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Journal articles on the topic 'Number of follicles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Sudek, Hanan L. "Ovarian antral follicle number and the amount of gonadotropin used in ovarian stimulation in polycystic ovarian patients." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 53, no. 2 (2011): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.532880.

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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common cause of anovulation, and the number of antral follicles is of great importance in determining ovarian reserve, so identification of patients with diminished ovarian reserve help in choosing individualized and well managed ovulation induction protocol. The aim of the study is to find out if the number of ovarian antral follicles could affect the amount of gonadotropins used in ovarian stimulation in polycystic ovarian patients.Patients and methods: Ninty four infertile polycystic ovaries women, attending the infertility clinic at Baghdad

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2

Wycherley, G., D. Downey, M. T. Kane, and A. C. Hynes. "A novel follicle culture system markedly increases follicle volume, cell number and oestradiol secretion." Reproduction 127, no. 6 (2004): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00040.

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This study reports a novel, simple method for culture of mouse follicles which results in follicles with cell numbers similar toin vivofully grown follicles. Using this method, follicles (180–240 μm in diameter) were cultured in a 100 μl inverted drop of medium without oil and compared with culture in upright drops with and without a mineral oil overlay. Follicles, isolated from C57BL/6 × CBA/ca crossbred and MF1 inbred mice, were cultured individually at 37 °C in 96-well round-bottomed suspension cell tissue culture plates for 6 days. Follicles grown in the inverted drop culture system reache

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3

De Roover, R., G. Genicot, S. Leonard, A. Massip, and F. Dessy. "336EFFECT OF AN INDIVIDUALLY ADAPTED SUPERSTIMULATION PROTOCOL FOR OPU IN COWS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab336.

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The aim of this experiment was to apply an ovarian superstimulation protocol to OPU, with attention to the individual responses of each cow, and to show effects on follicle numbers and diameters. Ten non-lactating dairy cows were stimulated with pFSH and submitted to OPU-IVF 6 times at 2-week intervals. On Day 0 of each 2-week period, the dominant follicle was punctured and a progestin ear implant was inserted. Starting on Day 2, animals were treated with 6 equal doses of pFSH, administered twice daily over 3 days. On Day 7, 48h after the last pFSH injection, follicle diameters were measured b

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Ruoss, Chantelle, Amanda Tadros, Tim O'Shea, Jim McFarlane, and Ghanim Almahbobi. "Ovarian follicle development in Booroola sheep exhibiting impaired bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway." REPRODUCTION 138, no. 4 (2009): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-09-0190.

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The role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the regulation of ovarian function has been extensively investigated but the mechanism of regulation is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mutation in the BMP receptor in Booroola sheep on the number of primordial follicles and rate of follicle recruitment in comparison with that in normal merino sheep in vivo. Whole sheep ovaries at the time of birth, 1.5 and 5 years old were collected and processed for the follicle quantification, using computerised stereological methods and statistical analyses. At bi

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Watanabe, Ren, Sho Sasaki, and Naoko Kimura. "Activation of autophagy in early neonatal mice increases primordial follicle number and improves lifelong fertility†." Biology of Reproduction 102, no. 2 (2019): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioz179.

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Abstract The number of stockpiled primordial follicles is thought to be responsible for the fate of female fertility and reproductive lifetime. We previously reported that starvation in nonsuckling early neonatal mice increases the number of primordial follicles with concomitant autophagy activation, suggesting that autophagy may accelerate the formation of primordial follicles. In this study, we attempted to upregulate the numbers of primordial follicles by administering an autophagy inducer and evaluated the progress of primordial follicle formation and their fertility during the life of the

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Hornick, J. E., F. E. Duncan, L. D. Shea, and T. K. Woodruff. "Multiple follicle culture supports primary follicle growth through paracrine-acting signals." REPRODUCTION 145, no. 1 (2013): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-12-0233.

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In vitro follicle growth in alginate hydrogels is a unique and versatile method for studying ovarian and follicle biology that may also have implications for fertility preservation. Current culture systems support the development of isolated mouse follicles from the secondary stage onward. However, it has been a challenge to grow smaller follicles in vitro due to the dissociation of the oocyte from companion somatic cells. Recent work has demonstrated that coculturing primary follicles with mouse embryonic fibroblasts or ovarian stromal cells supports follicle survival and growth. In this stud

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Visser, Jenny A., Alexandra L. L. Durlinger, Isolde J. J. Peters, et al. "Increased Oocyte Degeneration and Follicular Atresia during the Estrous Cycle in Anti-Müllerian Hormone Null Mice." Endocrinology 148, no. 5 (2007): 2301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1265.

