylate for 72 hours. Transparent teeth were inspected again for number of roots and root-canals.
 RESULTS: Among 193 extracted mandibular third molars, (n=161; 83.4%) had two-roots and (n=24; 12.4%) were single-rooted. Two-canals were present in vast majority (n=142; 73.6%) whereas three and one-canal were seen in (n=37; 19.2%) and (n=13; 6.7%) teeth respectively. Most common type of root canal pattern was Vertucci’s Type-I in mesial-roots (n=79; 63.7%) and distal-roots (n=120; 96.8%). Vertucci’s Type-II and Type-IV were (n=15; 12.1%) and (n=12; 9.7%) in the mesial-roots respectively. Mandibular third molars didn’t present with any configurations that didn’t fullfill Vertucci’s criteria. Correlation between number of roots and root-canals of mandibular third molars was non-significant.
 CONCLUSION: Two-roots and two-canals were common patterns for mandibular third molars. Mesial and distal roots were predominant in Type-I followed by Type-II and Type-IV Vertucci’s classification.
49
Kolalite, M. R., A. A. Oskolski, H. G. Richter, and U. Schmitt. "BARK ANATOMY AND INTERCELLULAR CANALS IN THE STEM OF DELARBREA PARADOXA (ARALIACEAE)." IAWA Journal 24, no. 2 (2003): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000327.
Full textAbstract:
The anatomy of the primary tissues and secondary phloem in the stem of Delarbrea paradoxa Vieill. (Araliaceae) was examined with emphasis on structure and topography of secretory canals. Secretory canal systems of primary (axial canals in cortex and pith, radial canals in medullary rays) and secondary origin (axial canals in secondary phloem, radial canals in rays of secondary phloem and secondary xylem) were distinguished. Two distinct types of axial parenchyma (sheath parenchyma near axial secretory canals, and phloem parenchyma associated with conducting elements) occur in the secondary phloem. Distribution, size and number of cells per strand, occurrence of starch, and mode of transformation during phloem collapse serve to distinguish these two types. Three stages of secretory canal development (canal formation, active secretion, and senescence) were distinguished on the basis of TEM observations. The secretory canal lumina are formed simultaneously with the differentiation of meristematic cells into epithelial secretory cells. During the active secretion phase the epithelial cells contain leucoplasts aggregated into small groups, each accompanied by 2 to 3 mitochondria. These aggregations indicate terpene production in the cell. The secretion of terpenes is accompanied by swelling and loosening of the cell walls facing the canal lumina. Secretory processes were not indicated in the highly vacuolated senescent epithelial cells.
50
Başar, Özge. "Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with seven root canals using a dental operating microscope: A case report." Journal of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry 3, no. 1 (2025): 19–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14948031.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of root canal treatment is the thorough cleaning and shaping of the entire root canal system. For this, the detection of all canals is of significant clinical importance. Maxillary first molars (Mx1M) commonly present with three roots and three canals, with a second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) also present. With the advent of improved diagnostic systems, it has been reported that Mx1M can have different anatomical variations. This varying number of configurations presents a challenge to the endodontist in detecting and treating through the root canal. This problem can be avoided by using magnification systems or advanced diagnostic techniques. Although four canals were detected at the beginning of the treatment, a rare morphology and three additional canals were detected with the contribution of a dental operating microscope (DOM). This case report presents the endodontic management of an Mx1M with pulpal necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis. Nonsurgical endodontic therapy of a left Mx1M with three roots and seven root canals was successfully performed under a DOM.