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Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) plays an important role in folliculogenesis. AMH null mice display an increased recruitment of primordial follicles. Nevertheless, these mice do not have proportionally more preovulatory follicles. Therefore, AMH null mice provide an interesting genetic model to study the regulation of species-specific number of preovulatory follicles. We studied the follicle pool throughout the estrous cycle at 4 months of age. Analysis of the follicle pool revealed that AMH null mice have an increased and earlier cyclic recruitment of growing follicles despite a blunted FSH surg

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Duarte, Ana Beatriz Graça, Roberta Nogueira Chaves, Valdevane Rocha Araújo, et al. "Follicular interactions affect the in vitro development of isolated goat preantral follicles." Zygote 19, no. 3 (2010): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199410000237.

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SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the number of follicles per drop (one or three) and antral follicles on in vitro development of isolated goat preantral follicles. Preantral follicles were isolated through microdissection and distributed individually (control) or in groups of three follicles (treatment) in microdroplets of α-MEM with or without 1000 ng/ml follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) for Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Experiment 3 was divided into four treatments according to the presence of one or three preantral follicles, associated or not with antral

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Stansfield, F. J., J. O. Nöthling, and W. R. Allen. "The progression of small-follicle reserves in the ovaries of wild African elephants (Loxodonta africana) from puberty to reproductive senescence." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 8 (2013): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd12296.

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This study aimed to determine whether the follicle reserve in the ovary of the African elephant declines progressively after puberty and whether its depletion constrains the fertility of older females. Elephant ovaries were fixed in 4% neutral buffered formalin and small-follicle counts made using stereological protocols. Excepting a slight rise in small-follicle numbers between 16 and 25 years of age, there was a trend for follicle numbers to fall from puberty to 70 years. Reproductive status did not impact significantly on small-follicle numbers (P = 0.31). The number of early primary follic

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Gastal, M. O., K. A. Alves, B. G. Alves, et al. "123 THE MARE MODEL TO STUDY HOW OVARIAN DYNAMICS AFFECTS PREANTRAL FOLLICLE FEATURES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab123.

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The mare has been strongly advocated by several research groups as an important comparative animal model to study antral follicular dynamics in women due to some similarities in reproductive events. More recently, the mare has also been suggested as a potential model for studies related to preantral follicles. The search for an appropriate animal model for comparative studies of preantral follicle population, density, and distribution has been a major focus of recent ovarian translational studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of reproductive phase (anestrous v.

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Mester, B., B. P. Thomson, and D. C. Eckery. "258. Characterisation of ovarian follicular growth in the brushtail possum." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 9 (2005): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs258.

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The number and size of follicles selected for ovulation differ between species. The aim of this study was to characterise antral follicular growth and determine the size when selection of the ovulatory follicle occurs in the monovular brushtail possum. For this study, antral follicles ≥ 1 mm were dissected from the ovaries of 31 adult female possums at different reproductive states and follicular fluid and granulosa cells were harvested from each individual follicle. Selection of the ovulatory follicle in the brushtail possum occurred when follicles reached between 2.5 and 2.8 mm in diameter.

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Antos, Piotr A., Anna Hrabia, Anna Gdula, and Andrzej Sechman. "Apoptosis in chicken ovarian follicles following in vitro exposure to TCDD, PCB 126 and PCB 153." Annals of Animal Science 17, no. 3 (2017): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0087.

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Abstract The study was conducted in order to compare the in vitro effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin (TCDD), 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) on the number of apoptotic cells and the activity of caspase-3 in chicken ovarian follicles. The ovarian stroma, white (WF) and yellowish (YF) prehierarchical follicles and fragments of the theca and granulosa layers of the 3 largest preovulatory follicles (F3-F1) were in vitro exposed to TCDD (10 nM), PCB 126 (10 nM) and PCB 153 (10 μM) for 24 h. After incubation the number of apoptotic

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Dipaz-Berrocal, D. J., G. Rojas, C. Mamani, J. R. Figueiredo, and E. Mellisho. "87 Population estimate and morphology of ovarian preantral follicles in fetal and adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab87.

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Preantral follicles are the largest ovarian follicle population and represent an important source of potentially competent oocytes. During the lifespan of the female this large population becomes atretic during their growth. In alpacas, there are few studies that estimate the number of preantral follicles. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare the population and morphology of preantral follicles in the ovaries of fetal and adult alpacas. Ovaries from alpacas in fetal (fetus during the last third of gestation, n=5) and adult stage (3–4 years, n=5) were collected at a loca

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Dipaz-Berrocal, D. J., G. Rojas, C. Mamani, J. R. Figueiredo, and E. Mellisho. "87 Population estimate and morphology of ovarian preantral follicles in fetal and adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab87.

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Preantral follicles are the largest ovarian follicle population and represent an important source of potentially competent oocytes. During the lifespan of the female this large population becomes atretic during their growth. In alpacas, there are few studies that estimate the number of preantral follicles. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare the population and morphology of preantral follicles in the ovaries of fetal and adult alpacas. Ovaries from alpacas in fetal (fetus during the last third of gestation, n=5) and adult stage (3–4 years, n=5) were collected at a loca

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15

Ferguson, M. B., B. A. McGregor, and R. Behrendt. "Relationships between skin follicle characteristics and fibre properties of Suri and Huacaya alpacas and Peppin Merino sheep." Animal Production Science 52, no. 7 (2012): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11233.

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We aimed to quantify the number, type and arrangement of skin follicles in Huacaya and Suri alpaca skin and correlate their follicle characteristics with fibre traits of harvested fibre and compared these relationships with those of Merino sheep. Fibre and skin samples were collected from the mid-side of 12 Huacaya alpacas, 24 Suri alpacas and 10 Merino sheep. The mean fibre diameter (MFD ± s.e.) of the Huacaya and Suri were: 35.5 ± 0.9 and 28.3 ± 1.0 μm, respectively. The follicle groups found for alpacas were very different from the normal trio of primary follicles found in sheep and goats.

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Young, Fiona, John Drummond, Emma Akers, Louise Bartle, David Kennedy, and Mohammad Asaduzzaman. "Effects of ovarian disaggregation on adult murine follicle yield and viability." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 12 (2017): 2400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd16398.

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Follicles are isolated from ovaries for numerous reasons, including IVM, but adult murine yields are <2 follicles mg−1. The aim of the present study was to optimise ovarian disaggregation and develop methods applicable to the rapid screening of follicle viability. Ovaries from adult mice (n = 7) were halved and disaggregated mechanically, or by using collagenase IV (Col-IV; 590 U mL−1) or animal origin-free collagenase IV (AOF) at 590 or 1180 U mL−1. Isolated follicles were stained with 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; nuclei), chloromethyl-X-rosamine (CMXRos; mitochondria) or fluoresc

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Jaiswal, R. S., J. Singh, and G. P. Adams. "223DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERN OF SMALL (1-3mm) ANTRAL FOLLICLES IN THE BOVINE OVARY." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab223.

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Knowledge about the developmental pattern of small follicles (&lt;4mm) will be crucial to understanding the endogenous control of folliculogenesis and to developing methods to control it for clinical purposes. This study was designed to characterize the developmental pattern of 1–3mm follicles and to determine, retrospectively, the stage at which the future dominant follicle first attains a size advantage among follicles in the cohort. In Experiment 1, the ovaries of Hereford-cross heifers (n=18) were examined daily by high resolution transrectal ultrasonography for one natural interovulat

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Hohmann, Femke P., Joop S. E. Laven, Frank H. de Jong, and Bart C. J. M. Fauser. "Relationship between inhibin A and B, estradiol and follicle growth dynamics during ovarian stimulation in normo-ovulatory women." European Journal of Endocrinology 152, no. 3 (2005): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.01871.

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Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum concentrations of inhibin A, inhibin B and estradiol (E2) and the number of developing follicles during the administration of exogenous follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in various regimens in normo-ovulatory volunteers and to evaluate if inhibins act as suitable markers for the number of developing follicles during ovarian stimulation. Design and methods: Serial hormone determinations and assessment of follicle numbers were carried out during unstimulated cycles and during various interventions with exogenous FSH. Subjects were randomi

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Greenfeld, Chuck R., Janice K. Babus, Priscilla A. Furth, Sam Marion, Patricia B. Hoyer, and Jodi A. Flaws. "BAX is involved in regulating follicular growth, but is dispensable for follicle atresia in adult mouse ovaries." Reproduction 133, no. 1 (2007): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-06-0144.

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Mammalian females are endowed with a finite number of primordial follicles at birth or shortly thereafter. Immediately following the formation of the primordial follicle pool, cohorts of these follicles are recruited to begin growth, and this recruitment continues until the primordial follicle population is depleted. Once recruited, a follicle will either grow and ovulate or undergo atresia. Follicle atresia results from the apoptotic death of follicular cells. Members of the BCL-2 family of proteins are important regulators of apoptosis in most cells including in the ovary. Here, we tested th

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Canning, Jacqueline, Yasushi Takai, and Jonathan L. Tilly. "Evidence for Genetic Modifiers of Ovarian Follicular Endowment and Development from Studies of Five Inbred Mouse Strains." Endocrinology 144, no. 1 (2003): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2002-220988.

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Abstract The laboratory mouse is the model of choice for genetic studies in mammals due to the availability of many genetically defined inbred strains and inbred congenic strains, as well as the ability to study the effects of over-expression (transgenics) or inactivation (knockouts) of a given gene on cells or tissues. During our studies using these technologies to uncover the importance of various genes to apoptosis in the ovary, we observed that the size of the primordial oocyte reserve was affected by mouse strain in the absence of any other genetic manipulation. To determine if genetic mo

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Pankhurst, Michael W., Rebecca L. Kelley, Rachel L. Sanders, Savana R. Woodcock, Dorothy E. Oorschot, and Nicola J. Batchelor. "Anti-Müllerian hormone overexpression restricts preantral ovarian follicle survival." Journal of Endocrinology 237, no. 2 (2018): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-18-0005.

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Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an ovarian regulator that affects folliculogenesis. AMH inhibits the developmental activation of the dormant primordial follicles and the oocyte within. In more mature follicles, AMH reduces granulosa cell sensitivity to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). We examined the effects of AMH overexpression on the stages of ovarian folliculogenesis, and the development of embryos, with a transgenic mouse that overexpresses human AMH in central nervous system neurons under the control of the mouse Thy1.2 promoter (Thy1.2-AMH Tg mice). These mice are severely sub-fertil

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Candelaria, Juliana I., and Anna C. Denicol. "Characterization of isolated bovine preantral follicles based on morphology, diameter and cell number." Zygote 28, no. 2 (2020): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199419000832.

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SummaryPreantral follicles are a potential reservoir of oocytes to be used in assisted reproductive technologies. With the increasing interest in developing techniques to grow preantral follicles in vitro, and as the bovine emerges as an appropriate model species to understand human folliculogenesis, the establishment of an accurate classification of developmental stages is needed. Classification of bovine preantral follicles has been mostly based on histological analysis and estimation models, which may not translate well to correctly characterize preantral follicles isolated from the ovary.

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Silva, J. R. V., T. Tharasanit, M. A. M. Taverne, et al. "The activin-follistatin system and in vitro early follicle development in goats." Journal of Endocrinology 189, no. 1 (2006): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06487.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of activin-A and follistatin on in vitro primordial and primary follicle development in goats. To study primordial follicle development (experiment 1), pieces of ovarian cortex were cultured in vitro for 5 days in minimal essential medium (MEM) supplemented with activin-A (0, 10 or 100 ng/ml), follistatin (0, 10 or 100 ng/ml) or combinations of the two. After culture, the numbers of primordial follicles and more advanced follicle stages were calculated and compared with those in non-cultured tissue. Protein and mRNA expression of acti

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Kuznetsova, Valentina G., Anna Maryańska-Nadachowska, Gadzhimurad N. Khabiev, Gayane Karagyan, and Victor A. Krivokhatsky Krivokhatsky. "Variation in the number of testicular follicles and ovarioles among 18 lacewing species of the families Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae, and Nemopteridae (Insecta, Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia)." ZooKeys 894 (December 3, 2019): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.894.47040.

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The representatives of the lacewing families Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae, and Nemopteridae (the suborder Myrmeleontiformia) were studied with reference to the number of testicular follicles in males and the number of ovarioles in females. We have found that the number of follicles is highly variable, at least in the first two families. In the comparatively more fully explored family Myrmeleontidae, the species studied have three to several hundred follicles per testis, the dominant values being six and five. In Ascalaphidae, two main patterns were revealed: testes with a low number of follicl

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Kuznetsova, Valentina G., Anna Maryańska-Nadachowska, Gadzhimurad N. Khabiev, Gayane Karagyan, and Victor A. Krivokhatsky Krivokhatsky. "Variation in the number of testicular follicles and ovarioles among 18 lacewing species of the families Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae, and Nemopteridae (Insecta, Neuroptera, Myrmeleontiformia)." ZooKeys 894 (December 3, 2019): 33–51. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.894.47040.

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The representatives of the lacewing families Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae, and Nemopteridae (the suborder Myrmeleontiformia) were studied with reference to the number of testicular follicles in males and the number of ovarioles in females. We have found that the number of follicles is highly variable, at least in the first two families. In the comparatively more fully explored family Myrmeleontidae, the species studied have three to several hundred follicles per testis, the dominant values being six and five. In Ascalaphidae, two main patterns were revealed: testes with a low number of follicl

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Jurgens, Isabella M., Friederike Baumgaertner, Sarah R. Underdahl, et al. "PS-6 Nutrition During Early Pregnancy Impacts Offspring Ovarian Characteristics." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_4 (2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac313.027.

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Abstract During early pregnancy offspring are directly exposed to nutrients consumed by their mother, and the development of their own reproductive tract is underway. The objective of this research was to determine how characteristics of offspring ovaries were affected by different maternal rates of gain during the first trimester of gestation in beef heifers. Before breeding antral follicle counts were determined via ultrasound. Beginning at breeding Angus heifers were managed to achieve one of two rates of gain: low (0.20 kg/d, n = 8; LG) or moderate (0.75 kg/d, n = 8; MG) for the first trim

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Meijs-Roelofs, H. M. A., W. A. van Cappellen, E. C. M. van Leeuwen, and P. Kramer. "Short- and long-term effects of an LHRH antagonist given during the prepubertal period on follicle dynamics in the rat." Journal of Endocrinology 124, no. 2 (1990): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1240247.

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ABSTRACT The effects of the suppression of the high gonadotrophin concentrations normally present by the end of the second week of life on ovarian follicle dynamics were studied in immature rats. Gonadotrophins were suppressed by treatment with an LHRH antagonist (LHRH-A; Org. 30276) on days 6, 9, 12 and 15, and the total population of ovarian follicles was studied at 15 and 28 days, on the day of first oestrus and on the day of oestrus at or following 90 and 300 days of age. Primordial follicles were counted and growing follicles were counted and measured. In rats treated with LHRH-A, follicl

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Hyde, Kendall A., Francisco L. N. Aguiar, Paula B. Alvarenga, et al. "Characterization of preantral follicle clustering and neighborhood patterns in the equine ovary." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (2022): e0275396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275396.

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Understanding the transition from quiescent primordial follicles to activated primary follicles is vital for characterizing ovarian folliculogenesis and improving assisted reproductive techniques. To date, no study has investigated preantral follicle crowding in the ovaries of livestock or characterized these crowds according to follicular morphology and ovarian location (portions and regions) in any species. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the crowding (clustering and neighborhood) patterns of preantral follicles in the equine ovary according to mare age, follicular morphology an

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Smith, O. F. "Quantification of the Ovarian follicles of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 30, no. 1 (2021): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v30i1.1923.

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Ovarian samples were collected either through ovariectomy or slaughtering of Phillipine water buffaloes at the Phillipine Carabao Research and development Centre (now Phillipine Carabao Centre), Central Luzon State University, Philippines. From the young buffalo (6-7months, 2 pairs of ovaries); pubertal (2 year; n=1 pair); adults (7-8 year; n=3 Pairs) and old (12-14 years; n=3 pairs) were used for the study. The ovaries were fixed, dehydrated and embedded in the paraffin wax and were serially sectioned at 10 microns. The sectioned ovaries were then stained with periodic acid/schiff's-Hematoxyl

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Gosden, Roger G., and Malcolm J. Faddy. "Biological bases of premature ovarian failure." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 10, no. 1 (1998): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/r98043.

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The ovary is endowed at birth with a fixed number of primordial follicles, which steadily dwindles throughout life as a result of atresia and recruitment towards ovulation. In addition to age, the number varies allometrically between species, larger and longer-lived animals tending to have more follicles initially and these disappear at a slower rate. A causal relationship between follicle depletion and menopause clearly exists, and there is a gradual acceleration of follicle wastage in the human ovary beginning more than a decade before the end of menstrual life. A mathematical model has prov

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Hatzirodos, N., H. F. Irving-Rodgers, and R. J. Rodgers. "333. HETEROGENEITY OF GENE EXPRESSION IN BOVINE SMALL FOLLICLES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 9 (2010): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb10abs333.

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Small antral follicles <5 mm in bovine ovaries undergo one of two fates: further growth and selection to become the dominant follicle for ovulation, or atresia. Atresia can occur before, during or after selection. As follicle grow past >5 mm there is upregulation in expression of focimatrix genes and later upregulation of the LH receptor and steroidogenic enzymes, especially aromatase, in the granulosa cells. For follicles at sizes >5 mm entering atresia the granulosa cells are the first in the follicle to die. Thus expression of genes in granulosa cells is critical to the fate of the

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Mircea, Carmen N., Marla E. Lujan, Rajesh S. Jaiswal, Jaswant Singh, Gregg P. Adams, and Roger A. Pierson. "Ovarian imaging in the mouse using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM): a validation study." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 4 (2009): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd08295.

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The mouse is a well accepted model for studies of human reproduction despite little being known about follicle dynamics in this species. Longitudinal studies of mouse folliculogenesis have been hampered by the lack of an appropriate imaging tool. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) may overcome this obstacle as it confers near-microscopic resolution through the use of high-frequency ultrasound waves. The objective of the present study was to determine whether UBM could be used to count and measure ovarian follicles and corpora lutea (CL) reliably in mice. Ovaries of 25 adult CD-1 mice were imaged u

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Darajat, St Zaqiya, Abdul Latief Toleng, Yusuf Muhammad, Nur Aeni Jawi, Hasrin, and Athhar Manabi Diansyah. "Effect of Vitamin A on Estrous Intensity, Number of Follicles, Follicles Diameter and Pregnancy Rate in Beef Cows." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, no. 2 (2023): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44i2.242.

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Moringa leaves are used as feed to increase the intensity of estrus. It is assumed that the positive effect on the Moringa leaves is due to the presence of vitamin A. This study aims to see the response of vitamin A as a supplement feed to the reproductive performance of beef cows including estrous intensity, number of follicles, follicle diameter, and pregnancy rate. The research was conducted in September-November 2022 in Lappariaja District, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province. 10 cows were used which were divided into 2 groups, each group consisting of 5 cows. Group 1 was the control gro

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Yue, Sicong, Jiaxin Chen, Chunhui Duan, et al. "The Effect of Prolactin on Gene Expression and the Secretion of Reproductive Hormones in Ewes during the Estrus Cycle." Animals 14, no. 13 (2024): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14131873.

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Prolactin (PRL) plays an important role in animal follicle development and ovulation. However, its regulatory effects on the different stages of the estrus cycle in ewes are unclear. In this study, bromocriptine (BCR, PRL inhibitor) was used to study the effect of PRL on the secretion of reproductive hormones and gene expressions in order to explore its regulatory effects on the sexual cycle of ewes. Eighty healthy ewes with the same parity and similar weights were randomly assigned to the control group (C, n = 40) and the treatment group (T, n = 40, fed bromocriptine). After estrus synchroniz

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Schmidt, Britta, Julia Hollenbach, Christian Mühlfeld, et al. "Number of Primordial Follicles in Juvenile Ringed Seals (Pusa hispida) from the Gulf of Bothnia and West Greenland." Animals 12, no. 5 (2022): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12050669.

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Primordial follicles are important for the reproduction cycle and, therefore, also for the survival of the whole population of a species. Mammals have a large pool of primordial follicles, and it is thought that this pool represents the total number of oocytes. The aim of the present study was to determine the total primordial follicle number of juvenile ringed seals (Pusa hispida) from the Gulf of Bothnia and Greenland. Overall, 52 ovaries from two ringed seal populations (West Greenland (N = 6), Gulf of Bothnia, region in the Baltic Sea (N = 46)) were examined. All ovaries were cut into 2 mm

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Mossa, F., F. Jimenez-Krassel, J. K. Folger, et al. "Evidence that high variation in antral follicle count during follicular waves is linked to alterations in ovarian androgen production in cattle." REPRODUCTION 140, no. 5 (2010): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-10-0214.

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Androgens have an important role in ovarian follicular growth and function, but circulating androgen concentrations are also associated with ovarian dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders in women. The extent and causes of the variation in androgen production in individuals, however, are unknown. Because thecal cells of follicles synthesize androstenedione and testosterone, variation in production of these androgens is hypothesized to be directly related to the inherently high variation in number of healthy growing follicles in ovaries of individuals. To test this hypothe

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Noraishikin Zulkarnain, Asma Amirah Nazarudin, Al Haa An Nur Al Has, Siti Salasiah Mokri, Aini Hussain, and Ili Najaa Aimi Mohd Nordin. "ULTRASOUND IMAGE SEGMENTATION FOR DETECTING FOLLICLE IN OVARIES USING MORPHOLOGICAL OPERATION AND EXTRACTION METHODS." Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results 13, no. 4 (2022): 659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.04.088.

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There are three different types of ovaries in women such as normal ovary, cyst ovary and Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The normal ovary consists of 8-10 follicle with size 2mm to 28mm. If the number of follicles more than 9 with size less than 9mm, it is classified as Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Follicles can be detected through ultrasound images. Ultrasound images produce noises resulting in segmentation images cannot be perform properly. Therefore, to detect the follicles in the ovary is by using morphological operations with feature extraction. In this paper, the method of detecti

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Kapoor, Avnika, Garima Sharma, and Rita Bakshi. "Correlation of mature mean follicle on transvaginal ultrasound and serum estradiol levels on day of trigger injection of ovulation in ovarian stimulation cycle of in vitro fertilization with retrieved oocytes." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 2 (2021): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20210294.

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Background: Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation aims to obtain mature follicles. The present study was conducted to assess the correlation of mature follicle in transvaginal ultrasound scanning (TVS) and serum estradiol levels on day of trigger injection in ovarian stimulation cycle for IVF with the oocyte yield.Methods: In this prospective study, we evaluated oocyte donor 19 to 45 years of age who underwent oocyte retrieval at our clinic. Outcome variables like number of mature follicles visualized on TVS on the last day of stimulation was noted for all patients. On the same day, serum estrad

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Schlüter, N., A. Hanstedt, K. Knauer, H. Stinshoff, and C. Wrenzycki. "126 INFLUENCE OF PERIPHERAL PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION ON MORPHOLOGICAL OOCYTE QUALITY IN REPEATED OVUM PICKUP SESSIONS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab126.

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Today, ovum pickup (OPU) followed by in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos is an integral part of many breeding programs. The quality of the obtained cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) limits the success of embryo production. The developmental competence of the COC is dependent on several factors, including the stage of the oestrous cycle, the stage of follicular development and the follicular diameter. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of circulating progesterone (P4) concentrations during repeated OPU sessions on the morphological quality of bovine COC. Cumulus–oo

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Austin, Publishing Group. "Follicle Aspirating is an Effective Remedy When Multi-follicles Developed in Donor-sperm Timing-Artificial Insemination." Austin Journal of Invitro Fertilization 7, no. 1 (2023): 1042. https://doi.org/10.26420/AustinJInVitroFertili.2023.1042.

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Abstract <strong>Purpose:</strong> To avoid multi-pregnancy, the cycle usually has to be cancelled when Multi-Follicles Developed (MFD) in artificial insemination. For the strong willing to continue the cycle for most patients, we explored the effectiveness of excess follicles aspirating as another remedy when multiple follicle developed. <strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a retrospective study in patients taking Artificial Insemination with Donor sperm (AID) and ovarian stimulation protocol from 2011 to 2022. Patients were divided in 4 groups according to the differences of rece

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Otoi, T., N. Koyama, K. Yamamoto, S. Tachikawa, and T. Suzuki. "Effect of removal of large follicles after artificial insemination on embryo yield of superovulated beef cows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 1 (2000): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a99-110.

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The removal of large follicles 3 d after AI during induction of superovulation of cows had detrimental effects on the number of transferable and freezable embryos. The removal of large follicles 1 d after AI had no effects on embryo quality. Therefore, this procedure appears not to be beneficial in improving the numbers of embryos available for transfer following superovulation of cattle. Key words: Large follicle, aspiration, superovulation, cow

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Vlčková, R., I. Valocký, G. Lazar, D. Sopková, and I. Maraček. "Histological and Ultrasonographic Monitoring of Folliculogenesis in Puerperal Ewes after Spring Lambing." Acta Veterinaria Brno 77, no. 1 (2008): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200877010065.

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The time of the first ovulation depends on the sheep breed, feeding conditions, year season, length of lamb nursing and following galactopoiesis. The objective of the present study was to analyse the follicle status after parturition in non-lactating Improved Valachian ewes. Laparotomy with following ovariectomy was performed after lamb weaning (spring) on days 17, 24 and 32 after parturition. The ovaries were USG analysed with 5.0 MHz linear and 7.5 MHz convex transducer. Follicular data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The ovaries were collected at the end of laparotomy and fi

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Favoreto, M. G., V. Quieroz, B. Loureiro, R. L. Ereno, A. G. Pupulim, and C. M. Barros. "112 OVARIAN FOLLICLE RESERVE IN NELLORE AND ANGUS HEIFERS WITH LOW AND HIGH FOLLICLE COUNT." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, no. 1 (2014): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv26n1ab112.

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Cattle from Bos indicus breeds recruit and develop more follicles per oestrous cycle compared with cattle from Bos taurus breeds. The number of antral follicles in the ovaries is a decisive factor for the success of reproductive technologies such as ovum pick-up and embryo transfer. The reasons why indicine cattle recruit and develop more follicles are not known. Our objectives were to evaluate the ovarian reserve of Nellore and Angus heifers and determine at which stage of follicle development Nellor ovarian reserve differs from Angus ovarian reserve. To determine if animals were in the low o

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Chandramohan, Koshini, Suzanita Utama, Tita Damayanti Lestari, et al. "The Correlation between the Weight of Ovary, Number of Follicles, and Quality of Oocytes of Culling Female Bovine in Slaughterhouse." Media Kedokteran Hewan 35, no. 3 (2024): 206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkh.v35i3.2024.206-220.

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The purpose of this research was to determine the correlation between the weight of the ovary, the number of follicles, and the quality of the oocytes from the culling female bovine obtained from the slaughterhouse. The variation may affect the potential of the ovary to produce follicles. Paired ovaries were obtained from female bovines. Follicle numbers were recorded and divided into three size categories (small: 3 mm, medium: < 3 mm-8 mm, and large: > 8 mm). Oocytes were aspirated and the number of oocytes was recorded and graded into four categories (grades A, B, C, and D). There was

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McGee, Elizabeth A., and Aaron J. W. Hsueh. "Initial and Cyclic Recruitment of Ovarian Follicles*." Endocrine Reviews 21, no. 2 (2000): 200–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/edrv.21.2.0394.

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Abstract Mammalian ovaries consist of follicles as basic functional units. The total number of ovarian follicles is determined early in life, and the depletion of this pool leads to reproductive senescence. Each follicle develops to either ovulate or, more likely, to undergo degeneration. The dynamics of ovarian follicle development have interested endocrinologists and developmental biologists for many years. With the advent of assisted reproductive techniques in humans, the possibility of regulating follicle development in vivo and in vitro has gained clinical relevance. In this review, we fo

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Atanasov, A., S. Yotov, B. Ivanova, I. Fasulkov, and B. Sinapov. "SUPEROVULATORY RESPONSE IN DAIRY COWS AFTER APPLICATION OF ECG." Trakia Journal of Sciences 21, no. 4 (2023): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2023.04.001.

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PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to determine the follicular dynamics and superovulatory response in dairy cows after the administration of eCG. METHODS: The study included 6 Holstein cows bearing CL in the ovaries treated with PGF2α for estrus induction. After estrus detection daily ultrasound scanning to monitor the dominant follicle of the first follicular wave was made. Superovulation treatment (2500 IU eCG and two doses of 500μg PGF2α analog on the 48th and 60th hour after the eCG injection) started at the emergence of the second follicular wave. The number and diameter of the fo

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Vasconcelos, G. L., R. Maculan, N. Alves, et al. "138 Relationships Between Antral Follicle Count, Ovarian Volume, Pre-Antral Follicle Number, and Oocyte Quality." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 1 (2018): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv30n1ab138.

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The objective was to evaluate the possible relationships between AFC, ovarian volume, ovarian follicle reserve and oocyte quality in abattoir-derived ovaries (experiment 1) and in cows (experiment 2) submitted to OPU. Antral follicle counts of ≥25, 16 to 24, and ≤ 16 were used to define AFC classes as high (HAFC), intermediate (IAFC), and low (LAFC) in both experiments. In experiment 1, after antral follicles were aspirated, abattoir ovaries (n = 10 per AFC class) were processed by conventional histology and pre-antral follicles were counted within primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary

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Prado, R., S. M. Rhind, I. A. Wright, et al. "Ovarian follicle populations, steroidogenicity and micromorphology at 5 and 9 weeks post partum in beef cows in two levels of body condition." Animal Science 51, no. 1 (1990): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100005195.

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ABSTRACTThe effect of body condition at calving on ovarian follicle characteristics during post-partum anoestrus was studied in 38 suckling Blue-Grey cows with mean body-condition scores of 2·80 (s.e. 0·05) (H) or 2·35 (s.e. 0·05) (L) at calving and fed so that they maintained live weight and body condition during lactation. Cows of each level of body condition were ovariectomized at either 5 or 9 weeks after calving and follicles ≥3 mm in diameter were dissected out and incubated in a medium (Medium 199) for 2 h. Follicle incubates were assayed for progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol. L

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Liu, Jie, Shudi Dai, Zichun Dai, et al. "Transcriptome Profiling of Goose Ovarian Follicle Granulosa Cells Reveals Key Regulatory Networks for Follicle Selection." Animals 13, no. 13 (2023): 2132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13132132.

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The selection of follicles determines the reproductive performance of birds, but the process of follicle selection in geese is still elusive. This study focuses on Yangzhou geese during the egg-laying period and divides the follicular development process into three stages: small follicle development, follicle selection, and follicle maturation. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on granulosa cells from large white follicles, small yellow follicles, and F5 and F4 follicles. In addition, we selected the transcripts that remained unchanged during the development and maturation of small follic

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Cushman, Robert A. "80 Randel Lectureship: Practical Applications for Developmental Programming of the Bovine Ovary." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_1 (2022): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac028.057.

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Abstract Mammalian females are born with a finite supply of follicles within their ovaries that may be related to fertility and reproductive longevity. The number of microscopic follicles in the ovarian cortex is positively correlated to the number of antral follicles. In cattle, the number of antral follicles can be determined by ultrasonographic examination of the ovaries, is repeatable within a female, and has a moderate heritability. Studies in rodents suggest that nutritional status early in life can alter structure and function of the ovarian reserve, resulting in changes in follicle num

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